CN114453903A

CN114453903A - Rapid near-net forming method and device for space revolving body

Info

Publication number: CN114453903A
Application number: CN202110745083.7A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 肖罡; 仪传明; 杨钦文; 李时春; 戴璐祎; 刘旭飞
Original assignee: Jiangxi College of Application Science and Technology
Current assignee: Jiangxi College of Application Science and Technology
Priority date: 2021-06-30
Filing date: 2021-06-30
Publication date: 2022-05-10

Abstract

The invention discloses a quick near-net forming device of a space revolving body, which comprises a fixed base, a first upright post, a gantry crane, a workbench, a first connecting piece, an additive module, a grinding material reducing module, a laser material reducing module and the like, wherein an inner base and an upper base of the fixed base are positioned on a lower base; the material increasing module and the material reducing grinding module can synchronously and horizontally move relative to the linkage cross beam. The invention has the advantage of compact structure.

Description

Rapid near-net forming method and device for space revolving body

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of desktop type laser material increasing/decreasing processing equipment, in particular to a method and a device for quickly and closely shaping a space revolving body.

Background

With the rapid development of the economic system in China, the usage amount of the revolving body type parts serving as the important foundation for the development of the mechanical industry (from daily life to aviation, aerospace, navigation and national defense industries) is gradually increased year by year. From the perspective of specific processing techniques and methods: the method has the advantages that the machining precision of the thinning material is high, but the energy consumption, the time consumption and the material consumption degree are also high, and the yield is low when the thin-wall part is machined; secondly, the efficiency of material processing is high, the energy consumption is low, the loss of raw materials is low, but the blank preparation process is complex, the design and manufacturing cost of the die is high, and the small-batch customized service requirement of a special structure is difficult to meet; the material increase manufacturing technology can meet a large number of special requirements of part machining, efficient forming of complex structures can be completed, and the problems of machining precision and machining surface quality are still difficult to solve. Therefore, the material increasing/reducing composite manufacturing technology is developed to meet the comprehensive requirements of high efficiency, high precision, low loss, low cost, high flexibility and the like in the forming process of the complex revolving body component.

The existing desktop type material increasing/reducing composite manufacturing equipment is often divided into two independent links by material increasing and material reducing processing. Although the clamping frequency of parts can be reduced, the processing flow can be shortened, and the processing precision and efficiency can be improved, the problem of interference between two processing procedures of material increase and material reduction is avoided to a certain extent. However, this causes the overall size of the equipment to be too large, a higher proportion of the total energy consumption and the total time consumption of the machining is lost in the reciprocating conversion link of the stations, and it is also difficult to realize the precise machining of the inner wall of the component with a large axial size and the surfaces of the inner and outer walls of the complex component with a non-linear change characteristic of the radius of the revolving body.

In the material increasing/reducing composite machining process, the workbench can only realize translation or rotation movement, and the operation is complex when machining the special revolving body parts with variable diameters, and the machining efficiency is low. On the other hand, a large amount of fine chips are generated at the time of cutting or grinding. If the complex transmission system comprising the multi-station composite manufacturing equipment is not subjected to targeted sealing design, a large amount of scraps are easy to adsorb, accumulate and block the meshing parts among transmission parts along with lubricating oil, so that severe abrasion is caused, the transmission and machining precision is reduced, the service life of key precision parts and equipment is shortened, the maintenance cost is increased, and even seizure of a working platform occurs in severe cases.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a quick near-net forming device for a space revolving body, which has the advantages of compact structure, moderate size, convenient movement, various and flexible processing modes, reasonable layout, realization of mutual noninterference of material increasing/reducing multi-station synchronous processing and full consideration of the reliability and safety problems of the whole operation process of a transmission system and the whole material increasing/reducing processing process.

In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

a quick near-net forming device for a space revolving body comprises a fixed base, a first upright post, a gantry crane, a workbench, an additive module, a grinding material reducing module, a laser material reducing module, a linkage beam, a rotating beam and a first connecting piece, wherein the gantry crane comprises a gantry crane beam and a gantry crane upright post, the gantry crane beam is positioned above the workbench, and the gantry crane upright posts are positioned at two ends of the gantry crane beam; a first driving mechanism is arranged in the gantry crane beam, and the rotating beam horizontally moves relative to the gantry crane beam under the driving of the first driving mechanism; the linkage cross beam is arranged below the rotating cross beam, a second driving mechanism is arranged in the rotating cross beam, and the second driving mechanism is used for driving the linkage cross beam to rotate relative to the rotating cross beam; the material increasing module and the grinding material reducing module are arranged at the lower part of the linkage cross beam, a third driving mechanism is arranged in the linkage cross beam, and the third driving mechanism is used for driving the material increasing module and the grinding material reducing module to synchronously and horizontally move relative to the linkage cross beam; a fifth driving mechanism is arranged in the gantry crane upright column and used for driving the gantry crane beam to move up and down relative to the gantry crane upright column; the fixed base comprises an inner base, an upper base and a lower base, the inner base and the upper base are positioned on the lower base, the upper base is sleeved outside the inner base, a sixth driving mechanism is arranged in the fixed base, the upper base rotates relative to the inner base under the driving of the sixth driving mechanism, the gantry crane upright is fixed on the upper base, and the workbench and the first upright are arranged on the inner base; the outer sides of at least two end parts of the workbench are respectively provided with the first upright post, the first upright posts are fixed above the inner base, and the workbench and the inner base are arranged at intervals; a fourth driving mechanism for driving the end part of the workbench to move up and down is arranged in the first upright post, the fourth driving mechanism is connected with the end part of the workbench through a first connecting piece, and the different end parts of the workbench do not move up or down with unequal displacement, so that the workbench inclines; the laser material reducing module is connected below a gantry crane beam and used for reducing the material of the side face of a workpiece on the workbench.

As a further improvement of the above technical solution:

the rotary beam is provided with a rotary cavity penetrating through the upper surface and the lower surface of the rotary beam and a fixed cavity communicated with the rotary cavity, and the bottom of the rotary cavity is horizontally provided with a suspension fixed ring in the circumferential direction; the second driving mechanism comprises a disc bevel gear, a driving bevel gear, a suspension frame, a rolling bearing and a second driving motor, the disc bevel gear, the driving bevel gear, the suspension frame and the rolling bearing are located in a rotating cavity, the suspension frame is arranged on a suspension fixing ring, the outer wall of the suspension frame is connected with the inner wall of the rotating cavity in a matched mode through the rolling bearing, the disc bevel gear is fixed on the suspension frame and matched with the driving bevel gear, the second driving motor drives the driving bevel gear to rotate to drive the suspension frame to rotate, and the linkage beam is fixed on the lower portion of the suspension frame.

The suspension bracket comprises a suspension supporting part, an upper supporting circular table part and a lower supporting circular table part are respectively arranged on the upper surface and the lower surface of the suspension supporting part, the linkage cross beam is fixed at the bottom of the lower supporting circular table part, the inner hole of the disc bevel gear is sleeved outside the upper supporting circular table part and is fixed, the suspension supporting part is placed on a suspension fixing ring, and the outer wall of the suspension supporting part is matched with the inner wall of the rotary cavity through a rolling bearing.

The third driving mechanism comprises a third driving motor, a third supporting seat, a third ball screw and a coupler, the third ball screws with opposite rotating directions are horizontally arranged and are connected through the coupler, the third driving motor is used for driving the third ball screw to rotate, the third supporting seat is supported at the end part of the third ball screw, and the two third ball screws are respectively connected with the material adding module and the grinding material reducing module.

The lower base comprises an inner boss and an outer boss arranged at an interval with the inner boss, the space between the outer boss and the inner boss is an accommodating space, an inner gear is arranged on the inner side of the bottom of the upper base, the inner gear and a sixth driving mechanism are located in the accommodating space, the sixth driving mechanism comprises a sixth driving motor and a sixth driving gear connected to the output end of the sixth driving motor, and the sixth driving gear is in meshing transmission with the inner gear.

The gantry crane is characterized in that a front groove is formed in one side, close to a gantry crane beam, of the gantry crane column, the fifth driving mechanism comprises a fifth driving motor, a Z-direction ball screw, a fifth screw connecting piece and a fifth supporting seat, the Z-direction ball screw is driven to rotate by the fifth driving motor, one end of the fifth screw connecting piece is connected with the Z-direction ball screw, the other end of the fifth screw connecting piece penetrates through the front groove and is fixedly connected with the gantry crane beam, the fifth supporting seat is used for supporting the Z-direction ball screw, and the Z-direction ball screw and the front groove are arranged in a staggered mode.

The first connecting piece comprises a ball pin seat, a ball pin and a connecting rod, one end of the ball pin seat is connected with one end of the workbench, the other end of the ball pin seat is connected and matched with the ball pin, the connecting rod is sleeved outside the ball pin, and the fourth driving mechanism is connected with the connecting rod.

The first stand is being close to workstation one side and has been seted up the stand front groove, fourth drive mechanism includes fourth motor, fourth supporting seat, fourth ball and fourth screw connecting piece, the vertical setting of fourth ball, the fourth motor is used for driving the rotation of fourth ball, the fourth supporting seat supports at fourth ball both ends, fourth screw connecting piece cover is established outside fourth ball, and fourth screw connecting piece passes the stand front groove in the first stand and extends to outside the first stand and be connected with first connecting piece, fourth ball and stand front groove dislocation set.

The grinding material reducing module comprises a grinding wheel upright post, a small grinding wheel, a grinding wheel motor, a grinding wheel swing shaft and a grinding wheel swing post, wherein the small grinding wheel is located outside the grinding wheel upright post and used for milling or grinding the side face of a workpiece, the grinding wheel motor, the grinding wheel swing shaft and the grinding wheel swing post are located in the grinding wheel upright post, the grinding wheel motor drives the horizontally arranged grinding wheel swing shaft to rotate so as to drive the small grinding wheel to swing, and the upper end and the lower end of the grinding wheel swing post are respectively connected with the grinding wheel swing shaft and the small grinding wheel.

The grinding material cutting module further comprises two conical gears which are in meshed transmission with each other, one of the conical gears is fixed on the grinding wheel swinging shaft, and the grinding wheel motor drives one of the conical gears to rotate so as to drive the grinding wheel swinging shaft to rotate.

And two ends of the grinding wheel swinging shaft are fixed on the inner side wall of the grinding wheel upright post.

The grinding wheel upright column side wall is provided with a storage opening convenient to maintain and a storage door, and the storage door is used for opening and closing the storage opening.

The vibration material disk piece includes the laser head, send a first to send the raw materials to the laser head below to melt, the laser emission direction perpendicular to workstation upper surface of laser head just is contained angle alpha with the direction of sending a first, satisfies 0 < alpha < 90.

The machining method of the rapid near-net forming device of the space revolving body comprises the following steps:

placing a workpiece on a rotary workbench, starting a material increase module to emit laser to generate a molten pool on the surface of the workpiece, sending raw materials to the position below the material increase module, melting the raw materials at the molten pool under the action of the laser and solidifying the molten materials on the workpiece, starting a grinding material reduction module to synchronously reduce the material of the side surface of the solidified workpiece, changing the relative positions of the workpiece on the workbench, the material increase module and the grinding material reduction module, moving the material increase module upwards after a preset thickness layer is reached, and starting material increase processing of the next thickness layer;

the change work piece on the workstation and the relative position of increase material module, grinding subtract material module includes the following mode:

mode A: opening a first driving mechanism to drive the rotating beam to translate;

mode B: starting a second driving mechanism to drive the linkage beam to rotate;

mode C: starting a third driving mechanism to drive the material increasing module and the material grinding and reducing module to synchronously and horizontally move;

mode D: starting a sixth driving mechanism to drive the upper base to rotate so as to drive the gantry crane upright to rotate;

mode E: starting a fourth driving mechanism to drive the workbench to incline;

the material reducing processing comprises the following steps: rotating the small grinding wheel of the grinding material reduction module until the small grinding wheel is attached to the side face of the workpiece to grind the side face of the workpiece;

the upward-moving additive module specifically includes: and opening a fifth driving mechanism to drive the gantry crane beam to move upwards.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:

1. the invention has compact structural layout, safety, reliability, simple and convenient operation and environmental protection; the integral desktop design is adopted, so that the occupied space is very limited, and the carrying and the moving are convenient; the processing method has the performance characteristics of compatibility in processing various materials (such as resin, metal and composite materials thereof) and various processing modes; can realize the high-efficiency near-net forming of various types of revolving body parts with complex structures within the size permission range, and is expected to be popularized and popularized in the application environments of civil life appliances (such as novel environment-friendly degradable organic material containers, tableware, children toys and the like), industrial small-batch and special customized precise part manufacturing and the like.

2. According to the invention, the material increasing module and the material grinding and reducing module realize horizontal movement by virtue of a third driving mechanism in the linkage beam, the linkage beam realizes rotary motion by virtue of a second driving mechanism of the rotary beam, the rotary beam realizes horizontal movement by virtue of a first driving mechanism of the gantry crane beam, the workbench realizes inclined motion by virtue of a fourth driving mechanism, the gantry crane beam realizes rotary motion by virtue of a sixth driving mechanism driving the upper base to rotate, and the gantry crane beam moves in the vertical direction, so that the real-time synchronous processing of material increasing and material reducing of various complex components can be effectively realized. The synchronous processing can flexibly and efficiently finish the high-precision material reduction processing of the inner side surface and the outer side surface of a complex structure, strictly controls the height of the mass center of the whole equipment to improve the stability under the reasonable multi-degree-of-freedom independent control motion matching and transmission arrangement design, basically realizes the gapless fusion of two stations, saves a large amount of working hours and energy consumption required by station conversion, further shortens the processing flow and the production period, and highlights the short flow and near-net forming advantages of the multi-station integrated synchronous composite processing method. And then the laser material reducing module is combined to perform laser material reduction on the part which cannot be ground by the grinding material reducing module, especially when the outer surface of the target product is provided with a groove or a side hole which is opened downwards and the surface of the groove needs to be reduced.

3. The material adding module and the grinding material reducing module are designed by independently detachable modular devices, and can be quickly detached and assembled with the corresponding sleeve. When the material increase module or the grinding material reduction module needs to be maintained or replaced, the operation is very simple and convenient, the milling head can be replaced according to different processing conditions, and the flexibility is high. When the attribute of the processed material has large change, the model of the laser can be adjusted according to the requirement.

4. The invention realizes the environment-friendly design of high-temperature, high-speed and high-risk processing equipment, and the like, and the air-tight protective cover (outer cover) is reasonably arranged to isolate the working environment in the equipment from the external environment, thereby improving the processing quality and the safety of operators.

5. The invention designs a more perfect sealing structure of the transmission system by combining the transmission characteristics of the equipment. The transmission screw rod and the corresponding groove are arranged in a staggered mode, even if abrasive dust enters the groove, transmission of the transmission screw rod is not affected, and the service life of transmission parts is prolonged. On one hand, the abrasive dust is prevented from being accumulated in a transmission system, the transmission system is prevented from being worn, and the service life of the transmission system is prolonged; on the other hand, the equipment transmission and the machining precision are improved, and integrated machining is realized.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is an overall configuration diagram of the apparatus of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic view of the main structure of the device with the cover parts removed.

Figure 3 is a schematic view (from another perspective) of the main structure of the device with the cover parts removed.

Fig. 4 is a schematic view of a connection structure of a driving mechanism and a rotating beam in a gantry crane beam.

Fig. 5 is a schematic view of the structure of the drive mechanism in the rotating beam (with the gear guard removed).

Fig. 6 is a top view of the rotating beam (with the beam cover and like parts removed).

Fig. 7 is a cross-sectional view taken along line a-a of fig. 6 (with the gear guard added).

Fig. 8 is a schematic structural view of the hanger.

Fig. 9 is a top view of the hanger.

Fig. 10 is a cross-sectional view taken along line B-B of fig. 9.

Fig. 11 is a schematic structural view of the rotating beam.

Fig. 12 is a schematic structural view of the rotating beam, the linkage beam, and the material increasing and decreasing module.

Fig. 13 is a schematic view of the connection of the material increase and decrease module and the third driving mechanism in the linkage beam.

Fig. 14 is a schematic structural view of the ground material module.

Fig. 15 is a schematic structural view of the grinding material reducing module (grinding wheel column removed).

Fig. 16 is a schematic structural view of an additive module.

Fig. 17 is a schematic connection diagram of the gantry crane beam and the fifth driving mechanism.

Fig. 18 is a schematic view of the installation of the fifth driving mechanism in the column of the gantry crane.

Fig. 19 is a schematic structural diagram of the inner structure of a gantry crane beam.

Fig. 20 is a top view of the stationary base.

FIG. 21 is a cross-sectional view taken along line C-C of FIG. 20.

Fig. 22 is a schematic structural view of the upper base and the first drive mechanism.

Fig. 23 is a schematic structural view of the upper base.

Fig. 24 is a schematic structural view of the lower base.

Fig. 25 is a top view of the lower base.

Fig. 26 is a sectional view taken along line D-D of fig. 25.

Fig. 27 is a schematic structural view of parts such as the inner base, the workbench and the first upright post.

Fig. 28 is a schematic structural view of the inner base, the table, and the first column (with the column cover of the first column partially removed).

Fig. 29 is a top view of the inner base, table and first upright, etc.

Fig. 30 is a cross-sectional view taken along line E-E of fig. 29.

Fig. 31 is a schematic structural view of the table.

Fig. 32 is a partial enlarged view at F in fig. 30.

Fig. 33 is an exploded view of the first connector.

Fig. 34 is a schematic structural diagram of a laser material reducing module according to the present invention.

Fig. 35 is a schematic view of a typical part of the present invention that can be processed at one time.

The reference numerals in the figures denote: 1. a fixed base; 101. an inner base; 102. a lower base plate; 103. an upper base; 1031. a roller support; 1032. an internal gear; 1033. an upper cover; 104. a lower base; 1041. an inner boss; 1042. an outer flange; 10421. a slide rail; 105. a sliding roller; 2. a housing; 3. a first upright post; 4. a gantry crane; 41. a gantry crane beam; 411. a separation support plate; 412. a horizontal drive mounting hole; 413. a strip-shaped groove; 42. a gantry crane upright post; 43. a first drive mechanism; 431. a first motor; 432. a first support base; 433. a first horizontal ball screw; 434. a first lead screw connection; 5. a work table; 51. an extension rod; 6. a second drive mechanism; 61. a second drive motor; 62. a disc bevel gear; 63. a driving bevel gear; 64. a suspension bracket; 641. a suspension support; 642. an upper support circular table portion; 643. a lower support circular table portion; 6431. a beam groove; 65. a rolling bearing; 7. an additive module; 71. a laser head; 72. feeding a filament head; 73. laser joint; 74. a material increase slide block; 75. laser upright post; 8. grinding and cutting the material module; 81. a small grinding wheel; 82. a grinding wheel column; 821. a wedge-shaped groove; 84. a column joint; 85. a grinding wheel motor; 86. a grinding wheel swing shaft; 87. a grinding wheel swing column; 88. a second conical gear; 89. a material reducing slide block; 9. a linkage beam; 11. a third drive mechanism; 111. a third drive motor; 112. a third support seat; 113. a third ball screw; 114. a coupling; 12. a fourth drive mechanism; 121. a fourth motor; 122. a fourth supporting seat; 123. a fourth ball screw; 124. a fourth lead screw connector; 13. a first connecting member; 131. a ball pin seat; 132. a ball stud; 133. a connecting rod; 15. a sixth drive mechanism; 151. a sixth drive gear; 152. a sixth drive motor; 21. a gear guard; 23. a wire feeding module; 231. a large wire feeding roller; 232. a large roller support; 26. a material fixing mechanism; 261. a material fixing small roller; 262. a small roller support; 50. a fifth drive mechanism; 501. a fifth drive motor; 502. a Z-direction ball screw; 503. a fifth lead screw connector; 504. a fifth supporting seat; 90. rotating the cross beam; 901. a rotating chamber; 902. a fixed cavity; 903. hanging a fixed ring; 70. laser subtracts material module.

Detailed Description

The invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the drawings and specific examples. Unless otherwise specified, the instruments or materials employed in the present invention are commercially available.

Example 1:

as shown in fig. 1 to 34, the rapid near-net forming device for a space revolving body of the present embodiment includes a fixed base 1, a first column 3, a gantry crane 4, a workbench 5, an additive module 7, a grinding and material reducing module 8, a linkage beam 9, a rotating beam 90, and a first connecting piece 13, where the gantry crane 4 includes a gantry crane beam 41 and a gantry crane column 42, the gantry crane beam 41 is located above the workbench 5, and the gantry crane columns 42 are located at two ends of the gantry crane beam 41; a first driving mechanism 43 is arranged in the gantry crane beam 41, and the rotating beam 90 horizontally moves relative to the gantry crane beam 41 under the driving of the first driving mechanism 43; the linkage beam 9 is arranged below the rotating beam 90, a second driving mechanism 6 is arranged in the rotating beam 90, and the second driving mechanism 6 is used for driving the linkage beam 9 to rotate relative to the rotating beam 90; the material increasing module 7 and the grinding material reducing module 8 are arranged at the lower part of the linkage cross beam 9, a third driving mechanism 11 is arranged in the linkage cross beam 9, and the third driving mechanism 11 is used for driving the material increasing module 7 and the grinding material reducing module 8 to synchronously and horizontally move relative to the linkage cross beam 9; a fifth driving mechanism 50 is arranged in the gantry crane upright post 42, and the fifth driving mechanism 50 is used for driving the gantry crane beam 41 to move up and down relative to the gantry crane upright post 42; the fixed base 1 comprises an inner base 101, an upper base 103 and a lower base 104, the inner base 101 and the upper base 103 are positioned on the lower base 104, the upper base 103 is sleeved outside the inner base 101, a sixth driving mechanism 15 is arranged in the fixed base 1, the upper base 103 rotates relative to the inner base 101 under the driving of the sixth driving mechanism 15, a gantry crane upright column 42 is fixed on the upper base 103, and the workbench 5 and the first upright column 3 are arranged on the inner base 101; the outer sides of at least two end parts of the workbench 5 are respectively and correspondingly provided with a first upright post 3, the first upright posts 3 are fixed above the inner base 101, and the workbench 5 and the inner base 101 are arranged at intervals; a fourth driving mechanism 12 for driving the end part of the workbench 5 to move up and down is arranged in the first upright post 3, the fourth driving mechanism 12 is connected with the end part of the workbench 5 through a first connecting piece 13, and the different end parts of the workbench 5 move up or down with unequal displacement, so that the workbench 5 inclines; the laser material reducing module 70 is connected below the gantry crane beam 41 and used for reducing the material of the workpiece on the workbench 5.

According to the invention, through the horizontal movement of the rotating beam 90, the rotating circular movement of the linkage beam 9, the tilting movement of the workbench 5, the synchronous horizontal movement of the material adding module 7 and the grinding material reducing module 8, the rotating movement of the gantry crane beam 41, the horizontal movement of the material adding module 7 and the grinding material reducing module 8 only needs to be carried out on the linkage beam 9 for a short distance (the two modules can carry out synchronous linkage and can also carry out respective independent movement, and the relative movement mode is very flexible), so that the real-time synchronous processing of two material adding stations and two material reducing stations (the two stations keep the distance of a half revolving body rotating period, and do not need additional station adjustment) of a complex structural member can be effectively realized. The synchronous processing mode can flexibly and efficiently finish high-precision material reduction processing of the inner side surface and the outer side surface of a complex structural member, strictly controls the height of the mass center of the whole equipment to improve the stability under the reasonable motion matching and transmission arrangement design of independent control of multiple degrees of freedom, basically realizes gapless fusion of two stations, saves a large amount of working hours and energy consumption required by station conversion, further shortens the processing flow and the production period, and highlights the advantages of short flow and near-net forming of the synchronous composite processing method of multi-station integration.

As shown in fig. 1, the device further comprises an outer cover 2, wherein the outer cover 2 is fixed on the fixed base 1 and separates the workbench 5, the grinding material reducing module 8, the material increasing module 7 and the gantry crane 4 from the outside. In this embodiment, the outer cover 2 is fixed on the upper base 103, and the article placing opening is opened on the outer cover 2, and the article placing door capable of being closed and opened is installed on the article placing opening. Dustcoat 2 is the translucent cover, is convenient for observe the behavior of core component, and on the other hand, dustcoat 2 is used for sealed protection core component, and operational environment and external environment improve processingquality and operating personnel security in the isolated equipment.

The outer cover 2 is provided with an air inlet and an air outlet for vacuumizing or introducing protective gas into the outer cover 2. In this embodiment, the air inlet and the air outlet are respectively and oppositely disposed on the sidewall of the housing 2 and respectively disposed near the upper portion and the lower portion of the housing 2. Generally, inert gas or protective gas such as carbon dioxide is heavier than air, an air inlet is arranged at the lower part, an air outlet is arranged at the upper part, slow air inlet is kept during the processing, and the inside of the outer cover 2 is in a negative high-pressure state.

The gantry crane beam 41 comprises a beam housing and a beam cover, and the beam housing is hollow for placing the first driving mechanism 43.

As shown in fig. 4 to 17, the first driving mechanism 43 of the gantry crane beam 41 is adopted to drive the rotating beam 90 to move horizontally, the linkage beam 9 integrates the material increasing module 7 and the grinding material reducing module 8, the linkage beam 9 is rotated by the second driving mechanism 6 to drive the material increasing module 7 and the grinding material reducing module 8 to move rotationally, the material increasing module 7 and the grinding material reducing module 8 are rotated to any position of a workpiece, and the requirements of multi-directional processing of complex parts are met by matching with the synchronous horizontal movement of the material increasing module 7 and the grinding material reducing module 8, so that various complex parts with different forms of curved surfaces can be processed, especially space revolving body parts with unequal curved surface heights.

As shown in fig. 4, the first driving mechanism 43 includes a first motor 431, a first supporting base 432, a first horizontal ball screw 433, and a first screw connector 434, the first motor 431 is used for driving the first horizontal ball screw 433 to rotate, the first horizontal ball screw 433 is supported in the gantry crane cross beam 41 through the first supporting base 432, and the rotating cross beam 90 is connected with the first horizontal ball screw 433 through the first screw connector 434. In this embodiment, the gantry crane beam 41 is hollow and is provided with a horizontal driving installation hole 412, the horizontal driving installation hole 412 is separated into two parts through a vertically arranged separation support plate 411, a strip-shaped groove 413 is formed in one side of the gantry crane beam 41 close to the rotating beam 90, and the strip-shaped groove 413 and the first horizontal ball screw 433 are arranged in a staggered manner. When the first motor 431 is activated, the rotating beam 90 is driven by the first horizontal ball screw 433 to move horizontally. The rotating beam 90 moves along the gantry crane beam 41, so that the working center of the inclined workbench 5 can be adjusted and ensured to coincide with the material adding and reducing machining center, and positioning errors caused by the inclined workbench 5 are avoided.

As shown in fig. 5 to 11, the rotating beam 90 includes a rotating cavity 901 formed through the upper and lower surfaces of the rotating beam 90 and a fixing cavity 902 communicated with the rotating cavity 901, and a suspension fixing ring 903 is horizontally arranged at the bottom of the rotating cavity 901 along the circumferential direction; the second driving mechanism 6 comprises a disc bevel gear 62, a driving bevel gear 63, a suspension bracket 64 and a rolling bearing 65 which are positioned in a rotating cavity 901, and a second driving motor 61 which is positioned in a fixed cavity 902, the suspension bracket 64 is placed on a suspension fixing ring 903, the outer wall of the suspension bracket 64 is in fit connection with the inner wall of the rotating cavity 901 through the rolling bearing 65, the disc bevel gear 62 is fixed on the suspension bracket 64 and is matched with the driving bevel gear 63, the second driving motor 61 drives the driving bevel gear 63 to rotate to drive the suspension bracket 64 to rotate, and the linkage beam 9 is fixed at the lower part of the suspension bracket 64.

As shown in fig. 8 to 10, the suspension bracket 64 includes a suspension support portion 641, an upper support circular table portion 642 and a lower support circular table portion 643 are respectively provided on the upper and lower surfaces of the suspension support portion 641, the linkage beam 9 is fixed at the bottom of the lower support circular table portion 643, the inner hole of the disc bevel gear 62 is sleeved outside the upper support circular table portion 642 and fixed, the suspension support portion 641 is placed on the suspension fixing ring 903, and the outer wall of the suspension support portion 641 is matched with the inner wall of the rotation cavity 901 through the rolling bearing 65, so that the rotation of the suspension bracket 64 is realized, and the sliding friction is reduced. The lower support circular table portion 643 is provided with a beam groove 6431 for placing the fixed linkage beam 9, which facilitates disassembly and maintenance.

As shown in fig. 5 to 7, a wire feeding module 23 is further disposed in the rotating beam 90, the wire feeding module 23 includes a large wire feeding roller 231 and a large roller support 232, and the large roller support 232 is located at two ends of the large wire feeding roller 231 and fixed on the web of the disc bevel gear 62. The wire feeding module 23 is used for storing the wire of the processing material and synchronously feeding the wire during work. In this embodiment, the large wire feeding rollers 231 are symmetrically disposed in the rotating beam 90, so that the wire feeding is not wound when the disc bevel gear 62 is rotated, and the centrifugal forces can be offset.

In this embodiment, a through hole is formed in the suspension bracket 64, and the wire feeding module 23 feeds the wire to the through hole and reaches the additive module 7 for additive processing. The material fixing mechanism 26 is arranged above the through hole, the material fixing mechanism 26 comprises a small roller bracket 262 and two material fixing small rollers 261, and the two material fixing small rollers 261 are supported on the small roller bracket 262 and used for positioning the raw material wires. And a round groove with the size equivalent to that of the wire is arranged in the middle of the material fixing small roller 261 of the material fixing mechanism 26, so that the accuracy is enhanced. The rotating cavity 901 is located in the right middle of the rotating beam 90 and is in a disc shape, the second driving motor 61 on one side of the rotating beam 90 drives the disc bevel gear 62 in the rotating cavity 901 of the rotating beam 90 to rotate, the suspension bracket 64 is connected with the inner wall of the rotating cavity 901 by the rolling bearing 65, and the material increasing module 7 and the grinding material reducing module 8 below the suspension bracket 64 rotate around the Z axis relative to the rotating beam 90.

As shown in fig. 7 (in this figure, the gear protection cover 21 is moved up to actually position the gear protection cover 21 for clarity), in this embodiment, a gear protection cover 21 is further disposed in the rotation chamber 901, the gear protection cover 21 is disposed between the wire feeding module 23 and the gear portion of the disc bevel gear 62 to separate the wire feeding module 23 from the gear portion of the disc bevel gear 62, and the lower end of the gear protection cover 21 is disposed on the web of the disc bevel gear 62 and the upper end thereof abuts against the cross beam cover to stabilize the disc bevel gear 62.

As shown in fig. 12 and 13, a third driving mechanism 11 for driving the additive module 7 and the grinding material reducing module 8 to move in the horizontal direction is arranged in the linkage beam 9; the third driving mechanism 11 includes a third driving motor 111, a third supporting seat 112 and a third ball screw 113, the third driving motor 111 drives the third ball screw 113 to rotate, the third ball screw 113 is supported in the linkage cross beam 9 through the third supporting seat 112, and the upper portions of the material increase module 7 and the grinding material reduction module 8 are respectively connected and matched with the third ball screw 113. The material increasing module 7 and the material reducing grinding module 8 on the linkage cross beam 9 can move along the linkage cross beam 9, so that the degree of freedom of the working module is greatly widened, and the production flexibility of the whole equipment is improved.

As shown in fig. 13, in the present embodiment, the additive material module 7 and the grinding and material reducing module 8 share the same third driving mechanism 11 of the same linkage beam 9. When the third driving motor 111 is started, the additive material module 7 and the grinding material reducing module 8 are close to or far away from each other, and move towards or towards each other as a whole. Each third driving mechanism 11 includes two third ball screws 113 and a coupling 114 for connecting the two third ball screws 113, the material adding module 7 and the grinding material reducing module 8 are respectively assembled on the two third ball screws 113 with opposite rotation directions, the material adding module 7 and the grinding material reducing module 8 are respectively installed on the two third ball screws 113 through horizontal screw nuts, and the rotation directions of the two horizontal screw nuts are opposite (the rotation directions of the horizontal screw nuts are the same as those of the respective third ball screws 113). The third driving motor 111 drives one of the third ball screws 113 to rotate, and transmits torque to the other third ball screw 113 through the coupling 114. When the third driving motor 111 rotates forward, the two horizontal screw nuts on the third ball screw 113 will gradually approach each other; when the third drive motor 111 rotates in reverse, the two horizontal screw nuts on the third ball screw 113 are gradually moved away. The linkage beam 9 is connected with a third ball screw 113 through a third driving motor 111 in a transmission manner, and two horizontal screw nuts in reverse fit are controlled to move in opposite directions, so that the linkage effect of the material increasing module 7 and the material reducing grinding module 8 is realized.

In other embodiments, two third driving mechanisms 11 are adopted on the same linkage beam 9 to drive the additive material module 7 and the grinding material reducing module 8 respectively, the third ball screws 113 of the two third driving mechanisms 11 have opposite rotating directions, and the movement of the additive material module 7 or the grinding material reducing module 8 in the horizontal direction is controlled by the third driving motor 111 in the linkage beam 9. Two groups of third driving mechanisms 11 are arranged in one linkage beam 9 and used for controlling the material increasing module 7 and the material grinding and reducing module 8 respectively, and compared with the method that the same third driving mechanisms 11 are adopted to drive the material increasing module 7 and the material grinding and reducing module 8 simultaneously, the two groups of third driving mechanisms 11 reduce the bearing capacity of each third ball screw 113, improve the load bearing capacity of the gantry crane upright column 42 and enhance the positioning accuracy and stability in the process of working.

As shown in fig. 13 and 17, a sizing mechanism 26 is disposed above the feeding port of the wire feeding head 72, the sizing mechanism 26 includes a small roller support 262 and two small sizing rollers 261, and the two small sizing rollers 261 are supported on the small roller support 262 for positioning the raw material wires. And a round groove with the size equivalent to that of the wire is arranged in the middle of the material fixing small roller 261 of the material fixing mechanism 26, so that the accuracy is enhanced.

As shown in fig. 16, the additive module 7 includes a laser head 71, a wire feeding head 72, a laser joint 73, an additive slider 74 and a laser upright post 75, the additive slider 74 is connected and matched with the third ball screw 113, the laser joint 73 is connected between the additive slider 74 and the laser upright post 75, and the laser head 71 and the wire feeding head 72 are located below the laser upright post 75. In this embodiment, the material increase slider 74 is provided with a through hole, the inner wall of the through hole is provided with threads, the material increase slider is sleeved on the third ball screw 113, and the material increase slider 74 penetrates through the linkage beam 9 from the third ball screw 113 to be connected with the laser joint 73.

As shown in fig. 16, a certain included angle α is formed between the laser emission direction of the laser head 71 and the wire feeding direction of the wire feeding head 72, and the included angle α between the laser emission direction and the wire feeding direction is 45 ° (in other embodiments, α is greater than 0 and less than 90 ° can achieve the same or similar technical effect). The small material fixing roller 261 is arranged on the wire feeding head 72, a circular groove equivalent to wires is formed in the middle of the small material fixing roller 261, accuracy is improved, and wire feeding holes for raw wires to pass through are formed in the upper portion of the wire feeding head 72 below the two small material fixing rollers 261.

As shown in fig. 14 and 15, the grinding material reducing module 8 includes a small grinding wheel 81, a grinding wheel upright 82, an upright joint 84, a grinding wheel swing shaft 86, a grinding wheel swing post 87, two second bevel gears 88 and a material reducing slide block 89 which are meshed with each other for transmission, the material reducing slide block 89 is connected with a third ball screw 113, the upper end of the upright joint 84 is connected with the material reducing slide block 89, the lower end of the upright joint 84 is connected with the grinding wheel upright 82, a grinding wheel motor 85 is coaxial with one of the second bevel gears 88, the other second bevel gear 88 is fixedly connected with the grinding wheel upright 82 through the grinding wheel swing shaft 86 which is transversely arranged, the grinding wheel swing shaft 86 is vertically connected with the grinding wheel swing post 87, and the lower end of the grinding wheel swing post 87 is connected with the small grinding wheel 81, so that the grinding wheel swing shaft 86 is driven to realize the swing of the small grinding wheel 81, thereby enhancing the milling precision of a curved surface to grind and process a workpiece side surface angle. In this embodiment, the material reducing slider 89 is provided with a through hole, the inner wall of the through hole is provided with threads, the third ball screw 113 is sleeved with the through hole, and the material reducing slider 89 penetrates the linkage beam 9 from the third ball screw 113 to be connected with the column joint 84.

The bottom of the grinding wheel column 82 is provided with a wedge-shaped groove 821, which not only ensures the rotation of the small grinding wheel 81, but also plays a certain sealing role. The laser upright column 75 and the grinding wheel upright column 82 are in modular design, and are convenient to install, maintain and replace.

As shown in fig. 17 and 18, the device includes a fifth driving mechanism 50, the fifth driving mechanism 50 includes a fifth driving motor 501 installed in the gantry crane column 42, a plurality of Z-direction ball screws 502 and a fifth screw connecting member 503, wherein a Z-direction ball screw 502 is driven by the fifth driving motor 501 to rotate, one end of the fifth screw connecting member 503 is fixedly connected to the gantry crane beam 41, the other end is sleeved with the Z-direction ball screw 502 and driven by the Z-direction ball screw 502 to move in the Z-direction, and fifth supporting seats 504 for fixing the Z-direction ball screw 502 in the gantry crane column 42 are disposed at two ends of the Z-direction ball screw 502.

The movement of the gantry crane beam 41 in the Z-axis direction is controlled by a fifth driving motor 501 in the gantry crane column 42. The gantry crane beam 41 drives the material adding module 7 and the grinding material reducing module 8 to move up and down in the Z-axis direction under the fixing and driving action of the fifth screw rod connectors 503 on the two sides. In this embodiment, the fifth driving mechanism 50 is located at the upper half of the gantry crane column 42, and the fifth driving motor 501 is a servo motor and respectively drives two Z-directional ball screws 502. An upright column inner hole is formed in the upper half part of the upright column 42 of the gantry crane, the fifth driving mechanism 50 is located in the upright column inner hole, a front groove for the fifth screw rod connecting piece 503 to pass through is formed in one side, close to the gantry crane cross beam 41, of the upright column 42 of the gantry crane, and the front groove is communicated with the upright column inner hole. The inner bore of the column is divided into two parts by a horizontally disposed partition plate, one part accommodates the fifth driving motor 501, and the other part accommodates other important parts of the fifth driving mechanism 50. In other embodiments, the fifth driving motor 501 is directly connected to the Z-direction ball screw 502 to drive the Z-direction ball screw 502 to rotate. In this embodiment, the front groove and the Z direction ball screw 502 are arranged in a staggered manner, so that abrasion chips are prevented from directly entering the front groove and being bonded on the Z direction ball screw 502 to influence transmission, and the service life of the device is prolonged.

As shown in fig. 20 to 23, a roller support 1031 is disposed on an outer side wall of the upper base 103, the roller support 1031 is used for supporting the slide roller 105, the slide roller 105 slides on the slide rail 10421, an upper cover 1033 is disposed on an upper portion of the upper base 103, the upper cover 1033 is disposed on the outer flange 1042 and separates the slide roller 105 and the slide rail 10421 from the outside, and abrasive dust is prevented from entering the slide rail 10421.

As shown in fig. 24 to 26, the lower base 104 includes an inner boss 1041 and an outer flange 1042 spaced from the inner boss 1041, a space between the outer flange 1042 and the inner boss 1041 is a receiving space, an inner gear 1032 is disposed inside a bottom of the upper base 103, the inner gear 1032 and the sixth driving mechanism 15 are located in the receiving space, the sixth driving mechanism 15 includes a sixth driving motor 152 and a sixth driving gear 151 connected to an output end of the sixth driving motor 152, and the sixth driving gear 151 and the inner gear 1032 are in meshing transmission, in this embodiment, the upper base 103 is in a circular ring shape, so as to implement a rotation motion of the upper base 103 relative to the lower base 104. In the invention, the upper base 103 is positioned above the lower base 104 and covers the lower base 104, so that the accommodating space is isolated from the outside, the transmission mechanism of the upper base 103 is prevented from being influenced by abrasive dust, and the service life of the device is prolonged. As shown in fig. 21, the fixing base 1 further includes a lower plate 102, and the lower plate 102 is located between the inner base 101 and the inner boss 1041 to provide support for the inner base 101.

As shown in fig. 28, the fourth driving mechanism 12 includes a fourth motor 121, a fourth supporting seat 122, a fourth ball screw 123 and a fourth screw connecting member 124, the fourth ball screw 123 is vertically disposed, the fourth motor 121 is configured to drive the fourth ball screw 123 to rotate, the fourth supporting seat 122 is supported at two ends of the fourth ball screw 123, the fourth screw connecting member 124 is sleeved outside the fourth ball screw 123, and the fourth screw connecting member 124 extends from the inside of the first upright 3 to the outside of the first upright 3 and is connected to the first connecting member 13.

In this embodiment, the first column 3 is provided with a column front groove on a side close to the workbench 5, the column front groove is used for the fourth screw rod connecting piece 124 to pass through, the column front groove is communicated with the inner hole of the first column 3, and the column front groove and the fourth ball screw 123 are arranged in a staggered manner, so that the transmission of the fourth driving mechanism 12 is prevented from being affected by the abrasive dust.

As shown in fig. 29, 30 and 32, the first connecting member 13 includes a ball pin seat 131, a ball pin 132 and a connecting rod 133, one end of the ball pin seat 131 is connected to one end of the worktable 5, the other end of the ball pin seat is connected to and matched with the ball pin 132, the connecting rod 133 is sleeved outside the ball pin 132, and the fourth driving mechanism 12 is connected to the connecting rod 133. In this embodiment, the connecting rod 133 is made of an elastic material, can elastically extend in the length direction, and is screwed with the ball stud 132.

As shown in fig. 31, the table 5 is provided with extension bars 51 at least at both ends thereof, and the extension bars 51 are connected to the ball pin base 131. In this embodiment, four first columns 3 are included, each first column 3 is provided with a fourth driving mechanism 12 for driving four ends of the working table 5, the fourth driving mechanisms 12 independently drive the extending rods 51 corresponding to the working table 5, the working table 5 is inclined at different angles by the movement of different extending rods 51 in the height direction at different distances, and the extending rods 51 are cylindrical and are convenient to match with the first connecting members 13. In other embodiments, the worktable 5 may be provided with different numbers of the extension rods 51 to achieve different inclination angles according to the complexity of the parts.

According to the invention, through the reasonable matching of the inclined motion of the workbench 5, the rotary motion of the gantry crane beam 41, the synchronous horizontal motion of the material adding module 7 and the grinding material reducing module 8 and the angle alpha adjustment of the laser head 71 and the wire feeding head 72 in the material adding module 7, the material adding module 7 and the grinding material reducing module 8 only need to perform short-distance horizontal movement on the gantry crane beam 41 (synchronous linkage can be performed between the two modules and independent motion can be performed respectively, and the relative motion mode is very flexible), and the real-time synchronous processing of two material adding and material reducing stations (the two stations keep a half-rotation-period distance and do not need extra station adjustment) of a complex revolving body can be effectively realized. The synchronous processing mode can flexibly and efficiently finish high-precision material reduction processing of the inner side surface and the outer side surface of a complex structural member, strictly controls the height of the mass center of the whole equipment to improve the stability under the reasonable motion matching and transmission arrangement design of independent control of multiple degrees of freedom, basically realizes gapless fusion of two stations, saves a large amount of working hours and energy consumption required by station conversion, further shortens the processing flow and the production period, and highlights the advantages of short flow and near-net forming of the synchronous composite processing method of multi-station integration.

As shown in fig. 1, the device further comprises a housing 2, wherein the housing 2 is fixed on the fixed base 1 and separates the grinding material reduction module 8 and the material increase module 7 of the workbench 5 from the outside. In this embodiment, unable adjustment base 1 top cover is equipped with dustcoat 2, has seted up on dustcoat 2 and has put the thing mouth (not shown in the figure), puts and installs the thing door of putting that can close and open the thing mouth on putting the thing mouth. In this embodiment, dustcoat 2 is the translucent cover, is convenient for observe the behavior of core unit, and on the other hand, dustcoat 2 is used for sealed protection core unit, and operational environment and external environment in isolated equipment improve processingquality and operating personnel security.

As shown in fig. 34, the laser material reducing modules 70 are disposed at two end portions of the gantry crane beam 41, and each laser material reducing module includes a material reducing laser head and a material reducing support member, one end of each material reducing support member is connected to the gantry crane beam 41, the other end of each material reducing laser head is connected to the material reducing laser head, the material reducing laser heads can rotate on a vertical plane relative to the material reducing support members, an angle between a laser emission direction of each material reducing laser head and a horizontal direction is in a range of-90 ° to 90 °, and laser material reduction can be performed on a place where the material reducing modules 8 cannot be ground by grinding, especially when a groove or a side hole with a downward opening is formed in the outer surface of a target product and material reduction needs to be performed on the surface of the groove.

In the invention, the first upright column 3 and the gantry crane upright column 42 are both arranged along the vertical direction, and the Z direction refers to the vertical direction.

The machining method of the rapid near-net forming device of the space revolving body comprises the following steps of: placing a workpiece on a rotary workbench 5, starting a material increase module 7 to emit laser to generate a molten pool on the surface of the workpiece, sending raw materials to the position below the material increase module 7, melting the raw materials at the molten pool under the action of the laser and solidifying the molten materials on the workpiece, starting a grinding material reduction module 8 to synchronously reduce the material of the side surface of the solidified workpiece, changing the relative positions of the workpiece on the workbench 5, the material increase module 7 and the grinding material reduction module 8, moving the material increase module 7 upwards after a preset thickness layer is reached, and starting material increase processing of the next thickness layer;

changing the relative positions of the workpiece on the workbench 5 and the additive material module 7 and the grinding and material reducing module 8 comprises the following modes:

mode A: the first driving mechanism 43 is started to drive the rotating beam 90 to translate;

mode B: the second driving mechanism 6 is started to drive the linkage beam 9 to rotate;

mode C: starting a third driving mechanism 11 to drive the material increasing module 7 and the material reducing grinding module 8 to synchronously and horizontally move;

mode D: starting the sixth driving mechanism 15 to drive the upper base 103 to rotate so as to drive the gantry crane upright column 42 to rotate;

mode E: the fourth driving mechanism 12 is started to drive the workbench 5 to incline;

the material reducing processing comprises the following steps: rotating the small grinding wheel 81 of the grinding material cutting module 8 until the small grinding wheel is attached to the side surface of the workpiece to grind the side surface of the workpiece;

moving additive module 7 upward specifically includes: and opening the fifth driving mechanism 50 to drive the gantry crane beam 41 to move upwards.

The parts capable of being processed at one time comprise a space revolving body and a revolving body joint part with multi-axial curve, such as multi-way pipe fittings and the like, even a unidirectional array type multi-axial revolving body, or a small-batch rapid forming small revolving body part at one time, and the side surface is provided with a side hole or a groove needing to be ground, a typical part is shown in fig. 35, fig. 35(a) is a structural schematic diagram of the part, fig. 35(b) is a structural schematic diagram of another view angle of the part, and fig. 35(c) is a front view of the part.

Although the present invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiments, it is not intended to be limited thereto. Those skilled in the art can make numerous possible variations and modifications to the present invention, or modify equivalent embodiments to equivalent variations, without departing from the scope of the invention, using the teachings disclosed above. Therefore, any simple modification, equivalent change and modification made to the above embodiments according to the technical spirit of the present invention should fall within the protection scope of the technical scheme of the present invention, unless the technical spirit of the present invention departs from the content of the technical scheme of the present invention.

Claims

1. A quick near-net forming device of a space revolving body is characterized in that: the device comprises a fixed base (1), a first upright post (3), a gantry crane (4), a workbench (5), a material increase module (7), a grinding material reduction module (8), a laser material reduction module, a linkage beam (9), a rotating beam (90) and a first connecting piece (13), wherein the gantry crane (4) comprises a gantry crane beam (41) and a gantry crane upright post (42), the gantry crane beam (41) is positioned above the workbench (5), and the gantry crane upright (42) is positioned at two ends of the gantry crane beam (41);

a first driving mechanism (43) is arranged in the gantry crane beam (41), and the rotating beam (90) horizontally moves relative to the gantry crane beam (41) under the driving of the first driving mechanism (43);

the linkage cross beam (9) is arranged below the rotating cross beam (90), a second driving mechanism (6) is arranged in the rotating cross beam (90), and the second driving mechanism (6) is used for driving the linkage cross beam (9) to rotate relative to the rotating cross beam (90);

the material increasing module (7) and the grinding material reducing module (8) are mounted at the lower part of the linkage cross beam (9), a third driving mechanism (11) is arranged in the linkage cross beam (9), and the third driving mechanism (11) is used for driving the material increasing module (7) and the grinding material reducing module (8) to synchronously and horizontally move relative to the linkage cross beam (9);

a fifth driving mechanism (50) is arranged in the gantry crane upright post (42), and the fifth driving mechanism (50) is used for driving the gantry crane beam (41) to move up and down relative to the gantry crane upright post (42);

the fixed base (1) comprises an inner base (101), an upper base (103) and a lower base (104), the inner base (101) and the upper base (103) are located on the lower base (104), the upper base (103) is sleeved on the outer side of the inner base (101), a sixth driving mechanism (15) is arranged in the fixed base (1), the upper base (103) rotates relative to the inner base (101) under the driving of the sixth driving mechanism (15), a gantry crane upright (42) is fixed on the upper base (103), and the workbench (5) and the first upright (3) are arranged on the inner base (101);

the outer sides of at least two end parts of the workbench (5) are respectively provided with the first upright posts (3), the first upright posts (3) are fixed above the inner base (101), and the workbench (5) and the inner base (101) are arranged at intervals; a fourth driving mechanism (12) for driving the end part of the workbench (5) to move up and down is arranged in the first upright post (3), the fourth driving mechanism (12) is connected with the end part of the workbench (5) through a first connecting piece (13), and the displacement of different end parts of the workbench (5) moving upwards or downwards is unequal, so that the workbench (5) is inclined;

the laser material reducing module (70) is connected below the gantry crane beam (41) and used for reducing the material of the side face of a workpiece on the workbench (5).

2. The rapid near-net-shape forming device of claim 1, wherein: the rotating beam (90) is provided with a rotating cavity (901) penetrating through the upper surface and the lower surface of the rotating beam (90) and a fixed cavity (902) communicated with the rotating cavity (901), and the bottom of the rotating cavity (901) is horizontally provided with a suspension fixed ring (903) in the circumferential direction;

the second driving mechanism (6) comprises a disc bevel gear (62), a driving bevel gear (63), a suspension frame (64), a rolling bearing (65) and a second driving motor (61), wherein the disc bevel gear (62), the driving bevel gear (63), the suspension frame (64) and the rolling bearing (65) are positioned in a rotating cavity (901), the second driving motor (61) is positioned in a fixed cavity (902), the suspension frame (64) is placed on a suspension fixing ring (903), the outer wall of the suspension frame (64) is connected with the inner wall of the rotating cavity (901) in a matched mode through the rolling bearing (65), the disc bevel gear (62) is fixed on the suspension frame (64) and matched with the driving bevel gear (63), the second driving motor (61) drives the driving bevel gear (63) to rotate to drive the suspension frame (64) to rotate, and the linkage beam (9) is fixed to the lower portion of the suspension frame (64).

3. The rapid near-net-shape forming device of claim 2, wherein: the suspension frame (64) comprises a suspension support portion (641), an upper support circular table portion (642) and a lower support circular table portion (643) are respectively arranged on the upper surface and the lower surface of the suspension support portion (641), the linkage cross beam (9) is fixed to the bottom of the lower support circular table portion (643), an inner hole of the disc bevel gear (62) is sleeved outside the upper support circular table portion (642) and fixed, the suspension support portion (641) is placed on a suspension fixing ring (903), and the outer wall of the suspension support portion (641) is matched with the inner wall of the rotating cavity (901) through a rolling bearing (65).

4. The rapid near net-shape forming device of any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein: the third driving mechanism (11) comprises a third driving motor (111), a third supporting seat (112), a third ball screw (113) and a coupler (114), the third ball screws (113) with two opposite rotating directions are horizontally arranged and are connected through the coupler (114), the third driving motor (111) is used for driving the third ball screw (113) to rotate, the third supporting seat (112) is supported at the end of the third ball screw (113), and the two third ball screws (113) are respectively connected with the material adding module (7) and the grinding material reducing module (8).

5. The rapid near net-shape forming device of any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein: the lower base (104) comprises an inner boss (1041) and an outer flange (1042) arranged at an interval with the inner boss (1041), a space between the outer flange (1042) and the inner boss (1041) is an accommodating space, an inner gear (1032) is arranged on the inner side of the bottom of the upper base (103), the inner gear (1032) and a sixth driving mechanism (15) are located in the accommodating space, the sixth driving mechanism (15) comprises a sixth driving motor (152) and a sixth driving gear (151) connected to the output end of the sixth driving motor (152), and the sixth driving gear (151) and the inner gear (1032) are in meshing transmission.

6. The rapid near net-shape forming device of any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein: the gantry crane is characterized in that a front groove is formed in one side, close to a gantry crane cross beam (41), of the gantry crane upright column (42), the fifth driving mechanism (50) comprises a fifth driving motor (501), a Z-direction ball screw (502), a fifth screw connecting piece (503) and a fifth supporting seat (504), the Z-direction ball screw (502) is driven to rotate by the fifth driving motor (501), one end of the fifth screw connecting piece (503) is connected with the Z-direction ball screw (502), the other end of the fifth screw connecting piece penetrates through the front groove to be connected and fixed with the gantry crane cross beam (41), the fifth supporting seat (504) is used for supporting two ends of the Z-direction ball screw (502), and the Z-direction ball screw (502) and the front groove are arranged in a staggered mode.

7. The rapid near net-shape forming device of any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein: first connecting piece (13) include ball key seat (131), bulb round pin (132), connecting rod (133), ball key seat (131) one end and workstation (5) an end connection, the other end is connected the cooperation with bulb round pin (132), outside bulb round pin (132) was located in connecting rod (133) cover, fourth actuating mechanism (12) are connected with connecting rod (133).

8. The rapid near net-shape forming device of claim 7, wherein: first stand (3) has seted up the stand front groove being close to workstation (5) one side, fourth actuating mechanism (12) include fourth motor (121), fourth supporting seat (122), fourth ball (123) and fourth screw connecting piece (124), fourth ball (123) vertical setting, fourth motor (121) are used for driving fourth ball (123) rotatory, fourth supporting seat (122) support at fourth ball (123) both ends, fourth screw connecting piece (124) cover is established outside fourth ball (123), fourth screw connecting piece (124) pass the stand front groove in first stand (3) and extend to outside first stand (3) and be connected with first connecting piece (13), fourth ball (123) and stand front groove dislocation set.

9. A fast near net shape forming apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein: the grinding material reducing module (8) comprises a grinding wheel upright post (82), a small grinding wheel (81) which is positioned outside the grinding wheel upright post (82) and used for milling or grinding the side face of a workpiece, a grinding wheel motor (85), a grinding wheel swing shaft (86) and a grinding wheel swing column (87) which are positioned in the grinding wheel upright post (82), wherein the grinding wheel motor (85) drives the grinding wheel swing shaft (86) horizontally arranged to rotate so as to drive the small grinding wheel (81) to swing, and the upper end and the lower end of the grinding wheel swing column (87) are respectively connected with the grinding wheel swing shaft (86) and the small grinding wheel (81).

10. A method of manufacturing a device for rapid near-net shape forming of a space rotary body according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:

placing a workpiece on a rotary workbench (5), starting an additive module (7) to emit laser to generate a molten pool on the surface of the workpiece, sending raw materials to the lower part of the additive module (7), melting the raw materials at the molten pool under the action of the laser and solidifying the molten materials on the workpiece, starting a grinding and material reducing module (8) to synchronously reduce the side surface of the solidified workpiece, changing the relative positions of the workpiece on the workbench (5), the additive module (7) and the grinding and material reducing module (8), moving the additive module (7) upwards after a preset thickness layer is reached, and starting additive processing of the next thickness layer;

the relative positions of the workpiece on the workbench (5) and the additive module (7) and the grinding material reducing module (8) are changed in the following modes:

mode A: a first driving mechanism (43) is started to drive the rotating beam (90) to translate;

mode B: a second driving mechanism (6) is started to drive the linkage beam (9) to rotate;

mode C: starting a third driving mechanism (11) to drive the material increasing module (7) and the material grinding and reducing module (8) to synchronously and horizontally move;

mode D: starting a sixth driving mechanism (15) to drive an upper base (103) to rotate so as to drive a gantry crane upright post (42) to rotate;

mode E: starting a fourth driving mechanism (12) to drive the workbench (5) to incline;

the material reducing processing comprises the following steps: rotating a small grinding wheel (81) of the grinding material cutting module (8) until the small grinding wheel is attached to the side face of the workpiece to grind the side face of the workpiece; and

adjusting the laser emission direction of the laser material reducing module (70), and starting the laser material reducing module (70) to emit laser to reduce the material of the side surface of the workpiece;

the upward-moving additive module (7) specifically comprises: and opening a fifth driving mechanism (50) to drive the gantry crane beam (41) to move upwards.