CN114451096B - Efficient wild jujube seedling cultivation method - Google Patents
Efficient wild jujube seedling cultivation method Download PDFInfo
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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Abstract
The invention discloses an efficient wild jujube seedling cultivation method, and belongs to the technical field of seedling cultivation. The method comprises the following steps: (1) seed treatment: soaking wild jujube seeds in water for 1-3 days, and air-drying the soaked seeds for 6-8 days; (2) sowing: sowing the seeds treated in the step (1) into a seed culture medium for culturing until seedlings grow out; (3) transplanting: transplanting the seedlings in the step (2) to a seedling culture medium for culture. The method can effectively improve the germination rate and emergence rate of wild jujube seeds and the survival rate of wild jujube seedlings, remarkably improve the production efficiency and reduce the production cost; the method has low requirement on equipment and simple process, and lays an important foundation for popularization and application of large-scale planting of the wild jujube.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of seedling cultivation, in particular to a method for efficiently cultivating wild jujube seedlings.
Background
In the current wild jujube planting, a wild jujube seed direct seeding method is generally adopted for wild jujube seedling cultivation, and the wild jujube seeds are directly sown without any treatment or after being simply soaked. The wild jujube seeds which are not treated or simply soaked are directly sown, the germination rate of the wild jujube seeds is low, the emergence rate of seedlings is low (generally 30-40%), and therefore raw materials and land waste is large, labor cost is high, and working efficiency is low. In the prior art, the wild jujube seeds are soaked by adopting the plant growth hormone to promote the germination rate, but the germination rate can be only improved to 48.5 percent by adopting the technology, the increase amplitude is not obvious, and the production cost is further improved by additionally using the artificially synthesized plant growth hormone. Therefore, it is very necessary to provide a method for efficiently cultivating wild jujube seedlings, which can significantly improve the germination rate of wild jujube seeds and reduce the cost.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an efficient cultivation method of wild jujube seedlings, which can effectively improve the germination rate and emergence rate of wild jujube seeds and lay an important foundation for popularization and application of wild jujube large-scale planting.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following scheme:
the invention provides a method for efficiently cultivating wild jujube seedlings, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Seed treatment: soaking wild jujube seeds in water for 1-3 days, and air-drying the soaked seeds for 6-8 days;
(2) Sowing: sowing the seeds treated in the step (1) into a seed culture medium for culturing until seedlings grow out;
(3) Transplanting: transplanting the seedlings in the step (2) to a seedling culture medium for culture.
Further, the soaking temperature in the step (1) is 4 ℃, the soaking time is 3d, and the air drying time is 7d.
Further, after the wild jujube seeds are soaked in water in the step (1), water changing treatment is carried out every 24 hours.
Further, the air drying condition in the step (1) is natural air drying in a cool and ventilated place.
Further, the seed culture medium in the step (2) is nutrient-deficient culture medium.
Further, the nutrient-deficient medium includes perlite and/or subsoil medium.
Further, the culture condition in the step (2) is to maintain the water content of the seed culture medium to be 20-40% under the illumination intensity of 10-30 Lux or to maintain the water content of the seed culture medium to be 30-40% under the illumination intensity of 1600-1800 Lux.
Further, the seedling culture medium in the step (3) is a nutrient-rich culture medium.
Further, the nutrient-rich medium includes a nutrient soil medium.
Further, the culture condition of the step (3) is to maintain the water content of the seedling culture medium at the illumination intensity of 1600 Lux-1800 Lux to be 30%.
The invention discloses the following technical effects:
the method optimizes the wild jujube seedling cultivation process through a single-factor experiment, and finally determines the optimal seed treatment conditions as follows: soaking for 3d, soaking at 4 deg.C, and drying in shade for 7d; and (3) seed culture conditions: the germination rate is highest when the water content is 20% under weak light (10 Lux-30 Lux), and the germination rate is highest when the water content is 40% under normal light (1600 Lux-1800 Lux); the germination rate of the wild jujube seeds under the culture condition with insufficient nutrient components is higher than that under the culture condition with rich nutrient components. Under the condition, the germination rate of wild jujube seeds reaches 96%, the emergence rate is 87%, and the survival rate of wild jujube seedlings is 98%. Therefore, the method effectively improves the germination rate and emergence rate of wild jujube seeds and the survival rate of wild jujube seedlings, obviously improves the production efficiency and reduces the production cost; the method has low requirement on equipment and simple process, and lays an important foundation for popularization and application of large-scale planting of the wild jujube.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a statistical chart of germination rates of wild jujube seeds at different soaking times according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the germination and growth conditions of the wild jujube seeds at different soaking times;
FIG. 3 is a statistical chart of the drying quality variation of wild jujube seeds in the shade according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a statistical chart of germination rates of wild jujube seeds of the present invention at different drying times in the shade;
FIG. 5 is a statistical chart of germination rates of wild jujube seeds at different soaking temperatures according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a statistical chart of germination conditions of wild jujube seeds in culture media with different water contents under low light conditions;
FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the germination and growth conditions of wild jujube seeds in a culture medium with different water contents under a low light condition;
FIG. 8 is a statistical chart of germination conditions of wild jujube seeds in a medium with different water content under normal light conditions;
FIG. 9 is a statistical chart of germination of wild jujube seeds on a perlite, nutrient soil medium in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a statistical chart of germination of wild jujube seeds on a surface soil and a subsoil culture medium according to the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a statistical chart of the survival rate of the wild jujube seedlings on a perlite and nutrient soil culture medium.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to various exemplary embodiments of the invention, the detailed description should not be construed as limiting the invention but as a more detailed description of certain aspects, features and embodiments of the invention.
It is to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. Further, for numerical ranges in this disclosure, it is understood that each intervening value, between the upper and lower limit of that range, is also specifically disclosed. Every smaller range between any stated value or intervening value in a stated range and any other stated or intervening value in a stated range is encompassed within the invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges may independently be included or excluded in the range.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. Although only preferred methods and materials are described herein, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used in the practice or testing of the present invention. All documents mentioned in this specification are incorporated by reference herein for the purpose of disclosing and describing the methods and/or materials associated with the documents. In case of conflict with any incorporated document, the present specification will control.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the specific embodiments of the present disclosure without departing from the scope or spirit of the disclosure. Other embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification. The description and examples are intended to be illustrative only.
As used herein, the terms "comprising," "including," "having," "containing," and the like are open-ended terms that mean including, but not limited to.
1 materials and methods
1.1 materials
The wild jujube seeds harvested in the current year are collected for experiments, and the wild jujube seeds are free of mechanical damage and dry and shrivelled.
1.2 wild jujube seed Germination
Conventional paper media, commercially available.
2 method of experiment
The invention has 4 processes, namely seed soaking, shade drying, sowing and transplanting, and the 4 steps are completed before the transplanting to the field. The detailed steps are as follows:
1. seed soaking: selecting wild jujube seeds, removing seeds with obvious damage, fold and dull color of the seed coat, selecting and retaining complete, full and glossy seeds, wrapping the selected and retained seeds in gauze, soaking in clear water at the water temperature of 4 ℃, soaking for 48h, and changing water once within 24 h.
2. Drying in the shade: and spreading the soaked wild jujube seeds in a shady and ventilated place to form a layer, and naturally drying for 6-8 days.
3. Sowing: selecting nutrient-deficient culture medium, such as pearlite and subsoil, etc., controlling water content in the range of 20% -40%, such as weak light (10 Lux-30 Lux), properly reducing water content, such as strong light (1600 Lux-1800 Lux), properly raising water content, sealing and culturing until seedling grows out.
4. Transplanting: transplanting wild jujube seedlings on a nutrient soil culture medium, wherein the water content of the culture medium is controlled to be about 30 percent, and the illumination intensity is controlled to be 1600 Lux-1800 Lux.
3 investigating the influence of various factors on the germination rate of the wild jujube seeds
3.1 Effect of Water immersion time on Germination Rate
Soaking Ziziphi Spinosae seed in tap water at room temperature (about 16 deg.C), soaking 300 pieces of Ziziphi Spinosae seed respectively, and treating for 0D (A), 1D (B), 2D (C), 3D (D), and 4D (E). After soaking, drying in the shade for 6-9 days, then placing on a paper culture medium for culture, and counting the germination conditions of the wild jujube seeds under different soaking times. The germination result shows that the germination of the soaked seeds is faster than that of the control, and the seeds approach or reach the maximum germination rate when germinating for 8 days; at germination time 10D, the germination rates reached maximum values of 75% (A), 78% (B), 83% (C), 88% (D) and 75% (E), respectively, and the germination rates of the B, C and D treatments were all higher than that of the control (A), with the D treatment having the highest germination rate, the C treatment, the B treatment, and the E treatment being equal to that of the control (see FIG. 1). Through observing the germination conditions of the wild jujube seeds under different soaking times (see figure 2), the growth vigor of the wild jujube seeds treated by the treatment methods C and D is obviously superior to that of the wild jujube seeds treated by the treatment methods A and B; under the condition of the E treatment, the wild jujube seeds have obvious mildew phenomena, and the presumed reason is probably caused by overlong soaking time. The experimental result shows that the wild jujube seed germination can be obviously accelerated by soaking treatment within the time of soaking for 1-3 d, and the wild jujube seed germination rate is improved; when the soaking time is too long (4 d), the germination rate of the wild jujube seeds is not improved, which is caused by the rottenness of the seeds due to the too long soaking time.
3.2 Effect of drying in the shade on Germination Rate
In order to find out the mass change of the wild jujube seeds after soaking and drying in the shade, 300 wild jujube seeds are soaked for 2 days at room temperature, then dried in the shade in a cool and ventilated place and weighed at a specified time every day. The date seed mass change data are expressed as the relative shade-dried seed to initial mass increase ratio, i.e.: the mass increase (%) of wild jujube seeds dried in the shade is = (mass of dried seeds in the shade-initial mass)/initial mass x 100%. Research results show that the seeds begin to be dried in the shade after being soaked for 2 days, the quality of the seeds dried in the shade is gradually reduced within 1 d-4 d, the quality is constant and reaches a relatively low point within 3 d-4 d, and the increased quality is 0.43 percent of the initial quality; then, the seed mass gradually increases, reaching a relatively high point at 7d, and the increased mass is 1.73% of the initial mass; thereafter, the seed mass gradually decreased until the 11d point reached a relatively low point, increasing the mass to-0.43% of the initial mass, after which the seed mass slightly increased (see FIG. 3).
Based on the data, wild jujube seeds dried in shade at 4d (A), 7d (B) and 11d (C) at 3 time points are respectively selected to carry out germination experiments on a paper culture medium, and the germination rate conditions in different drying times are examined. The results of the study showed that in germination 10d, germination rates were 66% (A), 91% (B) and 76% (C), respectively (see FIG. 4). Experimental results show that the drying time in the shade has obvious influence on the germination of wild jujube seeds, and the germination rate of the seeds is the highest when the wild jujube seeds are dried in the shade for 7 days and the quality is higher than that of the wild jujube seeds in other periods.
3.3 Effect of immersion temperature on Germination Rate
Soaking at 4 deg.C (A), room temperature (18 deg.C, B) and 25 deg.C (C) for 2d, changing water at 24h, drying in shade for 7d, and culturing on paper culture medium. Research results show that the difference of the germination rates of the wild jujube seeds is obvious under 3 different soaking temperature conditions, wherein the germination rate of the wild jujube seeds soaked in water at 4 ℃ is the highest and is obviously higher than 18 ℃ and 25 ℃ (figure 5).
3.4 Effect of Medium Water content on germination Rate
In order to find out the influence of the water content of the culture medium on the germination rate of the wild jujube seeds, the perlite culture medium is adopted for research, a soil moisture meter is adopted for detection, and 5 gradients with the water contents of 10% (A), 20% (B), 30% (C), 40% (D) and 50% (E) are respectively set. Burying wild jujube seed 1cm below perlite, and covering with transparent plastic cover to keep moisture. The requirements of the wild jujube seed germination on the water content of the culture medium under the conditions of weak light (10 Lux-30 Lux) and normal light (1600 Lux-1800 Lux) are respectively considered. The research result shows that under the low light condition, the germination rates of the culture media with different water contents are 73 percent (B), 69 percent (D), 63 percent (A), 56 percent (C) and 40 percent (E) from high to low in sequence when the culture media are cultured for 14 days (see fig. 6-7); under normal light conditions, the germination rates of the culture media with different water contents are 68.9% (D), 63.7% (C), 57.2% (B), 44.2% (A) and 22.1% (E) in sequence from high to low when the culture media are cultured for 14 days (see figure 8).
This experimental data reflects 2 problems as follows: (1) The wild jujube seedling growth has lower requirement on the water content of the culture medium, and when the water content of the culture medium reaches 50%, the germination rate is lower; (2) Under the condition of different illumination intensities, the wild jujube seedlings have different requirements on the water content of a culture medium, the weak light requires low water content, and the normal light requires high water content.
3.5 Effect of Medium type on Germination Rate
In order to find out the influence of the type of the culture medium on the germination of the wild jujube seeds, the germination condition of the wild jujube seeds on nutrient soil and perlite culture medium is examined under the conditions of weak light (10 Lux-30 Lux) and 20% of water content. The results of the study show that the germination of wild jujube seeds on the two culture media are obviously different, and the germination rate on perlite is obviously higher than that on nutrient soil (see figure 9). Experimental data show that the culture conditions with rich nutrient contents are not favorable for the germination of the wild jujube seeds, and the culture conditions with insufficient nutrient contents are favorable for the germination of the wild jujube seeds.
In order to continuously find out the relation between the wild jujube seed germination and the nutrient condition of the culture medium, under the conditions of normal light (1600 Lux-1800 Lux) and 30% of water content, the conditions of wild jujube seed germination of surface soil (soil of a plough layer, soil is taken within a range of 10cm below the surface of the ground, the soil of the part is loose in quality, more in gaps, more in accumulated humus and rich in nutrition) and core soil (soil is taken at a lower layer of the plough layer within a range of 30cm to 60cm below the surface of the ground, the part of soil is less in gaps, less in accumulated humus and poor in nutrient content) in the soil are respectively considered. The research result shows that the germination conditions of wild jujube seeds on the two soils are obviously different, and the germination rate on the heart soil is obviously higher than that on the surface soil (see figure 10). The experimental data further show that the culture conditions with rich nutrient contents are not favorable for the germination of the wild jujube seeds, and the culture conditions with insufficient nutrient contents are favorable for the germination of the wild jujube seeds.
3.6 conditions for seedling culture
In order to find out the survival rate and growth vigor of wild jujube seedlings on a nutrient-deficient culture medium (perlite) and a nutrient-rich culture medium (nutrient soil), the seedlings growing to 4 true leaves (about 20 days) are respectively transplanted onto the perlite (A) and the nutrient soil culture medium (B), the culture mediums are kept wet, and the water content is kept at 30%. After the wild jujube seedlings are transplanted and cultured for 30 days, the observation result shows that the survival rate of the wild jujube seedlings on the perlite culture medium is 73.4 percent, the survival rate of the wild jujube seedlings on the nutrient soil culture medium is 94.3 percent (see figure 11), the leaves of the wild jujube seedlings on the perlite culture medium are yellowed and grow weakly, and the leaves of the wild jujube seedlings on the nutrient soil culture medium are green and grow strongly.
In summary, the optimal process conditions are: seed treatment conditions: soaking for 3d, soaking at 4 deg.C, and drying in shade for 7d; seed culture conditions: the germination rate is highest when the water content is 20% under weak light (10 Lux-30 Lux), and the germination rate is highest when the water content is 40% under normal light (1600 Lux-1800 Lux); the germination rate of the wild jujube seeds under the culture condition with insufficient nutrient components is higher than that under the culture condition with rich nutrient components; seedling culture conditions: the growth condition and the survival rate of the wild jujube seedlings are better on a nutrient-rich culture medium.
4 cultivating wild jujube seedling under optimal process conditions
Taking 200 wild jujube seeds as a material, equally dividing the seeds into an experimental group and a control group, wherein the experimental group comprises the following components: adopting 2 experimental methods according to the optimal process conditions: seed treatment conditions: soaking for 3d at 4 deg.C for 7d; seed culture conditions: under weak light (10 Lux-30 Lux), the water content is 20 percent or under normal light (1600 Lux-1800 Lux), the water content is 40 percent; sowing wild jujube seeds in a perlite culture medium with insufficient nutrient components; seedling culture conditions: transplanting the wild jujube seedlings to a nutrient soil culture medium with rich nutrition to culture wild jujube seedlings; control group: compared with the experimental group, the experimental group is not treated with seeds; and (5) counting the germination rate, emergence rate and seedling survival rate of each group of seeds. Calculating the formula:
seed germination rate = (number of germinated seeds/total number of seeds) × 100%
Seed emergence rate = (number of seed emergence/total number of seeds) × 100%
Seedling survival rate = (number of surviving seedlings/number of transplanted seedlings) × 100%
The results are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1
| Group of | Seed germination rate | Rate of emergence of seeds | Survival rate of young seedling |
| Experimental group | 96％ | 87％ | 98％ |
| Control group | 75％ | 48％ | 83％ |
The above-described embodiments are merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the scope of the present invention, and various modifications and improvements of the technical solutions of the present invention can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and the technical solutions of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention defined by the claims.
Claims (5)
1. An efficient wild jujube seedling cultivation method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Seed treatment: soaking wild jujube seeds in water for 1-3 days, and air-drying the soaked seeds for 6-8 days; the soaking temperature is 4 ℃;
(2) Sowing: sowing the seeds treated in the step (1) into a seed culture medium for culturing until seedlings grow out; the seed culture medium is a nutrient-deficient culture medium;
(3) Transplanting: transplanting the seedlings in the step (2) to a seedling culture medium for culture;
the nutrient-deficient culture medium in the step (2) comprises a perlite and/or subsoil culture medium, and the culture condition is to maintain the water content of the seed culture medium to be 20% -40% under the illumination intensity of 10 Lux-30 Lux or to maintain the water content of the seed culture medium to be 30% -40% under the illumination intensity of 1600 Lux-1800 Lux;
and (3) the seedling culture medium is rich in nutrition, and the culture condition is that the water content of the seedling culture medium is maintained to be 30% under the illumination intensity of 1600 Lux-1800 Lux.
2. The method for efficiently cultivating wild jujube seedlings according to claim 1, wherein the soaking time in step (1) is 3 days, and the air drying time is 7 days.
3. The method for efficiently cultivating wild jujube seedlings according to claim 1, wherein the step (1) of soaking wild jujube seeds in water further comprises water changing treatment every 24 hours.
4. The efficient wild jujube seedling cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein the air drying condition in the step (1) is natural air drying in a cool and ventilated place.
5. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the nutrient-rich medium comprises nutrient soil medium.
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| CN102599000B (en) * | 2012-03-30 | 2013-06-26 | 常熟市常福有机复合肥有限公司 | Wild jujube seedling raising method |
| CN105104086B (en) * | 2015-08-28 | 2017-06-30 | 山东师范大学 | It is a kind of to improve the method that arrow-leaved oleaster seed is emerged with seedling in inland salt-soda soil |
| CN105393672B (en) * | 2016-01-21 | 2018-01-19 | 甘肃省治沙研究所 | A kind of method effectively abolished husky honey raisin tree seed dormancy, promote emergence |
| CN106717267B (en) * | 2016-12-12 | 2020-08-25 | 甘肃省治沙研究所 | Method for increasing germination rate of Calligonum mongolicum seeds by more than 40% |
| CN106665304B (en) * | 2016-12-12 | 2020-12-22 | 河北农业大学 | Method for rapid seedling formation of hybrid seeds of jujube trees based on soilless culture |
| LU500165B1 (en) * | 2021-05-17 | 2021-11-18 | Institute Of Grassland Res Of Caas | Aseptic seedling cultivation method for roegneria |
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