CN111197912A - 一种lng冷能空分中的lng与空气、液氧安全隔离装置 - Google Patents

一种lng冷能空分中的lng与空气、液氧安全隔离装置 Download PDF

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CN111197912A
CN111197912A CN202010077168.8A CN202010077168A CN111197912A CN 111197912 A CN111197912 A CN 111197912A CN 202010077168 A CN202010077168 A CN 202010077168A CN 111197912 A CN111197912 A CN 111197912A
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lng
air
air separation
liquid
heat exchanger
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夏鸿雁
韩帅
常运建
宁燕
王定伟
胡洋
俞卓玮
陆峰
褚瑞华
洪梦丽
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Hangzhou Oxygen Plant Group Co Ltd
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Hangzhou Oxygen Plant Group Co Ltd
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
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    • F25J3/04048—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit by compression of cold gaseous streams, e.g. intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste) streams
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    • F25J3/04151—Purification and (pre-)cooling of the feed air; recuperative heat-exchange with product streams
    • F25J3/04187—Cooling of the purified feed air by recuperative heat-exchange; Heat-exchange with product streams
    • F25J3/04193—Division of the main heat exchange line in consecutive sections having different functions
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    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
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    • F25J3/04151—Purification and (pre-)cooling of the feed air; recuperative heat-exchange with product streams
    • F25J3/04187—Cooling of the purified feed air by recuperative heat-exchange; Heat-exchange with product streams
    • F25J3/04218—Parallel arrangement of the main heat exchange line in cores having different functions, e.g. in low pressure and high pressure cores
    • F25J3/04224—Cores associated with a liquefaction or refrigeration cycle
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    • F25J3/04248—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion
    • F25J3/04254—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using the cold stored in external cryogenic fluids
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    • F25J3/04266—The cryogenic component does not participate in the fractionation and being liquefied hydrocarbons
    • F25J3/04272—The cryogenic component does not participate in the fractionation and being liquefied hydrocarbons and comprising means for reducing the risk of pollution of hydrocarbons into the air fractionation
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    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04248—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion
    • F25J3/04333—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using quasi-closed loop internal vapor compression refrigeration cycles, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams
    • F25J3/04351—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using quasi-closed loop internal vapor compression refrigeration cycles, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams of nitrogen
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    • F25J2250/00—Details related to the use of reboiler-condensers
    • F25J2250/30—External or auxiliary boiler-condenser in general, e.g. without a specified fluid or one fluid is not a primary air component or an intermediate fluid
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    • F25J2250/00—Details related to the use of reboiler-condensers
    • F25J2250/30—External or auxiliary boiler-condenser in general, e.g. without a specified fluid or one fluid is not a primary air component or an intermediate fluid
    • F25J2250/42—One fluid being nitrogen

Abstract

一种LNG冷能空分中的LNG与空气、液氧安全隔离装置,它至少包括一个液化系统和一个液氮蒸发器，该液化系统独立于空分冷箱外，液氮蒸发器置于空分冷箱内，其特征在于所述液化系统内设有高压换热器，循环氮压机，气液分离器，放空消声器，第一节流阀，第四调节阀，第五调节阀及第七放空阀，本发明保证LNG冷能空分最大程度的安全运行，LNG的冷量回收主要通过高压氮气和LNG换热后将冷量转到液氮中，然后再由液氮为空分设备提供冷量。这可以让工艺中的LNG不与空气直接换热，而且避免涉及LNG的设备出现在空分冷箱中；另一方面，去空分的液氮通过液氮蒸发器把冷量传递给进冷箱的空气，不直接参与分馏塔内的精馏换热。这种双重隔离技术为空分提供了有力的安全保证。

Description

一种LNG冷能空分中的LNG与空气、液氧安全隔离装置
技术领域
本发明涉及一种LNG冷能空分中的LNG与空气、液氧安全隔离装置，属于空分技术领域。
背景技术
液化天然气（LNG）是一种优质的清洁能源，具有热值高、燃烧污染小等特点，并含有大量高品位低温冷量，在被用于燃料或化工原料之前，需要进行热交换把它气化为常温气体。传统LNG汽化项目冷能浪费巨大，气化冷量通过天然气汽化器被空气或海水吸收，造成冷量浪费，并且对生态环境造成不良影响及冷污染。另一方面，传统液体空分项目，需要增设增压机、膨胀机以提供冷量，设备能耗高，最终导致液体生产成本升高。然而，LNG冷能空分设备将LNG冷能利用与空分装置相结合，既回收了LNG气化的冷量、减少接收站对环境的冷排放，同时也降低了空分设备制取液氧、液氮的能耗。与常规空分设备相比，可实现空分运行机组的小型化，并且节省电能约50％，节省水消耗约70％。具有社会、经济和环境三重效益，也是空分重要发展方向之一。
LNG冷能利用空分设备中，空分设备所需的冷量主要是用于压缩机压缩后的空气冷却和空分精馏等，LNG冷能中低温部分的冷量（-162~-70℃）主要通过氮气和LNG换热获得；高温部分的冷量（-70~0℃）则通过乙二醇和LNG换热获得。降温后的乙二醇水溶液用于压缩机的冷却，液氮作为空分精馏系统的冷源。
空分精馏系统主要指分馏塔系统，包括换热和分离。空气分离的基本原理是利用低温精馏法，将空气冷凝成液体，然后按各组分蒸发温度的不同，将空气分离成氧氮氩。常规空分是用膨胀机进行制冷，通过换热系统将经前置系统处理的干燥洁净空气降温至液化温度。本装置取消了膨胀机，制冷通过回收LNG的冷量获得。
天然气是一种易燃易爆物质，天然气与空气混合在一定的条件下是易爆的。其在空气中的爆炸极限（体积分数）为5%~15%之间。所以在空分设备中空气和LNG在换热器中直接换热是危险的，天然气一旦泄漏到密闭的空气中，在爆炸极限范围内就会产生爆炸危险，后果相当严重。另一方面，分馏塔分离的氧气是无色无毒的气体，有强烈的助燃作用，和所有的可燃气体在引火和撞击的情况下有极强的燃爆危险，所以含有LNG介质的设备也不宜出现在空分的冷箱设备中。
综上，LNG虽然蕴含了大量的低温冷量，但是在LNG冷能空分的应用中，对LNG冷量的安全回收利用，是一项降低设备运行风险的重要工作。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于安全有效的利用液化天然气（LNG）的冷能。即可通过氮气回收LNG冷量。LNG和氮气换热的换热器置于液化冷箱内，液化冷箱布置在天然气防爆区内。液氮和空气换热的液氮蒸发器置于空分分馏塔冷箱内。从液化冷箱回收LNG冷量后得到的液氮，输送至空分冷箱内的液氮蒸发器，液化进冷箱空气，而不直接进入精馏塔。
本发明是通过如下技术方案来实现的：一种LNG冷能空分中的LNG与空气、液氧安全隔离装置, 它至少包括一个液化系统和一个液氮蒸发器，该液化系统独立于空分冷箱外，液氮蒸发器置于空分冷箱内，所述液化系统内设有高压换热器，循环氮压机，气液分离器，放空消声器，第一节流阀，第四调节阀，第五调节阀及第七放空阀。
作为优选：所述高压换热器分别与循环氮压机和气液分离器相连接，且在与气液分离器相连接的管道上设有第一节流阀，所述气液分离器的一端通过第三调节阀与液氮蒸发器连接，另一端通过带有第二调节阀的管道连接至外部贮槽，所述液氮蒸发器与空分冷箱主换热器连接，该空分冷箱主换热器与液化系统换热器通过管道连接，并且在连接管道上设有第四调节阀和第五调节阀，所述在第四调节阀的前方设有第七放空阀，该第七放空阀连接放空消声器，所述空分冷箱主换热器还连接外部空气，并用第六调节阀进行控制。
作为优选：所述液氮蒸发器内部设置有至少一个板式换热器芯体，将液氮蒸发器分成两个腔体，换热器芯体通道为冷凝腔体，浸没换热器的壳体为蒸发腔体。
作为优选：所述液氮蒸发器中蒸发的氮气不进入分馏塔系统进行精馏，冷凝腔体中被液化的液空则进入分馏塔系统参与精馏。
综合上述方法，LNG仅在液化系统的高压换热器中与氮气换热，从而将冷能逐步转入空分冷箱的精馏塔中。这种技术可以带来以下益处：
1）避免LNG直接与空气换热，减小换热器内漏可能引起的爆炸风险，而LNG与氮气间的换热则有效规避了该风险。
2）可以将涉及LNG的设备拆分出空分的冷箱体系，很大程度上减小了天然气混入空气、氧气的风险，也提高了空分冷箱的安全性。
3）携带LNG冷能的液氮并不直接参与分馏塔精馏，而是将冷能再次传递给液空，让后者进入分馏塔中，这又再次减小了LNG漏入液氮而进入分馏塔系统的风险。
如此，这种安全技术成功的将LNG与精馏系统进行了两次隔离，大幅度提高了LNG冷能空分运行的安全性。
附图说明
图1为本发明的结构示意图。
具体实施方式：
下面将结合图1对本发明作详细的介绍。图1所示是冷能空分LNG与空气、液氧隔离技术流程原理图；图中主要包含两个系统：
一、液化系统（液化冷箱），包括高压换热器E1，循环氮压机C1，气液分离器K1，放空消声器S1，第一节流阀，第四调节阀，第五调节阀及第七放空阀。
二、分馏塔系统（空分冷箱），包括液氮蒸发器K2，主换器E2，第二调节阀，第三调节阀，第六调节阀及精馏塔等设备。
本发明所述的是一种LNG冷能空分中的LNG与空气、液氧安全隔离技术，该技术要求
使用者有可回收利用的LNG及一套需要冷量的LNG冷能空分设备，两者之间通过一套液化系统进行冷量的传递，系统中至少包括一台高压换热器、一台循环氮压机、一台气液分离器，一台高压节流阀和一台液氮蒸发器，LNG中的冷量通过换热的形式传递给氮气，氮气被液化节流进入空分系统中的液氮蒸发器，进入冷箱的空气在液氮蒸发器中被液氮液化后送入分馏塔进行精馏，从而实现这种将LNG不送入空分区域而将冷能传递给空分的安全隔离技术。
所述的方法中，要求可回收利用的LNG冷能适合回收利用，有与空分温度相匹配的高品位冷能（-162~-135℃）。
所述的方法中，要求所使用的高压换热器的换热面积能保证充分回收利用LNG的冷能。
所述的方法中，低温循环氮压机的流量、温度、压力的设计要求合理，满足氮气增压和换热的要求。
所述的方法中，要求气液分离器的大小能满足液氮混合气充分的分离。
所述的方法中，要求液氮蒸发器回收的冷量能满足整个分馏塔冷箱的冷损。
具体工作原理：
如图1所示, 可回收利用的LNG与氮气在液化冷箱内的高压换热器E1中进行换热，LNG吸收热量后气化成NG，送入NG管网供后续使用。氮气经低温循环氮压机C1加压，再经E1换热，被LNG吸收热量后经第一节流阀转变成液氮进入气液分离器K1。在气液分离器K1中，节流气化后的氮气可重新送入氮压机，底部液体则分为两部分，一部分作为产品液氮通过第二阀送入贮槽；其余则通过第三调节阀输送至空分冷箱中的液氮蒸发器K2中。液氮作为冷源，在K2中将经过第六调节阀送入主换热器预冷的空气液化，自身蒸发后经主换热器E2复热后经第五调节阀送入C1氮压机入口。被液化的液空则进入分馏塔中进行精馏，这实现了将液氮的冷量带入分馏塔中，为精馏提供冷量。最终在分馏塔中产出（液）氧、（液）氩。而分馏塔产生的压力氮经E2复热后出冷箱经第四调节阀后送入E1预冷，然后送入循环氮压机C1，让液化系统保证氮气循环量的同时稳定输出液氮产品。

Claims (4)

1. 一种LNG冷能空分中的LNG与空气、液氧安全隔离装置, 它至少包括一个液化系统和一个液氮蒸发器，该液化系统独立于空分冷箱外，液氮蒸发器置于空分冷箱内，其特征在于所述液化系统内设有高压换热器，循环氮压机，气液分离器，放空消声器，第一节流阀，第四调节阀，第五调节阀及第七放空阀。
2.根据权利要求1所述LNG冷能空分中的LNG与空气、液氧安全隔离装置，其特征在于所述高压换热器分别与循环氮压机和气液分离器相连接，且在与气液分离器相连接的管道上设有第一节流阀，所述气液分离器的一端通过第三调节阀与液氮蒸发器连接，另一端通过带有第二调节阀的管道连接至外部贮槽，所述液氮蒸发器与空分冷箱主换热器连接，该空分冷箱主换热器与液化系统换热器通过管道连接，并且在连接管道上设有第四调节阀和第五调节阀，所述在第四调节阀的前方设有第七放空阀，该第七放空阀连接放空消声器，
所述空分冷箱主换热器还连接外部空气，并用第六调节阀进行控制。
3.根据权利要求1所述LNG冷能空分中的LNG与空气、液氧安全隔离装置，其特征在于：所述液氮蒸发器内部设置有至少一个板式换热器芯体，将液氮蒸发器分成两个腔体，换热器芯体通道为冷凝腔体，浸没换热器的壳体为蒸发腔体。
4.根据权利要求3所述LNG冷能空分中的LNG与空气、液氧安全隔离装置，其特征在于所述液氮蒸发器中蒸发的氮气不进入分馏塔系统进行精馏，冷凝腔体中被液化的液空则进入分馏塔系统参与精馏。
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