CN114383381A - 一种联合生产绿氢绿氧及冷能利用方法 - Google Patents

一种联合生产绿氢绿氧及冷能利用方法 Download PDF

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CN114383381A
CN114383381A CN202111286279.0A CN202111286279A CN114383381A CN 114383381 A CN114383381 A CN 114383381A CN 202111286279 A CN202111286279 A CN 202111286279A CN 114383381 A CN114383381 A CN 114383381A
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hydrogen
oxygen
liquid
nitrogen
cold energy
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CN114383381B (zh
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陈小康
张镇
杨健
刘艳军
骆彩萍
王西峰
马冬雪
吴德意
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Hualu Engineering and Technology Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明涉及氢能和节能减排领域，具体公开了一种联合生产绿氢绿氧及冷能利用方法，利用光伏/风力发电产生的绿电制取高压氢气、高压氧气，通过储能装置保证在光伏/风力发电装置工作间歇期，保证电解水制氢装置的连续运行；通过高压液氢泵、高压液氧泵替代氢气压缩机、氧气压缩机向下游连续稳定供应高压氢气、高压氧气。同时，利用氮气作为循环工质，常温氮气作为液氢、液氧气化的热源，液氢气化时提供‑250℃温位的高品质冷能，液氧气化时提供‑186℃温位的高品质冷能，氮气回收冷量变成液氮，再作为氢气、氧气液化的冷源；采用氮气外液化系统补充系统冷损。

Description

一种联合生产绿氢绿氧及冷能利用方法
技术领域
本发明属于氢能和节能减排领域，具体涉及一种同时生产高压氢气、高压氧气的工艺系统及冷能利用方法。
背景技术
合成气(CO+H2)是现代煤化工产品的上游原料气，而合成气制备过程中在变换装置副产大量的CO2，最终排放到环境中；通过采用风光互补的绿电作能源，通过电解水制氢装置生产绿氢可以大规模的替代传统合成气中的灰氢，同时副产的氧气可以替代空分装置生产的氧气；高压液氢泵、高压液氧泵替代大型氢压机、氧压机也提高了生产运行的安全性，这对于大型煤化工企业工厂的节能减排、安全生产具有很强的现实意义。
现有专利技术中，尚未有以光伏发电、储能装置和电解水制氢生产的绿氢、绿氧为原料、利用冷能耦合联合生产高压氢气、高压氧气的工艺系统。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种联合生产绿氢绿氧及冷能利用方法。该绿氢绿氧联产方法既有效的克服了大规模光伏发电供氢的不连续性问题，又实现了氢气、氧气液化与液氢、液氧气化的能量耦合，采用氮气作为循环工质安全可靠，同时高压液氢泵、高压液氧泵替代大型氢压机、氧压机也提高了生产运行的安全性，是一种高效零碳的高压氢气、氧气制备方法。
一种联合生产绿氢绿氧及冷能利用方法，包括如下步骤：
步骤一、光伏发电装置以光伏发电、风电装置以风力发电提供的可再生电源作为动力，通过电解水制氢装置生产氢气、氧气，富裕的可再生电源存储在储能装置内，作为光伏发电、风电装置间歇期的备用电源；
步骤二、通过电解水制氢装置生产的氢气通过氢气液化装置将氢气从常温降至-250℃后，以液态形式储存到液氢贮槽中；在液氢生产过程中采用液氮预冷，将氢气预冷至-191℃；
步骤三、液氢贮槽中的液氢经高压液氢泵加压至3.5～8.5MPaG，采用氮气作热源将液氢气化至常温，然后送入高压氢气管网；液氢气化过程中，通过氮气回收-250℃温位的冷能；
步骤四、通过电解水制氢装置生产的氧气经过氧气纯化单元纯化后，通过氧气液化器将氧气从常温降至-186℃后，以液态形式储存到液氧贮槽中；在液氧生产过程中采用液氮作冷源，将氧气冷却至-186℃后液化；
步骤五、液氧贮槽中的液氧经高压液氧泵加压至4.0～8.5MPaG，采用氮气作热源将液氧气化至常温，然后送入高压氧气管网；液氧气化过程中，通过氮气回收-186℃温位的冷能；
步骤六、氮气经液氧气化器降温后送至氮气外液化系统进一步冷却液化，来自氢气预冷器的氮气也经液氢气化器冷却液化，两股液氮送入液氮贮槽，再经液氮循环泵加压后分别送至氢气预冷器和氧气液化器。
进一步地，电解水制氢装置是以可再生电源作为能源将水分离成氢气和氧气。
进一步地，储能装置配有锂离子储能电池、铅酸蓄电池、全钒流储电池或其它形式电池储能，将光照充裕期的富余电能储存起来，作为光照低谷期的补充电源。
进一步地，将氢气从常温降至-250℃后，以液态形式进行加压，用高压液氢泵替代高压氢气压缩机，是一种安全的、可实现大规模供应高压氢气的方式。
进一步地，液氢气化过程中，通过氮气气化液氢，回收-250℃温位的冷能，为氢气液化提供-193℃的冷量。
进一步地，将氧气从常温降至-186℃后，以液态形式进行加压，用高压液氧泵替代高压氧气压缩机，是一种安全的、可实现大规模供应高压氧气的方式。
进一步地，液氧气化过程中，通过氮气气化液氢，回收-180℃温位的冷能，为氧气液化提供-193℃的冷量。
进一步地，利用氮气作为循环工质，常温氮气作为液氢、液氧气化的热源，氮气冷却、液化以回收-186℃、-250℃温位的冷能，液氮经液氮循环泵加压循环再作为氢气、氧气液化的冷源，实现了冷量的耦合利用。
进一步地，利用氮气外液化装置将来自液氧气化器的低温氮气液化后送入液氮贮槽，补充系统运行中的冷损。
进一步地，氧气液化器、液氢气化器、液氧气化器均采用板翅式换热器，最大程度的减少换热过程中的不可逆损失。
本发明具有以下优点：
1、采用光伏发电、风力发电提供电解水制氢装置所需的电力，实现了氢气的绿色制备。
2、通过锂离子储能电池、铅酸蓄电池、全钒流储电池或其它形式的储能电池，提高了备用率和可靠性。
3、氢气、氧气液化与液氢、液氧气化的能量耦合，提高了能量利用率；采用氮气作为循环工质安全可靠；。
4、高压液氢泵、高压液氧泵替代大型氢压机、氧压机也提高了生产运行的安全性。
附图说明
图1为本发明的方法流程示意图。
其中：1—光伏发电装置、2—风电装置、3—储能装置、4—电解水制氢装置、5—氢气液化装置、6—氧气纯化单元、7—氮气外液化装置、E1—氧气液化器、E2—液氧气化器、E3—液氢气化器、 V1—液氧贮槽、V2—液氢贮槽、V3—液氮贮槽、P1—高压液氧泵、 P2—高压液氢泵、P3—液氮循环泵。
具体实施方式
如图1所示，本发明是以光伏发电、风力发电提供的可再生电源作为动力，配有恰当的储能装置，通过电解水制氢装置生产绿色的氢气、氧气，氢气经液化、加压再气化后送下游工艺装置作为原料气(如合成氨装置、乙二醇装置、甲醇装置、焦油加氢装置等)，氧气可以送下游气化装置。
由于光伏发电装置、风电装置的周期性波动：(1)如一天二十四小时内，光伏发电装置只能连续稳定运行4～5小时左右，其余时间无法产生稳定电力，所以需要在工作的4～5小时内既提供当下使用的氢气，又需要提前生产其余时间所需的氢气；(2)风力发电受天气、风力变化的影响，在发电高峰工况时，富裕的氢气需要储存下来，补充发电低谷时的氢气供应。(3)配置一定比例的储能装置，作为储氢的补充，天气原因无法发电时，储氢又消耗完时，储能装置供电，实现稳定供氢。
通过高压液氢泵、高压液氧泵替代氢气压缩机、氧气压缩机向下游连续稳定供应高压氢气、高压氧气。
利用氮气作为循环工质，常温氮气作为液氢、液氧气化的热源，液氢气化时提供-250℃温位的高品质冷能，液氧气化时提供-186℃温位的高品质冷能，氮气回收冷量变成液氮，再作为氢气、氧气液化的冷源；采用氮气外液化系统补充系统冷损。
配有锂离子储能电池、铅酸蓄电池、全钒流储电池或其它形式的电池储能装置，与储氢共同配合，提高了连续供氢的可靠性和备用方式的多样性，实际应用时，可根据储能规模和现场条件，选择恰当的储能电池。
本发明具体制备方法如下：
1、以光伏发电装置1、风电装置2提供的可再生电源作为动力，通过电解水制氢装置4生产氢气、氧气，富裕的可再生电源存储在储能装置3内，作为光伏发电装置、风电装置间歇期的备用电源； 2、通过电解水制氢装置3生产的氢气通过氢气液化装置5将氢气从常温降至-250℃后，以液态形式储存到液氢贮槽V2中；在液氢生产过程中采用液氮预冷，将氢气预冷至-191℃；
3、液氢贮槽V2中的液氢经高压液氢泵P2加压至3.5～8.5MPaG，采用氮气作热源将液氢气化至常温，然后送入高压氢气管网；液氢气化过程中，通过氮气回收-250℃温位的冷能；
4、通过电解水制氢装置4生产的氧气经过氧气纯化单元6纯化后，通过氧气液化器E1将氧气从常温降至-186℃后，以液态形式储存到液氧贮槽V1中；在液氧生产过程中采用液氮作冷源，将氧气冷却至 -186℃后液化；
5、液氧贮槽V1中的液氧经高压液氧泵P1加压至4.0～8.5MPaG，采用氮气作热源将液氧气化至常温，然后送入高压氧气管网；液氧气化过程中，通过氮气回收-186℃温位的冷能。
6、氮气经液氧气化器E2降温后送至氮气外液化系统进一步冷却液化，来自氢气预冷器的氮气也经液氢气化器E3冷却液化，两股液氮送入液氮贮槽，再经液氮循环泵P3加压后分别送至氢气预冷器和氧气液化器E1。
以上所述，仅仅是本发明的具体实施方式，但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本领域的技术人员在本发明披露的技术范围内，可轻易想到的变化或替换，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围内。

Claims (10)

1.一种联合生产绿氢绿氧及冷能利用方法，其特征在于包括如下步骤：
步骤一、光伏发电装置以光伏发电、风电装置以风力发电提供的可再生电源作为动力，通过电解水制氢装置生产氢气、氧气，富裕的可再生电源存储在储能装置内，作为光伏发电、风电装置间歇期的备用电源；
步骤二、通过电解水制氢装置生产的氢气通过氢气液化装置将氢气从常温降至-250℃后，以液态形式储存到液氢贮槽中；在液氢生产过程中采用液氮预冷，将氢气预冷至-191℃；
步骤三、液氢贮槽中的液氢经高压液氢泵加压至3.5～8.5MPaG，采用氮气作热源将液氢气化至常温，然后送入高压氢气管网；液氢气化过程中，通过氮气回收-250℃温位的冷能；
步骤四、通过电解水制氢装置生产的氧气经过氧气纯化单元纯化后，通过氧气液化器将氧气从常温降至-186℃后，以液态形式储存到液氧贮槽中；在液氧生产过程中采用液氮作冷源，将氧气冷却至-186℃后液化；
步骤五、液氧贮槽中的液氧经高压液氧泵加压至4.0～8.5MPaG，采用氮气作热源将液氧气化至常温，然后送入高压氧气管网；液氧气化过程中，通过氮气回收-186℃温位的冷能；
步骤六、氮气经液氧气化器降温后送至氮气外液化装置进一步冷却液化，来自氢气预冷器的氮气也经液氢气化器冷却液化，两股液氮送入液氮贮槽，再经液氮循环泵加压后分别送至氢气预冷器和氧气液化器。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种联合生产绿氢绿氧及冷能利用方法，其特征是，电解水制氢装置是以可再生电源作为能源将水分离成氢气和氧气。
3.如权利要求1所述的一种联合生产绿氢绿氧及冷能利用方法，其特征是，储能装置配有锂离子储能电池、铅酸蓄电池、全钒流储电池或其它形式电池储能，将光照充裕期的富余电能储存起来，作为光照低谷期的补充电源。
4.如权利要求1所述的一种联合生产绿氢绿氧及冷能利用方法，其特征是，将氢气从常温降至-250℃后，以液态形式进行加压，用高压液氢泵替代高压氢气压缩机，是一种安全的、可实现大规模供应高压氢气的方式。
5.如权利要求1所述的一种联合生产绿氢绿氧及冷能利用方法，其特征是，液氢气化过程中，通过氮气气化液氢，回收-250℃温位的冷能，为氢气液化提供-193℃的冷量。
6.如权利要求1所述的一种联合生产绿氢绿氧及冷能利用方法，其特征是，将氧气从常温降至-186℃后，以液态形式进行加压，用高压液氧泵替代高压氧气压缩机，是一种安全的、可实现大规模供应高压氧气的方式。
7.如权利要求1所述的一种联合生产绿氢绿氧及冷能利用方法，其特征是，液氧气化过程中，通过氮气气化液氢，回收-180℃温位的冷能，为氧气液化提供-193℃的冷量。
8.如权利要求1所述的一种联合生产绿氢绿氧及冷能利用方法，其特征是，利用氮气作为循环工质，常温氮气作为液氢、液氧气化的热源，氮气冷却、液化以回收-186℃、-250℃温位的冷能，液氮经液氮循环泵加压循环再作为氢气、氧气液化的冷源，实现了冷量的耦合利用。
9.如权利要求1所述的一种联合生产绿氢绿氧及冷能利用方法，其特征是，利用氮气外液化装置将来自液氧气化器的低温氮气液化后送入液氮贮槽，补充系统运行中的冷损。
10.如权利要求1所述的一种联合生产绿氢绿氧及冷能利用方法，其特征是，氧气液化器、液氢气化器、液氧气化器均采用板翅式换热器，最大程度的减少换热过程中的不可逆损失。
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