CN114451608A - 一种抑菌可降解聚乳酸防护服 - Google Patents
一种抑菌可降解聚乳酸防护服 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种抑菌可降解聚乳酸防护服,属于防护服制备技术领域,具体地。步骤一、增韧聚乳酸内层的制备:将改性聚己内酯、聚乳酸和成核剂混合后,经过熔融纺丝,得改性聚乳酸短纤维,然后进行交叉铺网,经过热轧工艺使短纤维自动热粘合成型,得增韧聚乳酸内层;步骤二、外层的制备:将聚乳酸、己二酸丁二醇酯/对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯的共聚物混合均匀,经成膜工艺,得外层;步骤三、防护面料的制备:将增韧聚乳酸内层和外层经过低温复合工艺进行复合,得防护服面料;步骤四、裁剪和安装,得一种抑菌可降解聚乳酸防护服。本发明提供的防护服具有优异的抑菌不杀菌的功能,且抗菌性能的耐久,同时穿着舒适。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于防护服制备技术领域,具体地,涉及一种抑菌可降解聚乳酸防护服。
背景技术
当前防护服产品作为防疫物资,需求日趋增加,但目前使用的防护服材质主要来源于石油基化学产品,因石油基化学产品的难降解,造成大量废弃防护服的堆积和后处理难题,不可避免地造成环境的污染。而聚乳酸(PLA)为一种来源于玉米的生物可降解高分子材料,被广泛用于食品包装、医疗器械、植入材料等的生产,是石油基来源材料的良好替代品,可解决石油基废弃防护服的堆积和后处理难题。且聚乳酸天然抑菌,能够以维护健康菌群平衡的方式抑制有害细菌过量生长;同时聚乳酸材料具有良好的阻燃性能。但是聚乳酸存在脆性大的缺点,如若将其直接制造防护服,存在防护服韧性低,易破碎的问题。且现有市场上的防护服透气性能差,易闷汗,穿着舒适度低,同时难以阻挡异色、异物、水分子的侵入,易造成穿着人员的皮肤过敏。
因此,寻求一种由聚乳酸制成的且韧性好、透气好的防护服是目前需要解决的技术问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种抑菌可降解聚乳酸防护服,以解决背景技术中提到的问题。
本发明的目的可以通过以下技术方案实现:
一种抑菌可降解聚乳酸防护服为连身式结构,连接部位采用针缝加工方式,并对针缝的针眼通过粘合或热合方式做密封处理,前身装有具有自锁拉头的拉链,袖口和脚踝口采用弹性收口,帽子面部收口及腰部采用弹性收口。
为解决由聚乳酸直接制成的防护服易破碎的问题,本发明提供的抑菌可降解聚乳酸防护服采用双层结构的防护面料裁剪制成,在保证防护服高透气性的情况下,提高防护服的韧性,提高其耐用性。
进一步地,所述防护面料包括增韧聚乳酸内层和外层构成。
一种抑菌可降解聚乳酸防护服,包括以下步骤制成:
步骤一、增韧聚乳酸内层的制备:将改性聚己内酯、聚乳酸和成核剂按照质量比为0.5-5:95-99:0.03-0.2混合后,经过熔融纺丝,得改性聚乳酸短纤维,然后进行交叉铺网,经过热轧工艺使短纤维自动热粘合成型,得增韧聚乳酸内层,其中,改性聚乳酸短纤维的参数:名义线密度为1.1dtex-2.1dtex,截面为圆形或十字形;
在上述反应中,引入改性聚己内酯为增韧剂,对聚乳酸进行增韧改性,且改性聚己内酯是以聚己内酯为主链,接枝有茶多酚结构,其中,茶多酚结构赋予了该改性聚己内酯的抗菌性能,则该改性聚己内酯的引入不但提高了聚乳酸的韧性,还提高了聚乳酸的抗菌性能;
步骤二、外层的制备:将聚乳酸、己二酸丁二醇酯/对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯的共聚物(PBAT)按照质量比80-95:15-25混合均匀,使用吹膜机或通过熔体流延骤冷生产成膜,得外层,外层厚度为0.017mm-0.025mm;
在上述反应中通过引入PBAT,提高聚乳酸的韧性以及成膜的薄度,保证防护面料的透气性能,同时提高防护面料的优异的抗酒精和血液穿透性能;
步骤三、防护面料的制备:将增韧聚乳酸内层和外层经过低温复合工艺进行复合,得防护服面料;
步骤四、裁剪和安装:将防护面料裁剪和缝制,并安装拉链和收口,得一种抑菌可降解聚乳酸防护服。
进一步地,所述改性聚己内酯包括以下步骤制成:
A1、将三羟甲基氨基甲烷、(Boc)2O、三乙胺和二氯甲烷混合均匀后,在氮气氛围、室温下,搅拌反应18-24h,抽滤收集滤液,再用饱和食盐水洗涤多次,无水硫酸钠干燥过夜,过滤,取滤液,真空干燥,得氨基保护三羟甲基氨基甲烷,其中,三羟甲基氨基甲烷、(Boc)2O、三乙胺的摩尔比为1:1.1-1.2:1.5-2;
A2、将氨基保护三羟甲基氨基甲烷、琥珀酸酐和无水乙醇混合均匀后,打开冷凝水,加热至40-55℃,搅拌反应6-8h,得中间产物,其中,氨基保护三羟甲基氨基甲烷、琥珀酸酐的质量比为22.2:20-30;
在上述反应中,利用氨基保护三羟甲基氨基甲烷中的羟基和琥珀酸酐反应,得中间产物,使得中间产物中含有羧基;
A3、将中间产物、茶多酚、对甲苯磺酸和无水乙醇混合均匀后,打开冷凝水,加热至回流,搅拌反应2-5h,停止反应,降至室温,用去离子水洗涤多次,干燥,得接枝物前驱体,其中,中间产物、茶多酚的质量比为45-52:46;将接枝物前驱体、二氯甲烷和三氟乙酸在室温下,搅拌反应12h,随后用1M氢氧化钠溶液调节pH至11,再用乙酸乙酯萃取多次,合并有机相,无水硫酸镁干燥,过滤,滤液浓缩,真空干燥,得接枝物,其中,接枝物前驱体、二氯甲烷、三氟乙酸的用量比为1.01-1.25g:10-20mL:1.5-2.5mL;
在上述反应中首先利用中间产物中的羧基和茶多酚中的羟基反应,得接枝物前驱体,可知该接枝前驱体中含有茶多酚结构,然后接枝前驱体中的被保护氨基在三氟乙酸和碱的作用下脱去叔丁基,得接枝物,可知接枝物中含有氨基和茶多酚结构;
A4、将接枝物加入己内酯中,超声分散30min,然后氮气氛围下,打开冷凝水系统,加热至回流,加入异辛酸亚锡,搅拌反应16-18h,停止反应,降至室温,倒入二氯甲烷,并用异丙醇沉淀,所得沉淀再用二氯甲烷洗涤,离心,再得沉淀,反复沉淀、洗涤、离心3次,最后真空干燥,得改性聚己内酯,其中,接枝物、己内酯的质量比为2-4:10-15,异辛酸亚锡的加入质量为己内酯质量的1-2%。
在上述反应中利用接枝物中的氨基和己内酯在异辛酸亚锡催化作用下发生开环聚合反应,得改性聚己内酯,使获得的聚己内酯的分子链上接接枝有茶多酚结构,因茶多酚结构接枝在聚己内酯的分子链上,提高了其抗菌性能的耐久性。
进一步地,所述成核剂为TMC-328、TMC-300中的一种或两种任意比的混合物。
本发明的有益效果:
本发明提供的防护服的面料具有双层结构——增韧聚乳酸内层和外层,其中,增韧聚乳酸内层以聚乳酸为主要基料,引入改性聚己内酯为增韧剂,提高聚乳酸的韧性和抗菌性能,突出的是,本发明的抗菌性来源于聚乳酸和茶多酚,属于天然抗菌物质,能做到抑菌不杀菌,用维护健康菌群平衡的方式抑制有害细菌过量生长;且以熔融纺丝制成的十字形截面的短纤维制作非织造布,增强了内层的导湿透气功能,最终提高内层非织造布贴身舒适度;外层以聚乳酸为主要基料,引入PBAT为增韧剂,提高外层的薄度,提高外层的透气性能,以及赋予其优异的抗酒精和血液穿透性能;且上述内层引入的改性聚己内酯(接枝的茶多酚)具有优异的降解性能,外层引入的PBAT具有优异的降解性能,因此,获得的防护服具有优异的降解性;
综上所述,本发明提供的防护服的双层结构都具有优异的抑菌不杀菌的功能,且抗菌性能耐久,对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌等菌类的抑菌率都在95%以上,皆高于国家纺织品AAA级要求,具有良好的弹性性能;异色、异物、水分子难以进入改性聚乳酸纤维内部(增韧聚乳酸内层),避免分泌物残留造成皮肤过敏,外层具有良好的导湿透气性能,同时具有优异的抗酒精和血液穿透性能,因此,本发明提供的防护服穿着舒适。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其它实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1
改性聚己内酯的制备:
A1、将0.1mol三羟甲基氨基甲烷、0.11mol(Boc)2O、0.15mol三乙胺和70mL二氯甲烷混合均匀后,在氮气氛围、室温下,搅拌反应18h,抽滤收集滤液,再用饱和食盐水洗涤多次,无水硫酸钠干燥过夜,过滤,取滤液,真空干燥,得氨基保护三羟甲基氨基甲烷;
A2、将22.2g氨基保护三羟甲基氨基甲烷、20g琥珀酸酐和无水乙醇混合均匀后,打开冷凝水,加热至40℃,搅拌反应8h,得中间产物;
A3、将45g中间产物、46g茶多酚、0.5g对甲苯磺酸和200mL无水乙醇混合均匀后,打开冷凝水,加热至回流,搅拌反应2h,停止反应,降至室温,用去离子水洗涤多次,干燥,得接枝物前驱体;将10.1g接枝物前驱体、100mL二氯甲烷和15mL三氟乙酸在室温下,搅拌反应12h,随后用1M氢氧化钠溶液调节pH至11,再用乙酸乙酯萃取多次,合并有机相,无水硫酸镁干燥,过滤,滤液浓缩,真空干燥,得接枝物;
A4、将2g接枝物加入10g己内酯中,超声分散30min,然后氮气氛围下,打开冷凝水系统,加热至回流,加入0.1g异辛酸亚锡,搅拌反应16h,停止反应,降至室温,倒入二氯甲烷,并用异丙醇沉淀,所得沉淀再用二氯甲烷洗涤,离心,再得沉淀,反复沉淀、洗涤、离心3次,最后真空干燥,得改性聚己内酯。
实施例2
改性聚己内酯的制备:
A1、将0.1mol三羟甲基氨基甲烷、0.12mol(Boc)2O、0.2mol三乙胺和70mL二氯甲烷混合均匀后,在氮气氛围、室温下,搅拌反应24h,抽滤收集滤液,再用饱和食盐水洗涤多次,无水硫酸钠干燥过夜,过滤,取滤液,真空干燥,得氨基保护三羟甲基氨基甲烷;
A2、将22.2g氨基保护三羟甲基氨基甲烷、30g琥珀酸酐和无水乙醇混合均匀后,打开冷凝水,加热至55℃,搅拌反应6h,得中间产物;
A3、将52g中间产物、46g茶多酚、1.5g对甲苯磺酸和200mL无水乙醇混合均匀后,打开冷凝水,加热至回流,搅拌反应5h,停止反应,降至室温,用去离子水洗涤多次,干燥,得接枝物前驱体;将12.5g接枝物前驱体、200mL二氯甲烷和25mL三氟乙酸在室温下,搅拌反应12h,随后用1M氢氧化钠溶液调节pH至11,再用乙酸乙酯萃取多次,合并有机相,无水硫酸镁干燥,过滤,滤液浓缩,真空干燥,得接枝物;
A4、将4g接枝物加入15g己内酯中,超声分散30min,然后氮气氛围下,打开冷凝水系统,加热至回流,加入0.3g异辛酸亚锡,搅拌反应18h,停止反应,降至室温,倒入二氯甲烷,并用异丙醇沉淀,所得沉淀再用二氯甲烷洗涤,离心,再得沉淀,反复沉淀、洗涤、离心3次,最后真空干燥,得改性聚己内酯。
实施例3
一种抑菌可降解聚乳酸防护服的制备:
步骤一、增韧聚乳酸内层的制备:将实施例1制备的改性聚己内酯、聚乳酸和成核剂按照质量比为0.5:99:0.03混合后,经过熔融纺丝,得改性聚乳酸短纤维,然后进行交叉铺网,经过热轧工艺使短纤维自动热粘合成型,得增韧聚乳酸内层,其中,改性聚乳酸短纤维的参数:名义线密度为1.1dtex-2.1dtex,截面为圆形或十字形;所述成核剂为TMC-328;
步骤二、外层的制备:将聚乳酸、己二酸丁二醇酯/对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯的共聚物(PBAT)按照质量比80:25混合均匀,使用吹膜机吹膜成膜,得外层,外层厚度为0.017mm-0.025mm;
步骤三、防护面料的制备:将增韧聚乳酸内层和外层经过低温复合工艺进行复合,得防护服面料;
步骤四、裁剪和安装:将防护面料裁剪和缝制,并安装拉链和收口,得一种抑菌可降解聚乳酸防护服;其中,缝制成连身式结构,连接部位采用针缝加工方式,并对针缝的针眼通过粘合或热合方式做密封处理,前身装有具有自锁拉头的拉链,袖口和脚踝口采用弹性收口,帽子面部收口及腰部采用弹性收口。
实施例4
一种抑菌可降解聚乳酸防护服的制备:
步骤一、增韧聚乳酸内层的制备:将实施例2制备的改性聚己内酯、聚乳酸和成核剂按照质量比为3:97:0.12混合后,经过熔融纺丝,得改性聚乳酸短纤维,然后进行交叉铺网,经过热轧工艺使短纤维自动热粘合成型,得增韧聚乳酸内层,其中,改性聚乳酸短纤维的参数:名义线密度为1.1dtex-2.1dtex,截面为圆形或十字形;所述成核剂为TMC-300;
步骤二、外层的制备:将聚乳酸、己二酸丁二醇酯/对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯的共聚物(PBAT)按照质量比90:20混合均匀,通过熔体流延骤冷生产成膜,得外层,外层厚度为0.017mm-0.025mm;
步骤三、防护面料的制备:同实施例3中的步骤三;
步骤四、裁剪和安装:同实施例3中的步骤四。
实施例5
一种抑菌可降解聚乳酸防护服的制备:
步骤一、增韧聚乳酸内层的制备:将实施例1制备的改性聚己内酯、聚乳酸和成核剂按照质量比为5:95:0.2混合后,经过熔融纺丝,得改性聚乳酸短纤维,然后进行交叉铺网,经过热轧工艺使短纤维自动热粘合成型,得增韧聚乳酸内层,其中,改性聚乳酸短纤维的参数:名义线密度为1.1dtex-2.1dtex,截面为圆形或十字形;所述成核剂为TMC-328、TMC-300按照质量比1:1的混合;
步骤二、外层的制备:将聚乳酸、己二酸丁二醇酯/对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯的共聚物(PBAT)按照质量比95:15混合均匀,使用吹膜机吹膜成膜,得外层,外层厚度为0.017mm-0.025mm;
步骤三、防护面料的制备:同实施例3中的步骤三;
步骤四、裁剪和安装:同实施例3中的步骤四。
对比例1
一种抑菌可降解聚乳酸防护服的制备:
与实施例3相比,将改性聚己内酯替换成聚己内酯,其余相同。
对比例2
一种抑菌可降解聚乳酸防护服的制备:
与实施例4相比,删除改性聚己内酯,其余相同。
实施例6
将实施例3-5和对比例1-2所得的防护服进行以下性能测试:
抗菌性及持久性评估采用抑菌圈法对常见大肠杆菌以及金黄色葡萄球菌进行12h、和24抑菌率评估,测试数据见表1所示;
表1
从表1中的数据可以看出本发明提供的防护服具有良好的抗菌性能以及抗菌性能的耐久性。
拉伸和冲击性能测试:参照ASTMD638标准;
降解性测试:按照ISO 16929标准,堆肥180天,降解之前除去拉链以及锁扣带;
上述测试数据如表2。
表2
拉伸强度 | 断裂伸长率 | 降解率 | |
实施例3 | 25.2MPa | 68.1% | 97.5% |
实施例4 | 24.4MPa | 72.4% | 96.3% |
实施例5 | 23.8MPa | 74.5% | 95.2% |
对比例1 | 25.7MPa | 71.6% | 97.2% |
对比例2 | 34.0MPa | 56.7% | 96.2% |
从表2中的数据可以看出,实施例3-5提供的防护服具有优异的降解性能。
将实施例3-5和市场上购买获得的某品牌防护服(作为对照组)进行以下性测试:
透气性能:透气性能采用裁剪所需样品,设定测试压力为0.1MPa,测定每分钟内氮气透过面积样品面料的体积;
抗合成血液穿透性、抗渗水性、抗酒精穿透性和表面抗湿性参照GB19082进行测试,测试数据如表3所示。
表3
从表3中的数据可以看出,本发明提供的防护服具有优异的透气性能、抗酒精、血液和水的穿透性能。
在说明书的描述中,参考术语“一个实施例”、“示例”、“具体示例”等的描述意指结合该实施例或示例描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点包含于本发明的至少一个实施例或示例中。在本说明书中,对上述术语的示意性表述不一定指的是相同的实施例或示例。而且,描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点可以在任何的一个或多个实施例或示例中以合适的方式结合。
以上内容仅仅是对本发明所作的举例和说明,所属本技术领域的技术人员对所描述的具体实施例做各种各样的修改或补充或采用类似的方式替代,只要不偏离发明或者超越本权利要求书所定义的范围,均应属于本发明的保护范围。
Claims (9)
1.一种抑菌可降解聚乳酸防护服,其特征在于:包括以下步骤制成:
步骤一、增韧聚乳酸内层的制备:将改性聚己内酯、聚乳酸和成核剂混合后,经过熔融纺丝,得改性聚乳酸短纤维,然后进行交叉铺网,经过热轧工艺,得增韧聚乳酸内层;
步骤二、外层的制备:将聚乳酸、PBAT混合均匀,经成膜工艺,得外层;
步骤三、防护面料的制备:将增韧聚乳酸内层和外层经过低温复合工艺进行复合,得防护服面料;
步骤四、裁剪和安装:将防护面料裁剪和缝制,并安装拉链和收口,得一种抑菌可降解聚乳酸防护服。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种抑菌可降解聚乳酸防护服,其特征在于:步骤一中改性聚己内酯、聚乳酸和成核剂的质量比为0.5-5:95-99:0.03-0.2。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种抑菌可降解聚乳酸防护服,其特征在于:步骤二中聚乳酸、PBAT的共聚物的质量比80-95:15-25。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种抑菌可降解聚乳酸防护服,其特征在于:所述改性聚己内酯包括以下步骤制成:
将接枝物加入己内酯中,超声分散30min,然后氮气氛围下,打开冷凝水系统,加热至回流,加入异辛酸亚锡,搅拌反应16-18h,停止反应,经后处理,得改性聚己内酯。
5.根据权利要求4所述的一种抑菌可降解聚乳酸防护服,其特征在于:接枝物、己内酯的质量比为2-4:10-15,异辛酸亚锡的加入质量为己内酯质量的1-2%。
6.根据权利要求4所述的一种抑菌可降解聚乳酸防护服,其特征在于:所述接枝物包括以下步骤制成:
A1、将三羟甲基氨基甲烷、(Boc)2O、三乙胺和二氯甲烷混合均匀后,在氮气氛围、室温下,搅拌反应18-24h,经后处理,得氨基保护三羟甲基氨基甲烷;
A2、将氨基保护三羟甲基氨基甲烷、琥珀酸酐和无水乙醇混合均匀后,打开冷凝水,加热至40-55℃,搅拌反应6-8h,得中间产物;
A3、将中间产物、茶多酚、对甲苯磺酸和无水乙醇混合均匀后,打开冷凝水,加热至回流,搅拌反应2-5h,停止反应,降至室温,洗涤,干燥,得接枝物前驱体;将接枝物前驱体、二氯甲烷和三氟乙酸在室温下,搅拌反应12h,随后用1M氢氧化钠溶液调节pH至11,经后处理,得接枝物。
7.根据权利要求6所述的一种抑菌可降解聚乳酸防护服,其特征在于:步骤A1中三羟甲基氨基甲烷、(Boc)2O、三乙胺的摩尔比为1:1.1-1.2:1.5-2。
8.根据权利要求6所述的一种抑菌可降解聚乳酸防护服,其特征在于:步骤A2中氨基保护三羟甲基氨基甲烷、琥珀酸酐的质量比为22.2:20-30。
9.根据权利要求6所述的一种抑菌可降解聚乳酸防护服,其特征在于:步骤A3中中间产物、茶多酚的质量比为45-52:46;接枝物前驱体、二氯甲烷、三氟乙酸的用量比为1.01-1.25g:10-20mL:1.5-2.5mL。
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