CN114436665A - 一种大高炉单铁口出铁炮泥 - Google Patents

一种大高炉单铁口出铁炮泥 Download PDF

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CN114436665A
CN114436665A CN202210086992.9A CN202210086992A CN114436665A CN 114436665 A CN114436665 A CN 114436665A CN 202210086992 A CN202210086992 A CN 202210086992A CN 114436665 A CN114436665 A CN 114436665A
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parts
stemming
blast furnace
taphole
tapping
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王小军
杨林
张君博
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BEIJING RUIPU TONGCHUANG TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT CO LTD
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Abstract

本申请涉及炼铁辅助耐火材料技术领域，具体公开了一种大高炉单铁口出铁炮泥，包括以下重量份的原料：棕刚玉骨料20～30份、碳化硅10～20份、粘土6～15份、复合碳素材料10～20份、氮化硅铁5～15份、氧化铝微粉5～8份、蓝晶石4～6份、烧结剂2～7份、结合剂10～15份。本申请具有提高炮泥的快速烧结性能的优点。

Description

一种大高炉单铁口出铁炮泥
技术领域
本申请涉及炼铁辅助耐火材料技术领域，具体涉及一种大高炉单铁口出铁炮泥。
背景技术
炮泥是用硅酸铝质材料、碳化硅、焦炭等材料及结合剂、外加剂配制而成的堵铁口的不定型耐火材料，也是高炉顺利、安全炼铁的关键功能材料。在高炉运行过程中，炮泥发挥的三大功能是：堵塞出铁口，稳定排放熔融铁水和炉渣，保护炉缸、延长高炉底部寿命。
常规炮泥设计是在多铁口交替使用，为保证炮泥的抗冲刷性及强度，在设计上多使用高纯耐火原料和外加剂，其必须有充足烧结时间，带来更好的使用性能。
因高炉生产过程中有许多不确定因素，时常要单铁口出铁，此时常规炮泥无法满足单铁口连续出铁，就此需要设计能快速烧结，快速出铁的单铁口炮泥。
发明内容
为了提高炮泥的快速烧结性能，本申请提供一种大高炉单铁口出铁炮泥。
本申请提供的一种大高炉单铁口出铁炮泥，采用如下的技术方案：
一种大高炉单铁口出铁炮泥，包括以下重量份的原料：棕刚玉骨料20～30份、碳化硅10～20份、粘土6～15份、复合碳素材料10～20份、氮化硅铁5～15份、氧化铝微粉5～8份、蓝晶石4～6份、烧结剂2～7份、结合剂10～15份。
通过选用棕刚玉骨料、碳化硅、氮化硅铁、氧化铝微粉作为耐火材料主成分，同时采用低熔点的粘土配合烧结剂助烧特性以及结合剂的分散和结合作用，可提升本申请的快速烧结性能，制得的炮泥透气性好易烧结，增强炮泥在低温快速烧结时的耐压强度及抗折强度，提高耐渣铁的冲刷性能。
优选的，以重量份数计，所述结合剂基本组成为：水玻璃1～4份、硅溶胶8～12份、羧甲基纤维素8～12份、含碳树脂4～7份、二氧化钛/蒙脱土复合材料2～10份。
通过选用本申请所限定的结合剂，不仅有利于环保，而且能够有效的提升炮泥的低温烧结时的耐压强度，从而使得炮泥能够在低温下快速烧结并能够确保单铁口连续快速出铁时的使用性能。
优选的，所述硅溶胶的固含量为25～40。
通过采用上述技术方案，硅溶胶属于多聚硅酸分散体系，溶胶粒子内部是硅氧烷(-Si-O-Si-)网络结构，表面被很多硅烷醇基(-SiOH)和羟基(-OH)包裹，所以其具有良好的分散性和渗透性，能够分散在炮泥颗粒的空隙中，使得各个粒子之间相结合，同时硅溶胶包裹在固体表层能产生稳定的硅胶薄膜，从而增强炮泥的粘结性，缩短固化时间，使得炮泥具有良好的性能。采用固含量为25～40的硅溶胶，能够有效的提升炮泥低温烧结时的耐压强度。
优选的，所述含碳树脂的碳含量≥80wt％，软化点≥200℃。
通过采用上述技术方案，含碳树脂的碳含量较高，800℃碳化后形成的碳网络结构可减少渣铁的侵润，提高抗渣性。
优选的，所述烧结剂包括重量比为0.6～1.2：2～5的硼砂和云母。
优选的，所述云母为绢云母，且绢云母的Al2O3含量≥12wt％，SiO2含量≥68wt％，粒度≤0.074mm。
通过采用上述技术方案，硼砂和云母作为烧结剂可使物料达到快速烧结，提高物料的初始强度，从而提升炮泥的耐压强度。
优选的，所述粘土选自广西白泥、高岭土、蒙脱土中的任意一种。
通过采用上述技术方案，广西白泥、高岭土中主要成分是Al2O3和SiO2，能够提升炮泥的致密性和高温强度。蒙脱土是以蒙脱石为主要矿物成份的铝硅酸盐，其结构是由两层硅氧四面体夹一层铝氧八面体构成的2：1型晶体结构，蒙脱石具有吸水膨胀性、分散性、粘结性、胶体性、吸附性、耐火性、润滑性等良好的物理化学特性，使得蒙脱土在低温下，可以吸收大量水分发生膨胀，填充空隙，使得耐火材料颗粒之间产生很大结合力，从而提高炮泥的耐压强度。
优选的，所述复合碳素材料包括重量比为70～80：1～2:2～3的焦炭、碳黑和沥青。
通过采用上述技术方案，复合碳素材料的引入，改善了炮泥的开口性能和抗渣铁冲蚀性，提高了炮泥的质量稳定性。
优选的，所述炭黑为亲水型纳米白炭黑，其比表面积为180～220m2/g，SiO2含量≥99wt％。
通过采用上述技术方案，因纳米白炭黑比表面积大故而具有自结合性，同时能够与硅溶胶性质匹配，能够弥补硅溶胶初始强度低的缺点。
综上所述，本申请具有以下有益效果：
1、通过选用棕刚玉骨料、碳化硅、氮化硅铁、氧化铝微粉作为耐火材料主成分，同时采用低熔点的粘土配合烧结剂助烧特性以及结合剂的分散和结合作用，可提升本申请的快速烧结性能，制得的炮泥透气性好易烧结，增强炮泥在低温快速烧结时的耐压强度及抗折强度，提高耐渣铁的冲刷性能。
2、通过选用本申请所限定的结合剂，不仅有利于环保，而且能够有效的提升炮泥的低温烧结时的耐压强度，从而使得炮泥能够在低温下快速烧结并能够确保单铁口连续快速出铁时的使用性能。
附图说明
图1是本申请提供的炮泥图。
具体实施方式
以下结合实施例对本申请作进一步详细说明，予以特别说明的是：以下实施例中未注明具体条件者，按照常规条件或制造商建议的条件进行，以下实施例中所用原料除特殊说明外均可来源于普通市售。
含碳树脂，购自德国瑞嘉化工集团公司的
Figure BDA0003488338970000032
P型号。
制备例
制备例1
结合剂采用如下重量份原料混合均匀而成：水玻璃1份、硅溶胶8份、羧甲基纤维素8份、含碳树脂4份、二氧化钛/蒙脱土复合材料2份。
其中，二氧化钛/蒙脱土复合材料的制备方法如下：
配置TiCl4加入到2.0molL盐酸溶液中，其中按摩尔比，TiC14：HCl＝2：1，用去离子水稀释至Ti4+至0.8mo/L，得到TiC14柱化剂。
取配置好的TiC14柱化剂缓慢加入蒙脱土悬浮溶液中，其中TiC14：蒙脱土＝1：3，蒙脱土悬浮溶液中，蒙脱土：水＝1g：10ml。然后搅拌4.5小时，加入氨水调节pH在2～3之间，反应3.5小时后，离心分离，用无水乙醇洗涤、抽滤、水洗、70℃干燥后，在500℃下煅烧1.5小时，得到二氧化钛/蒙脱土复合材料。
含碳树脂的碳含量≥80wt％，软化点≥200℃；硅溶胶的固含量为25。
制备例2-3
制备例2-3分别提供了结合剂，与制备例1不同之处在于，各结合剂中原料的重量份数不同，具体如表1所示。
表1制备例1-3提供的结合剂中原料的重量份数
Figure BDA0003488338970000031
Figure BDA0003488338970000041
其中“/”表示没有添加。
制备例4-5
制备例4-5分别提供了结合剂，与制备例2不同之处在于，各结合剂中硅溶胶的固含量不同，具体如表2所示。
表2制备例2、4-5中硅溶胶固含量
制备例 硅溶胶固含量
2 25
4 35
5 40
对比制备例1-4
对比制备例1-4分别提供了结合剂，与制备例2不同之处在于，各结合剂中原料的重量份数不同，具体如表3所示。
表3制备例1-4提供的结合剂中原料的重量份数
对比制备例 水玻璃 硅溶胶 羧甲基纤维素 含碳树脂 二氧化钛/蒙脱土复合材料
1 2.5 10 10 5.5 /
2 2.5 10 10 5.5 15
3 2.5 10 10 / 6
4 2.5 / 10 5.5 6
其中“/”表示没有添加。
实施例
实施例1
一种大高炉单铁口出铁炮泥，采用以下制备方法制备而成：
在棕刚玉骨料20份、棕刚玉粉3.8份、碳化硅10份、粘土6份、复合碳素材料10份、氮化硅铁5份、氧化铝微粉5份、蓝晶石4份、硼砂0.6份和云母2份的混合料中添加制备例1的结合剂10份，进行混碾形成单铁口出铁炮泥。
其中，棕刚玉骨料纯度为95％；棕刚玉粉的粒度为200目；碳化硅纯度为90％，粒度为200目；粘土为广西白泥；复合碳素包括重量比为70：1:3的焦炭、碳黑和沥青，炭黑为亲水型纳米白炭黑，其比表面积为200m2/g，SiO2含量≥99wt％；氮化硅铁的粒度为200目；氧化铝微粉的细度为2μm；烧结剂包括重量比为0.6：2的硼砂和云母，云母为绢云母，且绢云母的Al2O3含量≥12wt％，SiO2含量≥68wt％，粒度≤0.074mm。
实施例2-7
实施例2-7分别提供了一种大高炉单铁口出铁炮泥，与实施1的不同之处在于：各实施例中原料的重量份数不同，具体如表4所示。
表4实施例1-7提供的炮泥中原料的重量份数
Figure BDA0003488338970000051
实施例8-15
实施例8-15分别提供了一种大高炉单铁口出铁炮泥，与实施7的不同之处在于：制备炮泥所用的烧结剂不同，具体如表5所示。
表5实施例7、8-15提供的炮泥中所采用的烧结剂
Figure BDA0003488338970000052
Figure BDA0003488338970000061
对比例
对比例1
对比例1提供一种大高炉单铁口出铁炮泥，炮泥材料的各原料按照以下重量配比均匀混合而成：棕刚玉骨料32份；97碳化硅27份；焦炭15份；广西白泥10份；叶腊石9份；结合剂：20份。
其中：结合剂材料的各组分按照以下重量配比均匀混合而成：硅溶胶：80份；葡萄糖：12份；甘油：7份。
对比例2
对比例2与实施7的不同之处在于：对比例1中将广西白泥等量替换为棕刚玉粉。
对比例3
对比例2与实施7的不同之处在于：对比例2中将云母和硼砂等量替换为棕刚玉粉。
性能检测试验
检测方法
分别按照国家标准YB/T 5200-1993、GB/T 5072-2008、GB/T 5988-2007检测上述实施例1-15和对比例1-2中炮泥的体积密度、耐压强度、线变化率，检测结果见表6。
表6实施例1-15与对比例1-2提供的炮泥性能测试结果
Figure BDA0003488338970000062
Figure BDA0003488338970000071
Figure BDA0003488338970000081
结合实施例1-5和对比例1并结合表6可以看出，相较于相关技术当中的炮泥，本申请中实施例1-15中提供的大高炉单铁口出铁炮泥在300℃*24h、500℃*3h、800℃*3h和1350℃*3h时，便具有较为优异的耐压强度，说明同时采用低熔点的粘土配合烧结剂助烧特性以及结合剂的分散和结合作用，可提升本申请的快速烧结性能，制得的炮泥透气性好易烧结，增强炮泥在低温快速烧结时的耐压强度。
结合实施例3-7和对比例2-3并结合表6可以看出，广西白泥、云母和硼砂的配比关系能够影响到炮泥的低温烧结后的耐压强度，且当广西白泥、云母和硼砂的配比关系为6:5:0.6时，炮泥的低温烧结后的耐压强度最佳。
结合实施例7-15并结合表6可以看出，烧结剂中原料组分的配比能够影响到炮泥的低温烧结后的耐压强度，其中，烧结剂中的硅溶胶的添加与否以及硅溶胶的固含量对炮泥的低温烧结后的耐压强度影响较大，硅溶胶的固含量越大，炮泥的低温烧结后的耐压强度越大，但此时炮泥的线变化率也逐渐增大。而含碳树脂与二氧化钛/蒙脱土材料对炮泥低温烧结后的耐压强度的影响基本相同，可能是因为二氧化钛/蒙脱土材料可以与含碳树脂中的碳较易反应生成高熔点的碳化钛，从而提高炮泥低温烧结后的耐压强度。
可以理解的是，以上实施方式仅仅是为了说明本发明的原理而采用的示例性实施方式，然而本发明并不局限于此。对于本领域内的普通技术人员而言，在不脱离本发明的精神和实质的情况下，可以做出各种变型和改进，这些变型和改进也视为本发明的保护范围。

Claims (8)

1.一种大高炉单铁口出铁炮泥，其特征在于，包括以下重量份的原料：棕刚玉骨料20～30份、碳化硅10～20份、粘土6～15份、复合碳素材料10～20份、氮化硅铁5～15份、氧化铝微粉5～8份、蓝晶石4～6份、烧结剂2～7份、结合剂10～15份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的大高炉单铁口出铁炮泥，其特征在于：以重量份数计，所述结合剂基本组成为：水玻璃1～4份、硅溶胶8～12份、羧甲基纤维素8～12份、含碳树脂4～7份、二氧化钛/蒙脱土复合材料2～10份。
3.根据权利要求2所述的大高炉单铁口出铁炮泥，其特征在于：所述硅溶胶的固含量为25～40。
4.根据权利要求2所述的大高炉单铁口出铁炮泥，其特征在于：所述含碳树脂的碳含量≥80wt%，软化点≥200℃。
5.根据权利要求1所述的大高炉单铁口出铁炮泥，其特征在于：所述烧结剂包括重量比为0.6～1.2：2～5的硼砂和云母。
6.根据权利要求1所述的大高炉单铁口出铁炮泥，其特征在于：所述粘土选自广西白泥、高岭土、蒙脱土中的任意一种。
7.根据权利要求1所述的大高炉单铁口出铁炮泥，其特征在于：所述复合碳素材料包括重量比为70～80：1～2:2～3的焦炭、碳黑和沥青。
8.根据权利要求7所述的大高炉单铁口出铁炮泥，其特征在于：所述炭黑为亲水型纳米白炭黑，其比表面积为180～220m2/g，SiO2含量≥99wt%。
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