CN114451096B - Efficient wild jujube seedling cultivation method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for efficiently cultivating wild jujube seedlings, which belongs to the technical field of seedling cultivation. The method comprises the following steps: (1) seed treatment: soaking jujube seeds in water for 1d-3d, and air-drying the soaked seeds for 6d-8d; (2) sowing: sowing the seeds treated in step (1) on the seeds Cultivate in the medium until the seedlings grow; (3) transplant: transplant the seedlings described in step (2) to the seedling medium for cultivation. The invention can effectively improve the germination rate, emergence rate and survival rate of spiny jujube seeds, remarkably improve production efficiency, and reduce production cost; and the invention has low equipment requirements and simple process, and lays an important foundation for the popularization and application of wild jujube planting in large quantities.

Description

A kind of high-efficiency cultivation method for wild jujube seedlings

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of seedling cultivation, in particular to a method for efficiently cultivating wild jujube seedlings.

Background technique

In the current planting of wild jujube, the method of direct seeding of wild jujube seeds is generally used to cultivate wild jujube seedlings, and the wild wild jujube seeds are directly sown without any treatment or simply soaked. Sowing untreated or simply soaked spiny jujube seeds directly, the germination rate of spiny jujube seeds is not high, and the seedling emergence rate is low (generally 30% to 40%), resulting in a large waste of raw materials and land, and high labor costs. Work efficiency is low. In the prior art, there is a report on soaking jujube seeds with plant growth hormone to promote its germination rate, but this technology can only improve its germination rate to 48.5%, and the increase is not obvious, and the additional use of artificially synthesized plant growth hormone is further improved. Raise production costs. Therefore, it is very necessary to provide a method for efficiently cultivating wild jujube seedlings that can significantly improve the germination rate of wild jujube seeds and reduce costs.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for efficiently cultivating wild jujube seedlings to solve the problems in the prior art. The method can effectively improve the germination rate and emergence rate of wild jujube seeds, and lay an important foundation for the popularization and application of wild jujube planting in large quantities.

To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following scheme:

The invention provides a method for efficiently cultivating wild jujube seedlings, comprising the following steps:

(1) Seed treatment: Soak the jujube seeds in water for 1d-3d, and air-dry the soaked seeds for 6d-8d;

(2) Sowing: the seeds treated in step (1) are sown into the seed medium for cultivation until seedlings grow;

(3) Transplanting: transplanting the seedlings described in step (2) to the seedling medium for cultivation.

Further, in step (1), the soaking temperature is 4°C, the soaking time is 3 days, and the air-drying time is 7 days.

Further, after soaking the jujube seeds in water in the step (1), it also includes changing the water every 24 hours.

Further, the air-drying condition described in step (1) is natural air-drying in a cool and ventilated place.

Further, the seed medium in step (2) is a nutrient-deficient medium.

Further, the nutrient-deficient medium includes perlite and/or core soil medium.

Further, the culture condition in step (2) is to maintain the water content of the seed medium at 20% to 40% under the light intensity of 10Lux to 30Lux or to maintain the water content of the seed medium at the light intensity of 1600Lux to 1800Lux. The amount of water is 30% to 40%.

Further, the seedling medium in step (3) is a nutrient-rich medium.

Further, the nutrient-rich medium includes nutrient soil medium.

Further, the culture condition in step (3) is to maintain the water content of the seedling culture medium at 30% under the light intensity of 1600Lux-1800Lux.

The invention discloses the following technical effects:

The present invention optimizes the jujube seedling cultivation process through a single factor experiment, and finally determines the optimal seed treatment conditions as follows: soaking time 3d, soaking temperature 4°C, and shade drying time 7d; seed cultivation conditions: under low light (10Lux～30Lux), The germination rate of 20% water content is the highest, and under normal light (1600Lux~1800Lux), the germination rate of 40% water content is the highest; the germination rate of jujube seeds is higher in the culture conditions with insufficient nutrients than in the culture conditions with rich nutrients. Under these conditions, the germination rate of Zizyphus jujube seeds reached 96%, the emergence rate was 87%, and the survival rate of Zizyphus jujuba seedlings was 98%. It can be seen that the present invention effectively improves the germination rate, emergence rate and seedling survival rate of spiny jujube seeds, significantly improves production efficiency, and reduces production costs; and the present invention has low equipment requirements and simple process, laying an important foundation for the popularization and application of wild jujube planting in large quantities.

Description of drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the accompanying drawings required in the embodiments. Obviously, the accompanying drawings in the following description are only some of the present invention. Embodiments, for those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings without any creative effort.

Fig. 1 is the germination rate statistical figure of jujube seed of the present invention in different soaking time;

Fig. 2 is the germination growth status figure of jujube seed of the present invention in different soaking time;

Fig. 3 is the statistic diagram of the change in shade-dried quality of jujube seed of the present invention;

Fig. 4 is the statistic diagram of the germination rate of jujube seed of the present invention under different shade drying times;

Fig. 5 is the statistical figure of germination rate of jujube seed of the present invention under different soaking temperatures;

Fig. 6 is a statistical diagram of the germination situation of jujube seeds of the present invention in weak light conditions and mediums with different water contents;

Fig. 7 Zizyphus jujube seed of the present invention germinates and grows in low-light conditions and mediums with different water contents;

Fig. 8 is a statistical diagram of the germination situation of jujube seeds of the present invention in normal light conditions and mediums with different water contents;

Fig. 9 is the statistic diagram of the germination situation of jujube seed of the present invention on perlite, nutrient soil medium;

Fig. 10 is the statistic diagram of the germination situation of jujube seed of the present invention on topsoil, core soil medium;

Fig. 11 is a statistical diagram of the survival rate of jujube seedlings of the present invention on perlite and nutrient soil medium.

Detailed ways

Various exemplary embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail. The detailed description should not be considered as a limitation of the present invention, but rather as a more detailed description of certain aspects, features and embodiments of the present invention.

It should be understood that the terminology described in the present invention is only used to describe specific embodiments, and is not used to limit the present invention. In addition, regarding the numerical ranges in the present invention, it should be understood that each intermediate value between the upper limit and the lower limit of the range is also specifically disclosed. Each smaller range between any stated value or intervening value in a stated range and any other stated value or intervening value in a stated range is encompassed within the invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges may independently be included or excluded from the range.

Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. Although only the preferred methods and materials are described herein, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used in the practice or testing of the present invention. All documents mentioned in this specification are incorporated by reference to disclose and describe the methods and/or materials in connection with which the documents are described. In case of conflict with any incorporated document, the contents of this specification control.

It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and changes can be made in the specific embodiments of the present invention described herein without departing from the scope or spirit of the present invention. Other embodiments will be apparent to the skilled person from the description of the present invention. The description and examples of the invention are illustrative only.

As used herein, "comprising", "comprising", "having", "comprising" and so on are all open terms, meaning including but not limited to.

1 Materials and methods

1.1 Materials

The wild jujube seeds harvested in the same year were collected for experiments, and the wild jujube seeds should have no mechanical damage and no dryness.

1.2 Seed germination of wild jujube

Conventional paper media are commercially available.

2 Experimental methods

The present invention is divided into 4 processes, respectively soaking seeds, drying in the shade, sowing, and transplanting, and transplanting to the field after completing these 4 steps. The detailed steps are as follows:

1. Seed soaking: Select the seeds of jujube jujube, remove the seeds with obvious damage, wrinkled testa coat, dull seed coat color, etc., select the complete, plump and shiny seeds, wrap the selected seeds in gauze, and place them in clean water Soak in water at 4°C, soak for 48 hours, and change the water every 24 hours.

2. Drying in the shade: Put the soaked jujube seeds in a cool and ventilated place, spread them out in a layer, and let them air dry naturally for 6-8 days.

3. Sowing: Choose a medium lacking in nutrients, such as perlite, core soil, etc., and control the water content within the range of 20% to 40%. Light (1600Lux～1800Lux), the water content is increased appropriately, and the culture is sealed until the seedlings grow.

4. Transplanting: Transplant jujube seedlings on the nutrient soil medium, control the water content of the medium at about 30%, and control the light intensity at 1600Lux-1800Lux.

3 Investigate the influence of various factors on the germination rate of wild jujube seeds

3.1 Effect of soaking time in water on germination rate

Soak jujube seeds in tap water at room temperature (about 16°C), soak 300 jujube seeds each, and treat 0d(A), 1d(B), 2d(C), 3d(D), 4d(E) respectively . After soaking, dry in the shade for 6-9 days, and then culture on paper medium, and count the germination of jujube seeds under different soaking times. The germination results showed that the soaked seeds germinated faster than the control, and at 8 days of germination, the germination rate was close to or reached the maximum; at 10 days of germination, the germination rate reached the maximum, respectively 75% (A) and 78% (B) , 83% (C), 88% (D) and 75% (E), the germination rates of B, C, and D treatments were all higher than those of the control (A), among which the germination rate of D treatment was the highest, followed by C treatment, and again B treatment, E treatment are equal to the control (see Figure 1). By observing the germination status of spiny jujube seeds under different soaking times (see Figure 2), it can be found that the growth of C and D treatments is obviously better than that of A and B treatments; under the condition of E treatment, the spiny jujube seeds have obvious mildew and rot, and the reason is speculated It may be caused by soaking for too long. The experimental results show that soaking treatment can significantly accelerate the germination of spiny jujube seeds and increase the germination rate of spiny jujube seeds during soaking for 1d to 3d; when the soaking time is too long (4d), it is not conducive to improving the germination rate of spiny jujube seeds. The time is too long to cause the seeds to rot.

3.2 Effect of shade drying time on germination rate

In order to find out the quality change of Zizyphus jujube seeds after soaking and drying in the shade, 300 Zizyphus jujube seeds were soaked at room temperature for 2 days, then dried in a cool and ventilated place, and weighed at a specified time every day. The data of the change in the mass of spiny jujube seeds is expressed by the relative initial mass increase ratio of the shade-dried seeds, that is: the increased mass of the shade-dried spiny jujube seeds (%)=(shade-dried seed mass-initial mass)/initial mass×100%. The research results showed that after soaking for 2 days, the shade-dried seeds began to dry, and the quality of the shade-dried seeds gradually decreased during the period of 1-4 days. On the 3rd-4 days, the quality remained constant and reached a relatively low point, and the increased quality was 0.43% of the initial quality; after that , the quality of the seeds increases gradually, reaching a relatively high point on the 7th day, and the increased mass is 1.73% of the initial mass; after that, the seed quality gradually decreases, reaching a relatively low point on the 11th day, and the increased mass is -0.43% of the initial mass, and then the seeds The quality increased slightly (see Figure 3).

Based on the above data, the seeds of jujube jujube seeds dried in the shade at 4d (A), 7d (B) and 11d (C) were selected for germination experiments on paper medium to investigate the germination rate at different shade drying times. The results showed that on the 10th day of germination, the germination rates were 66% (A), 91% (B) and 76% (C) respectively (see Figure 4). The experimental results showed that the shade-drying time had a significant effect on the germination of jujube seeds, and the seed germination rate was the highest when it was dried in the shade for 7 days and the quality was higher than other periods.

3.3 Effect of soaking temperature on germination rate

Soak at 4°C (A), room temperature (18°C, B) and 25°C (C) for 2 days, change the water at 24 hours, dry in the shade for 7 days, and then culture on paper medium. The results of the study showed that the germination rate of jujube seeds was significantly different under the three different soaking temperature conditions, and the germination rate of seeds soaked in water at 4°C was the highest, which was significantly higher than that at 18°C and 25°C (Figure 5).

3.4 The effect of medium water content on germination rate

In order to ascertain the influence of the water content of the culture medium on the germination rate of jujube seeds, the perlite medium was used for research, and the soil moisture meter was used for detection, and the water content was respectively set to 10% (A), 20% (B), 5 gradients of 30% (C), 40% (D), 50% (E). Bury jujube seeds 1cm below the perlite, and cover with a transparent plastic cover to keep moisture. The water content requirement of the medium for jujube seed germination under the conditions of weak light (10Lux～30Lux) and normal light (1600Lux～1800Lux) were investigated respectively. The research results show that under weak light conditions, when cultured to 14 days, the germination rate of medium with different water content from high to low is 73% (B), 69% (D), 63% (A), 56% (C), 40% (E) (see Figure 6-7); under normal light conditions, when cultured to 14 days, the germination rates of media with different water contents from high to low were 68.9% (D), 63.7 %(C), 57.2%(B), 44.2%(A), 22.1%(E) (see Figure 8).

The experimental data can reflect the following two problems: (1) the growth of jujube seedlings requires low water content in the medium, and when the water content of the medium reaches 50%, the germination rate is low; (2) under different light intensities , Jujube seedlings have different requirements for the water content of the medium, low light requires low water content, and normal light requires high water content.

3.5 Effect of medium type on germination rate

In order to ascertain the effect of medium type on the germination of Zizyphus jujube seeds, the germination of Zizyphus jujube seeds on nutrient soil and perlite medium was investigated under the conditions of low light (10Lux-30Lux) and water content of 20%. The results of the study showed that there were significant differences in the germination of jujube seeds on these two media, and the germination rate on perlite was significantly higher than that on nutrient soil (see Figure 9). The experimental data showed that the culture conditions rich in nutrients were not conducive to the germination of spiny jujube seeds, while the culture conditions of insufficient nutrients were beneficial to the germination of spiny jujube seeds.

In order to continue to find out the relationship between jujube seed germination and the nutritional conditions of the medium, under normal light (1600Lux～1800Lux) and water content of 30%, the topsoil in the soil (the soil of the plowing layer, within the range of 10cm below the surface) was investigated respectively. Take soil, this part of the soil is loose, with more voids, more humus accumulation, rich in nutrients) and core soil (the lower layer of the cultivation layer, soil is taken within the range of 30cm to 60cm below the surface, this part of the soil has fewer voids, more humus less accumulation, poor nutrient content) on the germination of jujube seeds. The results of the study showed that there was a significant difference in the germination of jujube seeds on these two soils, and the germination rate on the core soil was significantly higher than that on the surface soil (see Figure 10). The experimental data further showed that the culture conditions rich in nutrients were not conducive to the germination of spiny jujube seeds, while the culture conditions of deficient nutrients were beneficial to the germination of spiny jujube seeds.

3.6 Seedling culture conditions

In order to find out the survival rate and growth of jujube seedlings on nutrient-poor medium (perlite) and nutrient-rich medium (nutrient soil), the seedlings that grew to 4 true leaves (about 20 days) were transplanted to perlite (A ) and nutrient soil medium (B), keep the medium moist and keep the water content at 30%. When cultivating 30d after transplanting, the observation result shows that the survival rate of jujube seedlings on the perlite medium is 73.4%, and the survival rate on the nutrient soil medium is 94.3% (see Figure 11), and, on the perlite culture On the basis, the leaves of jujube seedlings were yellow and their growth was weak, while the leaves of jujube seedlings on the nutrient soil medium were green and their growth was strong.

In summary, the optimal process conditions are: seed treatment conditions: soaking time 3d, soaking temperature 4°C, shade drying time 7d; seed cultivation conditions: under low light (10Lux ~ 30Lux), the germination rate is the highest at 20% water content, normal light ( 1600Lux～1800Lux), the germination rate of seeds with a water content of 40% is the highest; the germination rate of Zizyphus jujube seeds is higher in culture conditions with insufficient nutrients than in culture conditions with rich nutrients; seedling culture conditions: Zizyphus jujube seedlings are grown in nutrient-rich medium Better growth and survival rate.

4 Cultivation of jujube seedlings under optimal process conditions

Using 200 wild jujube seeds as materials, divide them equally into experimental group and control group. Experimental group: use 2 experimental methods according to the above optimal process conditions: seed treatment conditions: soaking time 3d, soaking temperature 4°C, drying time 7d; seed cultivation Conditions: Under weak light (10Lux～30Lux), the water content is 20% or under normal light (1600Lux～1800Lux), the water content is 40%; Zizyphus jujube seeds are sown in perlite medium with insufficient nutrients; Planted on nutrient-rich nutrient soil medium to cultivate jujube seedlings; control group: compared with the experimental group, without seed treatment; count the seed germination rate, emergence rate and seedling survival rate of each group. Calculation formula:

Seed germination rate = (number of germinated seeds/total number of seeds) × 100%

Seed emergence rate = (number of seed emergence/total number of seeds) × 100%

Seedling survival rate = (number of surviving seedlings/number of transplanted seedlings) × 100%

The results are shown in Table 1:

Table 1

group Seed germination rate Seed emergence rate Survival rate of seedlings test group 96% 87% 98% control group 75% 48% 83%

The above-mentioned embodiments are only to describe the preferred mode of the present invention, not to limit the scope of the present invention. Without departing from the design spirit of the present invention, those skilled in the art may make various Variations and improvements should fall within the scope of protection defined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims (5)

1. a method for efficiently cultivating wild jujube seedlings, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps: (1) Seed treatment: Soak the jujube seeds in water for 1d to 3d, and air-dry the soaked seeds for 6d to 8d; the soaking temperature is 4°C; (2) Sowing: the seeds treated in step (1) are sown into the seed medium for cultivation until seedlings grow; the seed medium is a medium lacking in nutrients; (3) Transplanting: transplanting the seedlings described in step (2) to the seedling culture medium; The nutrient-deficient medium in step (2) includes perlite and/or core soil medium, and the culture condition is to maintain the water content of the seed medium at 20% to 40% under the light intensity of 10Lux to 30Lux Or maintain the water content of the seed medium at 30% to 40% under the light intensity of 1600Lux to 1800Lux; The seedling medium in step (3) is a nutrient-rich medium, and the culture condition is to maintain the water content of the seedling medium at 30% under the light intensity of 1600Lux-1800Lux. 2. a kind of jujube seedling efficient cultivation method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the described soaking time of step (1) is 3d, and described air-drying time is 7d. 3. A method for efficiently cultivating wild jujube seedlings according to claim 1, characterized in that, after soaking the wild jujube seeds in water in step (1), the method also includes changing the water every 24 hours. 4. a kind of wild jujube seedling high-efficiency cultivation method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the air-drying condition described in step (1) is to air-dry naturally in a cool and ventilated place. 5. a kind of jujube seedling efficient cultivation method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described nutrient-rich medium comprises nutrient soil medium.

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