CN104501530A - 一种利用多套空分制取的粗氩提取高纯液氩的装置及方法 - Google Patents

一种利用多套空分制取的粗氩提取高纯液氩的装置及方法 Download PDF

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CN104501530A
CN104501530A CN201410820647.9A CN201410820647A CN104501530A CN 104501530 A CN104501530 A CN 104501530A CN 201410820647 A CN201410820647 A CN 201410820647A CN 104501530 A CN104501530 A CN 104501530A
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argon
tower
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孙健
李玲
韩一松
王定伟
徐庆
韩帅
谭芳
张华涛
夏鸿雁
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Hang Yang Group Co ltd
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Abstract

一种利用多套空分制取的粗氩提取高纯液氩的装置及方法，所述的装置包括一用于获得产品液氩的提纯系统，一与所述粗氩Ⅰ塔中部位置相连通的原料粗氩气或粗液氩输入系统，至少一台用于液体回流的循环液氩泵和一台循环液氧泵；利用在一套空分装置中增加氩提取装置，将多套带增效塔空分中的粗氩气或粗液氩提取成纯液氩；它可以有效将粗氩气或粗液氩提取为纯液氩产品，变废为宝；同时对比与每套空分装置增加提氩系统减少了设备，降低投资成本。

Description

一种利用多套空分制取的粗氩提取高纯液氩的装置及方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种通过低温精馏法，在单套空分设备中增加提氩装置，提纯一套或者多套空分中粗氩气或者粗液氩，将其制取成高纯液氩的装置及方法，属于空分技术领域。
背景技术
近年来随着煤化工行业的崛起，促使空分向大型化不断的跃进。空分中氧气作为煤化工高炉的气化气，氮气作为产品气、输送气等，都为煤化工必不可少原料。而高纯液氩在空分中仅作为副产品输出。所以煤气化设备所配套的空分设备多不带提取氩功能，但为了有效提高氧的提取率来节省能耗，这些空分多采用带增效塔流程。
虽为空分的副产品，高纯氩却广泛应用于工业中。由于它的性质十分不活泼，可应用于飞机制造、造船、原子能工业和机械工业等行业，还可以作为焊接、电子工业的保护气及灯具的填充气等。若有良好的销售渠道，空分设备配备提氩系统产生的经济利益是可观的。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术存在的不足，而提供一种利用多套带增效塔空分中的粗氩气或粗液氩，仅对一套空分设备进行改造增加提氩系统，将多套的粗氩气、粗液氩精馏提取纯液氩，从而变废为宝，增加经济效益的利用多套空分制取的粗氩提取高纯液氩的装置及方法。
本发明的目的是这样实现的：所述的利用多套空分制取的粗氩提取高纯液氩的装置,该装置主要包括：
—用于获得产品液氩的提纯系统，该系统至少包括：利用多套空分中的一套空分，并将该套空分中带有冷凝器的增效塔作为粗氩Ⅱ塔，另配置有一台粗氩Ⅰ塔、一台含有冷凝器和蒸发器的纯氩塔；
一与所述粗氩Ⅰ塔中部位置相连通的原料粗氩气或粗液氩输入系统，该系统至少包括如下装置中的一种：一将远距离布置多套空分装置排放的粗氩气汇集于一体的汇集器、以及将汇集后的粗氩气进行增压的压缩机和将增压后的高温粗氩气冷却的板式换热器；一将近距离布置多套空分装置排放的粗氩气汇集于一体的汇集器；或一将多套空分装置排放的粗液氩作为原料回流液汇总在一起的贮槽、以及将粗液氩进行加压的粗液氩泵；
至少—台用于液体回流的循环液氩泵和一台循环液氧泵。
本发明所述粗氩Ⅰ塔的底部设置有氩馏分气体导入口，该氩馏分气体导入口与空分精馏塔的上塔设置的氩馏分气体出口连接；所述粗氩Ⅰ塔的顶部设置有粗氩气排出口，该粗氩气排出口通过管道连接于粗氩Ⅱ塔的底部导入口；所述粗氩Ⅱ塔上部冷凝器下方的粗液氩出口连接于纯氩塔中上部设置的粗液氩进口；并在纯氩塔的底部设置有纯液氩排出口；
所述的循环液氩泵分别连接于粗氩Ⅱ塔底部氩馏分出口与粗氩Ⅰ塔顶部回流液进口；所述循环液氧泵分别连接于粗氩Ⅰ塔底部粗液氧出口与该粗氩Ⅰ塔上塔回流口。
一种使用上述装置进行提取高纯液氩的方法，该方法使用的是一与所述粗氩Ⅰ塔中部位置相连通的原料粗液氩输入系统，所述的提取方法是：
来自多套空分装置排放的原料粗液氩经管道被集中送入粗液氩贮槽，再从贮槽经泵加压进入粗氩Ⅰ塔中部相应位置进行提纯精馏；
从空分精馏塔的上塔相应部位抽出含氩量约9.18％的氩馏分气体；氩馏分直接从粗氩Ⅰ塔的底部导入，同时将来自多套空分装置的粗液氩送入粗氩Ⅰ塔组份相近的位置；从粗氩Ⅱ塔底部排出的粗液氩经液氩泵加压后进入粗氩Ⅰ塔Ⅰ上部作为回流液；粗氩气自粗氩Ⅰ塔顶部排出，经粗氩Ⅱ塔底部导入；粗氩Ⅱ塔中的粗氩冷凝器采用过冷后的液空作冷源，粗氩Ⅱ塔上升气体在粗氩冷凝器中大部分被冷凝，液体返回粗氩Ⅱ塔顶部作为回流液，其余的粗液氩进入纯氩塔中继续精馏；
粗液氩从纯氩塔中上部进入，与此同时在纯氩塔中的纯氩蒸发器冷凝侧利用下塔压力氮作为热源，使纯氩塔底部的液氩蒸发，成为上升蒸气，而压力氮被冷凝成液氮并节流进入空分精馏塔的上塔；纯氩冷凝器利用过冷液氮作为冷源，冷却纯氩塔顶部的上升蒸气，使纯氩塔顶部产生回流液，以保证塔内的精馏，实现氩氮分离，从而在纯氩塔底部得到纯液氩；同时，在纯氩塔的顶部排放一定量的余气，保证精馏的正常进行。
本发明另一种使用上述装置进行提取高纯液氩的方法，该方法使用的是一与所述粗氩Ⅰ塔中部位置相连通的原料粗氩气输入系统，所述的提取方法是：
来自多套空分装置排放的原料粗氩气经管道被汇集后，经压缩机加压送入冷箱内板式换热器，经冷却后送入粗氩Ⅰ塔中部相应位置进行提纯精馏；
从空分精馏塔的上塔相应部位抽出含氩量约9.18％的氩馏分气体；氩馏分直接从粗氩Ⅰ塔的底部导入，同时将来自多套空分装置的粗氩气送入粗氩Ⅰ塔组份相近的位置；从粗氩Ⅱ塔底部排出的粗液氩经液氩泵加压后进入粗氩Ⅰ塔上部作为回流液；粗氩气自粗氩Ⅰ塔顶部排出，经粗氩Ⅱ塔底部导入；粗氩Ⅱ塔中的粗氩冷凝器采用过冷后的液空作冷源，粗氩Ⅱ塔上升气体在粗氩冷凝器中大部分被冷凝，液体返回粗氩Ⅱ塔顶部作为回流液，其余的粗氩气进入纯氩塔中继续精馏；
粗液氩从纯氩塔中上部进入，与此同时在纯氩塔中的纯氩蒸发器冷凝侧利用下塔压力氮作为热源，使纯氩塔底部的液氩蒸发，成为上升蒸气，而压力氮被冷凝成液氮并节流进入空分精馏塔的上塔；纯氩塔中的纯氩冷凝器利用过冷液氮作为冷源，冷却纯氩塔顶部的上升蒸气，使纯氩塔顶部产生回流液，以保证纯氩塔内的精馏，实现氩氮分离，从而在纯氩塔底部得到纯液氩；同时，在纯氩塔的顶部排放一定量的余气，保证精馏的正常进行。
本发明是对多套空分中的粗氩气或粗液氩进行提取纯液氩的装置和方法，它避免了对每套空分进行改造增加多套提氩系统，有效减少了设备的投资和工程总投资，最小限度的对设备进行改造，充分利用了单套空分设备氩提取系统的分离能力，同时能够变废为宝，有效的增加经济效益。
本发明具有以下特点：
1)本发明的原料气体为空分装置排放的粗氩气或粗液氩，单独对一套带增效塔的空分进行改造，增加提氩装置，避免了对每套空分进行改造增加多套提氩系统，有效减少了设备的投资和工程总投资。最小限度的对设备进行改造，充分利用了单套空分设备提氩系统的分离能力，同时能够变废为宝，有效的增加经济效益；
2)本发明还提供了粗氩气或粗液氩两种形式的原料来提取纯液氩，具有更广的适用性；
3)本发明所采用的制冷方法还可以通过向精馏塔补充液氮的方式来增大液氩产量，在液氩价格高于液氮价格时，可以通过类似置换的方式使得液氩多产。
附图说明
图1是本发明所述采用低温精馏法提取粗液氩获取纯液氩产品的装置流程示意图。
图2是本发明所述采用低温精馏法提取粗氩气获取纯液氩产品的装置流程示意图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合附图及实施例对本发明作详细的介绍：图1、2所示，本发明所述的利用多套空分制取的粗氩提取高纯液氩的装置,该装置主要包括：
—用于获得产品液氩的提纯系统，该系统至少包括：利用多套空分中的一套空分，并将该套空分中带有冷凝器1的增效塔作为粗氩Ⅱ塔，另配置有一台粗氩Ⅰ塔、一台含有冷凝器2和蒸发器3的纯氩塔4；
一与所述粗氩Ⅰ塔中部位置相连通的原料粗氩气或粗液氩输入系统，该系统至少包括如下装置中的一种：一将远距离布置多套空分装置排放的粗氩气5汇集于一体的汇集器6、以及将汇集后的粗氩气进行增压的压缩机7和将增压后的高温粗氩气冷却的板式换热器8；一将近距离布置多套空分装置排放的粗氩气汇集于一体的汇集器；或一将多套空分装置排放的粗液氩9作为原料回流液汇总在一起的贮槽10、以及将粗液氩9进行加压的粗液氩泵11；
至少—台用于液体回流的循环液氩泵12和一台循环液氧泵13。
图中所示，所述粗氩Ⅰ塔的底部设置有氩馏分气体导入口，该氩馏分气体导入口与空分精馏塔的上塔设置的氩馏分气体出口连接；所述粗氩Ⅰ塔的顶部设置有粗氩气排出口，该粗氩气排出口通过管道连接于粗氩Ⅱ塔的底部导入口；所述粗氩Ⅱ塔上部冷凝器下方的粗液氩出口连接于纯氩塔中上部设置的粗液氩进口；并在纯氩塔的底部设置有纯液氩排出口；
所述的循环液氩泵12分别连接于粗氩Ⅱ塔底部氩馏分出口与粗氩Ⅰ塔顶部回流液进口；所述循环液氧泵分别连接于粗氩Ⅰ塔底部粗液氧出口与空分精馏塔14的上塔回流口。
图1所示，本发明所述的一种使用所述装置进行提取高纯液氩的方法，该方法使用的是一与所述粗氩Ⅰ塔中部位置相连通的原料粗液氩输入系统，所述的提取方法是：
来自多套空分装置排放的原料粗液氩9经管道被集中送入粗液氩贮槽10，再从贮槽10经泵11加压进入粗氩Ⅰ塔中部相应位置进行提纯精馏；
从空分精馏塔14的上塔相应部位抽出含氩量约9.18％的氩馏分气体；氩馏分直接从粗氩Ⅰ塔的底部导入，同时将来自多套空分装置的粗液氩汇送入粗氩Ⅰ塔组份相近的位置；从粗氩Ⅱ塔底部排出的粗液氩经液氩泵12加压后进入粗氩Ⅰ塔上部作为回流液；粗氩气自粗氩Ⅰ塔顶部排出，经粗氩Ⅱ塔底部导入；粗氩Ⅱ塔中的粗氩冷凝器1采用过冷后的液空作冷源，粗氩Ⅱ塔上升气体在粗氩冷凝器1中大部分被冷凝，液体返回粗氩Ⅱ塔顶部作为回流液，其余的粗液氩进入纯氩塔4中继续精馏；
粗液氩从纯氩塔4中上部进入，与此同时在纯氩塔4中的纯氩蒸发器3冷凝侧利用下塔压力氮作为热源，使纯氩塔底部的液氩蒸发，成为上升蒸气，而压力氮被冷凝成液氮并节流进入空分精馏塔14的上塔；纯氩冷凝器2利用过冷液氮作为冷源，冷却纯氩塔4顶部的上升蒸气，使纯氩塔4顶部产生回流液，以保证塔内的精馏，实现氩氮分离，从而在纯氩塔4底部得到纯液氩15；同时，在纯氩塔4的顶部排放一定量的余气，保证精馏的正常进行。
图2所示，本发明所述的使用所述装置进行提取高纯液氩的方法，该方法使用的是一与所述粗氩Ⅰ塔中部位置相连通的原料粗氩气输入系统，所述的提取方法是：
来自多套空分装置排放的原料粗氩气5经管道6被汇集后，经压缩机7加压送入冷箱内板式换热器8，经冷却后送入粗氩Ⅰ塔中部相应位置进行提纯精馏；
从空分精馏塔14的上塔相应部位抽出含氩量约9.18％的氩馏分气体；氩馏分直接从粗氩Ⅰ塔的底部导入，同时将来自多套空分装置的粗氩气送入粗氩Ⅰ塔组份相近的位置；从粗氩Ⅱ塔底部排出的粗液氩经液氩泵12加压后进入粗氩Ⅰ塔上部作为回流液；粗氩气自粗氩Ⅰ塔顶部排出，经粗氩Ⅱ塔底部导入；粗氩Ⅱ塔中的粗氩冷凝器1采用过冷后的液空作冷源，粗氩Ⅱ塔上升气体在粗氩冷凝器1中大部分被冷凝，液体返回粗氩Ⅱ塔顶部作为回流液，其余的粗氩气进入纯氩塔4中继续精馏；
粗液氩从纯氩塔4中上部进入，与此同时在纯氩塔4中的纯氩蒸发器3冷凝侧利用下塔压力氮作为热源，使纯氩塔4底部的液氩蒸发，成为上升蒸气，而压力氮被冷凝成液氮并节流进入空分精馏塔14的上塔；纯氩塔4中的纯氩冷凝器2利用过冷液氮作为冷源，冷却纯氩塔4顶部的上升蒸气，使纯氩塔4顶部产生回流液，以保证纯氩塔4内的精馏，实现氩氮分离，从而在纯氩塔4底部得到纯液氩15；同时，在纯氩塔4的顶部排放一定量的余气，保证精馏的正常进行。
实施例：
本发明所述的一种提取多套空分粗氩制取纯氩的方法，它包括以下步骤：
a)来自多套空分装置排放的粗氩气作为原料气体汇总后，经过压缩机增压，得到的高温气体再经过板式换热器冷却为低温(接近粗氩塔温度)。再通入新增的粗氩Ⅰ塔的适当位置；
b)若多套空分距离较近，延程阻力较低，可直接抽取多套空分低温粗氩气汇总通入新增的粗氩Ⅰ塔的适当位置。(此段管道需做好保温，尽量降低冷损)
c)来自多套空分装置排放的粗液氩作为原料回流液汇总到贮槽后，通过粗液氩泵加压节流后送入粗氩Ⅰ塔的适当位置；
d)其中a、b、c作为部分原料气或液，在实施过程中可以三者中选择一种；
e)将原空分装置的增效塔作为粗氩Ⅱ塔，新增粗氩Ⅰ塔、纯氩系统及单独氩冷箱；
f)氩冷箱与主冷箱之间的接管采用隔箱保温；
g)在粗氩Ⅰ塔内，气态氩馏分沿填料盘上升，由于氧的沸点比氩高，故高沸点组分氧被大量地洗涤下来，形成回流液经氩馏分液体泵加压返回上塔。粗氩Ⅱ塔底部粗液氩经粗液氩泵加压返回粗氩Ⅰ塔上部作回流液。上升气体中的低沸点组分氩的含量不断提高，最后在粗氩Ⅱ塔顶部得到含氧≤1.5ppm、含氩～99.6％的粗氩气，粗氩气进入粗氩冷凝器中，一部分被液空冷凝成粗液氩，回流粗氩Ⅱ塔，剩余粗氩气进入粗氩液化器液化后再进入纯氩塔继续参与精馏(或者不采用粗氩液化器，粗氩气直接进入纯氩塔精馏)；
h)由于氮的沸点比氩的沸点低，因此含氮量约为0.4％的粗氩气在纯氩塔中得到进一步分离，最后在纯氩蒸发器底部得到含氩99.999％以上的纯液氩产品；
i)a、b、c中三种方式中任意一种在粗氩Ⅰ塔精馏的组分相近部位送入，在粗氩Ⅰ塔、粗氩Ⅱ塔、纯氩塔内参与精馏，其参与精馏的方式同g、h。原料气或液并入后，使得出粗氩Ⅱ塔的粗氩气量增大，纯氩塔需要处理的负荷也相应增大；
j)在粗氩冷凝器粗氩侧设置气相放空阀，考虑粗氩气放空，防止氮塞或堵塞超压；
k)在纯氩塔顶端设置气相放空阀，考虑余气放空。
一种能够执行本发明方法并具有工业化规模处理能力的提纯多套空分粗氩制取纯氩装置，该装置包含以下几个系统：
a)原料气或液输入系统：可以为1、一台粗氩气压缩机，用于原料粗氩气的增压，能够有足够压力将粗氩气输入到粗氩Ⅰ塔；一台板式换热器，用于冷却增压后的粗氩气。或为2、一台存放粗液氩的贮槽，2台粗液氩泵(一用一备)，用于将粗液氩输入到粗氩Ⅰ塔。
b)制冷系统：由于增加产品液氩的输出，故需要增大主空分膨胀机的膨胀量补充冷量。冷量不足时还需要降低空分本身其他液体产品产量来实现冷量的平衡。空分可以通过调节工况实现不同液体产品的需求。
c)提氩精馏系统：低温全精馏制氩的粗氩液化器(或无)、粗氩Ⅰ塔、纯氩塔组合置于氩冷箱内；粗氩Ⅱ塔(原空分增效塔)和粗氩冷凝器利用原空分设备。
d)循环液体泵：2台循环液氩泵(一用一备)：将粗氩Ⅱ塔底部氩馏分加压送入粗氩Ⅰ塔顶部作为回流液；2台循环液氧泵(一用一备)：将粗氩Ⅰ塔底部粗液氧加压送入到上塔中部作为上塔回流液。
d)自动控制系统：包括增加DCS系统测点；1套阀门，包括各种规格调节阀与手动阀；1套测量仪表，包括温度、压力、流量与液位测量仪表等；1套组分在线分析仪表。

Claims (4)

1.一种利用多套空分制取的粗氩提取高纯液氩的装置,其特征在于该装置主要包括：
—用于获得产品液氩的提纯系统，该系统至少包括：利用多套空分中的一套空分，并将该套空分中带有冷凝器的增效塔作为粗氩Ⅱ塔，另配置有一台粗氩Ⅰ塔、一台含有冷凝器和蒸发器的纯氩塔；
一与所述粗氩Ⅰ塔中部位置相连通的原料粗氩气或粗液氩输入系统，该系统至少包括如下装置中的一种：一将远距离布置多套空分装置排放的粗氩气汇集于一体的汇集器、以及将汇集后的粗氩气进行增压的压缩机和将增压后的高温粗氩气冷却的板式换热器；一将近距离布置多套空分装置排放的粗氩气汇集于一体的汇集器；或一将多套空分装置排放的粗液氩作为原料回流液汇总在一起的贮槽、以及将粗液氩进行加压的粗液氩泵；
至少—台用于液体回流的循环液氩泵和一台循环液氧泵。
2.根据权利要求1所述的利用多套空分制取的粗氩提取高纯液氩的装置,其特征在于所述粗氩Ⅰ塔的底部设置有氩馏分气体导入口，该氩馏分气体导入口与空分精馏塔的上塔设置的氩馏分气体出口连接；所述粗氩Ⅰ塔的顶部设置有粗氩气排出口，该粗氩气排出口通过管道连接于粗氩Ⅱ塔的底部导入口；所述粗氩Ⅱ塔上部冷凝器下方的粗液氩出口连接于纯氩塔中上部设置的粗液氩进口；并在纯氩塔的底部设置有纯液氩排出口；
所述的循环液氩泵分别连接于粗氩Ⅱ塔底部氩馏分出口与粗氩Ⅰ塔顶部回流液进口；所述循环液氧泵分别连接于粗氩Ⅰ塔底部粗液氧出口与该粗氩Ⅰ塔上塔回流口。
3.一种使用权利要求1或2所述装置进行提取高纯液氩的方法，其特征在于该方法使用的是一与所述粗氩Ⅰ塔中部位置相连通的原料粗液氩输入系统，所述的提取方法是：
来自多套空分装置排放的原料粗液氩经管道被集中送入粗液氩贮槽，再从贮槽经泵加压进入粗氩Ⅰ塔中部相应位置进行提纯精馏；
从空分精馏塔的上塔相应部位抽出含氩量约9.18%的氩馏分气体；氩馏分直接从粗氩Ⅰ塔的底部导入，同时将来自多套空分装置的粗液氩送入粗氩Ⅰ塔组份相近的位置；从粗氩Ⅱ塔底部排出的粗液氩经液氩泵加压后进入粗氩Ⅰ塔上部作为回流液；粗氩气自粗氩Ⅰ塔顶部排出，经粗氩Ⅱ塔底部导入；粗氩Ⅱ塔中的粗氩冷凝器采用过冷后的液空作冷源，粗氩Ⅱ塔上升气体在粗氩冷凝器中大部分被冷凝，液体返回粗氩Ⅱ塔顶部作为回流液，其余的粗氩气进入纯氩塔中继续精馏；
粗氩气从纯氩塔中上部进入，与此同时在纯氩塔中的纯氩蒸发器冷凝侧利用下塔压力氮作为热源，使纯氩塔底部的液氩蒸发，成为上升蒸气，而压力氮被冷凝成液氮并节流进入空分精馏塔的上塔；纯氩冷凝器利用过冷液氮作为冷源，冷却纯氩塔顶部的上升蒸气，使纯氩塔顶部产生回流液，以保证塔内的精馏，实现氩氮分离，从而在纯氩塔底部得到纯液氩；同时，在纯氩塔的顶部排放一定量的余气，保证精馏的正常进行。
4.一种使用权利要求1或2所述装置进行提取高纯液氩的方法，其特征在于该方法使用的是一与所述粗氩Ⅰ塔中部位置相连通的原料粗氩气输入系统，所述的提取方法是：
来自多套空分装置排放的原料粗氩气经管道被汇集后，经压缩机加压送入冷箱内板式换热器，经冷却后送入粗氩Ⅰ塔中部相应位置进行提纯精馏；
从空分精馏塔的上塔相应部位抽出含氩量约9.18%的氩馏分气体；氩馏分直接从粗氩Ⅰ塔的底部导入，同时将来自多套空分装置的粗氩气送入粗氩Ⅰ塔组份相近的位置；从粗氩Ⅱ塔底部排出的粗液氩经液氩泵加压后进入粗氩Ⅰ塔上部作为回流液；粗氩气自粗氩Ⅰ塔顶部排出，经粗氩Ⅱ塔底部导入；粗氩Ⅱ塔中的粗氩冷凝器采用过冷后的液空作冷源，粗氩Ⅱ塔上升气体在粗氩冷凝器中大部分被冷凝，液体返回粗氩Ⅱ塔顶部作为回流液，其余的粗氩气进入纯氩塔中继续精馏；
粗氩气从纯氩塔中上部进入，与此同时在纯氩塔中的纯氩蒸发器冷凝侧利用下塔压力氮作为热源，使纯氩塔底部的液氩蒸发，成为上升蒸气，而压力氮被冷凝成液氮并节流进入空分精馏塔的上塔；纯氩塔中的纯氩冷凝器利用过冷液氮作为冷源，冷却纯氩塔顶部的上升蒸气，使纯氩塔顶部产生回流液，以保证纯氩塔内的精馏，实现氩氮分离，从而在纯氩塔底部得到纯液氩；同时，在纯氩塔的顶部排放一定量的余气，保证精馏的正常进行。
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