CN114453725A - Near-net forming method and device for multi-axis and axis-variable component - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a near-net forming device of a multi-axis and axis-variable component, which comprises a fixed base, a gantry crane, an additive module, a grinding material reducing module, a laser material reducing module, a composite working platform and the like, wherein the fixed base comprises an inner base and an upper base, the upper base can rotate relative to the inner base, an upright post of the gantry crane is fixed on the upper base, and the composite working platform is arranged at the inner base; the device also comprises a linkage beam which is positioned below the gantry crane beam and can rotate relative to the gantry crane beam; the material increasing module and the grinding material reducing module are arranged at the lower part of the linkage beam and can horizontally move relative to the linkage beam; the composite working platform comprises a rotary working platform and a translation working platform which can respectively rotate and horizontally move relative to the inner base. The invention has the advantages of compact structure and the like.

Description

Near-net forming method and device for multi-axis and axis-variable component

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of desktop type laser processing equipment, in particular to a near-net forming method and device for a multi-axis and axis variable component.

Background

In traditional laser processing equipment, carry out increase material processing earlier, subtract material processing again, increase and decrease material processing can not accomplish simultaneously, need go up unloading operation and relocation again, though there is partial increase and decrease material equipment complex at present, but there is the interference problem between each station, leads to increase and decrease material equipment complex to have certain limitation.

With the rapid development of the manufacturing industry in China, the customization demand of novel mechanical equipment is increasing day by day, and the structural integration and structural complexity degree of various parts are continuously improved. Meanwhile, in the aspect of processing high-performance complex parts, various requirements such as customization, high precision, high efficiency, low cost, low energy consumption, integration and integration are correspondingly provided. This provides a broad platform for development and technological improvement for additive/subtractive composite manufacturing techniques.

In order to further improve the processing precision and the surface quality of the additive forming part, a grinding processing link is required to be arranged in the material reducing process of the additive/material reducing composite manufacturing equipment. Moreover, a large amount of abrasive dust is generated during grinding, and under the condition that the sealing performance of the transmission system is insufficient, key transmission components such as a ball screw and a guide rod of the equipment are easy to accumulate abrasive dust and are seriously worn (at the moment, the abrasive dust acts as abrasive particles), so that the subsequent working precision of the equipment and the service life of the transmission system of the equipment are seriously influenced.

The existing desktop type increasing/decreasing composite manufacturing equipment lacks the consideration of protecting the inert gas in the laser material increasing process. At present, a large proportion of high-performance complex parts are all made of metal materials, and the metal materials have relatively high requirements on oxidation resistance of a specific gas environment in the process of laser additive rapid forming. Therefore, when the workpiece raw material is made of a metal material, the metal material is easily oxidized due to the lack of the protection of inert gas in the laser material increasing process, so that the forming quality of the metal material is influenced, and the method is narrow in application range and not suitable for processing the metal material. In addition, when the material is ground and cut, the splashed metal material may cause a safety hazard to an operator. The additive processing equipment of the existing additive/subtractive composite manufacturing equipment is only used for forming and manufacturing a specific or appointed material, and the consideration of composite material parts is lacked. Particularly, the material reducing processing link is really developed comprehensively with diversity and diversification. Generally, the material reducing part is only used for cutting (mainly milling) one surface in the material forming process. For part of complex parts, the parts need to be further ground after material increasing/reducing processing, but the material reducing function is not complete, so that the flexibility of the material reducing processing is lower under special working conditions. In summary, the existing material increasing/decreasing composite manufacturing technology and equipment design still have many defects.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a near-net forming method and device for a multi-axis and axis variable component.

In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

a near-net forming device of a multi-axis and axis-variable component comprises a fixed base, a gantry crane, an additive module, a grinding material reducing module, a laser material reducing module and a composite working platform, wherein the gantry crane comprises a gantry crane beam and a gantry crane upright post, the gantry crane beam is positioned above the composite working platform, the gantry crane upright post is positioned at two ends of the gantry crane beam, and the additive module and the grinding material reducing module are used for respectively performing additive processing and material reducing processing on parts on the composite working platform; the laser material reducing module is used for reducing the material of the side surface of the part on the composite working platform;

the composite working platform comprises a rotating platform assembly and a translation platform assembly, wherein the rotating platform assembly comprises a first base, a first driving mechanism and a rotating workbench, the rotating workbench is arranged on the first base, and the first driving mechanism is used for driving the rotating workbench to rotate relative to the first base;

the translation platform assembly comprises a second driving mechanism and a translation workbench, the translation workbench is arranged above the inner base, the second driving mechanism is used for driving the translation workbench to translate relative to the inner base, the rotation platform assembly is positioned on the translation workbench, and the translation workbench drives the rotation platform assembly to translate;

a third driving mechanism is arranged in the gantry crane beam, and the material increasing module and the grinding material reducing module are mounted at the lower part of the gantry crane beam and synchronously and horizontally move relative to the gantry crane beam under the driving of the third driving mechanism;

the fixed base comprises an inner base, an upper base and a lower base, the inner base and the upper base are located on the lower base, the outer side of the inner base is sleeved with the upper base, a fourth driving mechanism is arranged in the fixed base, the upper base rotates relative to the inner base under the driving of the fourth driving mechanism, the gantry crane is fixed on the upper base, and the composite working platform is arranged at the position of the inner base.

As a further improvement of the above technical solution:

second actuating mechanism is including being fixed in second servo motor and the X of inner base lower part to ball, translation workstation includes dull and stereotyped and the connecting plate that is located dull and stereotyped below, and inner base is equipped with the X that supplies the connecting plate to pass to the bar hole, and the lower part and the X of connecting plate are connected to ball, and second servo motor drive X drives the connecting plate to ball and follows X to removing, and X is to ball and X to bar hole dislocation set.

The first driving mechanism comprises a connecting bearing and a first driving motor, a rotary hole is formed in the upper surface of the first base, and a circular boss is arranged on the outer side of the periphery of the rotary hole;

the rotary worktable comprises an upper circular table cover and a lower rotary rod vertically connected below the upper circular table cover, the upper circular table cover is arranged on a circular boss, the lower rotary rod is inserted into a rotary hole, the inner ring of a connecting bearing is sleeved on the outer wall of the lower rotary rod, the outer ring of the connecting bearing is connected and matched with the side wall of the rotary hole, and the first driving motor drives the lower rotary rod to rotate so as to drive the upper circular table cover to rotate.

The upper circular platform cover is characterized in that an upper half groove is circumferentially arranged on the lower bottom surface of the upper circular platform cover, a lower half groove is circumferentially arranged on the upper surface of the circular boss, the upper half groove and the lower half groove are matched to form a sliding track, and a plurality of sliding balls are arranged in the sliding track.

The lower base comprises an inner boss and an outer boss arranged at an interval with the inner boss, the space between the outer boss and the inner boss is an accommodating space, an inner gear is arranged on the inner side of the bottom of the upper base, the inner gear and a fourth driving mechanism are located in the accommodating space, the fourth driving mechanism comprises a fourth driving motor and a fourth driving gear connected to the output end of the fourth driving motor, and the fourth driving gear is in meshing transmission with the inner gear.

And a fifth driving mechanism is installed in the gantry crane upright post and used for driving the gantry crane beam to move up and down.

The grinding material reducing module comprises a grinding wheel upright post, a small grinding wheel, a grinding wheel motor, a grinding wheel swing shaft and a grinding wheel swing post, wherein the small grinding wheel is located outside the grinding wheel upright post and used for milling or grinding the side face of a workpiece, the grinding wheel motor, the grinding wheel swing shaft and the grinding wheel swing post are located in the grinding wheel upright post, the grinding wheel motor drives the horizontally arranged grinding wheel swing shaft to rotate so as to drive the small grinding wheel to swing, and the upper end and the lower end of the grinding wheel swing post are respectively connected with the grinding wheel swing shaft and the small grinding wheel.

The vibration material disk module includes the laser head, send a first to send the raw materials to the laser head below to melt, the laser emission direction perpendicular to composite work platform upper surface of laser head just is contained angle alpha with the direction of sending a first, satisfies 0 < alpha < 90.

The grinding material cutting module further comprises two conical gears which are in meshed transmission with each other, one of the conical gears is fixed on the grinding wheel swinging shaft, and the grinding wheel motor drives one of the conical gears to rotate so as to drive the grinding wheel swinging shaft to rotate.

The bottom of the grinding wheel upright post is provided with a wedge-shaped groove.

The grinding material reducing module further comprises a grinding wheel fine adjustment shell and a stand column joint, the upper end of the stand column joint is connected with the cross beam, and the lower end of the stand column joint is connected with the grinding wheel stand column through the grinding wheel fine adjustment shell.

And two ends of the grinding wheel swinging shaft are fixed on the inner side wall of the grinding wheel upright post.

The grinding wheel upright column side wall is provided with a storage opening convenient to maintain and a storage door, and the storage door is used for opening and closing the storage opening.

As a general inventive concept, the present invention further provides a method for processing the near-net-shape forming device of the multi-axis and axis-variable component, comprising the following steps:

placing a workpiece on a composite working platform, starting a material increase module to emit laser to generate a molten pool on the surface of the workpiece, sending raw materials to the position below the material increase module, melting the raw materials at the molten pool under the action of the laser and solidifying the molten materials on the workpiece, starting a grinding material reduction module to synchronously reduce the material of the side surface of the solidified workpiece, changing the relative positions of the workpiece on the composite working platform, the material increase module and the grinding material reduction module, moving the material increase module upwards after a preset thickness layer is reached, and starting material increase processing of the next thickness layer;

the change of the relative positions of the workpiece on the composite working platform, the material adding module and the material grinding and reducing module comprises the following modes:

mode A: starting a first driving mechanism to drive the rotary worktable to rotate;

mode B: starting a second driving mechanism to drive the translation workbench to horizontally move;

mode C: starting a third driving mechanism to drive the material increasing module and the material grinding and reducing module to synchronously and horizontally move;

mode D: opening a fourth driving mechanism to drive the upper base to rotate so as to drive the gantry crane beam to rotate;

the material reducing machining specifically comprises: rotating the small grinding wheel of the grinding material reduction module until the small grinding wheel is attached to the side face of the workpiece to grind the side face of the workpiece; and

and adjusting the laser emission direction of the laser material reducing module, and starting the laser material reducing module to emit laser to reduce the material on the side surface of the workpiece.

As a further improvement of the above technical solution:

the specific steps of moving the additive module upwards comprise: and opening a fifth driving mechanism in the gantry crane upright column to drive the gantry crane beam to move upwards.

The near-net forming of the invention means that after the material is increased or decreased for one-time manufacturing and processing, only a small amount of processing is needed for the parts or no more processing is needed, and the final requirements of the needed parts are nearly met after the material is directly manufactured for one time, and the material can be directly used as a mechanical component.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:

1. according to the invention, through the rotary motion of the gantry crane beam, the rotary motion of the rotary worktable in the composite working platform, the horizontal motion of the lower worktable in the composite working platform and the up-and-down motion of the gantry crane beam, the requirement of multi-directional processing of complex parts is met, various complex parts and revolving body parts with curved surfaces in different shapes can be processed, especially parts with multiple axes and non-coincident axes can be processed and formed quickly; the rotation of the small grinding wheel is realized through the swinging of the grinding wheel shaft of the grinding material reducing module, the side wall of a part at any angle can be attached under the rotation of the grinding material reducing module, the material reducing module is matched with the material reducing of the laser material reducing module, the constraint of the part with a complex structure on the traditional grinding process is removed, and the production flexibility of the equipment is further improved.

2. According to the invention, a novel multi-shaft linkage transmission composite working platform is adopted, and the first driving mechanism and the second driving mechanism which control single-shaft transmission are arranged below the inner base, so that on one hand, the mass of parts such as the first driving mechanism and the second driving mechanism is concentrated under the base, the gravity center of the whole equipment device is reduced, the motion load of the working platform is reduced, and the efficiency of high efficiency and energy saving is realized while the stability of the equipment device is improved; on the other hand, the independent single-axial movement of the composite working platform is combined with the rotary movement of a gantry crane beam to realize the positioning of the workpiece at any point in the working plane, so that the current situation of single-degree-of-freedom movement of the traditional working platform is broken through, and the design of a processing module driving system is simplified.

3. The invention designs a more perfect sealing structure of the transmission system by combining the transmission characteristics of the equipment. A transmission systems such as first actuating mechanism and the second actuating mechanism for driving swivel work head and be used for driving translation workstation place under the base to X is to bar hole dislocation set to ball and its corresponding X, even if the abrasive dust enters into the bar downthehole and drops downwards, does not influence X to ball or Y to ball's transmission yet, has prolonged transmission part's life.

4. The invention designs the air-tight protective cover (namely the outer cover) with proper size performance, pays attention to the integral air tightness and protection performance of the equipment, ensures the integral air tightness of the device while completely not influencing the stability of a transmission system, is suitable for forming and processing various material parts capable of being processed by laser additive materials including metal materials, has extremely strong work adaptability aiming at diversified processing objects, and greatly expands the working service range of the equipment. The outer cover is isolated from the external environment, and can form a protective gas environment in a negative pressure state, so that the safety of operators is protected while the high-temperature oxidation of materials is prevented.

5. This device is for once installation increase and decrease material synchronous processing, compares with traditional multistation processing mode, and this equipment has saved dismantlement many times and installation work piece to and steps such as artifical transport work piece, greatly shortened operating time, improved work efficiency, reduced time cost and cost of labor.

6. The device adopts a desktop design, has a smaller integral structure and limited occupied space, can save a large amount of position space in work, and simultaneously has higher portability and flexibility, thereby realizing greater popularization in production.

7. During the operation of the device, the working moving path of each processing part is shorter, so that the whole processing flow is shortened, the production period of the workpiece is further shortened, and the production efficiency is improved. Under the processing advantages of short flow and short period, the energy consumed by the equipment for producing a single part is synchronously reduced along with the reduction of the production period, so that the energy consumption period in the part production process is correspondingly shortened, and the requirements of low energy consumption and low emission are indirectly met.

8. The material increasing module and the material reducing module are modularized devices, so that the device is simple and convenient to replace and maintain. The device adopts the paraxial wire feeding laser melting additive manufacturing technology (the additive module is provided with a wire feeding head and a laser head, and the wire feeding head and the laser head are provided with included angles) to be compounded with the grinding wheel grinding technology (small grinding wheels for grinding the additive module and the like), the production flexibility is high, and the device has extremely high conformity with the mixed flow assembly line which is widely applied in the current manufacturing industry.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the structure of the apparatus.

Fig. 2 is a schematic view of the device with the cover removed.

Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the fixed base and the composite working platform.

Fig. 4 is a top view of the stationary base and the composite work platform.

Fig. 5 is a sectional view taken along line a-a of fig. 4.

Fig. 6 is a schematic structural view of the first base.

Fig. 7 is a front view in half section of the first base.

Fig. 8 is a front view of the rotary table in half section.

Fig. 9 is a schematic structural view of the first base, the rotary table, and the driving mechanism thereof.

Fig. 10 is a front view of the first base, the rotary table and its driving mechanism.

Fig. 11 is a sectional view taken along line B-B of fig. 10.

Fig. 12 is a schematic structural view of the translation stage and its drive mechanism.

Fig. 13 is a schematic view of the structure of the translation stage and its drive mechanism (from another perspective, with the plate removed).

Fig. 14 is a top view of the stationary base.

Fig. 15 is a cross-sectional view taken along line C-C of fig. 14.

Fig. 16 is a schematic structural view of the upper base and its driving mechanism.

Fig. 17 is a schematic structural view of the upper base.

Fig. 18 is a schematic structural view of the lower base.

Fig. 19 is a top view of the lower base.

Fig. 20 is a sectional view taken along line D-D of fig. 19.

Fig. 21 is a schematic structural view of the translation stage.

FIG. 22 is a schematic view of the gantry crane beam and the feeding mechanism (with one of the gantry crane columns removed)

Fig. 23 is a schematic structural diagram of a fifth driving mechanism in a gantry crane column.

Fig. 24 is a schematic structural view of the third driving mechanism and the material increasing and decreasing module.

Fig. 25 is a schematic structural diagram of the inner beam of the gantry crane.

Fig. 26 is a schematic structural view of a grinding and material reducing module.

Fig. 27 is a schematic structural view of the grinding material reducing module (grinding wheel column removed).

Fig. 28 is a schematic structural view of an additive module.

FIG. 29 is a schematic view of the structure of another embodiment of the apparatus.

Fig. 30 is a schematic structural diagram of a part which can be processed at one time according to the invention.

The reference numerals in the figures denote: 1. a fixed base; 101. an inner base; 1011. an X-direction strip-shaped hole; 102. a lower base plate; 103. an upper base; 1031. a roller support; 1032. an internal gear; 1033. an upper cover; 104. a lower base; 1041. an inner boss; 1042. an outer flange; 10421. a sliding track; 105. a sliding roller; 2. a housing; 3. a fourth drive mechanism; 301. a fourth drive gear; 302. a fourth drive motor; 4. a gantry crane; 41. a gantry crane beam; 411. a beam cover; 412. a beam housing; 413. a support plate; 414. a mounting cavity; 42. a gantry crane upright post; 5. rotating the working table; 501. a lower swing lever; 502. an upper round table cover; 5021. an upper half groove; 100. supporting a positioning block; 6. a translation work table; 601. a flat plate; 602. a connecting plate; 6021. a vertical plate; 6022. a transverse plate; 60221. a limiting hole; 7. an additive module; 71. a laser head; 72. feeding a filament head; 73. laser joint; 74. a material increase slide block; 75. laser upright post; 8. grinding and cutting the material module; 81. a small grinding wheel; 82. a grinding wheel column; 821. a wedge-shaped groove; 84. a column joint; 85. a grinding wheel motor; 86. a grinding wheel swing shaft; 87. a grinding wheel swing column; 88. a bevel gear; 89. a material reducing slide block; 9. a sliding ball; 10. a first base; 1001. a rotary hole; 1002. a circular boss; 10021. a lower half tank; 15. a first drive mechanism; 1511. connecting a bearing; 1512. a bearing baffle; 1513. a driven wheel; 1514. a driving wheel; 1515. a first drive motor; 17. a second drive mechanism; 171. a second servo motor; 172. an input gear; 173. an output gear; 174. an X-direction ball screw; 22. a third drive mechanism; 221. a third drive motor; 222. a third support seat; 223. a third horizontal ball screw; 23. a feeding mechanism; 26. a material fixing mechanism; 261. a small roller; 262. a small roller support; 50. a fifth drive mechanism; 5001. a fifth drive motor; 5002. a Z-direction ball screw; 5003. a lead screw connector; 5004. a ball screw supporting seat; 70. laser subtracts material module.

Detailed Description

The invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the drawings and specific examples. Unless otherwise specified, the instruments or materials employed in the present invention are commercially available.

Example 1:

as shown in fig. 1 to 28, the near-net forming device of the multi-axis and axis variable component of the present invention includes a fixed base 1, a gantry crane 4, an additive module 7, a grinding and material reducing module 8, a laser material reducing module 70, and a composite working platform, wherein the gantry crane 4 includes a gantry crane beam 41 and a gantry crane column 42, the gantry crane beam 41 is located above the composite working platform, the gantry crane column 42 is located at two ends of the gantry crane beam 41, and the additive module 7 and the grinding and material reducing module 8 respectively perform additive processing and material reducing processing on parts on the composite working platform; the laser material reducing module 70 is used for reducing the material of the side surface of the part,

the fixed base 1 comprises an inner base 101, an upper base 103 and a lower base 104, the inner base 101 and the upper base 103 are positioned on the lower base 104, the upper base 103 is sleeved outside the inner base 101, a fourth driving mechanism 3 is arranged in the fixed base 1, the upper base 103 rotates relative to the inner base 101 under the driving of the fourth driving mechanism 3, the gantry crane upright column 42 is fixed on the upper base 103, and the composite working platform is arranged at the inner base 101;

a third driving mechanism 22 is arranged in the gantry crane beam 41, and the material increasing module 7 and the material grinding and reducing module 8 are arranged at the lower part of the gantry crane beam 41 and synchronously and horizontally move relative to the gantry crane beam 41 under the driving of the third driving mechanism 22;

the composite working platform comprises a rotating platform assembly and a translation platform assembly, the rotating platform assembly comprises a first base 10, a first driving mechanism 15 and a rotating workbench 5, the rotating workbench 5 is arranged on the first base 10, and the first driving mechanism 15 is used for driving the rotating workbench 5 to rotate relative to the first base 10;

the translation platform assembly comprises a second driving mechanism 17 and a translation workbench 6, the translation workbench 6 is installed above the inner base 101, the second driving mechanism 17 is used for driving the translation workbench 6 to translate relative to the inner base 101, the rotating platform assembly is located on the translation workbench 6, and the translation workbench 6 drives the rotating platform assembly to translate.

The laser material reducing modules 70 are arranged at two end parts of the gantry crane beam 42 and comprise material reducing laser heads and material reducing supporting pieces, one ends of the material reducing supporting pieces are connected to the gantry crane beam 41, the other ends of the material reducing laser heads are connected with the material reducing laser heads, the material reducing laser heads can rotate on YZ planes relative to the material reducing supporting pieces, angles between laser emission directions and horizontal directions of the material reducing laser heads are in a range of 90 degrees to 90 degrees, laser material reduction can be carried out on places where the material reducing modules 8 cannot be ground in a grinding mode, and particularly when the outer surface of a target product is provided with grooves with downward openings and material reduction needs to be carried out on the surfaces of the grooves.

When the outer surface of the target product is provided with a groove or a side hole with a downward opening and the surface of the groove needs to be subjected to material reduction, the laser emission direction of the material reduction laser head is adjusted, and the material reduction laser head is opened to emit laser to perform laser material reduction processing on the side surface of the workpiece.

As shown in fig. 12 to 13, the second driving mechanism 17 includes a second servo motor 171 fixed on a lower portion of the inner base 101 and at least one X-direction ball screw 174, the translation table 6 includes a lower plate 601 and a plurality of connecting plates 602 located below the lower plate 601, the inner base 101 is provided with an X-direction bar-shaped hole 1011 for the connecting plate 602 to pass through, a lower portion of the connecting plate 602 is connected to the X-direction ball screw 174, the at least one X-direction ball screw 174 is driven by the second servo motor 171, and the X-direction ball screw 174 on the lower portion of the connecting plate 602 is offset from the X-direction bar-shaped hole 1011 corresponding to the connecting plate 602.

As shown in fig. 21, the connecting plate 602 includes a horizontal plate 6022 and a vertical plate 6021, one end of the vertical plate 6021 is connected to the lower plate 601, the other end of the vertical plate 6021 is connected to one end of the horizontal plate 6022, the other end of the horizontal plate 6022 is connected to the X-direction ball screw 174, and the second servo motor 171 is connected to one end of one of the X-direction ball screws 174 and drives the X-direction ball screw 174 to rotate, so as to drive the horizontal plate 6022 to move in the X direction.

The cross plate 6022 has a stopper hole 60221 formed on a side thereof closer to the X-direction ball screw 174, and the stopper hole 60221 is connected to the X-direction ball screw 174 in a concave-convex fit. In this embodiment, there are three X-direction ball screws 174, the X-direction ball screw 174 located in the middle is connected to the second servo motor 171 and driven by the second servo motor 171, and serves as a driving member, and the X-direction ball screws 174 located on both sides serve as driven members, and play a certain supporting role. In this embodiment, the output end of the second servomotor 171 directly drives the X-direction ball screw 174. In other embodiments, the output end of the second servo motor 171 is connected with a gear, and the end of the X-direction ball screw 174 is provided with a gear, so that the transmission is realized through the cooperation of the gear and the gear.

The X-direction ball screw 174 is fixed below the inner base 101 by a support/positioning block 100. In this embodiment, the supporting and positioning block 100 is made of rubber material.

The second driving mechanism 17 includes an input gear 172 and an output gear 173, the input gear 172 is located at the output end of the second servo motor 171, the output gear 173 is located on the X-directional ball screw 174, and the input gear 172 and the output gear 173 are in meshing transmission.

As shown in fig. 5 to 11, the first driving mechanism 15 includes a connecting bearing 1511 and a first driving motor 1515, a rotation hole 1001 is formed in the upper surface of the first base 10, and a circular boss 1002 is disposed on the circumferential outer side of the rotation hole 1001; the rotary worktable 5 comprises an upper circular table cover 502 and a lower rotary rod 501 vertically connected below the upper circular table cover 502, the upper circular table cover 502 is covered on the circular table 1002, the lower rotary rod 501 is inserted into the rotary hole 1001, the outer wall of the lower rotary rod 501 is sleeved with an inner ring of a connecting bearing 1511, the outer ring of the connecting bearing 1511 is connected and matched with the side wall of the rotary hole 1001, and a first driving motor 1515 drives the lower rotary rod 501 to rotate so as to drive the upper circular table cover 502 to rotate.

The processing space above the rotary worktable 5 and the transmission space below the first base 10 are separated in a sealing manner through the inserted cross dislocation matching mode of the upper circular truncated cone cover 502 and the circular boss 1002, and the abnormal abrasion of precision transmission parts caused by the penetration and accumulation of various chips generated in the processing process is effectively avoided through the sealing design of a transmission system which does not interfere the movement of the system parts, so that the processing precision and the effective service life of the equipment in the service period are ensured.

The first driving mechanism 15 further includes a driven wheel 1513 and a driving wheel 1514, the driven wheel 1513 is fixed to the lower end of the lower rotary rod 501, the driving wheel 1514 is driven to rotate by a first driving motor 1515, the driving wheel 1514 is in meshing transmission with the driven wheel 1513, and the driven wheel 1513 drives the rotary table 5 to rotate. The driving wheel 1514 and the driven wheel 1513 of the driving part of the upper circular truncated cone cover 502 are in transmission fit by adopting bevel gears, and the transmission precision and controllability are high.

In this embodiment, the rotary table 5 is disposed at a central position of the first base 10, the first base 10 includes an upper surface and a side surface disposed below the outer side of the upper surface, the driven wheel 1513, the driving wheel 1514, and the first driving motor 1515 are mounted in a space surrounded by the upper surface and the side surface of the first base 10, that is, the driven wheel 1513, the driving wheel 1514, and the first driving motor 1515 are mounted below the upper surface of the first base 10, the driven wheel 1513 is a disk-shaped bevel gear, the driving wheel 1514 is a bevel gear, and the first driving motor 1515 is a servo motor, and the purpose of controlling the rotation of the rotary table 5 is achieved through meshing transmission between the servo motor and the bevel gear.

The lower swing lever 501 of the rotary table 5 is provided with a bearing retainer 1512 between a connecting bearing 1511 and a driven wheel 1513, and the bearing retainer 1512 is fixed to the first base 10.

The lower bottom surface circumference of the upper circular truncated cone cover 502 is provided with an upper half groove 5021, the upper surface circumference of the circular boss 1002 is provided with a lower half groove 10021, the upper half groove 5021 and the lower half groove 10021 are matched to form a ball sliding track, and a plurality of sliding balls 9 are arranged in the track. The relative rotation of the upper circular truncated cone cover 502 and the circular truncated cone 1002 adopts the sliding ball 9 to slide in the track to realize the low-movement-resistance matching.

In this embodiment, the inner circle side of the rail is slightly lower than the outer circle side, and the rail is engaged with the sliding ball 9, rolling friction is adopted between the circular boss 1002 and the upper circular table cover 502, so that the friction resistance is greatly reduced, the energy consumption is reduced, the precision is improved, moreover, the design enables the machining space above the rotary workbench 5 to be isolated from the transmission space below the rotary workbench 5, grinding dust cannot enter the transmission space, and the sealing performance is greatly improved.

The lower base 104 comprises an inner boss 1041 and an outer flange 1042 arranged at an interval with the inner boss 1041, the space between the outer flange 1042 and the inner boss 1041 is a receiving space, an inner gear 1032 is arranged on the inner side of the bottom of the upper base 103, the inner gear 1032 and the fourth driving mechanism 3 are located in the receiving space, the fourth driving mechanism 3 comprises a fourth driving motor 302 and a fourth driving gear 301 connected to the output end of the fourth driving motor 302, and the fourth driving gear 301 and the inner gear 1032 are in meshing transmission.

As shown in fig. 18 to 20, the lower base 104 includes an inner boss 1041 and an outer boss 1042 arranged at an interval with the inner boss 1041, a space between the outer boss 1042 and the inner boss 1041 is a receiving space, the height of the inner boss 1041 is lower than that of the outer boss 1042, and a sliding rail 10421 is arranged on the inner sidewall of the outer boss 1042. In this embodiment, the upper base 103 is annular, an inner gear 1032 is disposed at an inner side of a bottom of the upper base 103, the inner gear 1032 and the fourth driving mechanism 3 are located in the accommodating space, the fourth driving mechanism 3 includes a fourth driving motor 302 and a fourth driving gear 301 connected to an output end of the fourth driving motor 302, the fourth driving gear 301 is driven by the fourth driving motor 302, and the fourth driving gear 301 and the inner gear 1032 are engaged for transmission, so as to realize a rotation motion of the upper base 103 relative to the lower base 104.

A roller support 1031 is disposed on an outer side wall of the upper base 103, the roller support 1031 is used for supporting the sliding roller 105, the sliding roller 105 slides on the sliding track 10421, an upper cover 1033 is disposed on an upper portion of the upper base 103, the upper cover 1033 covers the outer flange 1042, the sliding roller 105 and the sliding track 10421 are separated from the outside, and the grinding dust is prevented from entering the sliding track 10421.

The stationary base 1 further includes a lower plate 102, the lower plate 102 is located between the inner base 101 and the inner boss 1041, on one hand, the fourth driving mechanism 3 and other mechanisms in the accommodating space are separated and sealed from the second servo motor 171 and other devices at the lower part of the inner base 101, and on the other hand, the lower plate 102 provides support for the inner base 101.

According to the invention, the second servo motor 171, the X-direction ball screw 174 and other parts are arranged at the lower part of the inner base 101 in a moving manner, so that the mass is concentrated under the inner base 101, the gravity center of the whole device of the device is lowered, the moving load of a workbench is reduced, and the effects of high efficiency and energy saving are realized while the stability of the device is improved; the positioning of the workpiece at any point in the working plane is realized through the independent movement of the composite double-layer worktable, the current situation of single-degree-of-freedom movement of the traditional working platform is broken through, and the design of a driving system of a processing module is simplified; furthermore, the X-direction ball screw 174 and the X-direction strip-shaped hole 1011 corresponding to the connecting plate 602 are arranged in a staggered manner, so that even if grinding chips fall into the X-direction strip-shaped hole 1011 during grinding, the grinding chips fall down along with the X-direction strip-shaped hole 1011, the movement of the X-direction ball screw 174 for transmission is not influenced, and the service life of the transmission part is prolonged.

As shown in fig. 22-23, a fifth driving mechanism 50 is installed in the gantry crane column 42, and the fifth driving mechanism 50 is used for driving the gantry crane beam 41 to move up and down. The fifth driving mechanism 50 includes a fifth driving motor 5001 and a plurality of Z-direction ball screws 5002, a screw connection member 5003, wherein one Z-direction ball screw 5002 is driven by the fifth driving motor 5001 to rotate, one end of the screw connection member 5003 is connected and fixed with the gantry crane cross beam 41, the other end of the screw connection member 5002 is sleeved with the Z-direction ball screw 5002 and driven by the Z-direction ball screw 5002 to move in the Z-direction, and ball screw supporting seats 5004 for fixing the Z-direction ball screws 5002 in the gantry crane upright post 42 are arranged at two ends of the Z-direction ball screws 5002.

The movement of the gantry crane beam 41 in the Z-axis direction is controlled by a fifth driving motor 5001 in the gantry crane column 42. The gantry crane beam 41 drives the material adding module 7 and the grinding material reducing module 8 to move up and down in the Z-axis direction under the fixing and driving action of the screw rod connecting pieces 5003 on the two sides. In this embodiment, the fifth driving mechanism 50 is located at the upper half of the gantry crane column 42, and the fifth driving motor 5001 is a servo motor and drives two Z-direction ball screws 5002 respectively. An upright post inner hole is formed in the upper half part of an upright post 42 of the gantry crane, the fifth driving mechanism 50 is located in the upright post inner hole, a front groove for the lead screw connecting piece 5003 to pass through is formed in one side, close to a beam 41 of the gantry crane, of the upright post 42 of the gantry crane, the front groove is communicated with the upright post inner hole, the front groove and the Z-direction ball lead screw 5002 are arranged in a staggered mode, and grinding dust is prevented from directly entering the front groove to affect transmission of the fifth driving mechanism 50. The inner hole of the upright post is divided into two parts by a horizontally arranged partition plate, one part accommodates the fifth driving motor 5001, and the other part accommodates other important parts of the fifth driving mechanism 50. In other embodiments, the output end of the fifth driving motor 5001 is connected to a gear, and one end of the Z-direction ball screw 5002 is also provided with a gear, and the gears are in fit transmission.

As shown in fig. 24 and 25, the third driving mechanism 22 includes a third driving motor 221, a third support seat 222, and a third horizontal ball screw 223, the third driving motor 221 drives the third horizontal ball screw 223 to rotate, the third horizontal ball screw 223 is supported in the gantry crane beam 41 through the third support seat 222, and the upper portions of the material adding module 7 and the grinding material reducing module 8 are respectively connected and matched with the third horizontal ball screw 223.

In this embodiment, the additive material module 7 and the grinding and material reducing module 8 share the same third driving mechanism 22 of the same gantry crane beam 41. When the third driving motor 221 is started, the additive material module 7 and the grinding material reducing module 8 move close to or away from each other, and move towards or towards each other as a whole. Each third driving mechanism 22 includes a third horizontal ball screw 223, the material adding module 7 and the grinding material reducing module 8 are respectively assembled on the third horizontal ball screws 223 with opposite rotation directions, the third horizontal ball screw 223 includes two horizontal screw screws and an elastic coupling for connecting the two horizontal screw screws, the material adding module 7 and the grinding material reducing module 8 are respectively mounted on the two horizontal screw screws through horizontal screw nuts, and the rotation directions of the two horizontal screw nuts are opposite (the rotation directions of the horizontal screw nuts are the same as those of the respective horizontal screw screws). The third driving motor 221 drives one of the horizontal lead screws to rotate, and transmits torque to the other horizontal lead screw through the elastic coupling. When the third driving motor 221 rotates forward, the two horizontal screw nuts on the horizontal screw gradually approach to each other; when the third driving motor 221 rotates reversely, the two horizontal lead screw nuts on the horizontal lead screw gradually move away. The gantry crane beam 41 is connected with the horizontal lead screw through the third driving motor 221 in a transmission manner, and two horizontal lead screw nuts which are in reverse fit are controlled to move in opposite directions, so that the linkage effect of the material adding module 7 and the material grinding and reducing module 8 is realized.

The gantry crane beam 41 comprises a beam housing 412 and a beam cover 411, wherein an installation cavity 414 for installing the third driving mechanism 22 is arranged in the beam housing 412, and a support plate 413 for supporting the elastic coupling is vertically arranged in the installation cavity 414. The feeding mechanism 23 is arranged above the gantry crane beam 41, the feeding mechanism 23 comprises feeding rollers, two ends of each feeding roller are supported on the gantry crane column 42, the feeding rollers are wound to process raw wire materials during working, and the raw wire materials are synchronously conveyed to the material increasing module 7 according to the processing progress.

In other embodiments, two third driving mechanisms 22 are adopted on the same gantry crane beam 41 to drive the additive material module 7 and the grinding material reducing module 8 respectively, the third horizontal ball screws 223 of the two third driving mechanisms 22 have opposite rotating directions, and the movement of the additive material module 7 or the grinding material reducing module 8 in the horizontal direction is controlled by the third driving motor 221 in the gantry crane beam 41. Two groups of third driving mechanisms 22 are arranged in one gantry crane beam 41 and used for controlling the material adding module 7 and the grinding material reducing module 8 respectively, and compared with the method that the same third driving mechanism 22 is adopted to drive the material adding module 7 and the grinding material reducing module 8 simultaneously, the two groups of third driving mechanisms 22 reduce the bearing capacity of each third horizontal ball screw 223, the load bearing capacity of the gantry crane column 42 is improved, and the positioning accuracy and stability in the working process are enhanced.

As shown in fig. 28, the additive module 7 includes a laser head 71, a wire feeding head 72, a laser joint 73, an additive slider 74, and a laser upright 75, the additive slider 74 is connected and matched with a third horizontal ball screw 223, the laser joint 73 is connected between the additive slider 74 and the laser upright 75, and the laser head 71 and the wire feeding head 72 are located below the laser upright 75. In this embodiment, the material increase slider 74 is provided with a through hole, the inner wall of the through hole is provided with threads, the material increase slider is sleeved on the third horizontal ball screw 223, and the material increase slider 74 penetrates through the gantry crane beam 41 from the third horizontal ball screw 223 and is connected with the laser joint 73.

The material fixing mechanism 26 is arranged above the feeding port of the wire feeding head 72, the material fixing mechanism 26 comprises a small roller bracket 262 and two small rollers 261, and the two small rollers 261 are supported on the small roller bracket 262 and used for positioning the raw material wires. And a round groove with the size equivalent to that of the wire is arranged in the middle of the small roller 261 of the sizing mechanism 26, so that the accuracy is enhanced.

As shown in fig. 28, a certain included angle α is formed between a laser emission direction of the laser head 71 (the laser emission direction is perpendicular to the upper surface of the composite working platform) and a wire feeding direction of the wire feeding head 72, and the included angle α between the laser emission direction and the wire feeding direction is 45 ° (in other embodiments, α is greater than 0 and less than 90 ° can achieve the same or similar technical effects). A small roller 261 is arranged on the wire feeding head 72, a round groove equivalent to wires is arranged in the middle of the small roller 261, accuracy is enhanced, and wire feeding holes for raw wires to pass through are formed in the upper portion of the wire feeding head 72 below the two small rollers 261.

According to the invention, through the reasonable matching of the circular motion executed by the gantry crane beam 41, the rotary motion of the rotary worktable 5, the translational motion of the translational worktable 6, the rotary motion of the gantry crane beam 41 and the angle alpha adjustment of the laser head 71 and the wire feeding head 72 in the material increasing module 7, the horizontal movement of the material increasing module 7 and the material reducing grinding module 8 on the gantry crane beam 41 (synchronous linkage can be executed between the two modules and independent motion can be executed respectively, and the relative motion mode is very flexible), and the real-time synchronous processing of two material increasing and material reducing stations (the two stations keep the distance of half revolution period of a revolving body without additional station adjustment) of a complex structural part can be effectively realized. The synchronous processing mode can flexibly and efficiently finish high-precision material reduction processing of the inner side surface and the outer side surface of a complex structural member, strictly controls the height of the mass center of the whole equipment to improve the stability under the reasonable motion matching and transmission arrangement design of independent control of multiple degrees of freedom, basically realizes gapless fusion of two stations, saves a large amount of working hours and energy consumption required by station conversion, further shortens the processing flow and the production period, and highlights the advantages of short flow and near-net forming of the synchronous composite processing method of multi-station integration.

As shown in fig. 26 and 27, the grinding material reducing module 8 includes a small grinding wheel 81, a grinding wheel upright 82, an upright joint 84, a grinding wheel swing shaft 86, a grinding wheel swing column 87, two bevel gears 88 and a material reducing slide block 89 which are meshed with each other for transmission, the material reducing slide block 89 is connected with a third horizontal ball screw 223, the upper end of the upright joint 84 is connected with the material reducing slide block 89, the lower end of the upright joint 84 is connected with the grinding wheel upright 82, a grinding wheel motor 85 is coaxial with one of the bevel gears 88, the other bevel gear 88 is fixedly connected with the grinding wheel upright 82 through the grinding wheel swing shaft 86 which is transversely arranged, the grinding wheel swing shaft 86 is vertically connected with the grinding wheel swing column 87, and the lower end of the grinding wheel swing column 87 is connected with the small grinding wheel 81, so that the grinding wheel swing shaft 86 is driven to realize the swing of the small grinding wheel 81, thereby enhancing the milling precision of a curved surface to meet the angle of a workpiece.

In this embodiment, subtract material slider 89 and be equipped with the through-hole, the through-hole inner wall is equipped with the screw thread, establishes outside third horizontal ball 223, subtracts material slider 89 and passes portal crane crossbeam 41 and be connected with stand joint 84 from third horizontal ball 223. The bottom of the grinding wheel column 82 is provided with a wedge-shaped groove 821, which not only ensures the rotation of the small grinding wheel 81, but also plays a certain sealing role.

The laser upright column 75 and the grinding wheel upright column 82 are in modular design, and are convenient to install, maintain and replace.

As shown in fig. 1, the device further comprises an outer cover 2, wherein the outer cover 2 is fixed on the fixed base 1 and separates the rotary workbench 5, the translation workbench 6, the grinding material reducing module 8 and the material increasing module 7 from the outside. In this embodiment, unable adjustment base 1 top cover is equipped with dustcoat 2, has seted up on dustcoat 2 and has put the thing mouth (not shown in the figure), puts and installs the thing door of putting that can close and open the thing mouth on putting the thing mouth. In this embodiment, dustcoat 2 is the translucent cover, is convenient for observe the behavior of core unit, and on the other hand, dustcoat 2 is used for sealed protection core unit, and operational environment and external environment in isolated equipment improve processingquality and operating personnel security.

The outer cover 2 is provided with an air inlet and an air outlet for vacuumizing or introducing protective gas into the outer cover 2. In this embodiment, the air inlet and the air outlet are respectively and oppositely disposed on the sidewall of the housing 2 and respectively disposed near the upper portion and the lower portion of the housing 2. Generally, inert gas or protective gas such as carbon dioxide is heavier than air, an air inlet is arranged at the lower part, an air outlet is arranged at the upper part, slow air inlet is kept during the processing, and the inside of the outer cover 2 is in a negative high-pressure state.

In the present invention, the longitudinal direction of the X-direction ball screw 174 is defined as the X-direction, and the direction perpendicular to the upper surface of the composite work platform is defined as the Z-direction (i.e., the longitudinal direction of the gantry crane column 42).

The processing method of the multi-station synchronous near-net forming device comprises the following steps:

the processing method of the near-net forming device of the multi-axis and axis variable component comprises the following steps:

placing a workpiece on a composite working platform, starting a material increase module 7 to emit laser to generate a molten pool on the surface of the workpiece, sending raw materials to the position below the material increase module 7, melting the raw materials at the molten pool under the action of the laser and solidifying the molten materials on the workpiece, starting a grinding material reduction module 8 to synchronously reduce the material of the side surface of the solidified workpiece, changing the relative positions of the workpiece on the composite working platform, the material increase module 7 and the grinding material reduction module 8, moving the material increase module 7 upwards after a preset thickness layer is reached, and starting material increase processing of the next thickness layer;

changing the relative positions of the workpiece on the composite working platform, the additive material module 7 and the grinding and material reducing module 8 comprises the following modes:

mode A: starting a first driving mechanism 15 to drive the rotary worktable 5 to rotate;

mode B: starting a second driving mechanism 17 to drive the translation workbench 6 to move horizontally;

mode C: starting a third driving mechanism 22 to drive the additive module 7 and the grinding material reducing module 8 to synchronously and horizontally move;

mode D: opening a fourth driving mechanism 3 to drive the upper base 103 to rotate so as to drive the gantry crane beam 41 to rotate;

the material reducing processing specifically comprises: rotating the small grinding wheel 81 of the grinding material cutting module 8 until the small grinding wheel is attached to the side surface of the workpiece to grind the side surface of the workpiece; and

and adjusting the laser emission direction of the laser material reducing module 70, and starting the laser material reducing module 70 to emit laser to reduce the material of the side surface of the workpiece.

In this embodiment, the specific step of moving the additive module 7 upward includes: and opening a fifth driving mechanism 50 in the gantry crane upright post 42 to drive the gantry crane beam 41 to move upwards.

The invention can process the revolving body parts with variable pipe diameters and variable central axes at one time, and also process the revolving body parts with complex curved surfaces, particularly the side surfaces of the parts need to be provided with holes or corners which are inconvenient to grind and reduce materials, and the like. The typical part is shown in fig. 30, in which fig. 30(a) is a schematic view of the structure of the typical part, fig. 30(b) is a top view of the typical part, and fig. 30(c) is a sectional view of the typical part.

Example 2

As shown in fig. 29, the apparatus of the present embodiment is substantially the same as that of embodiment 1 except that:

the number of the gantry crane beams 41 in this embodiment is two, the material increase module 7 and the material decrease module 8 are respectively driven by two independent third driving mechanisms 22, and two fifth driving mechanisms 20 are arranged in the gantry crane column 42 and are respectively used for driving the gantry crane beams 41 to move up and down.

Although the present invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiments, it is not intended to be limited thereto. Those skilled in the art can make numerous possible variations and modifications to the present invention, or modify equivalent embodiments to equivalent variations, without departing from the scope of the invention, using the teachings disclosed above. Therefore, any simple modification, equivalent change and modification made to the above embodiments according to the technical spirit of the present invention should fall within the protection scope of the technical scheme of the present invention, unless the technical spirit of the present invention departs from the content of the technical scheme of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A near-net forming device of multi-axis and axis variable components is characterized in that: the laser machining device comprises a fixed base (1), a gantry crane (4), an additive module (7), a laser material reducing module (70), a grinding material reducing module (8) and a composite working platform, wherein the gantry crane (4) comprises a gantry crane beam (41) and a gantry crane upright post (42), the gantry crane beam (41) is positioned above the composite working platform, the gantry crane upright post (42) is positioned at two ends of the gantry crane beam (41), and the additive module (7) and the grinding material reducing module (8) are used for respectively performing additive machining and material reducing machining on parts on the composite working platform; the laser material reducing module (70) is used for reducing the material of the side surface of the part on the composite working platform;

the composite working platform comprises a rotating platform assembly and a translation platform assembly, the rotating platform assembly comprises a first base (10), a first driving mechanism (15) and a rotating working platform (5), the rotating working platform (5) is installed on the first base (10), and the first driving mechanism (15) is used for driving the rotating working platform (5) to rotate relative to the first base (10);

the translation platform assembly comprises a second driving mechanism (17) and a translation workbench (6), the translation workbench (6) is installed above the inner base (101), the second driving mechanism (17) is used for driving the translation workbench (6) to translate relative to the inner base (101), the rotation platform assembly is located on the translation workbench (6), and the translation workbench (6) drives the rotation platform assembly to translate during translation;

a third driving mechanism (22) is arranged in the gantry crane beam (41), and the material increasing module (7) and the material grinding and reducing module (8) are mounted at the lower part of the gantry crane beam (41) and synchronously and horizontally move relative to the gantry crane beam (41) under the driving of the third driving mechanism (22);

the fixed base (1) comprises an inner base (101), an upper base (103) and a lower base (104), the inner base (101) and the upper base (103) are located on the lower base (104), the outer side of the inner base (101) is sleeved with the upper base (103), a fourth driving mechanism (3) is arranged in the fixed base (1), the upper base (103) rotates relative to the inner base (101) under the driving of the fourth driving mechanism (3), a gantry crane upright post (42) is fixed on the upper base (103), and the composite working platform is arranged at the position of the inner base (101).

2. The near net-shape forming device of claim 1, wherein: second actuating mechanism (17) are including being fixed in second servo motor (171) and X to ball (174) of interior base (101) lower part, translation workstation (6) are including dull and stereotyped (601) and connecting plate (602) that are located dull and stereotyped (601) below, and interior base (101) are equipped with and supply X to strip hole (1011) that connecting plate (602) passed, and the lower part and the X of connecting plate (602) are connected to ball (174), and second servo motor (171) drive X drives connecting plate (602) along X to ball (174) removal, and X is to ball (174) and X to strip hole (1011) dislocation set.

3. The near net-shape forming device of claim 1, wherein: the first driving mechanism (15) comprises a connecting bearing (1511) and a first driving motor (1515), a rotary hole (1001) is formed in the upper surface of the first base (10), and a circular boss (1002) is arranged on the circumferential outer side of the rotary hole (1001);

swivel work head (5) including last round platform lid (502) and connect perpendicularly in lower gyration pole (501) of last round platform lid (502) below, go up round platform lid (502) lid and locate round boss (1002), in gyration pole (501) insert gyration hole (1001) down, gyration pole (501) outer wall under connecting bearing (1511) inner race cover is located, connecting bearing (1511) outer lane and gyration hole (1001) lateral wall are connected the cooperation, gyration pole (501) are rotatory in order to drive round platform lid (502) rotation under first driving motor (1515) drive.

4. The near net shape forming device of claim 3, wherein: go up bottom surface circumference under round platform lid (502) and be equipped with half groove (5021) first, round boss (1002) upper surface circumference is equipped with half groove (10021) down, half groove (5021) first cooperatees with half groove (10021) down and constitutes the slip track, be equipped with a plurality of slip balls (9) in the slip track.

5. The near net shape device of any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein: the lower base (104) comprises an inner boss (1041) and an outer flange (1042) arranged at an interval with the inner boss (1041), the space between the outer flange (1042) and the inner boss (1041) is a containing space, an inner gear (1032) is arranged on the inner side of the bottom of the upper base (103), the inner gear (1032) and a fourth driving mechanism (3) are located in the containing space, the fourth driving mechanism (3) comprises a fourth driving motor (302) and a fourth driving gear (301) connected to the output end of the fourth driving motor (302), and the fourth driving gear (301) and the inner gear (1032) are in meshing transmission.

6. The near net shape device of any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein: and a fifth driving mechanism (50) is installed in the gantry crane upright post (42), and the fifth driving mechanism (50) is used for driving the gantry crane beam (41) to move up and down.

7. The near net shape device of any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein: the grinding material reducing module comprises a grinding wheel upright post (82), a small grinding wheel (81) which is positioned outside the grinding wheel upright post (82) and used for milling or grinding the side face of a workpiece, a grinding wheel motor (85) which is positioned inside the grinding wheel upright post (82), a grinding wheel swing shaft (86) and a grinding wheel swing post (87), wherein the grinding wheel motor (85) drives the grinding wheel swing shaft (86) which is horizontally arranged to rotate so as to drive the small grinding wheel (81) to swing, and the upper end and the lower end of the grinding wheel swing post (87) are respectively connected with the grinding wheel swing shaft (86) and the small grinding wheel (81).

8. The near net shape device of any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein: the vibration material disk module (7) includes laser head (71), send a first (72) of silk to send the raw materials to laser head (71) below and melt, the laser emission direction perpendicular to composite work platform upper surface of laser head (71) just is contained angle alpha with the direction of sending a silk of sending a first (72), satisfies 0 < alpha < 90 degrees.

9. A method for processing a near-net-shape forming device of multiple axial centers and axial center variable components according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein: the method comprises the following steps:

placing a workpiece on a composite working platform, starting an additive module (7) to emit laser to generate a molten pool on the surface of the workpiece, sending raw materials to the position below the additive module (7), melting the raw materials at the molten pool under the action of the laser and solidifying the molten pool on the workpiece, starting a grinding and material reducing module (8) to synchronously reduce the material of the side surface of the solidified workpiece, changing the relative positions of the workpiece on the composite working platform, the additive module (7) and the grinding and material reducing module (8), moving the additive module (7) upwards after a preset thickness layer is reached, and starting additive processing of the next thickness layer;

the change of the relative positions of the workpiece on the composite working platform, the additive module (7) and the grinding and material reducing module (8) comprises the following modes:

mode A: starting a first driving mechanism (15) to drive the rotary worktable (5) to rotate;

mode B: starting a second driving mechanism (17) to drive the translation workbench (6) to horizontally move;

mode C: starting a third driving mechanism (22) to drive the material increasing module (7) and the material grinding and reducing module (8) to synchronously and horizontally move;

mode D: the fourth driving mechanism (3) is started to drive the upper base (103) to rotate so as to drive the gantry crane beam (41) to rotate;

the material reducing machining specifically comprises: rotating a small grinding wheel (81) of the grinding material cutting module (8) until the small grinding wheel is attached to the side face of the workpiece to grind the side face of the workpiece; and

and adjusting the laser emission direction of the laser material reducing module (70), and starting the laser material reducing module (70) to emit laser to reduce the material of the side surface of the workpiece.

10. The processing method according to claim 9, characterized in that: the specific step of moving the additive module (7) upwards comprises: and opening a fifth driving mechanism (50) in the gantry crane upright post (42) to drive the gantry crane beam (41) to move upwards.

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