CN114409328A - Slope greening method - Google Patents

Slope greening method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114409328A
CN114409328A CN202111605117.9A CN202111605117A CN114409328A CN 114409328 A CN114409328 A CN 114409328A CN 202111605117 A CN202111605117 A CN 202111605117A CN 114409328 A CN114409328 A CN 114409328A
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parts
slope
spraying
mass ratio
cellulose
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CN114409328B (en
Inventor
史喆考政
秦桂建
彭晓进
杨海曼
孙朝辉
李春平
孙莹莹
史安岭
国伟滨
赵新国
李格亮
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Weifang Qingxin Greening Engineering Co ltd
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Weifang Qingxin Greening Engineering Co ltd
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
    • C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
    • C04B28/04—Portland cements
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
    • A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
    • A01G24/15—Calcined rock, e.g. perlite, vermiculite or clay aggregates
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
    • A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
    • A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
    • A01G24/25—Dry fruit hulls or husks, e.g. chaff or coir
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A01G24/30—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing synthetic organic compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B26/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing only organic binders, e.g. polymer or resin concrete
    • C04B26/02—Macromolecular compounds
    • C04B26/28—Polysaccharides or derivatives thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
    • C04B28/001—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing unburned clay
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/00474—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
    • C04B2111/00758—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00 for agri-, sylvi- or piscicultural or cattle-breeding applications
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/20—Resistance against chemical, physical or biological attack
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2201/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
    • C04B2201/50—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for the mechanical strength
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
    • Y02A40/22—Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/40—Afforestation or reforestation

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Pit Excavations, Shoring, Fill Or Stabilisation Of Slopes (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a slope greening method, which comprises the steps of slope trimming, lapping operation, preparation and spray-seeding of a matrix, spraying of a green binding material, preparation and spray-seeding of a seed layer. The greening method has the advantages that the thickness of the matrix is small, the using amount is small, the local annual rainfall is 850-950mm, the slope of the soft rock slope is 1:0.5-0.6, and the thickness of the spray-seeding matrix is 55-60 mm; the combination ability of the substrate and the side slope is strong, the anti-rain wash ability is strong, the 30d anti-rain wash strength is 160mm/h, and the 180d anti-rain wash strength is 240 mm/h.

Description

Slope greening method
Technical Field
The invention relates to a slope greening method, and belongs to the technical field of slope greening.
Background
With the rapid development of economic construction in China, a large number of exposed slopes are generated by human activities such as large-area road building, quarrying and mining, urban construction and the like, the ecological environment of the area where the original natural mountain is located is seriously damaged, and the attractiveness is very influenced.
At present, various spray-seeding modes are main slope greening means in China, according to engineering experience, a slope with the slope larger than 1:1.0 is easy to run off spray-seeding matrix, the repair effect is poor, the matrix in an area with large annual rainfall is easy to wash, the matrix is easy to peel off and disintegrate, only pellet spray-seeding and vegetation concrete spray-seeding can obtain good effects on the slope larger than 1:1.0 and smaller than 1:0.5 at present, but the pellet spray-seeding needs to carry out a pelletization reaction, a spray-seeding matrix with a stable structure is formed, the process is complex, the technical requirements are strict, the vegetation concrete spray-seeding process is simple, the anti-runoff effect is good, the spray-seeding mode is mainly adopted at present, but the matrix has high hardness, is not beneficial to root system development of woody plants, and the main growth is mainly of herbaceous plants.
CN107963838A discloses an ecological spray anchor slope protection method, which comprises the steps of spraying pore concrete on the surface of a side slope, injecting alkaline improved nutrient soil into pores of the concrete after the strength of the concrete is improved, and finally spraying a greening surface layer consisting of cement-reinforced alkaline improved composite planting soil and seeds on the surface, so that shrubs can grow in a side slope matrix with a large gradient, but the spraying and the sowing are large in matrix consumption and thickness, the cost is increased, the process of injecting the improved nutrient soil into the pores after the concrete is cured is complex, the concrete consumption is large, the construction cannot be finished at one time, and the construction period is long.
To sum up, the existing vegetation concrete spray seeding technology has the following problems:
(1) when the spraying seeding construction is carried out on a side slope with large slope and large rainfall, the thickness of the sprayed seeding matrix is large, the dosage of the matrix is large, and the cost is high;
(2) when the spraying and sowing construction is carried out on a side slope with a large slope and large rainfall, the bonding capability of the cured matrix and the side slope is poor, and the side slope is not resistant to rain wash;
(3) when the spraying and sowing construction is carried out on a side slope with a large slope and large rainfall, the strength of the matrix after solidification is lower.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of overcoming the defects in the prior art, and provides a slope greening method by improving a matrix, using a green binder and spraying a seed layer, thereby realizing the following purposes:
(1) when the spraying seeding construction is carried out on a side slope with large slope and large rainfall, the thickness of the sprayed seeding matrix is small, the dosage of the matrix is small, and the cost is low;
(2) when the spraying and sowing construction is carried out on a side slope with a large slope and large rainfall, the bonding capability of the cured matrix and the side slope is strong, and the matrix is resistant to rain wash;
(3) when the spraying and sowing construction is carried out on a side slope with a large slope and large rainfall, the strength of the matrix after solidification is high.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for greening side slope includes trimming side slope, laying net, preparing matrix, spraying green adhesive, preparing seed layer and spraying seed layer.
The following is a further improvement of the above technical solution:
the slope is trimmed, and the height difference of the maximum concave-convex part of the slope is less than or equal to 11-13 cm;
in the lapping operation, the distance between the bottom layer wire netting and the side slope is 20-30 mm;
the bottom layer iron wire mesh is galvanized iron wire mesh, the mesh specification is 4-6cm, and the iron wire diameter is 1.5-2.5 mm.
Preparing and spray-seeding a substrate, spray-seeding the substrate on a slope surface, wherein the spray-seeding thickness is 55-60mm, and covering and adhering a middle-layer wire mesh on the surface of the substrate after spray-seeding and fixing;
the middle layer iron wire mesh is a galvanized iron wire mesh, the mesh specification is 8-12cm by 8-12cm, and the iron wire diameter is 0.8-1.2 mm.
The matrix comprises the following components in parts by mass: 3.5-4.5 parts of silicate cement clinker, 45-55 parts of soil, 8-12 parts of broken stone, 2.8-3.2 parts of modified cellulose, 2.8-3.2 parts of crushed plant fiber, 1.8-2.2 parts of fly ash, 1.8-2.2 parts of modified phosphogypsum, 0.8-1.2 parts of compound fertilizer and 16-24 parts of water.
The preparation method of the modified phosphogypsum comprises the steps of dispersing phosphogypsum in deionized water, adding silicon powder and 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, stirring for 100-50 ℃ for 150min, and drying to obtain the modified phosphogypsum;
the mass ratio of the phosphogypsum to the deionized water is 1: 12-17;
the mass ratio of the silicon powder to the phosphogypsum is 2: 4-6;
the mass ratio of the 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane to the phosphogypsum is 1: 15-25;
dispersing cellulose in deionized water, adding cement clinker, stirring for 25-35min, adding hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, stirring for 25-35min, adding epoxy chloropropane, stirring for 400min at 20-30 ℃, filtering, drying and crushing to 60-100 meshes to obtain modified cellulose;
the mass ratio of the cellulose to the water is 1: 80-120;
the mass ratio of the cement clinker to the cellulose is 8-12: 1;
the mass ratio of the hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose to the cellulose is 1: 12-17;
the mass ratio of the epichlorohydrin to the cellulose is 1: 180-220.
Spraying a green adhesive, covering the middle layer of wire gauze for 50-70min, uniformly spraying 350g of coco coir husk per square meter of matrix, and then crossly spraying the adhesive to the coco coir, wherein the spraying width of the adhesive is 30-40mm, the thickness of the adhesive is 1-2mm, the adhesive is distributed in a net shape, and the mesh specification is 60-70mm x 60-70 mm;
the green binding material comprises the following components in parts by mass: 8-12 parts of kaolin, 0.8-1.2 parts of borax, 2.5-3.5 parts of starch, 2.5-3.5 parts of gelatin, 0.8-1.2 parts of glycerol and 12-18 parts of water.
The seed layer is prepared and sprayed, after green binder is sprayed, the seed layer is sprayed on the substrate, the spraying thickness is 14-16mm, and the surface of the seed layer after spraying is covered with non-woven fabric;
the seed layer comprises the following components in parts by mass: 18-22 parts of soil, 1.8-2.2 parts of mixed seeds, 2.5-3.5 parts of crushed plant fibers, 1.8-2.2 parts of fly ash, 0.8-1.2 parts of modified pottery clay and 10-14 parts of water;
and (5) carrying out conventional watering maintenance after the seed layer is sprayed, wherein the maintenance time is 50-70 days.
The preparation method of the modified pottery clay comprises the steps of dissolving sodium silicate in deionized water, adding polyvinyl alcohol, stirring for 25-35min, putting 80-120 mesh pottery clay, stirring for 180min, drying at 45-55 ℃, and grinding to 150 mesh pottery clay with 100 meshes to obtain the modified pottery clay;
the mass ratio of the sodium silicate to the deionized water is 1: 20-30;
the mass ratio of the polyvinyl alcohol to the sodium silicate is 1: 0.8-1.2;
the mass ratio of the argil to the sodium silicate is 4-6: 1.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the greening method has the advantages that the thickness of the matrix is small, the using amount is small, the local annual rainfall is 850-950mm, the slope of the soft rock slope is 1:0.5-0.6, and the thickness of the spray-seeding matrix is 55-60 mm;
the greening method has simple construction and good greening effect, 7-8 days of herbaceous plants germinate after the construction of the large-slope large-rainfall side slope is finished, 15-17 days of shrubs germinate, the coverage rate of 30 days of herbaceous plants is 81-83%, and the density of the shrubs is 520-550 plants/100 m after 180 days2；
The greening method has the advantages that the matrix strength is high, the large-gradient large-rainfall side slope matrix can be cured within 48-50 hours, the strength after curing is 0.42-0.45Mpa, and the 3d strength is 3.6-3.7 Mpa;
according to the greening method, the combination capacity of the matrix and the large-gradient and large-rainfall slope is strong, the rain erosion resistance is strong, the 30d rain erosion resistance strength is 160mm/h, and the 180d rain erosion resistance strength is 240 mm/h.
Detailed Description
Example 1
(1) Slope finishing
Removing dangerous stones, pumice stones, floating roots of plants, weeds and garbage on the side slope, flattening the slope surface of the side slope as much as possible, filling soil in the sunken part, ensuring that the height difference of the maximum concave-convex part of the slope surface is less than or equal to 12cm, and arranging a drainage ditch.
The side slope is a soft rock side slope with the gradient of 1:0.5, and the local annual rainfall is 900 mm.
(2) Lapping operation
Arranging a bottom layer wire mesh on the cleaned side slope, arranging a U-shaped steel bar anchor nail at an interval of 1m from top to bottom, left to right, and nailing into the soil of the side slope to fix the bottom layer wire mesh, and fixing the bottom of the anchor nail by using concrete peaks to ensure that the interval between the bottom layer wire mesh and the side slope is 25 mm;
the bottom layer iron wire mesh is a galvanized iron wire mesh, the mesh specification is 5cm by 5cm, and the iron wire diameter is 2 mm.
(3) Preparing and spraying matrix
Spraying the substrate on the slope, wherein the spraying thickness is 60mm, covering a layer of middle layer wire netting on the surface of the substrate after spraying, pressing the middle layer wire netting until the middle layer wire netting is attached to the substrate, and arranging a U-shaped steel bar anchor nail at an interval of 2m from top to bottom, left to right and nailing the U-shaped steel bar anchor nail into the substrate to fix the middle layer wire netting;
the middle layer iron wire mesh is a galvanized iron wire mesh, the mesh specification is 10 x 10cm, and the diameter of the iron wire is 1 mm.
The matrix comprises the following components in parts by mass: 4 parts of silicate cement clinker, 50 parts of soil, 10 parts of broken stone, 3 parts of modified cellulose, 3 parts of broken plant fiber, 2 parts of fly ash, 2 parts of modified phosphogypsum, 1 part of compound fertilizer and 20 parts of water;
the preparation method of the matrix comprises the steps of uniformly mixing portland cement clinker, broken stone, modified cellulose, fly ash and modified phosphogypsum, adding soil, broken plant fiber, compound fertilizer and water, and uniformly mixing to obtain the matrix;
the preparation method of the modified phosphogypsum comprises the steps of dispersing phosphogypsum in deionized water, adding silicon powder and 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, stirring for 120min at 45 ℃, and drying to obtain the modified phosphogypsum;
the mass ratio of the phosphogypsum to the deionized water is 1: 15;
the mass ratio of the silicon powder to the phosphogypsum is 2: 5;
the mass ratio of the 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane to the phosphogypsum is 1: 20;
dispersing cellulose in deionized water, adding cement clinker, stirring for 30min, adding hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, stirring for 30min, adding epoxy chloropropane, stirring for 360min at 25 ℃, filtering, drying and crushing to 80 meshes to obtain modified cellulose;
the mass ratio of the cellulose to the water is 1: 100;
the mass ratio of the cement clinker to the cellulose is 10: 1;
the mass ratio of the hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose to the cellulose is 1: 15;
the mass ratio of the epichlorohydrin to the cellulose is 1: 200.
(4) Spraying green binder
After the matrix is sprayed and covered with the wire netting for 60min, firstly spraying a layer of coconut chaff to the matrix, wherein the spraying amount is 300g per square meter, then spraying a binding material with a certain width to the coconut chaff to enable the coconut chaff to be in a strip shape, and spraying the binding material in a cross mode to enable the strip-shaped binding material to be in a net-shaped distribution, wherein the width of the strip-shaped binding material is 35mm, the thickness of the strip-shaped binding material is 1.5mm, and the mesh specification formed by the net-shaped distribution of the binding material is 65 x 65 mm;
the green binding material comprises the following components in parts by mass: 10 parts of kaolin, 1 part of borax, 3 parts of starch, 3 parts of gelatin, 1 part of glycerol and 15 parts of water;
the preparation method of the green binding material comprises the step of uniformly mixing kaolin, borax, starch, gelatin, glycerol and water to obtain the green binding material.
(5) Preparing and spraying seed layer
Spraying the adhesive, immediately spraying the seed layer on the substrate, wherein the spraying thickness is 15mm, and covering a layer of non-woven fabric on the surface of the seed layer after spraying, and adhering the non-woven fabric to the seed layer;
the seed layer comprises the following components in parts by mass: 20 parts of soil, 2 parts of mixed seeds, 3 parts of crushed plant fibers, 2 parts of fly ash, 1 part of modified pottery clay and 12 parts of water;
the mixed seed comprises the following components in parts by mass: 4 parts of evergreen shrub seeds, 5 parts of perennial herb seeds and 1 part of annual herb seeds;
the seed layer preparation method comprises the steps of soaking the mixed seeds, mixing the soaked mixed seeds with soil and crushed plant fibers, adding modified argil, fly ash and water, and uniformly mixing to obtain the seed layer;
the preparation method of the modified argil comprises the steps of dissolving sodium silicate in deionized water, adding polyvinyl alcohol, stirring for 30min, putting 100-mesh argil, stirring for 150min, drying at 50 ℃ and grinding to 120-mesh argil to obtain the modified argil;
the mass ratio of the sodium silicate to the deionized water is 1: 25;
the mass ratio of the polyvinyl alcohol to the sodium silicate is 1: 1;
the mass ratio of the argil to the sodium silicate is 5: 1;
and (5) carrying out conventional watering maintenance after the seed layer is sprayed, wherein the maintenance time is 60 days.
The greening method of the embodiment 1 has the advantages that the thickness of the matrix is small, the using amount is small, the rainfall in local year is 900mm, the slope of the soft rock slope is 1:0.5, and the thickness of the spray-seeding matrix is 60 mm;
the greening method of the embodiment 1 is simple in construction and good in greening effect, 7 days of herbaceous plants germinate after the construction of the large-slope and large-rainfall side slope is finished, 15 days of shrub germinate, 30 days of herbaceous coverage rate is 83%, and 180 days of herbaceous plants germinateThe density of shrubs is 550 plants/100 m2；
The greening method of the embodiment 1 has high substrate strength, the large-gradient large-rainfall slope substrate can be solidified for 48 hours, the strength after solidification is 0.45Mpa, and the 3d strength is 3.7 Mpa;
the greening method of example 1 has strong binding capacity of the matrix and the large-slope and large-rainfall slope, strong rain erosion resistance, the 30d rain erosion resistance strength of 160mm/h, and the 180d rain erosion resistance strength of 240 mm/h.
Example 2
(1) Slope finishing
Removing dangerous stones, pumice stones, floating roots of plants, weeds and garbage on the side slope, flattening the slope surface of the side slope as much as possible, filling soil in the sunken part, ensuring that the height difference of the maximum concave-convex part of the slope surface is less than or equal to 11cm, and arranging a drainage ditch.
The side slope is a soft rock side slope with the gradient of 1:0.55, and the local annual rainfall is 850 mm.
(2) Lapping operation
Arranging a bottom layer wire mesh on the cleaned side slope, arranging a U-shaped steel bar anchor nail at an interval of 0.8m from top to bottom, left to right, and nailing the anchor nail into the soil of the side slope to fix the bottom layer wire mesh, and fixing the bottom of the anchor nail by using concrete peaks to ensure that the interval between the bottom layer wire mesh and the side slope is 20 mm;
the bottom layer iron wire net is a galvanized iron wire net, the mesh specification is 4 x 4cm, and the iron wire diameter is 1.5 mm.
(3) Preparing and spraying matrix
Spraying the substrate on the slope, wherein the spraying thickness is 55mm, covering a layer of middle wire netting on the surface of the substrate after spraying, pressing the middle wire netting until the middle wire netting is attached to the substrate, and arranging a U-shaped steel bar anchor nail at an interval of 2.5m from top to bottom and from left to right to fix the middle wire netting;
the middle layer iron wire mesh is a galvanized iron wire mesh, the mesh specification is 8 x 8cm, and the iron wire diameter is 0.8 mm.
The matrix comprises the following components in parts by mass: 3.5 parts of portland cement clinker, 45 parts of soil, 8 parts of broken stone, 2.8 parts of modified cellulose, 2.8 parts of broken plant fiber, 1.8 parts of fly ash, 1.8 parts of modified phosphogypsum, 0.8 part of composite fertilizer and 16 parts of water;
the preparation method of the matrix comprises the steps of uniformly mixing portland cement clinker, broken stone, modified cellulose, fly ash and modified phosphogypsum, adding soil, broken plant fiber, compound fertilizer and water, and uniformly mixing to obtain the matrix;
the preparation method of the modified phosphogypsum comprises the steps of dispersing phosphogypsum in deionized water, adding silicon powder and 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, stirring for 150min at 40 ℃, and drying to obtain the modified phosphogypsum;
the mass ratio of the phosphogypsum to the deionized water is 1: 12;
the mass ratio of the silicon powder to the phosphogypsum is 2: 4;
the mass ratio of the 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane to the phosphogypsum is 1: 15;
dispersing cellulose in deionized water, adding cement clinker, stirring for 25min, adding hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, stirring for 25min, adding epoxy chloropropane, stirring for 400min at 20 ℃, filtering, drying and crushing to 60 meshes to obtain modified cellulose;
the mass ratio of the cellulose to the water is 1: 80;
the mass ratio of the cement clinker to the cellulose is 8: 1;
the mass ratio of the hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose to the cellulose is 1: 12;
the mass ratio of the epichlorohydrin to the cellulose is 1: 180.
(4) Spraying green binder
After the matrix is sprayed and covered with the wire netting for 50min, firstly spraying a layer of coconut chaff to the matrix, wherein the spraying amount is 250g per square meter, then spraying a binding material with a certain width to the coconut chaff to enable the coconut chaff to be in a strip shape, and spraying the binding material in a cross mode to enable the strip-shaped binding material to be in a net-shaped distribution, wherein the width of the strip-shaped binding material is 30mm, the thickness of the strip-shaped binding material is 2mm, and the mesh specification formed by the net-shaped distribution of the binding material is 70 x 70 mm;
the green binding material comprises the following components in parts by mass: 8 parts of kaolin, 0.8 part of borax, 2.5 parts of starch, 2.5 parts of gelatin, 0.8 part of glycerol and 12 parts of water;
the preparation method of the green binding material comprises the step of uniformly mixing kaolin, borax, starch, gelatin, glycerol and water to obtain the green binding material.
(5) Preparing and spraying seed layer
Spraying the adhesive material, immediately spraying the seed layer on the substrate, wherein the spraying thickness is 16mm, and covering a layer of non-woven fabric on the surface of the seed layer after spraying, wherein the non-woven fabric is in contact with the seed layer;
the seed layer comprises the following components in parts by mass: 18 parts of soil, 1.8 parts of mixed seeds, 2.5 parts of crushed plant fibers, 1.8 parts of fly ash, 0.8 part of modified pottery clay and 10 parts of water;
the mixed seed comprises the following components in parts by mass: 3.5 parts of evergreen shrub seeds, 4.5 parts of perennial herb seeds and 0.8 part of annual herb seeds;
the seed layer preparation method comprises the steps of soaking the mixed seeds, mixing the soaked mixed seeds with soil and crushed plant fibers, adding modified argil, fly ash and water, and uniformly mixing to obtain the seed layer;
the preparation method of the modified argil comprises the steps of dissolving sodium silicate in deionized water, adding polyvinyl alcohol, stirring for 25min, putting 80-mesh argil, stirring for 180min, drying at 45 ℃, and grinding to 100-mesh argil to obtain the modified argil;
the mass ratio of the sodium silicate to the deionized water is 1: 20;
the mass ratio of the polyvinyl alcohol to the sodium silicate is 1: 0.8;
the mass ratio of the argil to the sodium silicate is 4: 1;
and (5) carrying out conventional watering maintenance after the seed layer is sprayed, wherein the maintenance time is 50 days.
The greening method of the embodiment 2 has small substrate thickness and small using amount, the local annual rainfall is 850mm, the slope is a soft rock slope with the gradient of 1:0.55, and the thickness of the spray-seeding substrate is 55 mm;
the greening method of the embodiment 2 is simple in construction and good in greening effect, 8 days of herbaceous plants germinate and 16 days of shrubs germinate after the construction of the large-slope and large-rainfall side slope is finished, the coverage rate of 30 days of herbaceous plants is 82%, and the density of the shrubs is 520 plants/100 m in 180 days2；
The greening method of example 2, the substrate strength is high, the large-slope large-rainfall slope substrate can be cured for 50 hours, the strength after curing is 0.43Mpa, and the 3d strength is 3.6 Mpa;
in the greening method of example 2, the combination ability of the substrate and the large-slope and large-rainfall slope is strong, the rain erosion resistance is strong, the 30d rain erosion resistance strength is 150mm/h, and the 180d rain erosion resistance strength is 240 mm/h.
Example 3
(1) Slope finishing
Removing dangerous stones, pumice stones, floating roots of plants, weeds and garbage on the side slope, flattening the slope surface of the side slope as much as possible, filling soil in the sunken part, ensuring that the height difference of the maximum concave-convex part of the slope surface is less than or equal to 13cm, and arranging a drainage ditch.
The side slope is a soft rock side slope with the gradient of 1:0.6, and the local annual rainfall is 950 mm.
(2) Lapping operation
Arranging a bottom layer wire mesh on the cleaned side slope, arranging a U-shaped steel bar anchor nail at an interval of 1.2m from top to bottom, left to right, and nailing the anchor nail into the soil of the side slope to fix the bottom layer wire mesh, and fixing the bottom of the anchor nail by using concrete peaks to ensure that the distance between the bottom layer wire mesh and the side slope is 30 mm;
the bottom layer iron wire net is a galvanized iron wire net, the mesh specification is 6 x 6cm, and the iron wire diameter is 2.5 mm.
(3) Preparing and spraying matrix
Spraying the substrate on the slope, wherein the spraying thickness is 55mm, covering a layer of middle layer wire netting on the surface of the substrate after spraying, pressing the middle layer wire netting until the middle layer wire netting is attached to the substrate, and arranging a U-shaped steel bar anchor nail at an interval of 1.5m from top to bottom and from left to right to fix the middle layer wire netting;
the middle layer iron wire mesh is galvanized iron wire mesh, the mesh specification is 12 x 12cm, and the iron wire diameter is 1.2 mm.
The matrix comprises the following components in parts by mass: 4.5 parts of portland cement clinker, 55 parts of soil, 12 parts of broken stone, 3.2 parts of modified cellulose, 3.2 parts of crushed plant fiber, 2.2 parts of fly ash, 2.2 parts of modified phosphogypsum, 1.2 parts of compound fertilizer and 24 parts of water;
the preparation method of the matrix comprises the steps of uniformly mixing portland cement clinker, broken stone, modified cellulose, fly ash and modified phosphogypsum, adding soil, broken plant fiber, compound fertilizer and water, and uniformly mixing to obtain the matrix;
the preparation method of the modified phosphogypsum comprises the steps of dispersing phosphogypsum in deionized water, adding silicon powder and 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, stirring for 100min at 50 ℃, and drying to obtain the modified phosphogypsum;
the mass ratio of the phosphogypsum to the deionized water is 1: 17;
the mass ratio of the silicon powder to the phosphogypsum is 2: 6;
the mass ratio of the 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane to the phosphogypsum is 1: 25;
dispersing cellulose in deionized water, adding cement clinker, stirring for 35min, adding hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, stirring for 35min, adding epoxy chloropropane, stirring for 320min at 30 ℃, filtering, drying and crushing to 100 meshes to obtain modified cellulose;
the mass ratio of the cellulose to the water is 1: 120;
the mass ratio of the cement clinker to the cellulose is 12: 1;
the mass ratio of the hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose to the cellulose is 1: 17;
the mass ratio of the epichlorohydrin to the cellulose is 1: 220.
(4) Spraying green binder
After the matrix is sprayed and sowed and covered with the wire netting for 70min, firstly spraying a layer of coconut chaff to the matrix, wherein the spraying amount is 350g per square meter, then spraying a binding material with a certain width to the coconut chaff to enable the coconut chaff to be in a strip shape, and spraying the binding material in a cross mode to enable the strip-shaped binding material to be in a net shape distribution, wherein the width of the strip-shaped binding material is 40mm, the thickness of the strip-shaped binding material is 1mm, and the mesh specification formed by the net shape distribution of the binding material is 60 x 60 mm;
the green binding material comprises the following components in parts by mass: 12 parts of kaolin, 1.2 parts of borax, 3.5 parts of starch, 3.5 parts of gelatin, 1.2 parts of glycerol and 18 parts of water;
the preparation method of the green binding material comprises the step of uniformly mixing kaolin, borax, starch, gelatin, glycerol and water to obtain the green binding material.
(5) Preparing and spraying seed layer
Spraying a seed layer on the substrate immediately after the binder is sprayed, wherein the spraying thickness is 14mm, and covering a layer of non-woven fabric on the surface of the seed layer after spraying, wherein the non-woven fabric is in contact with the seed layer;
the seed layer comprises the following components in parts by mass: 22 parts of soil, 2.2 parts of mixed seeds, 3.5 parts of crushed plant fibers, 2.2 parts of fly ash, 1.2 parts of modified pottery clay and 14 parts of water;
the mixed seed comprises the following components in parts by mass: 4.5 parts of evergreen shrub seeds, 5.5 parts of perennial herb seeds and 1.5 parts of annual herb seeds;
the seed layer preparation method comprises the steps of soaking the mixed seeds, mixing the soaked mixed seeds with soil and crushed plant fibers, adding modified argil, fly ash and water, and uniformly mixing to obtain the seed layer;
the preparation method of the modified argil comprises the steps of dissolving sodium silicate in deionized water, adding polyvinyl alcohol, stirring for 35min, putting 120-mesh argil, stirring for 120min, drying at 55 ℃ and grinding to 150-mesh argil to obtain the modified argil;
the mass ratio of the sodium silicate to the deionized water is 1: 30;
the mass ratio of the polyvinyl alcohol to the sodium silicate is 1: 1.2;
the mass ratio of the argil to the sodium silicate is 6: 1;
and (5) carrying out conventional watering maintenance after the seed layer is sprayed, wherein the maintenance time is 70 days.
The greening method of the embodiment 3 has small substrate thickness and small using amount, the local annual rainfall is 950mm, the slope is a soft rock slope with the ratio of 1:0.6, and the thickness of the spray-seeding substrate is 55 mm;
the greening method of the embodiment 3 is simple in construction and good in greening effect, 7 days of herbaceous plants germinate after the construction of the large-slope and large-rainfall side slope is finished, 17 days of shrubs germinate, the coverage rate of 30 days of herbaceous plants is 81 percent, and the density of the shrubs in 180 days is 530 plants/100 m2；
The greening method of embodiment 3, the substrate strength is high, the large-slope large-rainfall slope substrate can be cured for 48 hours, the strength after curing is 0.42Mpa, and the 3d strength is 3.6 Mpa;
the greening method of example 3 has strong binding capacity of the substrate and the large-slope and large-rainfall slope, strong rain erosion resistance, 150mm/h of 30d rain erosion resistance strength and 230mm/h of 180d rain erosion resistance strength.

Claims (10)

1. A slope greening method is characterized by comprising the steps of slope trimming, lapping operation, preparation and spray seeding of a matrix, spraying of a green binding material, preparation and spray seeding of a seed layer.
2. The slope greening method according to claim 1, wherein:
and (4) trimming the side slope, wherein the height difference of the maximum concave-convex position of the trimmed slope surface is less than or equal to 11-13 cm.
3. The slope greening method according to claim 1, wherein:
in the lapping operation, the distance between the bottom layer wire netting and the side slope is 20-30 mm;
the bottom layer iron wire mesh is galvanized iron wire mesh, the mesh specification is 4-6cm, and the iron wire diameter is 1.5-2.5 mm.
4. The slope greening method according to claim 1, wherein:
preparing and spray-seeding a substrate, spray-seeding the substrate on a slope surface, wherein the spray-seeding thickness is 55-60mm, and covering and adhering a middle-layer wire mesh on the surface of the substrate after spray-seeding and fixing;
the middle layer iron wire mesh is a galvanized iron wire mesh, the mesh specification is 8-12cm by 8-12cm, and the iron wire diameter is 0.8-1.2 mm.
5. The slope greening method according to claim 4, wherein:
the matrix comprises the following components in parts by mass: 3.5-4.5 parts of silicate cement clinker, 45-55 parts of soil, 8-12 parts of broken stone, 2.8-3.2 parts of modified cellulose, 2.8-3.2 parts of crushed plant fiber, 1.8-2.2 parts of fly ash, 1.8-2.2 parts of modified phosphogypsum, 0.8-1.2 parts of compound fertilizer and 16-24 parts of water.
6. The slope greening method according to claim 5, wherein:
the preparation method of the modified phosphogypsum comprises the steps of dispersing phosphogypsum in deionized water, adding silicon powder and 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, stirring for 100-50 ℃ for 150min, and drying to obtain the modified phosphogypsum;
the mass ratio of the phosphogypsum to the deionized water is 1: 12-17;
the mass ratio of the silicon powder to the phosphogypsum is 2: 4-6;
the mass ratio of the 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane to the phosphogypsum is 1: 15-25.
7. The slope greening method according to claim 5, wherein:
dispersing cellulose in deionized water, adding cement clinker, stirring for 25-35min, adding hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, stirring for 25-35min, adding epoxy chloropropane, stirring for 400min at 20-30 ℃, filtering, drying and crushing to 60-100 meshes to obtain modified cellulose;
the mass ratio of the cellulose to the water is 1: 80-120;
the mass ratio of the cement clinker to the cellulose is 8-12: 1;
the mass ratio of the hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose to the cellulose is 1: 12-17;
the mass ratio of the epichlorohydrin to the cellulose is 1: 180-220.
8. The slope greening method according to claim 1, wherein:
spraying a green adhesive, covering the middle layer of wire gauze for 50-70min, uniformly spraying 350g of coco coir husk per square meter of matrix, and then crossly spraying the adhesive to the coco coir, wherein the spraying width of the adhesive is 30-40mm, the thickness of the adhesive is 1-2mm, the adhesive is distributed in a net shape, and the mesh specification is 60-70mm x 60-70 mm;
the green binding material comprises the following components in parts by mass: 8-12 parts of kaolin, 0.8-1.2 parts of borax, 2.5-3.5 parts of starch, 2.5-3.5 parts of gelatin, 0.8-1.2 parts of glycerol and 12-18 parts of water.
9. The slope greening method according to claim 1, wherein:
the seed layer is prepared and sprayed, after green binder is sprayed, the seed layer is sprayed on the substrate, the spraying thickness is 14-16mm, and the surface of the seed layer after spraying is covered with non-woven fabric;
the seed layer comprises the following components in parts by mass: 18-22 parts of soil, 1.8-2.2 parts of mixed seeds, 2.5-3.5 parts of crushed plant fibers, 1.8-2.2 parts of fly ash, 0.8-1.2 parts of modified pottery clay and 10-14 parts of water;
and (5) carrying out conventional watering maintenance after the seed layer is sprayed, wherein the maintenance time is 50-70 days.
10. A method for greening a side slope according to claim 9, wherein:
the preparation method of the modified pottery clay comprises the steps of dissolving sodium silicate in deionized water, adding polyvinyl alcohol, stirring for 25-35min, putting 80-120 mesh pottery clay, stirring for 180min, drying at 45-55 ℃, and grinding to 150 mesh pottery clay with 100 meshes to obtain the modified pottery clay;
the mass ratio of the sodium silicate to the deionized water is 1: 20-30;
the mass ratio of the polyvinyl alcohol to the sodium silicate is 1: 0.8-1.2;
the mass ratio of the argil to the sodium silicate is 4-6: 1.
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CN109534737A (en) * 2019-01-04 2019-03-29 杰瑞(莱州)矿山治理有限公司 A kind of administering method for improveing soil matrix and its Green Mine
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CN104782383A (en) * 2015-05-15 2015-07-22 黄石市园林花木有限责任公司 High and steep side slope ecological retrieved green spray-seeding base material and preparation method and application of base material
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