CN114423961A - 用于机动车的具有驻车制动执行器的机电的盘式制动器 - Google Patents
用于机动车的具有驻车制动执行器的机电的盘式制动器 Download PDFInfo
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- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
- B60T13/00—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems
- B60T13/74—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with electrical assistance or drive
- B60T13/741—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with electrical assistance or drive acting on an ultimate actuator
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- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
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- B60T13/00—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems
- B60T13/74—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with electrical assistance or drive
- B60T13/746—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with electrical assistance or drive and mechanical transmission of the braking action
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- F16D65/00—Parts or details
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
- B60T1/00—Arrangements of braking elements, i.e. of those parts where braking effect occurs specially for vehicles
- B60T1/02—Arrangements of braking elements, i.e. of those parts where braking effect occurs specially for vehicles acting by retarding wheels
- B60T1/06—Arrangements of braking elements, i.e. of those parts where braking effect occurs specially for vehicles acting by retarding wheels acting otherwise than on tread, e.g. employing rim, drum, disc, or transmission or on double wheels
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- F16D55/224—Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with axially-movable discs or pads pressed against axially-located rotating members by clamping an axially-located rotating disc between movable braking members, e.g. movable brake discs or brake pads with a common actuating member for the braking members
- F16D55/225—Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with axially-movable discs or pads pressed against axially-located rotating members by clamping an axially-located rotating disc between movable braking members, e.g. movable brake discs or brake pads with a common actuating member for the braking members the braking members being brake pads
- F16D55/226—Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with axially-movable discs or pads pressed against axially-located rotating members by clamping an axially-located rotating disc between movable braking members, e.g. movable brake discs or brake pads with a common actuating member for the braking members the braking members being brake pads in which the common actuating member is moved axially, e.g. floating caliper disc brakes
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- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D65/00—Parts or details
- F16D65/14—Actuating mechanisms for brakes; Means for initiating operation at a predetermined position
- F16D65/16—Actuating mechanisms for brakes; Means for initiating operation at a predetermined position arranged in or on the brake
- F16D65/18—Actuating mechanisms for brakes; Means for initiating operation at a predetermined position arranged in or on the brake adapted for drawing members together, e.g. for disc brakes
- F16D65/183—Actuating mechanisms for brakes; Means for initiating operation at a predetermined position arranged in or on the brake adapted for drawing members together, e.g. for disc brakes with force-transmitting members arranged side by side acting on a spot type force-applying member
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
- H02K7/06—Means for converting reciprocating motion into rotary motion or vice versa
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
- H02K7/10—Structural association with clutches, brakes, gears, pulleys or mechanical starters
- H02K7/12—Structural association with clutches, brakes, gears, pulleys or mechanical starters with auxiliary limited movement of stators, rotors or core parts, e.g. rotors axially movable for the purpose of clutching or braking
- H02K7/125—Structural association with clutches, brakes, gears, pulleys or mechanical starters with auxiliary limited movement of stators, rotors or core parts, e.g. rotors axially movable for the purpose of clutching or braking magnetically influenced
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D2125/00—Components of actuators
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- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D2125/00—Components of actuators
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- F16D2125/20—Mechanical mechanisms converting rotation to linear movement or vice versa
- F16D2125/22—Mechanical mechanisms converting rotation to linear movement or vice versa acting transversely to the axis of rotation
- F16D2125/28—Cams; Levers with cams
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D2125/00—Components of actuators
- F16D2125/18—Mechanical mechanisms
- F16D2125/58—Mechanical mechanisms transmitting linear movement
- F16D2125/70—Rods
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- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D2127/00—Auxiliary mechanisms
- F16D2127/06—Locking mechanisms, e.g. acting on actuators, on release mechanisms or on force transmission mechanisms
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
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- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
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Abstract
本发明涉及用于机动车的具有机电执行器(20)和驻车制动执行器的机电的盘式制动器(1),机电执行器包括电动马达(2)和传动装置(5)用于制动衬片(25、25a)的进给。驻车制动执行器用于避免车辆从静止状态开始移行。在传统的盘式制动器中,大多装备有配属给盘式制动器的具有以机械方式执行的驻车制动功能的制动缸。在此期间不能应用在传统的盘式制动器中所使用的驻车制动功能原理。本发明的任务是,提供一种具有驻车制动执行器的机电的盘式制动器,其是廉价的并且具有很少的结构空间需求。该任务通过如下方式解决,即,机电的盘式制动器具有构造为电磁线性驱动器(6)的用于锁止电动马达(2)的驻车制动执行器。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及用于机动车的具有驻车制动执行器的机电的盘式制动器。驻车制动执行器用于避免车辆从静止状态开始移行。在传统的盘式制动器中,大多装备有配属给盘式制动器的具有以机械方式执行驻车制动功能的制动缸。在传统的盘式制动器中所使用的驻车制动功能原理不能应用在机电的盘式制动器中。
背景技术
已知用于在以机电方式执行的盘式制动器中提供驻车制动功能的解决方案。因此,DE102008009161A1解决了具有复杂且昂贵的冗余的机械驻车制动执行器的问题。
EP2650557A1利用曲线盘上的卡锁凸鼻提出了另一解决方案。该执行原理与借助曲线盘来执行盘式制动器相关联,并且不能用于其他的调节机构。卡锁凸鼻方位固定地布置并且是压紧机构的一部分。为了不干扰制动运动学的实际的功能,卡锁凸鼻安置在最大的压紧的点中。卡锁凸鼻的布置导致,驻车制动器不可避免地以最大可能的压紧力被操纵。经常地而且不是驻车所需地施加高的压紧力会不必要地使制动器和制动蹄受到负载并且缩短其使用寿命。
DE10138494A1公开了一种解决方案,其中,将与螺旋传动装置连接的转子盘或马达轴阻锁。这种所谓的固定设备是一种双稳态的磁制动器。由于与传动装置的直接连接,使得有更大的力作用到锁止栓上,并且固定设备作为附加的构件没有被整合在机电的制动执行器中。
在DE10206786A1中也没有给出将功能整合到机电制动执行器的壳体中的方案。操纵装置在此是通过凸缘连接的。
而在EP2907709A1中,将制动执行器的传动装置锁止。由此,更大的力作用到锁止栓上。此外,锁止设备在此也是附加地与盘式制动器通过凸缘连接的构件。
EP1686029A1同样描述了电动马达的转子经由制动衬片被锁止或制动用以实现驻车制动执行器。然而,为了锁止使用到由电动马达驱动的栓。
发明内容
本发明的任务是提供具有驻车制动执行器的机电的盘式制动器,其是廉价的,并且具有很少的结构空间需求。
该任务通过如下方式解决,即,机电的盘式制动器具有构造为电磁线性驱动器的驻车制动执行器,并且其中,电动马达能利用机电线性驱动器锁止。本发明使用机电的盘式制动器的主执行支路,并且利用线性驱动器对其进行扩展。可以将用于经由两个制动衬片压紧制动盘的电动马达和执行器理解为主执行支路。在借助电动马达的调节过程调整任意的制动力之后,电动马达被锁止在调整出的定位中。机电的盘式制动器保持所调整出的制动力,而不输送附加的、将电动马达保持在调整出的定位中的保持能量。这意味着,机电的盘式制动器仅通过电动马达与线性驱动器之间的由锁止装置引入的形状锁合的连接部来保持。
在有利的设计方案中,线性驱动器具有挺杆,并且电动马达的转子具有卡槽。为了建立形状锁合的连接,在电动马达被锁止期间,挺杆嵌入转子的卡槽中。卡槽有利地沿转子的周边以均匀的间距布置在转子上。转子的卡槽越多,那么就提供更多的定位来锁止电动马达。
在另一实施方案中,线性驱动器构造为举升磁体。举升磁体是电磁执行器,其借助电产生的磁场对挺杆(其也被称为沉入式衔铁)施加力,从而使挺杆能在两个方向上线性运动。经由围绕挺杆支承的线圈产生电磁场。根据极性、即正极性或负极性,挺杆保持在起始定位中,或挺杆形状锁合地沉入到转子的卡槽中,并且将电动马达锁止在调整出的定位中。将挺杆的以下定位定义为起始定位,在该定位中,挺杆没有沉入在转子的卡槽中。因此,转子可以完全转动。
此外,在另一实施方案中,线性驱动器朝卡槽的方向径向地布置在机电的盘式制动器的电动马达壳体中。因此,线性驱动器整合在机电的盘式制动器中。更准确地说,线性驱动器轴向地布置在机电的盘式制动器的控制器与机电的盘式制动器的曲线盘之间,并且在转子的方向上径向布置。
在另一实施方案中,电动马达构造为外动子,其中,卡槽在径向方向上形状锁合地布置在转子上。电动马达具有定子和转子。该电动马达被称为外动子,其中,定子(即静止部分)位于电动马达内部中,而转子(即运动部分)包围定子。与电动马达的内动子的传统的结构形式相比,外动子的周侧面是可直接触及到的,并且大多不实现电磁功能。
此外,在另一设计方案中,为了对线性驱动器进行电驱控,线性驱动器经由电缆连接件与马达控制器连接。马达控制器被构造成用于驱控电动马达,并且有利地布置在电动马达内部。尤其地,马达控制器朝曲线盘的方向轴向地布置在线性驱动器之后,从而使得短的电缆连接件就足以用于线性驱动器的电连接。此外,随着马达控制器的使用就不需要附加的用于控制线性驱动器的控制器,由此实现了机电的盘式制动器的成本减少。
在替选的设计方案中,线性驱动器有利地相对于电动马达轴线以轴线平行的方式、朝卡槽的方向布置在机电的盘式制动器的电动马达壳体中。在替选的实施方式中,线性驱动器直接在电动马达中埋入在控制器与转子之间。车辆中的因整合线性驱动器而附加的结构空间可以用于其他方面。此外,也更好地保护了线性驱动器,这是因为线性驱动器没有布置在电动马达上,而是布置在电动马达内。
在线性驱动器的替选的实施方案中,电动马达也在另一构造方案中被构造为外动子。卡槽在轴线平行的方向上形状锁合地布置在转子上。该功能方式与第一实施方式中相同,其中,线性驱动器径向嵌入转子的卡槽中。
在另一替选的实施方式中,线性驱动器直接与马达控制器连接。取消附加的外部的电缆连接件、即布置在电动马达壳体外部的电缆连接件。消除了由于电动马达壳体外部的影响而导致的不期望的电缆断裂。
在另一实施方案中,用于替选的线性驱动器的马达控制器具有基板,其中,基板至少区段式地是电动马达壳体的部分。一方面,基板确保马达控制器的严密的封闭,另一方面,马达控制器的基板整合了作为锁止设备的构造为线性驱动器的举升磁体。线性驱动器的整合尤其通过如下方式实现,即,在制造中,从马达侧(即从电动马达通过凸缘连接在曲线盘的侧)插入举升磁体的线圈。
在另一有利的设计方案中,替选的线性驱动器的基板具有用于穿过联接线路的孔。这些孔还填充有热塑性的填充物用以密封孔的自由空间。孔的没有被连接线路填充的空间可被视为自由空间。
为了使替选的线性驱动器牢固地固定在电动马达壳体中,在另一实施方案中,利用热塑性的填充物浇注孔眼和电动马达的至少部分布置在马达控制器中的线圈。
在最后的实施方案中,机电的盘式制动器的传动装置具有曲线盘,用以将电动马达的旋转运动转换成平移运动。附加地,机电的盘式制动器构造为滑动卡钳盘式制动器。通过将曲线盘整合到机电的盘式制动器中而取消了制动缸,或者换句话说,曲线盘和电动马达以及传动装置代替制动缸。装备有曲线盘的机电滑动卡钳盘式制动器的紧凑的结构方式能够实现车辆技术中的新的应用领域。
附图说明
接下来根据附图阐述本发明的所选的实施例。其中:
图1以原理图示出了根据现有技术已知的具有机电执行器的机电的盘式制动器;
图2示出具有根据第一实施方式的构造和整合为线性驱动器的驻车制动执行器的根据图1的机电执行器的截面侧视图;
图3示出具有根据第二实施方式的构造和整合为线性驱动器的驻车制动执行器的根据图1的机电执行器的截面侧视图。
具体实施方式
图1示出了机电的盘式制动器1。盘式制动器1构造为滑动卡钳盘式制动器。卡钳21经由两个滑动轴承22、22a轴向可滑动地支承在制动器载体23上。机电执行器20借助轮辋侧的制动衬片25和压紧侧的制动衬片25a压紧制动盘32。
图2中详细示出了用于根据图1的机电的盘式制动器1的具有在第一实施方式中的驻车制动执行器的机电执行器20。机电执行器20在轴向上沿电动马达轴线AEM具有电动马达2。电动马达2轴向上经由轴26与曲线盘18连接。曲线盘18从电动马达轴线AEM开始径向布置在机电执行器20中。与电动马达2作用连接的曲线盘18被设计成用于,将驱动转矩、即电动马达2围绕电动马达轴线AEM的旋转运动转换成平移运动、即线性运动,以用于操纵制动挺杆27。制动挺杆27用于操纵未示出的转动杠杆,用以压紧制动盘32。此外,电动马达2包括在轴向上沿电动马达轴线AEM布置的传动装置5,用以施加期望的驱动转矩。在传动装置5的径向上方,在电动马达壳体15中布置有用于调节执行器20的马达控制器13。因此,马达控制器13节省空间地整合在电动马达2中。在轴向上,在传动装置5与曲线盘18之间,在电动马达2中布置有设有卡槽10的转子3。在机电执行器20的调节运动期间,转子3围绕电动马达轴线AEM旋转。卡槽10沿转子3的周侧面30以均匀的间距布置。转子3包围电动马达2的电磁定子29(下文被称为定子29)。与定子29相反,转子3大多不承担任何电磁功能,由此,卡槽10直接布置在转子3的周侧面30上。为了挂入驻车锁,径向地在转子3上方在执行器20中布置有构造为驻车制动执行器的线性驱动器6。线性驱动器6构造为举升磁体6。为了电驱控举升磁体6,电缆连接件12与举升磁体6和马达控制器13连接。为了挂入驻车锁功能,转子3转动到使卡槽10和举升磁体6的挺杆7径向布置在一条线中的位置中,从而使得挺杆可以嵌入转子3上的卡槽10中,并且固定电动马达2以防围绕电动马达轴线AEM扭转。为了解除驻车锁功能,举升磁体6的磁场发生变化,从而挺杆7在径向上运动回起始定位中,即从卡槽10运动回起始定位。
图3示出了在替选的第二实施方案中的根据图1的机电制动执行器20。机电执行器20以侧向剖开的视图示出。在第二实施方案中,构造为驻车制动执行器6的线性驱动器6相对于电动马达轴线AEM轴线平行地布置在电动马达2中。在第二实施方案中,线性驱动器6也构造为举升磁体6。举升磁体6同时是电动马达壳体15的一部分,更准确地说,举升磁体6轴向地布置在马达控制器13与转子3之间。用于产生电磁场的线圈31包绕挺杆7。为了将举升磁体6接驳到马达控制器13上,经由孔16穿过马达控制器13的基板14地引导有联接线路19。孔16和线圈31利用热塑性的填充物17浇注,其中,线圈31同时由热塑性的填充物17固定。在第二实施方案中,用于嵌接挺杆7的卡槽10轴线平行地布置在转子3上。
附图标记列表
1 机电的盘式制动器
2 电动马达
3 转子
5 传动装置
6 驻车制动执行器、线性驱动器、举升磁体
7 挺杆
10 卡槽
12 电缆连接件
13 马达控制器
14 马达控制器13的基板
15 电动马达壳体
16 孔
17 热塑性的填充物
18 曲线盘
19 马达控制器13的联接线路
20 机电执行器
21 卡钳
22、22a 滑动轴承
23 制动器载体
25 轮辋侧的制动衬片
25a 压紧侧的制动衬片
26 轴
27 制动挺杆
29 定子
30 转子3的周侧面
31 线圈
AEM 电动马达轴线
Claims (13)
1.用于机动车的机电的盘式制动器(1),所述机电的盘式制动器具有机电执行器(20),所述机电执行器包括电动马达(2),所述电动马达具有电动马达壳体(15)和转子(3),其中,所述机电的盘式制动器(1)还具有传动装置(5)用以使制动衬片(25、25a)进给到所述机电的盘式制动器(1)的制动盘(32)上,并且所述传动装置(5)将所述电动马达(2)的旋转运动转换成平移运动,其特征在于,所述机电执行器(20)具有电磁线性驱动器(6),并且其中,能够利用所述机电线性驱动器(6)锁止所述电动马达(2)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的机电的盘式制动器(1),其特征在于,所述线性驱动器(6)具有挺杆(7),并且所述转子(3)具有卡槽(10),其中,为了锁止所述电动马达(2),所述挺杆(7)被构造成用于嵌入所述转子(3)的卡槽(10)中。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的机电的盘式制动器(1),其特征在于,所述线性驱动器(6)被构造为举升磁体。
4.根据权利要求2至3中任一项所述的机电的盘式制动器(1),其特征在于,所述线性驱动器(6)朝所述卡槽(10)的方向径向地布置在所述机电的盘式制动器(1)的电动马达壳体(15)中。
5.根据权利要求2至4中任一项所述的机电的盘式制动器(1),其特征在于,所述电动马达(2)构造为外动子,并且所述卡槽(10)在径向方向上形状锁合地布置在所述转子(3)上。
6.根据权利要求2至3中任一项所述的机电的盘式制动器(1),其特征在于,所述线性驱动器(6)相对于电动马达轴线(AEM)轴线平行地、朝所述卡槽(10)的方向布置在所述机电的盘式制动器(1)的电动马达壳体(15)中。
7.根据权利要求6所述的机电的盘式制动器(1),其特征在于,所述电动马达(2)构造为外动子,并且所述卡槽(10)在轴线平行的方向上形状锁合地布置在所述转子(3)上。
8.根据权利要求6或7所述的机电的盘式制动器(1),其特征在于,为了电驱控所述线性驱动器(6),所述线性驱动器(6)直接与马达控制器(13)连接。
9.根据权利要求6至8中任一项所述的机电的盘式制动器(1),其特征在于,所述马达控制器(13)具有基板(14),并且所述基板(14)至少区段式地是所述电动马达壳体(15)的部分。
10.根据权利要求9所述的机电的盘式制动器(1),其特征在于,所述基板(14)具有孔(16),并且所述孔(16)被构造成用于使联接线路(19)穿过,并且所述孔(16)具有热塑性的填充物(17)用以密封所述孔(16)。
11.根据权利要求10所述的机电的盘式制动器(1),其特征在于,所述线性驱动器(6)利用所述热塑性的填充物(17)固定在所述电动马达壳体(15)中。
12.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的机电的盘式制动器(1),其特征在于,所述传动装置(5)具有曲线盘(18)用以将所述电动马达(2)的旋转运动转换成平移运动,并且所述机电的盘式制动器(1)是滑动卡钳盘式制动器。
13.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的机电的盘式制动器(1),其特征在于,为了电驱控所述线性驱动器(6),所述线性驱动器(6)经由电缆连接件(12)与马达控制器(13)连接。
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PCT/EP2020/077905 WO2021073928A1 (de) | 2019-10-16 | 2020-10-06 | Elektromechanische scheibenbremse mit einem parkbremsaktuator für kraftfahrzeuge |
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WO2021110651A1 (en) * | 2019-12-05 | 2021-06-10 | Zf Cv Systems Europe Bv | Brake actuator, in particular electromechanical brake actuator of a commercial vehicle |
IT202100012452A1 (it) * | 2021-05-14 | 2022-11-14 | Luigi Scardigno | "dispositivo per impedire l'uso non autorizzato di un veicolo, idoneo a condizionare da remoto la pinza di un freno di stazionamento elettrico" |
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