CN114453993A

CN114453993A - Multi-station synchronous rapid forming method and device for revolving body type parts

Info

Publication number: CN114453993A
Application number: CN202110402343.0A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 肖罡; 杨钦文; 仪传明; 孙卓; 高彬
Original assignee: Jiangxi College of Application Science and Technology
Current assignee: Jiangxi College of Application Science and Technology
Priority date: 2021-04-14
Filing date: 2021-04-14
Publication date: 2022-05-10

Abstract

The invention discloses a multi-station synchronous rapid forming device for revolving body parts, which comprises a base, a rotary workbench, a portal frame, an additive module and a grinding material reducing module, wherein the rotary workbench and the portal frame are arranged on the base, the additive module and the grinding material reducing module are arranged on the portal frame and are positioned above the rotary workbench, the multi-station synchronous rapid forming device also comprises a laser material reducing module, a connecting bearing and a driving motor, the laser material reducing module is used for reducing the material of the side surface of a workpiece, a revolving hole is formed in the upper surface of the base, a circular boss is arranged on the circumferential outer side of the revolving hole, the rotary workbench comprises an upper circular table cover and a lower revolving rod vertically connected below the upper circular table cover, the upper circular table cover is arranged on the circular boss, and the lower revolving rod is inserted into the revolving hole and is driven to rotate by the driving motor so as to drive the upper circular table cover to rotate. The invention has compact structure, various processing modes and flexibility.

Description

Multi-station synchronous rapid forming method and device for revolving body type parts

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of desktop type laser material increasing/decreasing processing equipment, in particular to a multi-station synchronous rapid forming method and device for revolving body type parts.

Background

With the rapid development of the economic system in China, the usage amount of the revolving body type parts serving as the important foundation for the development of the mechanical industry (from daily life to aviation, aerospace, navigation and national defense industries) is gradually increased year by year. From the perspective of specific processing techniques and methods: the method has the advantages that the precision of material reduction machining is high, but the energy consumption, the time consumption and the material consumption degree are also high, and the yield is low when the thin-wall part is machined; secondly, the efficiency of material processing is high, the energy consumption is low, the loss of raw materials is low, but the blank preparation process is complex, the design and manufacturing cost of the die is high, and the small-batch customized service requirement of a special structure is difficult to meet; the material increase manufacturing technology can meet a large number of special requirements of part machining, efficient forming of complex structures can be completed, and the problems of machining precision and machining surface quality are still difficult to solve. Therefore, the material increasing/reducing composite manufacturing technology is developed to meet the comprehensive requirements of high efficiency, high precision, low loss, low cost, high flexibility and the like in the forming process of the complex revolving body component.

The existing desktop type material increasing/reducing composite manufacturing equipment is often divided into two independent links by material increasing and material reducing processing. Although the clamping frequency of parts can be reduced, the processing flow can be shortened, and the processing precision and efficiency can be improved, the problem of interference between two processing procedures of material increase and material reduction is avoided to a certain extent. However, this causes the overall size of the equipment to be too large, a higher proportion of the total energy consumption and the total time consumption of the machining is lost in the reciprocating conversion link of the stations, and it is also difficult to realize the precise machining of the inner wall of the component with a large axial size and the surfaces of the inner and outer walls of the complex component with a non-linear change characteristic of the radius of the revolving body.

The existing desktop type material increasing/reducing composite manufacturing equipment is not considered enough in the aspects of isolating atmosphere and environmental protection in the material processing process, isolating protection for operators and the like. Under the development demand of the comprehensiveness of the current, the adaptability of the equipment in the aspect of diversified material processing is indispensable. However, in the additive processing link, the engineering materials mainly represented by metal are easily oxidized at high temperature in the atmospheric environment, and the forming quality of the parts is fatally damaged; in the material reducing processing link, high-temperature scraps splashed at high speed easily threaten the safety of operators. Thus, there is a need for an effective low cost solution.

A particular consideration is also the production of a large amount of fine swarf during the machining process of the additive/subtractive composite material during cutting or grinding. If a complex transmission system comprising the multi-station composite manufacturing equipment is not subjected to targeted sealing design, a large amount of scraps are easy to adsorb, accumulate and block the meshing parts among transmission parts along with lubricating oil, so that severe abrasion is caused, the transmission and machining precision is reduced, the service life of key precision parts and equipment is shortened, and the maintenance cost is increased.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a multi-station synchronous rapid forming method and a device for revolving body parts. The device compact structure, size are moderate be convenient for remove, and the processing mode is various and nimble variable, and rationally distributed can realize that increase/subtract material multistation synchronous processing mutually noninterfere, has fully considered the reliability and the security problem of transmission system operation overall process and increase/subtract material processing overall process.

In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

a multi-station synchronous rapid forming method for revolving body type parts comprises the following steps:

placing a workpiece on a rotary workbench, starting a material increase module to emit laser to generate a molten pool on the surface of the workpiece, sending raw materials to the position below the material increase module by a feeding mechanism, melting the raw materials at the molten pool under the action of the laser and solidifying the molten materials on the workpiece, starting a grinding material reduction module to synchronously perform material reduction processing on the side surface of the solidified workpiece, changing the relative positions of the workpiece on the rotary workbench, the material increase module and the grinding material reduction module according to preset requirements, moving the material increase module upwards after a preset thickness layer is reached, and starting material increase processing of the next thickness layer;

the change of the relative positions of the workpiece on the rotary worktable and the material adding module and the material grinding and reducing module according to the preset requirement comprises any one or more of the following modes:

mode A: starting a driving motor to drive a rotary worktable;

mode B: starting a first motor of a horizontal driving device in the cross beam to drive a horizontal ball screw to rotate, wherein the horizontal ball screw drives an additive module and/or a grinding material reducing module to move along the horizontal direction;

the material reducing machining specifically comprises: rotating the small grinding wheel of the grinding material reduction module until the small grinding wheel is attached to the side face of the workpiece to grind the side face of the workpiece; and

and adjusting the laser emission direction of the laser material reducing module, and starting the laser material reducing module to emit laser to reduce the material on the side surface of the workpiece.

As a further improvement to the above technical solution:

the specific steps of moving the additive module upwards comprise: and a second motor of the vertical driving device is started to drive the vertical ball screw to rotate, and the vertical ball screw drives the cross beam to move upwards.

As a general inventive concept, the invention also provides a multi-station synchronous rapid forming device for revolving body type parts, which comprises a base, a rotary workbench, a portal frame, an additive module and a grinding material reducing module, wherein the rotary workbench and the portal frame are arranged on the base, the additive module and the grinding material reducing module are arranged on the portal frame and are positioned above the rotary workbench, the additive module performs additive machining on a solidified workpiece above the rotary workbench, and the grinding material reducing module performs grinding material reducing machining on the side surface of the workpiece;

the multi-station synchronous rapid forming device also comprises a laser material reducing module, and the laser material reducing module is arranged on the portal frame and is used for performing laser material reducing processing on the side surface of the workpiece;

the multi-station synchronous rapid forming device further comprises a connecting bearing and a driving motor, a rotary hole is formed in the upper surface of the base, a round boss is arranged on the periphery of the rotary hole to the outside, the rotary working table comprises an upper round table cover and a lower rotary rod vertically connected below the upper round table cover, the upper round table cover is arranged on the round boss, the lower rotary rod is inserted into the rotary hole, the outer wall of the lower rotary rod is arranged on the inner circle of the connecting bearing in a sleeved mode, the outer circle of the connecting bearing is connected with the side wall of the rotary hole in a matched mode, and the driving motor drives the lower rotary rod to rotate so as to drive the upper round table cover to rotate.

As a further improvement to the above technical solution:

the upper circular platform cover is characterized in that an upper half groove is circumferentially arranged on the lower bottom surface of the upper circular platform cover, a lower half groove is circumferentially arranged on the upper surface of the circular boss, the upper half groove and the lower half groove are matched to form a sliding track, and a plurality of balls are arranged in the sliding track.

The portal frame comprises a cross beam and upright columns located at two ends of the cross beam, the upright columns are located on two sides of the rotary worktable, the material increasing modules and the material grinding and reducing modules are installed on the cross beam, the cross beam can move up and down relative to the upright columns, and the material increasing modules and the material grinding and reducing modules can move horizontally relative to the cross beam.

The multi-station synchronous rapid forming device further comprises a horizontal driving device, the horizontal driving device is supported on the beam and used for driving the material adding module and the grinding material reducing module to move along the horizontal direction, the horizontal driving device comprises a first motor, a first supporting seat and a horizontal ball screw, the first motor is used for driving the horizontal ball screw to rotate, the horizontal ball screw is supported on the beam through the first supporting seat, and the material adding module and the grinding material reducing module are respectively connected with the horizontal ball screw.

The horizontal ball screw comprises a horizontal screw body and two horizontal screw nuts, the horizontal screw nuts are sleeved on the horizontal screw body and move horizontally along the horizontal screw body, and the material adding module and the grinding material reducing module are respectively connected with the two horizontal screw nuts.

The horizontal driving device further comprises a sleeve, the sleeve is sleeved on the horizontal screw nuts, and the material adding module and the grinding material reducing module are connected with the two horizontal screw nuts through the sleeve respectively.

The material adding module and the grinding material reducing module move along the horizontal direction under the driving of different horizontal driving devices.

The material adding module and the grinding material reducing module move along the horizontal direction under the drive of the same horizontal drive device.

The multi-station synchronous rapid forming device further comprises a vertical driving device, the vertical driving device is supported on the stand column and used for driving the cross beam to move up and down, the vertical driving device comprises a second motor, a second supporting seat and a vertical ball screw, the second motor is used for driving the vertical ball screw to rotate, and the vertical ball screw is supported on the stand column through the second supporting seat.

The vertical ball screw comprises a vertical screw body and a vertical screw nut, the vertical screw nut is sleeved on the vertical screw body and moves up and down along the vertical screw body, and the cross beam is connected with the vertical screw nut.

The grinding material reducing module comprises a small grinding wheel stand column, a small grinding wheel, a grinding wheel motor, a grinding wheel swing shaft and a grinding wheel swing column, wherein the small grinding wheel is located outside the small grinding wheel stand column and used for grinding a workpiece, the grinding wheel motor, the grinding wheel swing shaft and the grinding wheel swing column are located in the small grinding wheel stand column, the grinding wheel motor drives the grinding wheel swing shaft horizontally arranged to rotate so as to drive the small grinding wheel to swing, and the upper end and the lower end of the grinding wheel swing column are respectively connected with the grinding wheel swing shaft and the small grinding wheel.

The grinding material cutting module further comprises two conical gears which are in meshed transmission with each other, one of the conical gears is fixed on the grinding wheel swinging shaft, and the grinding wheel motor drives one of the conical gears to rotate so as to drive the grinding wheel swinging shaft to rotate.

The bottom of the small grinding wheel upright post is provided with a wedge-shaped groove.

The grinding material cutting module is detachably connected with the cross beam.

And two ends of the grinding wheel swing shaft are fixed on the inner side wall of the small grinding wheel upright post.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:

1. the invention has compact structural layout, safety, reliability, simple and convenient operation and environmental protection; the integral desktop design is adopted, so that the occupied space is very limited, and the carrying and the moving are convenient; the processing method has the performance characteristics of compatibility in processing various materials (such as resin, metal and composite materials thereof) and various processing modes; can realize the high-efficiency near-net forming of various types of revolving body parts with complex structures within the size permission range, and is expected to be popularized and popularized in the application environments of civil life appliances (such as novel environment-friendly degradable organic material containers, tableware, children toys and the like), industrial small-batch and special customized precise part manufacturing and the like.

2. According to the invention, through the circular motion executed by the rotary worktable and the reasonable matching of the axial angle adjustment of the processing tool in the grinding material reducing module, the material increasing module and the grinding material reducing module only need to horizontally move on the cross beam for a short distance (the two modules can execute synchronous linkage and can also execute respective independent motion, and the relative motion mode is very flexible), and the real-time synchronous processing of material increasing and material reducing stations (the two stations keep the distance of half rotary period of the rotary body and do not need additional station adjustment) of the rotary body zero component with the complex structure and the rotary radius of which is changed in a nonlinear way can be effectively realized. The synchronous processing mode can flexibly and efficiently finish high-precision material reduction processing of the inner side surface and the outer side surface of the revolving body with the complex structure, strictly controls the height of the mass center of the whole equipment to improve the stability under the reasonable motion matching and transmission arrangement design of independent control of multiple degrees of freedom, basically realizes gapless fusion of two stations, saves a large amount of working hours and energy consumption required by station conversion, further shortens the processing flow and the production period, and highlights the advantages of short flow and near-net forming of the multi-station integrated synchronous composite processing method.

3. The material adding module and the grinding material reducing module are designed by independently detachable modular devices, and can be quickly detached and assembled with the corresponding sleeve. When the material increasing module or the material reducing grinding module needs to be maintained or replaced, the operation is extremely simple and convenient. When the attribute of the processed material is greatly changed, the type of the laser can be adjusted as required; in the same way, the offline exchange of vertical grinding and vertical milling can be realized in the grinding material reducing module, so that the flexibility, diversity and applicability of the equipment processing mode are further improved.

4. The invention realizes the environment-friendly design of high-risk processing equipment with high temperature, high speed and the like. The air tightness protective cover is reasonably added to isolate the working environment and the external environment in the equipment, so that the processing quality and the safety of operators are improved.

5. According to the invention, the processing space above the rotary worktable and the transmission space below the rotary worktable are separated in a sealing manner by the insertion type cross dislocation matching mode of the upper circular platform cover and the lower circular platform cover. Meanwhile, all transmission guide grooves (such as horizontal lead screw mounting holes and vertical lead screw mounting holes) which are possibly contacted with a machining space in the device are provided with elastic sealing rubber blocks for wrapping, so that the sealing separation is realized. Through the sealing design of the transmission system which does not interfere the movement of the system components, the abnormal abrasion of the precision transmission parts caused by the infiltration and accumulation of various chips generated in the processing process is effectively avoided, and the processing precision and the effective service life of the equipment in the service period are further ensured. In addition, the upper circular platform cover and the lower circular platform rotate relatively, and a disc ball slideway is adopted to realize low-movement resistance matching; the driving part of the upper circular table cover adopts a bevel gear for transmission matching; the height adjustment of crossbeam and the displacement of increase and decrease material processing module are adjusted and are all adopted ball to carry out the transmission cooperation, and above-mentioned driving medium all has that industrial standardization degree is high, low in manufacturing cost is honest and clean, the stability in use is high, the precision and the controllability of transmission process are all higher characteristics. Further providing convenience for the popularization of civil use and industry.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of a core component in embodiment 1 of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a schematic perspective view of a base in embodiment 1 of the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a side view, in half section, of a base in example 1 of the present invention.

Fig. 5 is a side view in half section of a rotary table in embodiment 1 of the present invention.

Fig. 6 is a schematic structural view of the installation of the base and the rotary table in embodiment 1 of the present invention.

Fig. 7 is a side view showing the installation of the base and the rotary table in embodiment 1 of the present invention.

Fig. 8 is a sectional view taken along line a-a of fig. 7.

Fig. 9 is a perspective view of the rotary table and its driving structure.

Fig. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of the installation of the additive material module and the grinding and material reducing module in embodiment 1 of the invention.

Fig. 11 is a side view of the installation of an additive module and a grinding and subtractive module in example 1 of the present invention.

Fig. 12 is a schematic structural view of a cross beam in embodiment 1 of the present invention.

Fig. 13 is a schematic structural view of a horizontal ball screw in embodiment 1 of the present invention.

Fig. 14 is a schematic structural view of a sleeve in embodiment 1 of the present invention.

Fig. 15 is a schematic structural view of a pillar in embodiment 1 of the present invention.

Fig. 16 is a front view of the column in embodiment 1 of the present invention.

Fig. 17 is a sectional view taken along line B-B of fig. 16.

Fig. 18 is a schematic structural view of a ground material module in embodiment 1 of the present invention.

Fig. 19 is a schematic structural view of a ground material module (with parts removed) in embodiment 1 of the present invention.

Fig. 20 is a schematic view of the structure of the wedge groove in embodiment 1 of the present invention.

Fig. 21 is a schematic structural view of a core component in embodiment 2 of the present invention.

Fig. 22 is a schematic structural diagram of the installation of the additive material module and the grinding and subtractive material module in embodiment 2 of the present invention.

Fig. 23 is a schematic structural view of a horizontal ball screw in embodiment 2 of the present invention.

Fig. 24 is a schematic structural view of a pillar in embodiment 2 of the present invention.

Fig. 25 is a front view of the column in embodiment 2 of the present invention.

Fig. 26 is a sectional view taken along line C-C of fig. 25.

Fig. 27 is a schematic structural diagram of a part capable of being processed at one time according to the invention.

Fig. 28 is a schematic structural view of another disposable component of the present invention.

The reference numerals in the figures denote:

1. a base; 101. rotating the hole; 102. a circular boss; 1021. a lower half tank; 2. a housing; 3. a cover door; 4. a gantry; 41. a column; 411. a first motor mounting hole; 412. a vertical lead screw mounting hole; 413. a horizontal partition plate; 414. a second bar-shaped hole; 42. a cross beam; 421. a horizontal lead screw mounting hole; 422. a second motor mounting hole; 423. a vertical partition; 424. a first bar-shaped hole; 425. supporting the partition plate; 5. an additive module; 51. a laser head; 52. feeding a filament head; 6. grinding and cutting the material module; 61. a small grinding wheel; 62. a small grinding wheel column; 621. a wedge-shaped groove; 63. finely adjusting the shell by using the grinding wheel; 64. a column joint; 65. a grinding wheel motor; 66. a grinding wheel swing shaft; 67. a grinding wheel swing column; 68. a bevel gear; 7. a feeding mechanism; 71. a roller bracket; 72. a feeding roller; 8. a material fixing mechanism; 81. a roller support; 82. a small roller; 9. rotating the working table; 901. a lower swing lever; 902. an upper round table cover; 9021. an upper half groove; 10. a ball bearing; 11. connecting a bearing; 12. a bearing baffle; 13. a driven wheel; 14. a driving wheel; 15. a drive motor; 16. a horizontal driving device; 161. a first motor; 162. a first support base; 163. a horizontal ball screw; 1631. a horizontal lead screw body; 1632. a horizontal lead screw nut; 164. a sleeve; 1641. a sleeve body; 1642. an extension rod; 165. an elastic coupling; 17. a vertical drive device; 171. a second motor; 172. a second support seat; 173. a vertical ball screw; 1731. a vertical lead screw body; 1732. a vertical lead screw nut; 18. sealing the rubber block; 70. laser subtracts material module.

Detailed Description

The invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the drawings and specific examples. Unless otherwise specified, the instruments or materials employed in the present invention are commercially available.

Example 1:

as shown in fig. 1 to 20, the multi-station synchronous rapid prototyping device for revolving body parts of the present embodiment includes a base 1, a rotary table 9, a gantry 4, an additive module 5 and a grinding material reducing module 6, wherein the rotary table 9 and the gantry 4 are installed on the base 1, the additive module 5 and the grinding material reducing module 6 are installed on the gantry 4 and located above the rotary table 9, the additive module 5 performs additive machining on a solidified workpiece above the rotary table 9, and the grinding material reducing module 6 performs grinding material reducing machining on a side surface of the workpiece;

the multi-station synchronous rapid forming device further comprises a laser material reducing module 70, and the portal frame 4 of the laser material reducing module 70 is used for performing laser material reducing processing on the side face of the workpiece;

the multi-station synchronous rapid forming device further comprises a connecting bearing 11, a driven wheel 13, a driving wheel 14 and a driving motor 15, a rotary hole 101 is formed in the upper surface of the base 1, a circular boss 102 is arranged on the circumferential outer side of the rotary hole 101, the rotary table 9 comprises an upper circular table cover 902 and a lower rotary rod 901 vertically connected below the upper circular table cover 902, the upper circular table cover 902 is covered on the circular boss 102, the lower rotary rod 901 is inserted into the rotary hole 101, the outer wall of the lower rotary rod 901 is sleeved with the inner ring of the connecting bearing 11, the outer ring of the connecting bearing 11 is connected and matched with the side wall of the rotary hole 101, the driven wheel 13 is fixed at the lower end of the lower rotary rod 901, the driving wheel 14 is driven by the driving motor 15, the driving wheel 14 is meshed with the driven wheel 13 for transmission, and the driven wheel 13 drives the rotary table 9 to rotate.

The processing space above the rotary worktable 9 and the transmission space below the base 1 realize the sealing separation through the insertion type cross dislocation matching mode of the upper round platform cover 902 and the round boss 102, and the abnormal abrasion of the precision transmission parts caused by the infiltration and accumulation of various chippings generated in the processing is effectively avoided through the sealing design of the transmission system which does not interfere the movement of the system parts, thereby ensuring the processing precision and the effective service life of the equipment in the service period. The driving wheel 14 and the driven wheel 13 of the driving part of the upper circular truncated cone cover 902 are in transmission fit by adopting bevel gears, and the transmission precision and controllability are higher.

In this embodiment, the rotary table 9 is disposed at a central position of the base 1, the base 1 includes an upper surface and a side surface disposed below the outer side of the upper surface, the driven wheel 13, the driving wheel 14, and the driving motor 15 are installed in a space defined by the upper surface and the side surface of the base 1, that is, the driven wheel 13, the driving wheel 14, and the driving motor 15 are installed below the upper surface of the base 1, the driven wheel 13 is a disk-shaped bevel gear, the driving wheel 14 is a bevel gear, and the driving motor 15 is a servo motor, and the purpose of controlling the rotation of the rotary table 9 is achieved through meshing transmission between the servo motor and the bevel gear.

In this embodiment, a bearing baffle 12 is provided between the connecting bearing 11 and the driven wheel 13 on the lower swing rod 901 of the rotary table 9, and the bearing baffle 12 is fixed on the base 1.

An upper half groove 9021 is formed in the circumferential direction of the lower bottom surface of the upper circular truncated cone cover 902, a lower half groove 1021 is formed in the circumferential direction of the upper surface of the circular boss 102, the upper half groove 9021 and the lower half groove 1021 are matched to form a sliding rail, and a plurality of balls 10 are arranged in the sliding rail. The relative rotation of the upper circular truncated cone cover 902 and the circular boss 102 realizes the low motion resistance fit by the sliding of the ball 10 in the sliding track. In this embodiment, the inner circle side of the sliding track is slightly lower than the outer circle side, the sliding track is engaged with the balls 10, rolling friction is adopted between the circular boss 102 and the upper circular table cover 902, friction force is reduced, energy consumption is reduced, precision is improved, and the design enables a processing space above the rotary workbench 9 to be isolated from a transmission space below the rotary workbench 9, grinding dust cannot enter the transmission space, and sealing performance is greatly improved.

The portal frame 4 comprises a cross beam 42 and vertical columns 41 positioned at two ends of the cross beam 42, the vertical columns 41 are positioned at two sides of the rotary workbench 9, the additive material module 5 and the grinding material reducing module 6 are arranged on the cross beam 42, the cross beam 42 can move up and down relative to the vertical columns 41, and the additive material module 5 and the grinding material reducing module 6 can move horizontally relative to the cross beam 42.

Laser subtracts material module 70 at crossbeam 42 both ends, including subtracting the material laser head and subtracting material support piece, subtract material support piece one end fixed connection on portal crane crossbeam 41, the other end is connected with subtracting the material laser head, subtract the material laser head and can follow YZ plane for subtracting material support piece and rotate, subtract the angle between the laser emission direction of material laser head and the horizontal direction at-90 ~ 90 within ranges, can subtract the material module 8 can not be ground the grinding place and carry out laser and subtract the material, especially when the target product surface has downward open-ended groove and need subtract the material to the groove surface.

The multi-station synchronous rapid prototyping device further comprises a horizontal driving device 16, the horizontal driving device 16 is supported on the cross beam 42 and used for driving the additive module 5 and the grinding material reducing module 6 to move along the horizontal direction, the horizontal driving device 16 comprises a first motor 161, a first supporting seat 162 and a horizontal ball screw 163, the first motor 161 is used for driving the horizontal ball screw 163 to rotate, the horizontal ball screw 163 is supported on the cross beam 42 through the first supporting seat 162, and the additive module 5 and the grinding material reducing module 6 are respectively connected with the horizontal ball screw 163.

Horizontal ball screw 163 includes horizontal screw body 1631 and two horizontal screw nut 1632, and horizontal screw nut 1632 cup joints on horizontal screw body 1631 and along horizontal screw body 1631 horizontal migration, and vibration material disk module 5 and grinding subtract material module 6 and be connected with two horizontal screw nut 1632 respectively.

The material adding module 5 and the grinding material reducing module 6 are respectively assembled on two horizontal ball screws 163 with opposite rotation directions, the two horizontal ball screws 163 are connected through an elastic coupling 165, and the rotation directions of horizontal screw nuts 1632 of the two horizontal ball screws are opposite (the rotation directions of the horizontal screw nuts 1632 are the same as the rotation directions of the horizontal ball screws 163 to which the horizontal screw nuts 1632 belong respectively). The first motor 161 drives one of the horizontal ball screws 163 to rotate, and transmits torque to the other horizontal ball screw 163 through the elastic coupling 165. When the first motor 161 rotates forward, the two horizontal screw nuts 1632 on the horizontal ball screw 163 gradually approach along the length direction of the horizontal screw body 1631; when the first motor 161 rotates reversely, the two horizontal screw nuts 1632 of the horizontal ball screw 163 are gradually separated along the length direction of the horizontal screw body 1631. Through first motor 161 and horizontal ball 163 transmission connection in the crossbeam 42, control two horizontal lead screw nuts 1632 of reverse complex and move towards opposite direction, realize the linkage effect of vibration material disk module 5 and grinding subtract material module 6.

The horizontal driving device 16 further includes a sleeve 164, the sleeve 164 is sleeved on the horizontal screw nut 1632, and the material adding module 5 and the material grinding and reducing module 6 are respectively connected with the two horizontal screw nuts 1632 through the sleeve 164. The disassembly and assembly of the additive module 5 and the grinding material reducing module 6 are realized by disassembling the sleeve 164 and the horizontal lead screw nut 1632, and when the additive module 5 or the grinding material reducing module 6 needs to be maintained or replaced, the operation is very simple. When the attribute of the processed material is greatly changed, the model of the laser can be adjusted as required; in the grinding material reducing module 6, the vertical grinding and vertical milling can be exchanged off line, so that the flexibility, diversity and applicability of the equipment processing mode are further improved.

In the embodiment, the number of the cross beam 42 is one, and the additive material module 5 and the grinding and material reducing module 6 are mounted on the cross beam 42 and move in the horizontal direction under the drive of the same horizontal drive device 16.

In this embodiment, the sleeve 164 includes a sleeve body 1641 and an extension rod 1642, the inner wall of the sleeve body 1641 is connected with the horizontal screw nut 1632 in a matching manner, one end of the extension rod 1642 is connected with the outer wall of the sleeve body 1641, and the other end of the extension rod 1642 is detachably connected with the material adding module 5 or the grinding material reducing module 6.

The crossbeam 42 includes horizontal screw mounting hole 421, second motor mounting hole 422, vertical baffle 423 and first bar hole 424, vertical baffle 423 separates horizontal screw mounting hole 421 and second motor mounting hole 422, first bar hole 424 is linked together and is close to crossbeam 42 downside setting with horizontal screw mounting hole 421, be convenient for sleeve 164 along crossbeam 42 horizontal direction removal, horizontal screw mounting hole 421 is used for installing horizontal ball 163's horizontal screw body 1631 and horizontal screw nut 1632, second motor mounting hole 422 is used for installing second motor 171.

In this embodiment, the extension rod 1642 of the sleeve 164 passes through the horizontal screw mounting hole 421 from inside the cross beam 42 and extends to outside the cross beam 42, the horizontal screw mounting hole 421 is provided with the sealing rubber block 18 along the length direction, on the one hand, the sealing rubber block 18 is used for sealing the horizontal screw mounting hole 421 and blocks the entering of the abrasive dust, on the other hand, the sealing rubber block 18 cannot block the movement of the extension rod 1642, therefore, the sealing rubber block 18 is arranged on two sides of the horizontal screw mounting hole 421, and the extension rod 1642 is located between the two sealing rubber blocks 18.

A supporting clapboard 425 is vertically arranged in the horizontal lead screw mounting hole 421, and the supporting clapboard 425 is used for supporting the elastic coupling 165.

The multi-station synchronous rapid forming device further comprises a vertical driving device 17, the vertical driving device 17 is supported on the vertical column 41 and used for driving the cross beam 42 to move up and down, the vertical driving device 17 comprises a second motor 171, a second supporting seat 172 and a vertical ball screw 173, the second motor 171 is used for driving the vertical ball screw 173 to rotate, and the vertical ball screw 173 is supported on the vertical column 41 through the second supporting seat 172.

In this embodiment, the number of the vertical ball screws 173 is two, the two ends of each vertical ball screw 173 are respectively provided with the second supporting seat 172, the two vertical screw nuts 1732 are respectively connected with the cross beam 42 for supporting the cross beam 42, one of the vertical ball screws 173 is driven by the second motor 171, the other vertical ball screw 173 is driven, and the two vertical ball screws 173 facilitate stable movement of the cross beam 42. The second motor 171 is a servo motor. The vertical screw nuts 1732 of the vertical ball screws 173 are parallel to and fix the cross beam 42, the second motor 171 in the upright 41 controls the cross beam 42 to move up and down along the Z-axis direction, and the cross beam 42 drives the additive module 5 and the grinding and material reducing module 6 to move up and down along the Z-axis direction under the fixing and driving action of the vertical screw nuts 1732 on the two sides.

In this embodiment, portal frame 4 stand 41 symmetry of rotatory workstation 9 both sides, stand 41 includes first motor mounting hole 411, vertical lead screw mounting hole 412, horizontal baffle 413 and second bar hole 414, first motor mounting hole 411, vertical lead screw mounting hole 412, horizontal baffle 413 is kept away from crossbeam 42 one side and is set up, second bar hole 414 is close to crossbeam 42 one side setting and is linked together with vertical lead screw mounting hole 412, be used for supplying vertical lead screw nut 1732 to pass through, and vertical lead screw nut 1732 can reciprocate in second bar hole 414, separate through horizontal baffle 413 between first motor mounting hole 411 and the vertical lead screw mounting hole 412, horizontal baffle 413 is used for supporting vertical lead screw body 1731, first motor mounting hole 411 is used for installing first motor 161.

In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 16 and 17, the second bar-shaped hole 414 is disposed near one side of the vertical screw rod mounting hole 412, and the second bar-shaped hole 414 is matched with the sleeve 164 mounted on the vertical screw rod nut 1732. And, the second strip-shaped hole 414 that runs through is clamped mutually through two sealing rubber blocks 18 along the length direction to realize relative sealing, realizes the complete isolation of transmission space in the stand 41 and the processing space above the rotary worktable 9.

Vertical ball 173 includes vertical lead screw body 1731 and vertical lead screw nut 1732, and vertical lead screw nut 1732 cup joints on vertical lead screw body 1731 and reciprocates along vertical lead screw body 1731, and crossbeam 42 is connected with vertical lead screw nut 1732.

In this embodiment, base 1 top cover is equipped with dustcoat 2, has seted up on the dustcoat 2 and has put the thing mouth, puts and installs the cover door 3 that can close and open the thing mouth on the thing mouth. In this embodiment, dustcoat 2 is the translucent cover, is convenient for observe the behavior of core unit, and on the other hand, dustcoat 2 is used for sealed protection core unit, and operational environment and external environment in isolated equipment improve processingquality and operating personnel security.

The outer cover 2 is provided with an air inlet and an air outlet for vacuumizing or introducing protective gas into the outer cover 2. In this embodiment, the air inlet and the air outlet are respectively and oppositely disposed on the sidewall of the housing 2 and respectively disposed near the upper portion and the lower portion of the housing 2. Generally, inert gas or protective gas such as carbon dioxide is heavier than air, an air inlet is arranged at the lower part, an air outlet is arranged at the upper part, slow air inlet is kept during the processing, and the inside of the outer cover 2 is in a negative high-pressure state.

The feeding mechanism 7 is arranged on one side of the rotary worktable 9, the feeding mechanism 7 comprises a feeding roller 72 and a roller bracket 71 used for supporting the feeding roller 72, raw wire materials are wound on the feeding roller 72 in work and are synchronously conveyed to the material increasing module 5 according to the processing progress.

In this embodiment, the material increase module 5 includes the laser head 51 and send a first 52, is equipped with the mechanism of deciding 8 above sending a first 52 pan feeding mouth, decides that the mechanism of deciding 8 includes roller support 81 and two little rollers 82, and two little rollers 82 support on roller support 81 for location raw materials silk material.

The laser emission direction of the laser head 51 and the wire feeding direction of the wire feeding head 52 form a certain included angle α, the wire feeding direction of the wire feeding head 52 is a vertical direction, and the included angle α between the laser emission direction and the wire feeding direction is 45 ° (in other embodiments, α is greater than 0 and less than 90 ° can obtain the same or similar technical effect), so that synchronous wire feeding during additive processing is realized. The small rollers 82 are arranged on the wire feeding head 52, the middle of each small roller 82 is provided with a round groove equivalent to a wire, the accuracy is enhanced, and wire feeding holes for raw wire materials to pass through are formed above the wire feeding head 52 below the two small rollers 82.

According to the invention, through the circular motion executed by the rotary worktable 9 and the reasonable matching of the angle alpha adjustment of the laser head 51 and the wire feeding head 52 in the grinding material reducing module 6, the material adding module 5 and the grinding material reducing module 6 are symmetrically arranged about the central axis of the rotary worktable 9, and the material adding module 5 and the grinding material reducing module 6 only need to perform short-distance horizontal movement on the cross beam 42 (the two modules can perform synchronous linkage and also can perform respective independent motion, and the relative motion mode is very flexible), so that the real-time synchronous processing of material adding and material reducing double stations (double stations maintain the distance of a half rotary body rotation period and do not need additional station adjustment) of the complex structure zero component with the nonlinear change of the rotary radius of the rotary body can be effectively realized. The synchronous processing mode can flexibly and efficiently finish high-precision material reduction processing of the inner side surface and the outer side surface of the revolving body with the complex structure, strictly controls the height of the mass center of the whole equipment to improve the stability under the reasonable motion matching and transmission arrangement design of independent control with multiple degrees of freedom, basically realizes gapless fusion of two stations, saves a large amount of working hours and energy consumption required by station conversion, further shortens the processing flow and the production period, and highlights the advantages of short flow and near-net forming of the synchronous composite processing method with multiple stations.

The grinding material cutting module 6 comprises a small grinding wheel 61, a small grinding wheel upright post 62, a grinding wheel fine adjustment shell 63, an upright post joint 64, a grinding wheel swing shaft 66, a grinding wheel swing post 67 and two bevel gears 68 which are in meshed transmission with each other, the upper end of the upright post joint 64 is connected with a sleeve 164, the lower end of the upright post joint 64 is connected with the small grinding wheel upright post 62 through the grinding wheel fine adjustment shell 63, a grinding wheel motor 65 is coaxial with one bevel gear 68, the other bevel gear 68 is fixedly connected with the small grinding wheel upright post 62 through the grinding wheel swing shaft 66 which is transversely arranged, the grinding wheel swing shaft 66 is vertically connected with the grinding wheel swing post 67, and the lower end of the grinding wheel swing post 67 is connected with the small grinding wheel 61. The bottom of the small grinding wheel column 62 is provided with a wedge-shaped groove 621, so that the rotation of the small grinding wheel 61 is ensured and a certain sealing effect is achieved.

The machining method of the desktop type laser material increasing and decreasing equipment for the revolving body type parts comprises the following steps of:

a workpiece is placed on a rotary workbench 9, the rotary workbench 9 rotates according to a preset requirement, and the material adding module 5 and the material grinding and reducing module 6 are symmetrically arranged around the central axis of the rotary workbench 9;

the material increase module 5 emits laser to generate a molten pool on the surface of a workpiece, the feeding mechanism 7 sends raw materials to the material increase module 5 and reaches the molten pool, the raw materials are melted at the molten pool under the action of the laser, and after the material increase processing step of a preset thickness layer is completed, the material increase module 5 moves upwards to start the material increase processing step of the next thickness layer;

and simultaneously with the material additive machining step, the grinding material reducing module 6 synchronously performs the material reducing machining step on the workpiece under the action of the horizontal driving device 16.

The multi-station synchronous rapid forming method for the revolving body type parts comprises the following steps:

placing a workpiece on a rotary worktable 9, starting an additive module 5 to emit laser to generate a molten pool on the surface of the workpiece, sending raw materials to the lower part of the additive module 5 by a feeding mechanism 7, melting the raw materials at the molten pool under the action of the laser and solidifying the raw materials on the workpiece, starting a grinding and material reducing module 6 to synchronously reduce the side surface of the solidified workpiece, changing the relative positions of the workpiece on the rotary worktable 9, the additive module 5 and the grinding and material reducing module 6 according to preset requirements, moving the additive module 5 upwards after reaching a preset thickness layer, and starting the additive processing of the next thickness layer;

changing the relative positions of the workpiece on the rotary table 9 and the additive material module 5 and the grinding and material reducing module 6 according to preset requirements comprises any one or more of the following modes:

mode A: starting a driving motor 15 to drive the rotary worktable 9;

mode B: a first motor 161 of a horizontal driving device 16 in the cross beam 42 is started to drive a horizontal ball screw 163 to rotate, and the horizontal ball screw 163 drives the material adding module 5 and/or the material grinding and reducing module 6 to move along the horizontal direction;

the material reducing processing specifically comprises:

rotating the small grinding wheel 61 of the grinding material cutting module 6 until the small grinding wheel is attached to the side face of the workpiece to grind the side face of the workpiece; and

and adjusting the laser emission direction of the laser material reducing module 70, and starting the laser material reducing module 70 to emit laser to reduce the material of the side surface of the workpiece.

The specific steps of moving additive module 5 upward include: the second motor 171 of the vertical driving device 17 is turned on to drive the vertical ball screw 173 to rotate, and the vertical ball screw 173 drives the cross beam 42 to move upwards.

During operation, the rotary worktable 9 drives the workpiece to rotate, the cross beam 42 moves to a proper height, the additive module 5 carries out synchronous wire feeding fused deposition processing, and the grinding material reducing module 6 carries out synchronous grinding on the side surface of the workpiece under the linkage effect.

The invention adopts the paraxial wire feeding laser melting additive manufacturing technology (namely the combination of the material feeding mechanism 7, the material fixing mechanism 8 and the additive module 5, and the laser head 51 and the wire feeding head 52 form a certain included angle alpha) to be combined with the grinding wheel grinding technology (namely the grinding material reducing module 6), is suitable for forming parts of diversified materials and structures, and has higher working flexibility and production flexibility.

The material increasing module 5 and the material reducing grinding module 6 have high degree of freedom, and can machine complex parts which cannot be machined by traditional equipment. For example, an 8-shaped revolving body is machined, the grinding of the outer side surface is difficult to realize by traditional equipment, but the synchronous machining mode (the material increasing module 5 and the material reducing module 6 are synchronously machined) of the invention can be easily realized.

Compared with the traditional same type processing equipment, the invention does not need secondary positioning, has higher processing precision and is more convenient and faster to operate.

Example 2:

as shown in fig. 21 to 26, the multi-station synchronous rapid prototyping device for rotary parts of the present embodiment is substantially the same as embodiment 1, except that:

1. the number of crossbeam 42 is two, vibration material disk module 5 and grinding material disk module 6 install respectively on two crossbeams 42 and move along the horizontal direction under the drive of different horizontal drive device 16 respectively, the horizontal ball screw 163 of every horizontal drive device 16 includes horizontal screw body 1631 and horizontal screw nut 1632, horizontal screw nut 1632 cup joints on horizontal screw body 1631 and along horizontal screw body 1631 horizontal migration, vibration material disk module 5 is connected with the horizontal screw nut 1632 of one of them horizontal ball screw 163, grinding material disk module 6 is connected with the horizontal screw nut 1632 of another horizontal ball screw 163.

Because the additive module 5 and the grinding and material reducing module 6 are driven by different horizontal driving devices 16, the elastic coupling 165 is not arranged on the two horizontal ball screws 163, and the supporting partition 425 is not required to be arranged in the horizontal screw mounting hole 421.

The motions of the X axis and the Z axis of the material adding module 5 and the material reducing grinding module 6 are independent, and more complex revolving body machining is realized.

2. Two groups of vertical driving devices 17 are arranged in the upper half part of the upright column 41 of each portal frame 4, and the two groups of vertical driving devices 17 are respectively used for driving the two cross beams 42. The upright post 41 is provided with mounting holes (such as a first motor mounting hole 411, a vertical screw mounting hole 412, and a second bar-shaped hole 414) respectively matched with the two sets of vertical driving devices 17.

In other embodiments, two sets of gantries 4 for mounting the additive module 5 and the subtractive grinding module 6, respectively, may achieve the same or similar technical effect.

In other embodiments, the additive module 5 and the grinding and subtractive module 6 may both be mounted within the same cross beam 42, but may be driven by different horizontal drives 16, respectively, to achieve the same or similar technical effects.

3. The laser material reducing module 70 and the grinding material reducing module 6 are positioned on the same cross beam 42, so that material reducing processing is facilitated.

The invention can be used for integrally forming parts with round holes or square holes, parts with fixed seats, parts with complex structures such as parts with rotary bodies and the like, wherein the central axis of the parts changes along the vertical direction (as shown in figure 27, the right side of figure 27 is a cross section of a left side figure D-D), and the side of the parts with side holes (as shown in figure 28, the lower side of figure 28 is a cross section of an upper side figure E-E) has wide application range.

Although the present invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiments, it is not intended to be limited thereto. Those skilled in the art can make numerous possible variations and modifications to the present invention, or modify equivalent embodiments to equivalent variations, without departing from the scope of the invention, using the teachings disclosed above. Therefore, any simple modification, equivalent change and modification made to the above embodiments according to the technical spirit of the present invention should fall within the protection scope of the technical scheme of the present invention, unless the technical spirit of the present invention departs from the content of the technical scheme of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multi-station synchronous rapid forming method for revolving body type parts is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:

placing a workpiece on a rotary workbench (9), starting an additive module (5) to emit laser to generate a molten pool on the surface of the workpiece, sending raw materials to the lower part of the additive module (5) by a feeding mechanism (7), melting and solidifying the raw materials on the workpiece at the molten pool under the action of the laser, starting a grinding and material reducing module (6) to synchronously reduce the side surface of the solidified workpiece, changing the relative positions of the workpiece on the rotary workbench (9), the additive module (5) and the grinding and material reducing module (6) according to a preset requirement, moving the additive module (5) upwards after a preset thickness layer is reached, and starting additive processing of the next thickness layer;

the change of the relative positions of the workpiece on the rotary worktable (9) and the additive material module (5) and the grinding material reducing module (6) according to the preset requirement comprises any one or more of the following modes:

mode A: starting a driving motor (15) to drive the rotary worktable (9);

mode B: a first motor (161) of a horizontal driving device (16) in the cross beam (42) is started to drive a horizontal ball screw (163) to rotate, and the horizontal ball screw (163) drives an additive module (5) and/or a grinding and material reducing module (6) to move along the horizontal direction;

the material reducing process comprises: rotating a small grinding wheel (61) of the grinding material cutting module (6) until the small grinding wheel is attached to the side face of the workpiece to grind the side face of the workpiece; and

2. The method of claim 1, wherein: the specific step of moving the additive module (5) upwards comprises: a second motor (171) of the vertical driving device (17) is started to drive a vertical ball screw (173) to rotate, and the vertical ball screw (173) drives the cross beam (42) to move upwards.

3. A multi-station synchronous rapid forming device for revolving body type parts is characterized in that:

the material increasing and reducing device comprises a base (1), a rotary worktable (9), a portal frame (4), a material increasing module (5) and a grinding material reducing module (6), wherein the rotary worktable (9) and the portal frame (4) are arranged on the base (1), and the material increasing module (5) and the grinding material reducing module (6) are arranged on the portal frame (4) and are positioned above the rotary worktable (9); the material increasing module (5) performs material increasing processing on the solidified workpiece above the rotating workbench (9), and the grinding and material reducing module (6) performs grinding and material reducing processing on the side surface of the workpiece;

the multi-station synchronous rapid forming device further comprises a laser material reducing module (70), wherein the laser material reducing module (70) is arranged on the portal frame (4) and is used for performing laser material reducing processing on the side face of the workpiece;

the multi-station synchronous rapid forming device further comprises a connecting bearing (11) and a driving motor (15), a rotary hole (101) is formed in the upper surface of the base (1), a circular boss (102) is arranged on the circumferential outer side of the rotary hole (101), the rotary working table (9) comprises an upper circular table cover (902) and a lower rotary rod (901) vertically connected to the lower portion of the upper circular table cover (902), the upper circular table cover (902) is covered on the circular boss (102), the lower rotary rod (901) is inserted into the rotary hole (101), the outer wall of the lower rotary rod (901) is sleeved with the inner ring of the connecting bearing (11), the outer ring of the connecting bearing (11) is connected and matched with the side wall of the rotary hole (101), and the driving motor (15) drives the lower rotary rod (901) to rotate so as to drive the upper circular table cover (902) to rotate.

4. The multi-station synchronous rapid prototyping device of claim 3, wherein: go up bottom surface circumference under round platform lid (902) and be equipped with half groove (9021) first, round boss (102) upper surface circumference is equipped with half groove (1021) down, first half groove (9021) and half groove (1021) cooperate and constitute the slip track down, be equipped with a plurality of balls (10) in the slip track.

5. A multi-station synchronous rapid prototyping device as set forth in claim 3 or 4 wherein: portal frame (4) include crossbeam (42) and stand (41) that are located crossbeam (42) both ends, stand (41) are located swivel work head (9) both sides, vibration material disk (5) and grinding subtract material module (6) and install on crossbeam (42), crossbeam (42) can reciprocate for stand (41), vibration material disk (5) and grinding subtract material module (6) can horizontal migration for crossbeam (42).

6. The multi-station synchronous rapid prototyping apparatus as set forth in claim 5, wherein: the multi-station synchronous rapid forming device further comprises a horizontal driving device (16), the horizontal driving device (16) is supported on the cross beam (42) and used for driving the material adding module (5) and the grinding material reducing module (6) to move along the horizontal direction, the horizontal driving device (16) comprises a first motor (161), a first supporting seat (162) and a horizontal ball screw (163), the first motor (161) is used for driving the horizontal ball screw (163) to rotate, the horizontal ball screw (163) is supported on the cross beam (42) through the first supporting seat (162), and the material adding module (5) and the grinding material reducing module (6) are respectively connected with the horizontal ball screw (163).

7. The multi-station synchronous rapid prototyping apparatus as set forth in claim 6, wherein: horizontal ball (163) include horizontal lead screw body (1631) and two horizontal lead screw nuts (1632), horizontal lead screw nut (1632) cup joint on horizontal lead screw body (1631) and along horizontal lead screw body (1631) horizontal migration, material increase module (5) and grinding subtract material module (6) and are connected with two horizontal lead screw nuts (1632) respectively.

8. The multi-station synchronous rapid prototyping apparatus of claim 7 wherein: the horizontal driving device (16) further comprises a sleeve (164), the sleeve (164) is sleeved on the horizontal screw nut (1632), and the material adding module (5) and the material reducing module (6) are connected with the two horizontal screw nuts (1632) through the sleeve (164) respectively.

9. The multi-station synchronous rapid prototyping apparatus as set forth in claim 6, wherein: the additive module (5) and the grinding material reducing module (6) move along the horizontal direction under the drive of different horizontal drive devices (16); or the additive material module (5) and the grinding material reducing module (6) move along the horizontal direction under the drive of the same horizontal drive device (16).

10. The multi-station synchronous rapid prototyping apparatus as set forth in claim 5, wherein: the multi-station synchronous rapid forming device further comprises a vertical driving device (17), wherein the vertical driving device (17) is supported on the stand column (41) and used for driving the cross beam (42) to move up and down, the vertical driving device (17) comprises a second motor (171), a second supporting seat (172) and a vertical ball screw (173), the second motor (171) is used for driving the vertical ball screw (173) to rotate, and the vertical ball screw (173) is supported on the stand column (41) through the second supporting seat (172).