CN101846436A - 利用lng冷能的全液体空气分离装置 - Google Patents

利用lng冷能的全液体空气分离装置 Download PDF

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CN101846436A
CN101846436A CN201010184299A CN201010184299A CN101846436A CN 101846436 A CN101846436 A CN 101846436A CN 201010184299 A CN201010184299 A CN 201010184299A CN 201010184299 A CN201010184299 A CN 201010184299A CN 101846436 A CN101846436 A CN 101846436A
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nitrogen
liquid
air
gas
lng
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江克忠
杨学军
郑小平
刘景武
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China National Offshore Oil Corp CNOOC
CNOOC Energy Technology and Services Ltd
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China National Offshore Oil Corp CNOOC
CNOOC Energy Technology and Services Ltd
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    • F25J3/04333—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using quasi-closed loop internal vapor compression refrigeration cycles, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams
    • F25J3/04351—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using quasi-closed loop internal vapor compression refrigeration cycles, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams of nitrogen
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    • F25J3/04642—Recovering noble gases from air
    • F25J3/04648—Recovering noble gases from air argon
    • F25J3/04654—Producing crude argon in a crude argon column
    • F25J3/04666—Producing crude argon in a crude argon column as a parallel working rectification column of the low pressure column in a dual pressure main column system
    • F25J3/04672—Producing crude argon in a crude argon column as a parallel working rectification column of the low pressure column in a dual pressure main column system having a top condenser
    • F25J3/04678—Producing crude argon in a crude argon column as a parallel working rectification column of the low pressure column in a dual pressure main column system having a top condenser cooled by oxygen enriched liquid from high pressure column bottoms
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    • F25J3/04648—Recovering noble gases from air argon
    • F25J3/04654—Producing crude argon in a crude argon column
    • F25J3/04666—Producing crude argon in a crude argon column as a parallel working rectification column of the low pressure column in a dual pressure main column system
    • F25J3/04672—Producing crude argon in a crude argon column as a parallel working rectification column of the low pressure column in a dual pressure main column system having a top condenser
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    • F25J3/04721—Producing pure argon, e.g. recovered from a crude argon column
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    • F25J2270/90—External refrigeration, e.g. conventional closed-loop mechanical refrigeration unit using Freon or NH3, unspecified external refrigeration
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种利用LNG冷能的全液体空气分离装置，包括空气压缩预冷系统、空气净化系统、空气分离系统和回收LNG冷能的氮气循环系统，LNG的压力≥8.0MPa，回收LNG冷能的氮气循环系统包括氮压机、绕管式换热器和气液分离器，出空气分离系统的气氮进入绕管换热器与LNG换热，经氮压机压缩增压，冷凝成液氮，出绕管换热器的液氮经气液分离器分离成气氮和液氮，出气液分离器的液氮分成两路，一路送入空气分离系统，作为下塔的回流液参与下塔的精馏，并将冷量带入空气分离系统；另一路作为液氮产品送出；出气液分离器的气氮进入绕管式换热器复热到氮压机的入口温度进入氮压机循环。本发明与同等规模的现有空分装置比较节约电能50％以上，节约水耗90％以上。

Description

利用LNG冷能的全液体空气分离装置
技术领域
本发明涉及一种空气分离装置，特别涉及一种利用LNG冷能的全液体空气分离装置。
背景技术
天然气是一种优质能源，具有热值高、洁净、燃烧污染小等特点，其主要成份是甲烷，为了便于运输将其液化，液化温度一般在-150℃～-161℃，成为液化天然气LNG，输送到目的地后为了利用又需将其汽化，汽化时会产生大量的冷能，0.1Mpa下的LNG从-161℃复热到27℃时所释放的冷能约为950KJ/kg，8.0Mpa下的NG从-161℃复热到27℃时所释放的冷能约为830KJ/kg，LNG蕴藏有巨大的高品质冷能，如果不回收利用将是极大的浪费。目前LNG冷能利用的方式有冷能发电、低温粉碎旧轮胎、生产液氧、液氮、液氩的全液体空气分离装置。根据低温冷能尽可能低温利用的原理，全液体空气分离装置是LNG冷能利用最有效最合理的一种利用方式。
全液体空气分离装置生产的液氧、液氮、液氩产品广泛应用于冶金、石化、机械、化肥、玻璃、军工、食品、医疗等领域，但传统的常规空分能耗大，生产1kg液氧需0.7～0.85kwh的能耗，利用LNG冷能的空气分离装置生产1kg液氧能耗可降低50％左右。
常规空气分离系统特别是生产液氧、液氮和液氩等液体空分产品的空气分离系统以及生产部分加压气氧、气氮(内压缩气体产品)和部分液体空分产品的空气分离系统，需要大量的低温冷能来营造超低温环境(-190℃以下)。常规的办法是用一股高压空气或高压氮气冷却到规定温度后进一台或两台增压透平膨胀机膨胀制冷来提供空分系统所需的冷能。气体的压缩是需要消耗大量电力和冷却水，因此常规的这类空分系统其液体空分产品和内压缩气体产品的单位电耗很高。
发明内容
本发明为解决公知技术中存在的技术问题而提供一种能够回收高压LNG冷能用于生产液氧、液氮、液氩的全液体空气分离装置。
本发明为解决公知技术中存在的技术问题所采取的技术方案是：一种利用LNG冷能的全液体空气分离装置，包括依次连接的空气压缩预冷系统、空气净化系统、空气分离系统和回收LNG冷能的氮气循环系统，所述LNG的压力≥8.0Mpa，所述回收LNG冷能的氮气循环系统包括氮压机、绕管式换热器和气液分离器，出自空气分离系统的气氮进入绕管换热器与LNG换热，并经氮压机压缩增压，冷凝成液氮，出绕管换热器的液氮经气液分离器分离成气氮和液氮，出气液分离器的液氮分成两路，一路送入空气分离系统，作为下塔的回流液参与下塔的精馏，并将冷量带入空气分离系统；另一路作为液氮产品送出；出气液分离器的气氮进入绕管式换热器复热到氮压机的入口温度进入氮压机循环。
所述氮压机包括至少两台低温氮压机，气氮在绕管式换热器内与LNG一次换热后进入第一台低温氮压机压缩增压，增压后的气氮再进入绕管式换热器内与LNG再次换热后进入下一台低温氮压机压缩增压，重复循环，气氮分阶段冷却和增压，直至冷凝成液氮。
该装置还包括冷媒换热器，出绕管式换热器的LNG在冷媒换热器中与冷媒进行热交换，出冷媒换热器的冷媒为空气压缩预冷系统提供冷能。
所述回收LNG冷能的氮气循环系统被置于一独立的冷箱Ⅱ内。
所述空气分离系统包括精馏塔、制氩系统、主换热器和过冷器，所述精馏塔包括下塔、上塔和两塔之间的冷凝蒸发器；净化后的原料空气在主换热器内与来自精馏塔的返流气换热被降温至饱和温度后进下塔精馏，下塔顶部获得气氮，下塔底部获得富氧液空；下塔顶部的气氮分两路，一路经主换热器复热后进入回收LNG冷能的氮气循环系统回收LNG的冷能后冷凝成液氮回下塔顶部，另一路去冷凝蒸发器，被来自上塔底部的液氧冷凝为液氮，出冷凝蒸发器的液氮一部分去上塔参加精馏，另一部分回下塔顶部做回流液与进入下塔的饱和空气进行热质交换；下塔底部的富氧液空进上塔参加精馏；上塔中的富氧液空和液氮与出自冷凝蒸发器的气氧进行热质交换，在底部获得液氧，在中部获得氩馏分，顶部获得气氮，上塔底部的液氧一部分进冷凝蒸发器与气氮进行热交换，另一部分作为液氧产品送出；上塔中部的氩馏分进入制氩系统精馏制取液氩产品；上塔顶部的气氮经过冷器冷却后进主换热器复热后进空气净化系统与原料空气汇合。
所述空气分离系统被置于一独立的冷箱Ⅰ内。
所述空气压缩预冷系统包括空压机及其中间冷却器和末级换热器，空气经空压机压缩增压，并以冷媒作为传热介质通过中间冷却器和末级冷却器冷却后，进入空气净化系统。
本发明具有的优点和积极效果是：回收天然气冷能的换热器采用绕管式换热器，绕管式换热器结构紧凑，传热效率高，能承受高压，可实现多股流换热，具有很好的热补偿能力，介质间不易泄露，因此将绕管式换热器应用于全液体空气分离装置回收高压力的LNG冷能可谓相得益彰，生产1kg液体的耗电量为0.35kwh，耗水量为：0.02kg/h，本发明与同等规模的现有空气分离装置比较可节约电能50％以上，节约水耗90％以上。
附图说明
图1是本发明的流程图。
图中：1、原料空气，2、富氧液空，3、气氮，4、液氮，5、液氮，6、液氧，7、氩馏份，8、液氩，9、气氮，10、气氮，11、液氮，12、液氮，13、液氮，14、气氮，15、冷媒。
具体实施方式
为能进一步了解本发明的发明内容、特点及功效，兹例举以下实施例，并配合附图详细说明如下：
请参阅图1，本发明一种利用LNG冷能的全液体空气分离装置，包括空气压缩预冷系统、空气净化系统、空气分离系统和回收LNG冷能的氮气循环系统。
原料空气经过滤器AF滤掉灰尘杂质后，进入空气压缩机TC1压缩至0.52Mpa左右，并在空气压缩机TC1的中间冷却器E6和末级冷却器E5中被冷媒(乙二醇水溶液或氟里昂)预冷降温至5℃左右，然后进入净化系统，经吸附器MS1或吸附器MS2净化除去空气中的水份、二氧化碳等杂质，净化后的原料空气1去主换热器E2，与来自精馏塔的返流气换热，被冷却降温至饱和温度-173℃，进入精馏塔的下塔C1参加初步的精馏，在下塔中与回流液在塔板上进行热质交换、冷凝蒸发，经多层塔板的分离在下塔C1底部得到含氧量为38％左右的富氧液空2，塔顶获得高纯度的气氮3。下塔的回流液有两部分：①出自冷凝蒸发器K1的部分液氮4，②出自回收LNG冷能的氮气循环系统中的气液分离器的部分液氮13。
富氧液空2经过冷器E3过冷后节流去上塔C2，参加上塔的进一步精馏。下塔顶部的一部分气氮3去冷凝蒸发器K1，被蒸发的液氧冷凝成液氮，另一部分气氮10进入回收LNG冷能的氮气循环系统；出冷凝蒸发器K1的一部分液氮4进入下塔顶部作为下塔的回流液，另一部分液氮5经过冷器E3过冷后节流去上塔C2进一步精馏。
在冷凝蒸发器K1中气氮被冷凝的同时，液氧被蒸发成气氧作为上塔的上升气，与回流液富氧液空2和液氮5在填料间传热、传质，氧、氮分离，上塔底部得到高纯度的液氧；中部得到含氩8～12％的氩馏份7，将其送入制氩系统可制取高纯度的液氩8；上塔C2顶部获得的气氮9经过冷器E3、主换热器E2复热出冷箱I；上塔底部的一部分高纯度的液氧进入冷凝蒸发器K1，另一部分高纯度的液氧6作为液氧产品送出。
从下塔顶部抽出的部分气氮10在主换热器E2中与原料空气1换热升温后出冷箱I，然后去冷箱II，在绕管式换热器E1中被LNG冷却至-122℃左右抽出，送入低压氮压机TC2中压缩增压，增压后返回绕管式换热器E1与LNG换热、冷却，再次冷却至-122℃左右抽出去中压氮压机TC3压缩增压后再次返回换热器E1，回收LNG的冷能，气氮10液化为液氮11，液氮11节流后进气液分离器S1，分离出气氮14和液氮，气氮14节流后进入绕管式换热器E1复热到低压氮压机的入口温度进入低压氮压机循环。出气液分离器S1的一部分液氮12作为产品送出，另一部分液氮13送入下塔作为回流液，将LNG的冷能转移至空气分离系统。
LNG在绕管式换热器中逐步升温气化，将低温冷能转移给氮气，但并没有复热至常温，特别是对压力较高的LNG其高温冷能并未被利用，LNG的高温冷能还可以通过合适的冷媒15在冷媒换热器E4中被回收、复热至常温，被冷却的冷媒去空气压缩预冷系统冷却压缩空气至5℃左右。冷媒15可以是乙二醇水溶液或氟里昂，冷媒15将LNG的高温冷能回收用于空气压缩机的中间冷却器E6和末级冷却器E5冷却空气，提高了空压机的效率，节能降耗。
本发明利用绕管式换热器回收利用高压力≥8.0MPa的LNG冷能，并分阶段利用生产液氧、液氮、液氩。安全性高，且大幅度降低电耗、水耗。
尽管上面结合附图对本发明的优选实施例进行了描述，但是本发明并不局限于上述的具体实施方式，上述的具体实施方式仅仅是示意性的，并不是限制性的，本领域的普通技术人员在本发明的启示下，在不脱离本发明宗旨和权利要求所保护的范围情况下，还可以作出很多形式，这些均属于本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (7)

1.一种利用LNG冷能的全液体空气分离装置，包括依次连接的空气压缩预冷系统、空气净化系统、空气分离系统和回收LNG冷能的氮气循环系统，其特征在于，所述LNG的压力≥8.0Mpa，所述回收LNG冷能的氮气循环系统包括氮压机、绕管式换热器和气液分离器，出自空气分离系统的气氮进入绕管换热器与LNG换热，并经氮压机压缩增压，冷凝成液氮，出绕管换热器的液氮经气液分离器分离成气氮和液氮，出气液分离器的液氮分成两路，一路送入空气分离系统，作为下塔的回流液参与下塔的精馏，并将冷量带入空气分离系统；另一路作为液氮产品送出；出气液分离器的气氮进入绕管式换热器复热到氮压机的入口温度进入氮压机循环。
2.根据权利要求1所述的利用LNG冷能的全液体空气分离装置，其特征在于，所述氮压机包括至少两台低温氮压机，气氮在绕管式换热器内与LNG一次换热后进入第一台低温氮压机压缩增压，增压后的气氮再进入绕管式换热器内与LNG再次换热后进入下一台低温氮压机压缩增压，重复循环，气氮分阶段冷却和增压，直至冷凝成液氮。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的利用LNG冷能的全液体空气分离装置，其特征在于，该装置还包括冷媒换热器，出绕管式换热器的LNG在冷媒换热器中与冷媒进行热交换，出冷媒换热器的冷媒为空气压缩预冷系统提供冷能。
4.根据权利要求1所述的利用LNG冷能的全液体空气分离装置，其特征在于，所述回收LNG冷能的氮气循环系统被置于一独立的冷箱Ⅱ内。
5.根据权利要求1所述的利用LNG冷能的全液体空气分离装置，其特征在于，所述空气分离系统包括精馏塔、制氩系统、主换热器和过冷器，所述精馏塔包括下塔、上塔和两塔之间的冷凝蒸发器；
净化后的原料空气在主换热器内与来自精馏塔的返流气换热被降温至饱和温度后进下塔精馏，下塔顶部获得气氮，下塔底部获得富氧液空；下塔顶部的气氮分两路，一路经主换热器复热后作为进入回收LNG冷能的氮气循环系统回收LNG的冷能后冷凝成液氮回下塔顶部，另一路去冷凝蒸发器，被来自上塔底部的液氧冷凝为液氮，出冷凝蒸发器的液氮一部分去上塔参加精馏，另一部分回下塔顶部做回流液与进入下塔的饱和空气进行热质交换；
下塔底部的富氧液空进上塔参加精馏；
上塔中的富氧液空和液氮与出自冷凝蒸发器的气氧进行热质交换，在底部获得液氧，在中部获得氩馏分，顶部获得气氮，上塔底部的液氧一部分进冷凝蒸发器与气氮进行热交换，另一部分作为液氧产品送出；上塔中部的氩馏分进入制氩系统精馏制取液氩产品；上塔顶部的气氮经过冷器冷却后进主换热器复热后进空气净化系统与原料空气汇合。
6.根据权利要求1或5所述的利用LNG冷能的全液体空气分离装置，其特征在于，所述空气分离系统被置于一独立的冷箱Ⅰ内。
7.根据权利要求3所述的利用LNG冷能的全液体空气分离装置，其特征在于，所述空气压缩预冷系统包括空压机及其中间冷却器和末级换热器，空气经空压机压缩增压，并以冷媒作为传热介质通过中间冷却器和末级冷却器冷却后，进入空气净化系统。
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WO2021043182A1 (zh) * 2019-05-29 2021-03-11 苏州市兴鲁空分设备科技发展有限公司 一种利用lng冷能的空分装置和方法
CN110701870A (zh) * 2019-05-29 2020-01-17 苏州市兴鲁空分设备科技发展有限公司 一种利用lng冷能的空分装置和方法
CN111197912A (zh) * 2020-01-24 2020-05-26 杭州制氧机集团股份有限公司 一种lng冷能空分中的lng与空气、液氧安全隔离装置
CN111578139A (zh) * 2020-05-22 2020-08-25 哈尔滨锅炉厂有限责任公司 应用lng冷能、温差双回路及燃气三层耦合发电方法
CN113587551A (zh) * 2021-07-14 2021-11-02 四川空分设备(集团)有限责任公司 利用lng冷能生产液氧、液氮和液氩的空分系统及方法
CN113865265A (zh) * 2021-10-08 2021-12-31 华陆工程科技有限责任公司 一种利用液氢冷能的空气分离方法

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Application publication date: 20100929