CN114456804B - 一种红光碳点及胶束的制备方法及应用 - Google Patents

一种红光碳点及胶束的制备方法及应用 Download PDF

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CN114456804B
CN114456804B CN202210076585.XA CN202210076585A CN114456804B CN 114456804 B CN114456804 B CN 114456804B CN 202210076585 A CN202210076585 A CN 202210076585A CN 114456804 B CN114456804 B CN 114456804B
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吴富根
王梓豪
佘聪
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种红光碳点及胶束的制备方法及应用。该红光碳点由3‑氨基苯硼酸通过无溶剂碳化方法制得。该碳点具有合成工艺简单、长波长荧光发射、良好的光稳定性、大斯托克斯位移、激发波长不依赖和溶剂极性依赖的荧光发射、以及生物安全性好等性质,可实现高质量的活细胞脂滴免清洗成像。此外,该碳点还可以用于监测活细胞中脂滴的动态变化和脂滴自噬行为。

Description

一种红光碳点及胶束的制备方法及应用
技术领域
本发明涉及碳点及胶束的制备方法及应用,特别涉及一种红光碳点及胶束的制备方法及应用。
背景技术
脂滴(LDs)是细胞内中性脂质(neutral lipids)的主要贮存场所,几乎存在于所有真核细胞中。脂滴的核心是由中性脂质组成,核心外有一层单层磷脂分子及各种蛋白。作为细胞内脂质储存和运输的高度动态的细胞器,脂滴可以与其他细胞器如内质网、高尔基体和线粒体等进行物质交换。因此,脂滴与许多生理过程相关,如脂质代谢、蛋白质降解、膜形成、能量储存和信号转导等。此外,脂滴的形成还与许多人类代谢疾病有关,如动脉粥样硬化、2型糖尿病、肥胖、脂肪肝以及炎症等。由于癌细胞可以利用脂肪细胞中的脂质来支持其增殖、侵袭和转移,脂质代谢已被研究人员用作癌症治疗的靶点。由于脂滴对细胞生理过程及很多疾病的重要影响,监控活细胞中脂滴的数量及行为至关重要。荧光成像技术具有操作简单、对细胞损伤小和可实时检测等优点,为细胞器的可视化提供了一种理想便捷的方法。研究人员已经发现多种染料可以用于脂滴的染色,包括BODIPY类染料、尼罗红和油红O。但是,这些染料往往需要复杂的有机合成,并且价格昂贵,提高了脂滴的相关研究成本。并且这些染料也存在许多不足,例如,BODIPY类染料斯托克斯位移小,可能导致自吸收,在荧光显微镜下观察容易串色;尼罗红的脂滴靶向特异性较差,容易同时染其他细胞器,从而造成对结果的准确判断;而油红O分子由于没有荧光,因此只能在明场下观察,并且油红O对脂滴染色前需要先将细胞进行固定处理,这不但增加了实验操作步骤,而且固定操作使细胞死亡,从而无法实现活细胞中脂滴的动态示踪。因此,开发一种制备简单、斯托克斯位移大、脂滴染色特异性高以及可实现脂滴动态监测的新型脂滴荧光探针,以用于研究脂滴的数量、形态和动态变化是非常必要的。
碳点作为一种新型的具有光致发光性质的纳米材料,在生物荧光成像领域已经获得了许多关注。但是,大多数被报道的碳点的发射波长都集中在蓝色到橙色范围。这些碳点发射波长短(与细胞内的自发荧光有干扰)且细胞及组织穿透深度小,限制了其在生物成像领域的应用。此外,有许多被报道的碳点的发射光谱具有激发波长依赖性,这可能导致碳点的荧光光谱与其他荧光探针的荧光光谱发生重叠从而导致荧光串色。已有研究人员开发出了一些具有脂滴靶向性质的碳点。例如,Gao等人以邻苯二胺和硫脲为原材料使用溶剂热合成法制备出具有脂滴靶向能力的碳点,并实现了对活细胞中脂滴相关生理过程的实时监控以及斑马鱼脂肪肝的诊断和富脂组织的可视化(Chem.Eng.J.,2021,415,128984.)。Liu等人以邻苯二胺为原材料通过水热合成法制备出具有脂滴靶向能力的碳点,并用于评估常用降脂药物阿托伐他汀对肝细胞脂质摄取的影响(Anal.Chem.,2021,93,5284.)。但是,这些碳点仍存在诸如发射波长较短、需要多次清洗、非特异性LD靶向或制备/纯化步骤复杂等问题。因此,开发长波长发射、可实现免清洗荧光染色、制备简单以及脂滴靶向效果好的新型荧光碳点具有重要的应用前景。
发明内容
发明目的:本发明目的是提供一种红光碳点及胶束的制备方法及用途。
技术方案:本发明红光碳点的制备方法,以3-氨基苯硼酸为原料,通过无溶剂碳化方法并纯化处理制备得到。
进一步地,碳化温度为200~240℃,碳化时间为10~30h。纯化处理是通过去离子水清洗,并在40~100℃烘箱中干燥。
制备得到的红光碳点在细胞脂滴成像中的应用。
基于红光碳点的脂滴靶向胶束的制备方法,由两亲性高分子与红光碳点分散于有机溶剂中制得。
进一步地,由两亲性高分子分别为Pluronic F-127(缩写PF-127)和1,2-二硬脂酰-sn-甘油-3-磷酸乙醇胺-N-[甲氧基(聚乙二醇)-2000](缩写DPO)。
制备得到的胶束在细胞脂滴成像中的应用。
优选的,其中所述PF-127或DPO和红光碳点的质量比为10∶1。
本发明所述的制备方法采用3-氨基苯硼酸为原料,通过无溶剂碳化方法(热解法)制备出一种红光碳点,该红光碳点具有脂滴特异性靶向能力、低极性环境增强的荧光发射性质,因此可实现脂滴特异性免清洗荧光成像、跟踪细胞中脂滴的动态变化以及监测脂滴自噬行为。此外,采用两种两亲性高分子(PF-127和DPO)分别包裹红光碳点形成胶束,不但可以增强其水分散性,而且该胶束仍能实现优异的脂滴染色。
有益效果:本发明与享有技术相比,具有如下优势:
(1)低成本:该碳点的原材料仅包含市面上廉价的3-氨基苯硼酸,且制备和纯化工艺所涉及的仪器设备均非精密昂贵大型仪器;
(2)优异的脂滴靶向性能:该碳点能迅速被细胞内吞并特异性靶向脂滴,无需在碳点表面引入脂滴靶向结构,还可以实现细胞中脂滴的动态变化和脂滴自噬行为的监测;
(3)优异的光学性能:该碳点具有红色荧光发射,大的斯托克斯位移以及激发波长不依赖的荧光发射,这些特点有效避免了荧光发射的干扰,从而显著提升了荧光成像效果;
(4)免清洗细胞脂滴染色:该碳点具有溶剂极性依赖的荧光发射性质(即该碳点在低极性溶剂中荧光发射大大增强),因此可以实现细胞中脂滴的免清洗成像;
(5)生物相容性高:该碳点具有优异的生物安全性,不会影响细胞活性;
(6)合成工艺简单:仅需要简单的干粉加热,再用去离子水清洗并加热干燥即可制备纯化后的碳点,该合成过程不需要复杂的透析、柱层析纯化等步骤,适合大规模生产。
附图说明
图1是本发明的红光碳点及含红光碳点的高分子胶束的制备示意图;
图2是本发明的红光碳点的透射电子显微镜图;
图3是本发明的红光碳点在不同激发波长下的荧光光谱图;
图4是本发明的红光碳点与商品化染料BODIPY 495/503对A549(人非小细胞肺癌细胞)细胞进行共染的共聚焦荧光成像图;
图5是本发明的方法制得的PF-127/红光碳点和DPO/红光碳点的透射电子显微镜图;
图6是本发明制得的PF-127/红光碳点或DPO/红光碳点与商品化染料BODIPY495/503对A549细胞进行共染的共聚焦荧光成像图。
具体实施方式
实施例1
本实施例的红光碳点的制备步骤具体如下:
(1)称取1g 3-氨基苯硼酸固体粉末加入到10mL聚四氟乙烯内衬中,将内衬放入与之匹配的高压反应釜中;
(2)反应:将该高压釜密封并在220℃的烘箱中反应20h后拿出至室温自然冷却;
(3)纯化:将产物用去离子水洗涤三次以去除杂质,随后将得到的固体放置在60℃的烘箱中干燥过夜得到最终产物(即红光碳点),保存在4℃冰箱中。
上述方法所得红光碳点在乙醇溶剂中分散后拍摄得到的透射电子显微镜图片见图2。实验结果表明,该红光碳点的粒径为6.9nm。上述方法所得红光碳点在二甲基亚砜溶剂中分散后,在不同激发波长下的荧光发射光谱图见图3,实验结果表明,该红光碳点能够发出红色荧光,且具有激发波长不依赖的发射特性。
实施例2
测试实施例1中所制备的红光碳点对A549细胞脂滴的成像效果,方法如下:
(1)细胞培养:将A549细胞以5×104个/mL的密度(100μL)种于96孔板中,于37℃、5%CO2环境中培养24h;
(2)细胞染色:使用磷酸盐缓冲液(PBS)洗涤三次,加入含有20μg/mL红光碳点和商品化脂滴荧光染料BODIPY 493/503(1μg/mL)的100μLPBS孵育15min,用PBS洗涤细胞3次;
(3)共聚焦荧光显微镜成像观察:使用激光共聚焦荧光显微镜,在552nm激光(红光碳点)和488nm激光(BODIPY 493/503)的激发下拍摄共聚焦荧光图像。
上述方法所观察到的红光碳点和BODIPY 493/503共染后的细胞共聚焦荧光成像结果如图4所示,实验结果表明红光碳点点亮的区域为脂滴,且其染色区域与商品化脂滴染料BODIPY 493/503高度共定位。
实施例3
本实施例的基于红光碳点的胶束的制备,其具体步骤如下:
(1)制备:将20mg PF-127或DPO和2mg红光碳点一起分散在0.5mL二氯甲烷中,并使用氮气干燥;
(2)纯化:将上述获得的样品在室温下在真空干燥箱中干燥1h以上;
(3)重悬:向每个干燥后的样品中加入1mL去离子水,并将所得悬浮液在25℃下超声处理30min,即制备得到基于红光碳点的脂滴特异性靶向的胶束(即“PF-127/红光碳点”和“DPO/红光碳点”)。
上述方法所得基于红光碳点的脂滴特异性靶向的胶束的透射电子显微镜图片见图5。结果表明,该基于红光碳点的胶束具有很好的水分散性,且粒径均一,其中“PF-127/红光碳点”粒径为大约44nm,“DPO/红光碳点”粒径为大约42nm。
实施例4
测试实施例3中所制备的基于红光碳点的胶束对A549细胞的脂滴成像效果,方法与实施例2基本相同,只需要将红光碳点换成PF-127/红光碳点或DPO/红光碳点即可。相关共聚焦荧光成像结果如图6所示。结果表明,PF-127/红光碳点或DPO/红光碳点均能很好地靶向细胞中的脂滴。

Claims (7)

1.一种红光碳点的制备方法,其特征在于:以3-氨基苯硼酸为原料,通过无溶剂碳化方法并纯化处理制备得到。
2.根据权利要求1所述的红光碳点的制备方法,其特征在于:碳化温度为200~240 ℃,碳化时间为10~30 h。
3.根据权利要求1所述的红光碳点的制备方法,其特征在于:纯化处理是通过去离子水清洗,并在40~100 ℃烘箱中干燥。
4.权利要求1-3任一项制备得到的红光碳点在细胞脂滴成像中的应用。
5.一种基于红光碳点的脂滴靶向胶束的制备方法,其特征在于:由两亲性高分子与以3-氨基苯硼酸为原料,通过无溶剂碳化方法并纯化处理制备得到的红光碳点分散于有机溶剂中制得。
6.根据权利要求5所述的基于红光碳点的脂滴靶向胶束的制备方法,其特征在于:两亲性高分子为Pluronic F-127或1,2-二硬脂酰-sn-甘油-3-磷酸乙醇胺-N-[甲氧基(聚乙二醇)-2000]。
7.权利要求5或6制备得到的胶束在细胞脂滴成像中的应用。
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