CN113964925B - 一种利用液氢储能实现零碳排放连续供氢的氢电联产方法 - Google Patents

一种利用液氢储能实现零碳排放连续供氢的氢电联产方法 Download PDF

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CN113964925B
CN113964925B CN202111174643.4A CN202111174643A CN113964925B CN 113964925 B CN113964925 B CN 113964925B CN 202111174643 A CN202111174643 A CN 202111174643A CN 113964925 B CN113964925 B CN 113964925B
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张镇
陈小康
杨健
刘艳军
骆彩萍
王西峰
马冬雪
吴德意
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Hualu Engineering and Technology Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明涉及氢能和节能减排领域，具体公开了一种利用液氢储能实现零碳排放连续供氢的氢电联产方法，在光伏/风力发电装置工作间歇期，将提前储存好的液氢加压气化后，可以保证向下游连续稳定供应氢气。同时，液氢气化时可以提供高品质的‑250℃温位的冷能，可以依次通过液氮朗肯循环发电装置、乙烷朗肯循环发电装置、CO2朗肯循环发电装置、有机工质朗肯发电装置实现‑250℃～80℃温区的能量回收，实际应用时，可根据冷量和现场条件选择一种或几种朗肯循环发电装置组合。

Description

一种利用液氢储能实现零碳排放连续供氢的氢电联产方法
技术领域
本发明属于氢能和节能减排领域，具体涉及一种利用液氢储能实现零碳排放的氢电联产方法。
背景技术
目前，随着国家出台“碳达峰、碳中和”政策和限制“高耗能、高污染”化工项目政策，氢能产业发展迅猛，如何实现绿氢的高效制备、连续供氢和灰氢的大规模替代已成为研究热点。
我国的煤化工行业、石化行业大量使用着灰氢，有不少企业已尝试用绿氢替代灰氢，但是光伏发电的间歇性和下游大量连续用氢之间存在着巨大缺口，所以合理利用液氢储能、并结合冷能的高效梯级利用无疑是一个具有实际意义的方法。
液态储氢可以实现高密度、大储量的储氢，而能源梯级利用的优势在于将高品位的液氢冷能划分为几个不同的温区，实现绿电、绿氢、零碳排放、冷能利用的最优匹配，极大程度地实现绿色制氢、节能减碳，同时对于环境保护具有重大现实意义。
现有专利技术中，尚未有光伏发电、电解水制氢、储能装置、氢气液化、朗肯循环发电装置的有机耦合方法。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种利用液氢储能实现零碳排放连续供氢的氢电联产方法。该氢电联产方法既有效的克服了大规模光伏发电供氢的不连续性问题，又实现了液氢加压气化供氢气过程中的能量回收，极大的提高了能量利用效率，是一种零碳排放的绿氢制备方法。
一种利用液氢储能实现零碳排放连续供氢的氢电联产方法，包括如下步骤：
步骤一、光伏发电装置以光伏发电、风电装置以风力发电提供的可再生电源作为动力，通过电解水制氢装置生产氢气、氧气，剩余的可再生电源存储在储能装置内；
步骤二、光伏发电装置、风力发电装置连续稳定运行期间，一部分氢气通过氢气压缩单元加压后送往下游用氢装置，并同时按光伏发电装置间歇期的用氢量生产氢气，氧气作为副产品送下游工艺装置；
步骤三、通过电解水制氢装置生产的另一部分氢气通过氢气液化装置将氢气从常温降至-250℃后，以液态形式储存到液氢储存单元的液氢储槽中；
步骤四、液氢储存单元内的液氢通过泵加压后，采用氮气作热源将液氢气化至常温，然后送入氢气管网；液氢气化过程中，通过液氮朗肯循环发电装置回收-250℃温位的冷能；液氮气化过程中，通过乙烷朗肯循环发电装置回收-191℃温位的冷能；乙烷气化过程中，通过CO2朗肯循环发电装置回收-120℃温位的冷能；通过有机工质朗肯循环发电装置回收-77℃～80℃温区的能量。
进一步地，电解水制氢装置是以可再生电源作为能源将水分离成氢气和氧气。
进一步地，储能装置配有锂离子储能电池、铅酸蓄电池、全钒流储电池或其它形式的储能电池，将光照充裕期的富余电能储存起来，作为光照低谷期的补充电源。
进一步地，液氢气化过程中，通过氮气气化液氢，回收-250℃温位的冷能进行发电，并向电解水制氢装置提供电力。
进一步地，液氮气化过程中，通过乙烷气化液氮，回收-191℃温位的冷能进行发电，并向电解水制氢装置提供电力。
进一步地，乙烷气化过程中，通过CO2气化液态乙烷，回收-120℃温位的冷能进行发电，并向电解水制氢装置提供电力。
进一步地，CO2气化过程中，通过有机工质气化液态CO2，回收 -77℃～80℃温区的冷能进行发电，并向电解水制氢装置提供电力。
进一步地，液氢气化过程中，多级朗肯循环发电装置实现了液氢冷能梯级利用，可根据冷量和现场条件选择一种或几种朗肯循环发电装置组合,同时提供电解水制氢装置的电力供应，实现氢电联产。
进一步地，有机工质选择C3H8、C4H12、R1270、R134a或R245fa 。本发明具有以下优点：
1、采用光伏发电、风力发电提供电解水制氢装置所需的电力，实现了氢气的绿色制备。
2、通过氢气液化储氢，实现了氢气的高密度、大储量储氢。
3、通过锂离子储能电池、铅酸蓄电池、全钒流储电池或其它形式的储能电池，提高了备用率和可靠性。
4、液氢气化过程中，通过多级朗肯循环发电装置，实现了冷能的高效梯级利用，回收的电力再用于电解水制氢装置，提高了绿氢制备的效率和产能。
5、整个生产方法实现了零碳排放。
附图说明
图1为本发明的方法流程示意图。
其中：1—光伏发电装置、2—风电装置、3—储能装置、4—电解水制氢装置、5—氢气压缩单元、6—氢气液化装置、7—液氢储存单元、8—加压气化单元、9—液氮朗肯发电装置、10—乙烷朗肯发电装置、11—CO2朗肯发电装置、12—有机工质朗肯发电装置。
具体实施方式
如图1所示，本发明是以光伏发电、风力发电提供的可再生电源作为动力，配有恰当的储能装置，通过电解水制氢装置生产氢气、氧气，氢气可加压后送下游工艺装置作为原料气(如合成氨装置、乙二醇装置、甲醇装置、焦油加氢装置等)，氧气可以送下游工艺装置(如硫回收装置、湿式氧化装置、污水处理等)。
由于光伏发电装置、风力发电的周期性波动：(1)如一天二十四小时内，光伏发电装置只能连续稳定运行4～5小时左右，其余时间无法产生稳定电力，所以需要在工作的4～5小时内既提供当下使用的氢气，又需要提前生产其余时间所需的氢气；(2)风力发电受天气、风力变化的影响，在发电高峰工况时，富裕的氢气需要储存下来，补充发电低谷时的氢气供应。(3)配置一定比例的储能装置，作为储氢的补充，天气原因无法发电时，储氢又消耗完时，储能装置供电，实现稳定供氢。
氢气的储存有压力储氢、液态储氢、有机储氢等多种方式，但当氢气储量特别大的时候，只有液态储氢既可以实现高密度、大储量储氢，又可以实现高效的储能。
配有锂离子储能电池、铅酸蓄电池、全钒流储电池或其它形式的电池储能装置，与储氢共同配合，提高了连续供氢的可靠性和备用方式的多样性，实际应用时，可根据储能规模和现场条件，选择恰当的储能电池。
在光伏/风力发电装置工作间歇期，将提前储存好的液氢加压气化后，可以保证向下游连续稳定供应氢气。同时，液氢气化时可以提供高品质的-250℃温位的冷能，可以依次通过液氮朗肯循环发电装置、乙烷朗肯循环发电装置、CO2朗肯循环发电装置、有机工质朗肯发电装置实现-250℃～80℃温区的能量回收，实际应用时，可根据冷量和现场条件选择一种或几种朗肯循环发电装置组合。
本发明具体制备方法如下：
1、以光伏发电、风力发电提供的可再生电源作为动力，通过电解水制氢装置生产氢气、氧气；
2、光伏发电装置连续稳定运行期间，氢气加压后送往下游用氢装置，并同时按光伏发电装置间歇期的用氢量生产氢气；
3、提前生产的氢气通过氢气液化装置液化后储存，氢气液化装置可将氢气从常温降至-250℃后，以液态形式储存到液氢储槽中；
4、配有储能装置，当液氢储量不够或天气原因，可再生电源供电故障时，储能装置可保证连续提供新能源电力；
5、液氢加压气化后向管网补充氢气；
6、液氢气化过程中，通过液氮朗肯循环发电装置回收-250℃温位的冷能；液氮气化过程中，通过乙烷朗肯循环发电装置回收-191℃温位的冷能；乙烷气化过程中，通过CO2朗肯循环发电装置回收-120℃温位的冷能；通过有机工质朗肯循环发电装置回收-77℃～80℃温区的能量，有机工质可以选择C3H8、C4H12、R1270、R134a、R245fa 等。
液氢气化过程中，多级朗肯循环发电装置实现了液氢冷能梯级利用，可根据冷量和现场条件选择一种或几种朗肯循环发电装置组合,同时提供电解水制氢装置的电力供应，实现氢电联产。
以上所述，仅仅是本发明的具体实施方式，但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本领域的技术人员在本发明披露的技术范围内，可轻易想到的变化或替换，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围内。

Claims (4)

1.一种利用液氢储能实现零碳排放连续供氢的氢电联产方法，其特征在于包括以下步骤：
步骤一、光伏发电装置以光伏发电、风力发电装置以风力发电提供的可再生电源作为动力，通过电解水制氢装置生产氢气和氧气，剩余的可再生电源存储在储能装置内；
步骤二、光伏发电装置、风力发电装置连续稳定运行期间，一部分氢气通过氢气压缩单元加压后送往下游用氢装置，并同时按光伏发电装置间歇期的用氢量生产氢气，氧气作为副产品送往下游工艺装置；
步骤三、通过电解水制氢装置生产的另一部分氢气通过氢气液化装置将氢气从常温降至-250℃后，以液态形式储存到液氢储存单元的液氢储槽中，在光伏发电装置、风力发电装置工作间歇期，将提前储存的液氢加压气化后，向下游用氢装置连续稳定供应氢气；
步骤四、液氢气化过程中，采用多级朗肯循环发电装置实现液氢冷能梯级利用，提供电解水制氢装置的电力供应，实现氢电联产，具体如下：
液氢储存单元内的液氢通过泵加压后，采用氮气作热源将液氢气化至常温，然后送入氢气管网；
液氢气化过程中，采用液氮朗肯循环发电装置，通过氮气气化液氢，回收-250℃温位的冷能进行发电，并向电解水制氢装置提供电力；
液氮气化过程中，采用乙烷朗肯循环发电装置，通过乙烷气化液氮，回收-191℃温位的冷能进行发电，并向电解水制氢装置提供电力；
乙烷气化过程中，采用CO2朗肯循环发电装置，通过CO2气化液态乙烷，回收-120℃温位的冷能进行发电，并向电解水制氢装置提供电力；
CO2气化过程中，采用有机工质朗肯循环发电装置，通过有机工质气化液态CO2，回收-77℃～80℃温区的冷能进行发电，并向电解水制氢装置提供电力。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种利用液氢储能实现零碳排放连续供氢的氢电联产方法，其特征是，电解水制氢装置是以可再生电源作为能源将水分离成氢气和氧气。
3.如权利要求1所述的一种利用液氢储能实现零碳排放连续供氢的氢电联产方法，其特征是，储能装置配有锂离子储能电池、铅酸蓄电池、全钒流储电池或其它形式的储能电池，将光照充裕期的富余电能储存起来，作为光照低谷期的补充电源。
4.如权利要求1所述的一种利用液氢储能实现零碳排放连续供氢的氢电联产方法，其特征是，有机工质选择C3H8、C4H12、R1270、R134a或R245fa。
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