CN108658613B - Method for preparing automobile brake disc by short fiber die pressing - Google Patents
Method for preparing automobile brake disc by short fiber die pressing Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 65
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 238000007723 die pressing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 7
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 238000003763 carbonization Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxy-6-methylphenol Chemical compound [CH]OC1=CC=CC([CH])=C1O KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229920001568 phenolic resin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 49
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000011863 silicon-based powder Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000001723 curing Methods 0.000 claims description 19
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- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 6
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- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical class N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000280 densification Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010000 carbonizing Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 abstract description 15
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- C04B35/806—
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/515—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics
- C04B35/56—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on carbides or oxycarbides
- C04B35/565—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on carbides or oxycarbides based on silicon carbide
- C04B35/573—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on carbides or oxycarbides based on silicon carbide obtained by reaction sintering or recrystallisation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/64—Burning or sintering processes
- C04B35/65—Reaction sintering of free metal- or free silicon-containing compositions
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D69/00—Friction linings; Attachment thereof; Selection of coacting friction substances or surfaces
- F16D69/02—Composition of linings ; Methods of manufacturing
- F16D69/023—Composite materials containing carbon and carbon fibres or fibres made of carbonizable material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/50—Constituents or additives of the starting mixture chosen for their shape or used because of their shape or their physical appearance
- C04B2235/52—Constituents or additives characterised by their shapes
- C04B2235/5208—Fibers
- C04B2235/5216—Inorganic
- C04B2235/524—Non-oxidic, e.g. borides, carbides, silicides or nitrides
- C04B2235/5248—Carbon, e.g. graphite
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- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
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- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
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- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
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- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/70—Aspects relating to sintered or melt-casted ceramic products
- C04B2235/96—Properties of ceramic products, e.g. mechanical properties such as strength, toughness, wear resistance
- C04B2235/9607—Thermal properties, e.g. thermal expansion coefficient
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D2200/00—Materials; Production methods therefor
- F16D2200/0034—Materials; Production methods therefor non-metallic
- F16D2200/0052—Carbon
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D2200/00—Materials; Production methods therefor
- F16D2200/0082—Production methods therefor
- F16D2200/0086—Moulding materials together by application of heat and pressure
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Abstract
A method for preparing an automobile brake disc by short fiber die pressing is characterized in that a carbon-based automobile brake disc is prepared by adopting short carbon fiber prepreg through die pressing, and the density of the prepared automobile brake disc is more than or equal to 1.80g/cm by controlling the proportion of the short carbon fibers and phenolic resin and adopting a melt impregnation process3The automobile brake disc preform. Compared with the traditional CVI process and the resin impregnation-carbonization process, the chopped carbon fiber mould pressing process and the melting impregnation process quickly obtain the carbon fiber reinforced resin matrix composite material through a high-temperature pressing and curing process, then convert organic matters in the matrix into inorganic matters through a carbonization process to obtain the porous carbon matrix composite material, and finally permeate into the C/C composite material by utilizing the capillary force of molten silicon to generate the SiC ceramic matrix. Not only greatly shortens the preparation period (Table 1), but also has the characteristics of good toughness and strength, short production period and more excellent toughness and strength.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of manufacturing of carbon-based composite materials, in particular to a preparation method of an automobile carbon brake disc.
Background
The carbon-based brake material is a multiphase composite brake material which is developed in the 90 s of the 20 th century and takes high-strength carbon fibers as a reinforcement and pyrolytic carbon, modified powder and the like as matrixes, and a new generation of carbon/ceramic brake material developed in recent years has low density (about 2.0 g/cm)3) The material has the advantages of high friction factor, stable braking, corrosion resistance, oxidation resistance, high temperature resistance, long service life and the like, and also has higher static friction coefficient and better stability in braking performance under severe environments (moisture, mould, oil stain and the like).
The automobile brake disc is a structure/function integrated material, and has good frictional wear performance and thermal performance and sufficiently high mechanical performance. The braking process is a process of converting kinetic energy into heat energy and dissipating the heat energy by applying work to frictional resistance between pairs. For a brake disc, the friction force is the comprehensive result of mechanical action such as mutual meshing, collision and elastic-plastic deformation between the microprotrusions on the two friction surfaces, a furrow effect formed in sliding after the microprotrusions or hard points are embedded into the soft surfaces, and the action of molecular force on the two friction surfaces. Compared with an airplane brake pair, the automobile brake pair has different braking modes, frictional wear performance and opposite-grinding materials, namely the automobile brake pair is a caliper type brake, namely a brake disc and a brake pad are oppositely ground, and the friction area of the brake pad is only about 20% of the area of the brake disc; the carbon back car brake is vice to grind with other materials brake block for carbon back brake disc, requires that the wearing and tearing of brake disc are far less than the wearing and tearing of brake block. Therefore, compared with the severe requirements of the brake disc of the airplane, the brake disc of the automobile has lower requirements on cost and performance under the condition of ensuring safety.
At present, the mainstream methods for preparing carbon brake discs at home and abroad are a Chemical Vapor Infiltration (CVI) process and a resin impregnation-carbonization process. The two processes have the defects of low carbon deposition efficiency, easy surface incrustation, overlong production period, high process cost and the like. Patent No. 201510946901.4 entitled "an automobile brake pad and preparation method thereof" discloses a preparation method of an automobile brake pad, which adopts a mould pressing method to prepare a resin-based composite material brake pad, and has short preparation period, stable friction performance, complex formula, high wear rate and low mechanical property. Secondly, a paper "rapidly preparing different prefabricated C/C composite material tribology performance research" of the solid rocket technology, 2008 4 th 31 th curling chart describes a method for preparing a C/C composite material by using a rapid CVI process and using a short fiber molded felt as a prefabricated body. Compared with a carbon cloth laminated prefabricated body structure, the method improves the frictional wear performance of the material. But compared with the invention, the finished product of the C/C composite material has low density, long production period and low friction performance.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects in the technology for preparing the carbon brake disc by the traditional CVI process and the resin impregnation-carbonization process, the invention provides a method for preparing the automobile brake disc by short fiber mould pressing.
The specific process of the invention is as follows:
the modified ammonia phenolic resin is adopted, and consists of chopped carbon fibers and resin, wherein the chopped carbon fibers are as follows: 30-50% of resin: 50 to 70 percent of short carbon fiber prepreg is obtained. The proportion is mass percent.
The chopped carbon fibers are formed by mixing two carbon fibers with the lengths of 15mm and 30mm according to the proportion of 1: 1.
and when the short carbon fiber prepreg is dried, the drying temperature is 65-75 ℃, and the time is 2 h.
and pressing, curing and forming by adopting a stepped pressurization and stepped heating mode.
The specific process of the pressing, curing and forming comprises the following steps: the hydraulic machine applies pressure to an upper die in the die at an initial pressure of 2MPa, and simultaneously heats the die through a heating device, so that the temperature of the die is raised to 100 ℃ and then is kept for 1-3 h; after the heat preservation is finished, applying 4MPa of pressure to the upper die through a hydraulic machine, keeping the pressure, continuously heating to 120 ℃, and preserving heat for 1-3 hours; continuously keeping the pressure of 4MPa, continuously heating the die to 140 ℃, and then preserving heat for 1-3 h; increasing the pressure of the hydraulic press to 7.5MPa, continuously applying pressure to the upper die, continuously heating the die to 160 ℃, and preserving heat for 1-3 hours; keeping the pressure of the hydraulic press at 7.5MPa, continuously heating the die to 180 ℃, and preserving the heat for 1-3 h; and (3) keeping the pressure of the hydraulic press at 7.5MPa, naturally cooling the die to room temperature, and demolding to obtain a blank of the automobile brake disc. The heating rate of each step is 0.5 ℃/min.
and preparing a prefabricated product of the automobile brake disc through carbonization treatment.
Putting the blank body of the automobile brake disc into a liquid-phase impregnation carbonization furnace, vacuumizing to less than or equal to 1KPa, and heating; when the temperature of the liquid phase impregnation carbonization furnace is raised to 150 ℃ at the temperature raising rate of 75 ℃/h, preserving the temperature for 2 h; after the heat preservation is finished, the liquid-phase impregnation carbonization furnace is continuously heated to 900 ℃ at the heating rate of 15-30 ℃/h, and the heat preservation is carried out for 2 h. And after the heat preservation is finished, cooling the blank body of the automobile brake disc to room temperature along with the furnace, and discharging to obtain the prefabricated product of the automobile brake disc.
And 5, finishing.
And 6, densification:
and carrying out chemical treatment on the obtained prefabricated product of the automobile brake disc by adopting a melt infiltration method.
Uniformly spreading silicon powder on graphite paper in a graphite crucible; the adding amount of the silicon powder is determined according to the weight calculation of the prefabricated product of the automobile brake disc, and the weight of the silicon powder is 1.3-1.5 times of that of the prefabricated product of the automobile brake disc; the particle size of the silicon powder is 320 meshes.
The automotive brake disc preform with the added silicon powder was placed on the silicon powder and the silicon powder was brought to a 2mm gap with the automotive brake disc preform by means of a graphite paper shim placed on the silicon powder.
The method comprises the following steps of (1) overlapping a graphite crucible added with silicon powder and a prefabricated product of an automobile brake disc in a high-temperature vacuum furnace for silicon melting infiltration, wherein the method specifically comprises the following steps:
and vacuumizing the high-temperature vacuum furnace to be less than or equal to 1KPa, and keeping the vacuum for 12 hours, wherein the vacuum degree of the high-temperature vacuum furnace is less than or equal to 2 KPa. And heating the high-temperature vacuum furnace to the deposition temperature of 1600-1800 ℃, and preserving the heat for 1-4 h. And finishing the impregnation of the semi-finished product of the automobile brake disc after the heat preservation is finished.
And discharging the product out of the furnace after the dipping is finished, performing surface processing, weighing and measuring density. If the density of the semi-finished product of the automobile brake disc is less than or equal to 1.80g/cm3Repeating the processes of adding silicon powder and depositing in the step, and putting the semi-finished product of the automobile brake disc into the high-temperature vacuum furnace again for silicon melting infiltration until the density is more than or equal to 1.80g/cm3The semi-finished product of the automobile brake disc.
Step 7, heat treatment:
and (3) placing the semi-finished product of the automobile brake disc into a heat treatment furnace for heat treatment. The specific process of the heat treatment is that the temperature is increased when the heat treatment furnace is vacuumized to less than or equal to 1 KPa; when the temperature is raised to 1000 ℃, Ar is filled for protection; and continuously heating to 1600-2000 ℃, and preserving the heat for 1-4 h.
The invention provides a preparation method of a carbon brake disc with short production period and more excellent mechanical properties.
The CVI process adopted in the prior art is to carry out heat treatment on porous preforms such as carbon fibers and the like, then put the preforms into a chemical vapor deposition furnace, introduce carbon source gas at a certain temperature and pressure for cracking, and continuously deposit the generated carbon into pores of the preforms to gradually densify the preforms, but has the defects of low carbon deposition efficiency, easy surface crusting and overlong production period. In order to further increase the bulk density of the green body, the resin impregnation-carbonization process needs to be repeatedly densified, which results in a significant increase in the cost of the subsequent process.
The carbon-based automobile brake disc is prepared by compression molding of the short carbon fiber prepreg, and the density of the carbon-based automobile brake disc is more than or equal to 1.80g/cm by controlling the proportion of the short carbon fiber and the phenolic resin and adopting a melt impregnation process3The automobile brake disc preform. Compared with the traditional CVI process and the resin impregnation-carbonization process, the chopped carbon fiber mould pressing process and the melting impregnation process quickly obtain the carbon fiber reinforced resin matrix composite material through a high-temperature pressing and curing process, then convert organic matters in the matrix into inorganic matters through a carbonization process to obtain the porous carbon matrix composite material, and finally permeate into the C/C composite material by utilizing the capillary force of molten silicon to generate the SiC ceramic matrix. Not only the preparation period is greatly shortened (table 1), but also the composite material has good toughness and strength. In addition, when the content of the phenolic resin is higher, the density of the C/C composite material is low due to higher porosity, and when the content of the chopped carbon fibers is higher, the carbon fibers are easily distributed unevenly in the pressing process, so that the mechanical properties, particularly the bending strength, of the C/C composite material are lower, which is shown in Table 2.
TABLE 1 preparation periods of the different processes
TABLE 2 Properties of different mass ratio samples
Meanwhile, the curing process is determined by performing differential thermal analysis on the phenolic resin. In the curing process, if the curing temperature is too low, the time required for curing the resin is long, or the curing is incomplete, so that the carbon residue rate of the phenolic resin is reduced. The curing temperature is too high, the fluidity of the resin is too high, and the content of the resin cannot be ensured. Therefore, the curing temperature rise curve of the phenolic resin is determined according to the resin differential thermal curve: the method comprises the steps of preparing a sample, and preparing a blank by pressing the sample, wherein the temperature of the sample is 60 ℃ → 100 → 120 → 140 → 160 → 180 ℃, and the step-by-step temperature rise and step-by-step pressure boost are carried out to ensure that the sample is not loosened in the pressing process. In addition, the phenomenon of organic matter volatilization can occur in the carbonization process, and in order to control the volatilization rate of the organic matter, the temperature rise rate of 15 ℃/h is adopted for slow carbonization, so that the cracking of the sample caused by the violent volatilization of the organic matter in the sample due to the excessively fast temperature rise rate is avoided.
When the sample is subjected to a friction wear test on an MM1000-II type friction wear testing machine, when the brake pressure is 0.8MPa, the rotating speed is 8579r/min, and the inertia is 0.210Kgm2The radius of the sample is 33mm, and the friction area is 2220 mm2The braking times are 90 times, the braking curve is stable, and the friction surface of the sample is smooth. The simulated brake test result shows that: (1) after 90 times of high-speed running brake, the average friction coefficient values of the mass ratios of the chopped carbon fibers to the phenolic resin are respectively 0.355, 0.337, 0.313, 0.284 and 0.253, which is shown in Table 3; (2) the average friction coefficient increases with increasing carbon fiber content, while the wear rate increases; (3) the mass ratio of the chopped carbon fibers to the phenolic resin is 40%: when the friction coefficient is 60%, the friction coefficient and the wear rate of the composite material are moderate, and the mechanical property is optimal.
TABLE 3 average coefficient of friction and wear rate for samples of different mass ratios
| Examples | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
| Average coefficient of friction | 0.355 | 0.337 | 0.313 | 0.284 | 0.253 |
| Rate of wear | 0.007 mm/time flour | 0.006 mm/time flour | 0.005 mm/time flour | 0.004 mm/time flour | 0.004 mm/time flour |
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a cure molding process curve;
FIG. 2 is a graph of a carbonization process;
FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of a melt impregnation process preparation;
fig. 4 is a flow chart of the present invention.
In the figure: 1. graphite paper; 2. a green body; 3. a graphite crucible; 4. silicon powder; 5. graphite paper gaskets.
Detailed Description
The invention relates to a method for preparing an automobile brake disc by short fiber die pressing, and a specific technical scheme is described in detail through 5 embodiments. The specific process of the embodiments is the same.
The specific process of the invention is as follows:
The modified ammonia phenolic resin is adopted, and consists of chopped carbon fibers and resin, wherein the chopped carbon fibers are as follows: 30-50% of resin: 50 to 70 percent of short carbon fiber prepreg is obtained. The chopped carbon fibers are formed by mixing two carbon fibers with the lengths of 15mm and 30mm according to the proportion of 1: 1.
The proportion is mass percent.
The lengths of the chopped carbon fibers in the prepreg are 15mm and 30mm, and the chopped carbon fibers are mixed according to the proportion of 1: 1.
And 2, drying.
And uniformly dispersing the mixed short carbon fiber prepreg on a material tray for drying, wherein the drying temperature is 65-75 ℃, and the drying time is 2 hours.
And 3, pressing, curing and forming.
Pressing and curing the dried chopped carbon fiber prepreg by a 500-ton hydraulic press to form a blank body 2 of the automobile brake disc, specifically, preheating a mould of the automobile brake disc to 65 ℃, and uniformly brushing a layer of cleaning agent on the inner surfaces of an upper mould, a middle mould and a lower mould of the mould; and coating a layer of release agent on the surface of the cleaning agent. The mould for pressing, curing and forming adopts the prior art and comprises an upper mould, a middle mould and a lower mould.
And uniformly spreading the dried chopped carbon fiber prepreg in a mold cavity.
And (3) closing the upper die, the middle die and the lower die, and then performing compression curing molding by adopting a stepped pressurization and stepped temperature rise mode.
The specific process of the pressing, curing and forming comprises the following steps:
the hydraulic machine applies pressure to an upper die in the die at an initial pressure of 2MPa, and simultaneously heats the die through a heating device, so that the temperature of the die is raised to 100 ℃ and then is kept for 1-3 h; after the heat preservation is finished, applying 4MPa of pressure to the upper die through a hydraulic machine, keeping the pressure, continuously heating to 120 ℃, and preserving heat for 1-3 hours; continuously keeping the pressure of 4MPa, continuously heating the die to 140 ℃, and then preserving heat for 1-3 h; increasing the pressure of the hydraulic press to 7.5MPa, continuously applying pressure to the upper die, continuously heating the die to 160 ℃, and preserving heat for 1-3 hours; keeping the pressure of the hydraulic press at 7.5MPa, continuously heating the die to 180 ℃, and preserving the heat for 1-3 h; and (3) keeping the pressure of the hydraulic press at 7.5MPa, naturally cooling the die to room temperature, and demolding to obtain the blank body 2 of the automobile brake disc. The heating rate of each step is 0.5 ℃/min.
And obtaining the prefabricated product of the automobile brake disc through carbonization treatment.
Placing the blank body 2 of the automobile brake disc into a liquid-phase impregnation carbonization furnace, vacuumizing to less than or equal to 1KPa, and heating; when the temperature of the liquid phase impregnation carbonization furnace is raised to 150 ℃ at the temperature raising rate of 75 ℃/h, preserving the temperature for 2 h; after the heat preservation is finished, the liquid-phase impregnation carbonization furnace is continuously heated to 900 ℃ at the heating rate of 15-30 ℃/h, and the heat preservation is carried out for 2 h. And after the heat preservation is finished, cooling the blank body of the automobile brake disc to room temperature along with the furnace, and discharging to obtain the prefabricated product of the automobile brake disc.
And 5, finishing.
And (4) machining the semi-finished carbon brake disc according to the requirement of a product drawing to obtain a finished automobile brake disc prefabricated product.
And 6, densifying.
A layer of graphite paper 1 is laid in a graphite crucible 3, and the graphite paper covers the bottom surface and the inner side surface in the graphite crucible. Uniformly adding and spreading silicon powder 4 in the graphite crucible, placing the automobile brake disc prefabricated product added with the silicon powder on the graphite paper gasket 5, and enabling a gap of 2mm to be formed between the silicon powder and the automobile brake disc prefabricated product. Stacking a plurality of graphite crucibles filled with silicon powder and semi-finished automobile brake discs in a high-temperature vacuum furnace for silicon melting infiltration, which comprises the following steps:
and vacuumizing the high-temperature vacuum furnace to be less than or equal to 1KPa, and keeping the vacuum for 12 hours, wherein the vacuum degree of the high-temperature vacuum furnace is less than or equal to 2 KPa. And heating the high-temperature vacuum furnace to the deposition temperature of 1600-1800 ℃, and preserving the heat for 1-4 h. And finishing the impregnation of the semi-finished product of the automobile brake disc after the heat preservation is finished.
And discharging the automobile brake disc after the dipping, performing surface processing on the dipped semi-finished automobile brake disc by adopting a conventional machining method, weighing and measuring density. If the density of the semi-finished product of the automobile brake disc is less than or equal to 1.80g/cm3Repeating the processes of adding silicon powder and depositing in the step, and putting the semi-finished product of the automobile brake disc into the high-temperature vacuum furnace again for silicon melting infiltration until the density is more than or equal to 1.80g/cm3The semi-finished product of the automobile brake disc.
The adding amount of the silicon powder is determined according to the weight calculation of the prefabricated product of the automobile brake disc, and the weight of the silicon powder is 1.3-1.5 times of that of the prefabricated product of the automobile brake disc; the particle size of the silicon powder is 320 meshes.
And 7, carrying out heat treatment.
And (3) placing the semi-finished product of the automobile brake disc into a heat treatment furnace for heat treatment. The specific process of the heat treatment is that the temperature is increased when the heat treatment furnace is vacuumized to less than or equal to 1 KPa; when the temperature is raised to 1000 ℃, Ar is filled for protection; and continuously heating to 1600-2000 ℃, and preserving the heat for 1-4 h.
The process parameters of each example are as follows:
Claims (3)
1. a method for preparing an automobile brake disc by short fiber die pressing is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
step 1, mixing materials:
the modified ammonia phenolic resin is adopted, and consists of chopped carbon fibers and resin, wherein the chopped carbon fibers are as follows: 30-50% of resin: 50% -70% to obtain chopped carbon fiber prepreg; the proportion is mass percent;
step 2, drying;
step 3, pressing, curing and forming:
pressing, curing and molding in a stepped pressurizing and stepped heating mode;
the specific process of the pressing, curing and forming comprises the following steps: the hydraulic machine applies pressure to an upper die in the die at an initial pressure of 2MPa, and simultaneously heats the die through a heating device, so that the temperature of the die is raised to 100 ℃ and then is kept for 1-3 h; after the heat preservation is finished, applying 4MPa of pressure to the upper die through a hydraulic machine, keeping the pressure, continuously heating to 120 ℃, and preserving heat for 1-3 hours; continuously keeping the pressure of 4MPa, continuously heating the die to 140 ℃, and then preserving heat for 1-3 h; increasing the pressure of the hydraulic press to 7.5MPa, continuously applying pressure to the upper die, continuously heating the die to 160 ℃, and preserving heat for 1-3 hours; keeping the pressure of the hydraulic press at 7.5MPa, continuously heating the die to 180 ℃, and preserving the heat for 1-3 h; keeping the pressure of the hydraulic press at 7.5MPa, naturally cooling the die to room temperature, and demolding to obtain a blank body of the automobile brake disc; the heating rate of each step is 0.5 ℃/min;
and 4, carbonizing treatment:
preparing a prefabricated product of the automobile brake disc through carbonization treatment;
putting the blank body of the automobile brake disc into a liquid-phase impregnation carbonization furnace, vacuumizing to less than or equal to 1KPa, and heating; when the temperature of the liquid phase impregnation carbonization furnace is raised to 150 ℃ at the temperature raising rate of 75 ℃/h, preserving the temperature for 2 h; after the heat preservation is finished, continuously heating the liquid-phase impregnation carbonization furnace to 900 ℃ at the heating rate of 15-30 ℃/h, and preserving the heat for 2 h; after the heat preservation is finished, cooling the blank body of the automobile brake disc to room temperature along with the furnace, and discharging to obtain a prefabricated product of the automobile brake disc;
step 5, fine processing;
and 6, densification:
carrying out densification treatment on the obtained prefabricated product of the automobile brake disc by adopting a melting infiltration method;
uniformly spreading silicon powder on graphite paper in a graphite crucible; the adding amount of the silicon powder is determined according to the weight calculation of the prefabricated product of the automobile brake disc, and the weight of the silicon powder is 1.3-1.5 times of that of the prefabricated product of the automobile brake disc; the granularity of the silicon powder is 320 meshes;
laying a layer of graphite paper in a graphite crucible, enabling the graphite paper to cover the bottom surface and the inner side surface in the graphite crucible, uniformly adding and laying silicon powder in the graphite crucible, and placing an automobile brake disc prefabricated product added with the silicon powder on a graphite paper gasket placed on the silicon powder to enable the silicon powder and the automobile brake disc prefabricated product to form a gap of 2 mm; stacking a plurality of graphite crucibles filled with silicon powder and semi-finished automobile brake discs in a high-temperature vacuum furnace for silicon melting infiltration, which comprises the following steps:
vacuumizing the high-temperature vacuum furnace to be less than or equal to 1KPa, and keeping the vacuum for 12 hours, wherein the vacuum degree of the high-temperature vacuum furnace is less than or equal to 2 KPa; heating the high-temperature vacuum furnace to a deposition temperature of 1600-1800 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 1-4 h; finishing the impregnation of the semi-finished product of the automobile brake disc after the heat preservation is finished;
discharging after the dipping is finished, performing surface processing, weighing and measuring density; if the density of the semi-finished product of the automobile brake disc is less than or equal to 1.80g/cm3Repeating the processes of adding silicon powder and depositing in the step, and putting the semi-finished product of the automobile brake disc into the high-temperature vacuum furnace again for silicon melting infiltration until the density is more than or equal to 1.80g/cm3The semi-finished product of the automobile brake disc;
step 7, heat treatment:
placing the semi-finished product of the automobile brake disc into a heat treatment furnace for heat treatment; the specific process of the heat treatment is that the temperature is increased when the heat treatment furnace is vacuumized to less than or equal to 1 KPa; when the temperature is raised to 1000 ℃, Ar is filled for protection; and continuously heating to 1600-2000 ℃, and preserving the heat for 1-4 h.
2. The method for preparing the automobile brake disc by short fiber die pressing according to claim 1, wherein the drying temperature is 65-75 ℃ and the time is 2 hours when the short carbon fiber prepreg is dried.
3. The method for preparing the brake disc of the automobile by molding the short fibers according to claim 1, wherein the short carbon fibers are prepared by mixing two carbon fibers with the lengths of 15mm and 30mm in a ratio of 1: 1.
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| CN109279899A (en) * | 2018-10-23 | 2019-01-29 | 山东宝纳新材料有限公司 | Carbon/carbide composite ceramic preparation method, its carbon/carbide composite ceramic, application and brake disc obtained |
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| CN109483691A (en) * | 2018-12-11 | 2019-03-19 | 重庆市好人红机械有限公司 | Brake disc manufacturing method |
| CN110131343B (en) * | 2019-06-05 | 2021-02-02 | 西安航空制动科技有限公司 | Preparation method of automobile brake disc |
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| CN113548902A (en) * | 2021-08-27 | 2021-10-26 | 北京理工大学 | Preparation method of carbon fiber reinforced silicon carbide brake disc |
| CN114773081A (en) * | 2022-05-20 | 2022-07-22 | 龚汝涛 | Preparation method of automobile brake disc |
| CN114940615A (en) * | 2022-06-06 | 2022-08-26 | 安徽飞鹰汽车零部件股份有限公司 | Nano modified porous filler disc type brake pad and preparation method thereof |
| CN116136067B (en) * | 2022-12-29 | 2023-07-18 | 杭州幄肯新材料科技有限公司 | Preparation method of carbon ceramic brake disc |
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| CN117362723B (en) * | 2023-10-27 | 2024-04-30 | 浙江万赛汽车零部件股份有限公司 | Preparation process of prepreg for carbon/carbon brake disc |
| CN117962432A (en) * | 2023-12-26 | 2024-05-03 | 深圳市佰斯倍新材料科技有限公司 | High-strength high-toughness carbon ceramic brake disc and preparation method thereof |
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