CN114391479B

CN114391479B - Dynamic fermentation process for ecological circulation of wood fiber, cow dung and cow urine

Info

Publication number: CN114391479B
Application number: CN202210137629.5A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 冯锡鸿; 冯汝龙
Original assignee: Ningxia Zhongqing Agriculture Science & Technology Co ltd
Current assignee: Ningxia Zhongqing Biotechnology Co ltd
Priority date: 2022-02-15
Filing date: 2022-02-15
Publication date: 2023-06-30
Anticipated expiration: 2042-02-15
Also published as: CN114391479A

Abstract

The invention discloses a dynamic fermentation process for ecological circulation of wood fiber, cow dung and cow urine, which comprises the following steps: collecting raw materials; producing wood fibers; the produced wood fiber is laid on a cow bed to be used as a bedding material; collecting wood fiber used on the bedridden cattle, and mixing with cow dung and cow urine for fermentation; collecting the incompletely mixed fermentation materials, stacking to enable the fermentation materials to continue fermentation or aging, and preparing a cultivation substrate suitable for horticultural crops; bagging or filling the culture medium into a culture tank or using the culture medium as a soilless culture medium to culture vegetable crops; recovering the culture medium after the vegetable crops complete a plurality of production cycles; mixing the recovered culture medium with cow dung and cow urine for the second time, and intensively fermenting; preparing a garden seedling substrate; and (5) carrying out garden seedling cultivation operation. The beneficial effects are that: the ecological cycle is realized, the material utilization rate is greatly improved, the environmental pollution is reduced, the production cost is reduced, the added value of the production process is improved, and the extremely high economic benefit is realized.

Description

Dynamic fermentation process for ecological circulation of wood fiber, cow dung and cow urine

Technical field:

the invention relates to the technical field of plant cultivation, in particular to a dynamic fermentation process for ecological circulation of wood fiber, cow dung and cow urine.

The background technology is as follows:

wood fibers are a mechanical structure composed of lignified thickened cell walls and fibrous cells having fine slit-like pits, and are one of the main components constituting the xylem. Wood fibers are commonly used in textile and clothing industries, and often, wood is crushed and steamed at high temperature to prepare wood pulp, sugar and lipid components in the wood pulp are removed, plant cellulose is finally extracted, and cellulose molecules of the plant cellulose are remolded to obtain textile raw materials. In addition, the prior art of using wood fibers as a greening spray is also seen. However, the application of the two wood fibers has certain requirements on raw materials for producing the wood fibers, and most of garden pruning and waste wood are not suitable for being used as raw materials; in addition, the existing high-temperature and high-pressure wood fiber production process consumes a large amount of steam, namely consumes a large amount of energy, and is not environment-friendly.

The culture medium originally originates from the concept of soilless culture, namely that the soil environment around crops is deteriorated, the yield and quality of the crops are seriously affected, substitutes are sought, the plant root system is fixed by a solid medium, and nutrient solution and oxygen are absorbed through the medium. In modern agricultural production, cultivation substrates are often used for seedling cultivation or soilless cultivation. However, the traditional cultivation substrate contains turf, and the turf is used as a main source of organic matters. Grass peat, which is a product of the development process of swamps, is also called "peat", and is formed in the fourth period of time, and is formed by the incomplete decomposition and accumulation of residues of swamps under the condition of suspensoid gas. Contains a large amount of water and plant residues, humus and a part of minerals which are not thoroughly decomposed. Turf is coal with the lowest coalification degree (the most original state of coal), is an organic substance and belongs to a rare resource; at present, the exploitation of turf has been prohibited in a number of countries, and therefore new technological methods need to be developed to use new substances to replace turf in order to provide organic substances to the cultivation substrate.

In the modern cattle raising process, a cattle bedridden is used, which refers to a place for providing rest for cattle, and the rest position of the cattle can be standardized. Is made according to the customization of various cattle body types and is made by stewing galvanized steel pipes. And (3) on-site concrete casting is fixed, and the cattle neck rail is matched with the cattle horizontal rail to standardize the position of the cattle on the horizontal rail. When the cattle rest, in order to prevent the cattle from catching a cold at night, the cattle lying in bed is required to be added with a filler, so that a heat preservation effect is provided for the cattle; the added filler is trampled by the cow and mixed with the cow waste, thus requiring periodic replacement.

The invention comprises the following steps:

the invention aims to provide a dynamic fermentation process for realizing the ecological cycle of wood fiber, cow dung and cow urine, wherein the wood fiber is used for realizing the large cycle of pruning waste of garden crops, cow cultivation, cultivation of garden crops and cultivation of garden crops, the utilization rate of materials is greatly improved, the environmental pollution is reduced, the production cost is reduced, and the added value of the production process is improved.

The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:

the invention relates to a dynamic fermentation process for ecological circulation of wood fiber, cow dung and cow urine, which comprises the following steps:

1. collecting raw materials, wherein the raw materials are solid wastes containing rich lignin, and the solid wastes comprise grape branches, garden trimming wastes and non-lumbered waste wood;

2. producing wood fiber at normal temperature and normal pressure;

3. paving the produced wood fiber on a cow bed to be used as a bed pad;

4. collecting wood fiber used on the cattle bedridden, and adding cattle urine into cattle manure and cattle urine collected by a scraper in a chain plate mode collecting system according to the volume of the wood fiber and the cattle manure by 1:1-3, continuously collecting two raw materials, adding the two raw materials according to a proportion, realizing dynamic heat generation and continuous fermentation, intensively stacking, standing and fermenting for 15-30 days to obtain a primary incompletely mixed fermentation material;

5. collecting the incompletely mixed fermentation materials, stacking to enable the fermentation materials to continue fermentation or aging to prepare a cultivation substrate main raw material applicable to horticultural crops, and then preparing a cultivation substrate by using the cultivation substrate main raw material;

6. bagging or filling the culture medium into a culture tank or using the culture medium as a soilless culture medium to culture vegetable crops;

7. recovering the culture medium after the vegetable crops complete a plurality of production cycles;

8. mixing the recovered culture medium with cow dung and cow urine for the second time, wherein the mixture comprises 30-70% of cow dung and cow urine and 30-70% of recovered culture medium, and the carbon nitrogen ratio of the recovered culture medium reaches 20-30:1 according to the content of residual root systems of horticultural crops in the medium;

9. concentrated fermentation is carried out until the second fermentation is completed;

10. preparing a garden seedling or cultivation substrate, adding 2% -5% of furfural residue, and adjusting the pH value of the substrate to be between 6.5 and 7.5;

11. and (5) carrying out garden seedling cultivation operation.

Preferably: the production of the wood fiber at normal temperature and normal pressure in the second step comprises the following steps:

cutting grape branches, garden trimming waste and waste timber which is not formed into strips, sheets or blocks;

the impurity is sent to grinding equipment after being winnowed and the iron piece is magnetically separated by a magnet;

the grinding device grinds into wood fibers.

Preferably: in the fourth step, the volume of the wood fiber and the cow dung added with the cow urine is 1:1-3, fermenting for 15-30 days to obtain a primary incompletely mixed fermented product, wherein the carbon nitrogen ratio is 20-30:1, the water content is 45-75%, and the fermentation temperature is 50-70 ℃; in the fifth step, the fermentation or aging process is continued for 1-3 months.

Preferably: in the fourth step, after the wood fiber is uniformly mixed with cow dung and cow urine, inoculating a fermentation inoculant; the dosage of the fermentation inoculant is one thousandth of the total weight of wood fiber, cow dung and cow urine.

Preferably: after the step four, before the step five is executed, if the volume of wood fibers in the primary incompletely mixed fermented product is lower than 15% of the total materials, the primary incompletely mixed fermented product is concentrated and fermented for 5-35 days, and 10% -15% of wood fibers, cow dung and cow urine are added in the fermentation process; if the volume of wood fibers in the primary incompletely mixed fermentation is higher than 15% of the total material, the fifth step is directly executed.

Preferably: in the fifth step, the operation of preparing the culture medium from the culture medium main raw material comprises the following steps:

mixing the main raw materials of the culture medium with peat, vermiculite or perlite according to the proportion of 25-45:10-25:10-25: mixing uniformly in a proportion of 10-25;

building the mixture into a trapezoid pile body, and then carrying out aerobic fermentation;

turning the stack after the temperature of the stack rises to 55 ℃;

turning the pile according to the frequency of 2-7 days for more than 8 times;

and (5) taking 40% of the turning materials for crushing, and uniformly mixing with the rest of the turning materials to obtain the cultivation substrate.

Preferably: the main raw materials of the culture medium and peat, vermiculite or perlite are mixed according to the proportion of 25-45:10-25:10-25: and after being uniformly mixed according to the proportion of 10-25, the vegetable is inoculated with antagonistic bacteria related to the vegetable diseases.

Preferably: in the step nine, concentrated fermentation is to put the mixture of cow dung, cow urine and the recovered culture medium into a fermentation field for more than 60 days.

Preferably: in the step nine, inoculating fermentation warming strains in the second fermentation process; the fermentation warming strain comprises bacterial powder containing VT bacteria, saccharomycetes or actinomycetes.

Preferably: the preparation of the garden seedling substrate in the step ten comprises the following steps:

mixing the fermentation product of the second concentration with peat, vermiculite and perlite according to the ratio of 25-50:10-25:10-25: mixing uniformly in a proportion of 10-25;

after the temperature of the stack is raised to 55 ℃, turning the stack for the first time;

turning the pile according to the frequency of each time of 5-7 days for more than 10 times;

and (5) taking 35% of the turning materials for crushing, and uniformly mixing with the rest of the turning materials to obtain the garden seedling or cultivation matrix.

The invention has the beneficial effects that: the method provides a concept of producing the wood fiber at low temperature and low pressure, creatively uses the wood fiber as the cattle bedridden filler, and mixes and ferments the cattle bedridden filler with the cattle discharge, thereby realizing ecological cycle of pruning waste of garden crops, cattle cultivation, cultivation of garden crops and cultivation of garden crops, greatly improving the utilization rate of materials, reducing environmental pollution, reducing production cost, improving the added value of the production process and realizing extremely high economic benefit.

The specific embodiment is as follows:

the invention is further described in connection with the following embodiments:

examples: a dynamic fermentation process for ecological cycle of wood fiber, cow dung and cow urine comprises the following steps:

the collected raw materials are waste materials serving as wastes in the prior art, so that the waste utilization is realized, the environmental pollution is reduced, and the material utilization rate is improved.

2. Producing wood fiber at normal temperature and normal pressure; the process for producing the wood fiber at normal temperature and normal pressure comprises the following steps: 1. cutting grape branches, garden trimming waste and waste timber which is not formed into strips, sheets or blocks; 2. the impurity is sent to grinding equipment after being winnowed and the iron piece is magnetically separated by a magnet; 3. the grinding device grinds into wood fibers.

The grinding equipment used for producing wood fibers at normal temperature and normal pressure is different from the wood fiber production equipment used in the prior art in that high-temperature and high-pressure steam is not connected, so that the produced wood fibers are low in bulk and cannot be directly used for agricultural production, but the consumption of steam is greatly reduced, namely the consumption of energy is greatly reduced, the environmental pollution is reduced, and the concepts of energy conservation, emission reduction and carbon neutralization and carbon standard reaching are met. In addition, if the wood fiber with high bulk produced by the process for producing the wood fiber at high temperature and high pressure in the prior art is used, the process requirement of the invention can be met.

3. Paving the produced wood fiber on a cow bed to be used as a bed pad; after being laid on the bedridden cattle, the wood fiber can provide heat preservation effect for the cattle, has clean materials and less germs, and can greatly reduce the probability of the cattle illness; and can absorb a part of cow urine, further promote the clean degree of cowshed.

4. Collecting wood fiber used on the cattle bedridden, and adding cattle urine into cattle manure and cattle urine collected by a scraper in a chain plate mode collecting system according to the volume of the wood fiber and the cattle manure by 1:2, continuously collecting the two raw materials and adding the two raw materials according to a proportion to realize dynamic heat generation continuous fermentation, intensively stacking, standing and fermenting for 20 days to obtain a primary incompletely mixed fermented product, wherein the carbon-nitrogen ratio is 25:1, the water content is 60%, and the temperature in the fermentation process is 65 ℃; after the wood fiber is uniformly mixed with the cow dung and the cow urine, the wood fiber is affected by temperature and climate, and if the fermentation effect is worry to be poor, a fermentation microbial agent (the fermentation microbial agent can be added or not) can be added, wherein the dosage of the fermentation microbial agent is one thousandth of the total weight of the wood fiber, the cow dung and the cow urine. Wherein: the chain plate mode collecting system is a scraper collecting system for collecting cow dung and cow urine in a centralized manner in a modern cow breeding process; in the traditional process, the collected cow dung and cow urine need to be temporarily stored in a pool to wait for centralized treatment. In addition, if the selected raw material in the step is a plant suitable for cattle, such as grape vine, the primary incompletely mixed fermentation product can be directly used as cattle feed.

Before the fifth step is executed, quantitative analysis of the primary incompletely mixed fermented product can be carried out, if the wood fiber body in the primary incompletely mixed fermented product is lower than 15% of the total materials, the primary incompletely mixed fermented product is concentrated and fermented for 12 days, and 12% of wood fiber, cow dung and cow urine are added in the fermentation process; if the volume of wood fibers in the primary incompletely mixed fermentation is higher than 15% of the total material, the fifth step is directly executed.

5. Collecting the incompletely mixed fermentation materials, stacking to continue fermentation or aging, wherein the fermentation or aging process lasts for 2 months, so that the cultivation substrate main raw material suitable for horticultural crops can be prepared, and then the cultivation substrate is prepared by using the cultivation substrate main raw material, and the process comprises the following steps: 1. mixing the main raw materials of the culture medium with peat, vermiculite and perlite according to a ratio of 30:15:20:20, uniformly mixing the materials in proportion; 2. building the mixture into a trapezoid pile body, and then carrying out aerobic fermentation; 3. turning the stack after the temperature of the stack rises to 55 ℃; turning the pile according to the frequency of once every 3 days for 12 times; 4. and (5) taking 40% of the turning materials for crushing, and uniformly mixing with the rest of the turning materials to obtain the cultivation substrate. The cultivation substrate produced in the step is very suitable for the growth of horticultural crops, so that the cultivation substrate is used for horticultural cultivation, and compared with the prior art, the design avoids the use of turf, solves the problem that turf is forbidden to use, protects rare resources, and does not affect the effect of horticultural cultivation at all.

In addition, after the main raw materials of the culture medium, peat, vermiculite and perlite are mixed uniformly in proportion, antagonistic bacteria related to the vegetable diseases can be inoculated (the antagonistic bacteria can also be not added).

7. recovering the culture medium after the vegetable crops complete a plurality of production cycles; the recovered culture medium has reduced fertility, but is mixed with plant root system as organic matter, which may be further fermented and decomposed into part of the medium in subsequent process.

8. Mixing the recovered culture medium with cow dung and cow urine for the second time, wherein the mixture comprises 35% of cow dung and cow urine and 65% of the recovered culture medium, and the carbon nitrogen ratio of the recovered culture medium reaches 25:1 according to the root system content of various crops in the medium;

9. concentrated fermentation is carried out until the second fermentation is completed, wherein the process specifically refers to that the mixture of cow dung, cow urine and the recovered culture medium is put into a fermentation field and concentrated fermentation is carried out for 60 days; in addition, fermentation warming strains (fermentation warming strains can be added or not) can be inoculated in the second fermentation process, and the fermentation warming strains comprise bacterial powder containing VT bacteria or saccharomycetes or actinomycetes.

10. The specific process for preparing the garden seedling substrate comprises the following steps: 1. mixing the fermentation product of the second concentration with peat and vermiculite or perlite according to the ratio of 30:15:20:20, uniformly mixing the materials in proportion; 2. building the mixture into a trapezoid pile body, and then carrying out aerobic fermentation; 3. after the temperature of the stack is raised to 55 ℃, turning the stack for the first time; 4. turning the pile according to the frequency of each time of 6 days for 12 times; 5. after 35% of the turning materials are crushed and uniformly mixed with the rest of the turning materials, the pH value is increased due to secondary fermentation and cultivation of multiple stubbles of the cultivation matrix, so that 2% -5% of furfural residue can be added when the cultivation matrix and the garden matrix are matched, the pH value of the matrix is ensured to be adjusted to be between 6.5 and 7.5, and the garden seedling or cultivation matrix is obtained.

11. Carrying out garden seedling raising operation; the method realizes the large circulation of pruning waste of garden crops, cattle cultivation, cultivation of garden crops and cultivation of garden crops, greatly improves the utilization rate of materials, reduces environmental pollution, reduces production cost and improves the added value of the production process.

Claims

1. A dynamic fermentation method for ecological circulation of wood fiber, cow dung and cow urine is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:

1. collecting raw materials, wherein the raw materials are garden trimming waste containing rich lignin;

2. producing wood fiber at normal temperature and normal pressure;

3. paving the produced wood fiber on a cow bed to be used as a bed pad;

8. mixing the recovered culture medium with cow dung and cow urine for the second time, wherein the mixture comprises 30-70% of cow dung and cow urine and 30-70% of recovered culture medium, and the carbon nitrogen ratio of the recovered culture medium reaches 20-30:1 according to the residual root system content of various horticultural crops in the medium;

11. carrying out garden seedling raising operation;

the production of the wood fiber at normal temperature and normal pressure in the second step comprises the following steps:

cutting garden trimming waste containing rich lignin into strips, sheets or blocks;

grinding the grinding equipment into wood fibers;

in the fourth step, the volume of the wood fiber and the cow dung added with the cow urine is 1:1-3, fermenting for 15-30 days to obtain a primary incompletely mixed fermented product, wherein the carbon nitrogen ratio is 20-30:1, the water content is 45-75%, and the fermentation temperature is 50-70 ℃; in the fifth step, the fermentation or aging process lasts for 1-3 months;

after the step four, before the step five is executed, if the volume of wood fibers in the primary incompletely mixed fermented product is lower than 15% of the total materials, the primary incompletely mixed fermented product is concentrated fermented for 5-35 days, and 10% -15% of wood fibers are added to be mixed with cow dung and cow urine and the primary incompletely mixed fermented product in the fermentation process; if the volume of wood fibers in the primary incompletely mixed fermentation product is higher than 15% of the total material, directly executing the step five;

in the fifth step, the operation of manufacturing the culture medium by using the culture medium main raw material comprises the following steps:

mixing the main raw materials of the culture medium with peat, vermiculite and perlite according to the proportion of 25-45:10-25:10-25: mixing uniformly in a proportion of 10-25;

turning the stack after the temperature of the stack rises to 55 ℃;

turning the pile according to the frequency of 2-7 days for more than 8 times;

2. The dynamic fermentation method of the ecological cycle of wood fiber, cow dung and cow urine according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the fourth step, after the wood fiber is uniformly mixed with cow dung and cow urine, inoculating a fermentation inoculant; the dosage of the fermentation inoculant is one thousandth of the total weight of wood fiber, cow dung and cow urine.

3. The dynamic fermentation method of the ecological cycle of wood fiber, cow dung and cow urine according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the main raw materials of the culture medium and peat, vermiculite and perlite are mixed according to the proportion of 25-45:10-25:10-25: and after being uniformly mixed according to the proportion of 10-25, the vegetable is inoculated with antagonistic bacteria related to the vegetable diseases.

4. The dynamic fermentation method of the ecological cycle of wood fiber, cow dung and cow urine according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step nine, concentrated fermentation is to put the mixture of cow dung, cow urine and the recovered culture medium into a fermentation field for more than 60 days.

5. The dynamic fermentation method for the ecological cycle of wood fiber, cow dung and cow urine according to claim 4, which is characterized in that: in the step nine, inoculating fermentation warming strains in the second fermentation process; the fermentation warming strain comprises bacterial powder containing VT bacteria or saccharomycetes or actinomycetes.

6. The dynamic fermentation method of the ecological cycle of wood fiber, cow dung and cow urine according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the preparation of the garden seedling substrate in the step ten comprises the following steps: