CN114377715B - 一种钴掺杂碳点纳米酶及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种钴掺杂碳点纳米酶及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种钴掺杂碳点纳米酶及其制备方法和应用,所述钴掺杂碳点纳米酶是以维生素B12和无水柠檬酸为原料,通过一步热解法制备的。钴掺杂碳点纳米酶表现出了高的类过氧化物酶活性,对底物H2O2的米氏常数为0.0598mM,说明钴掺杂碳点纳米酶与H2O2具有很高的亲和力。并且,钴掺杂碳点纳米酶可以与葡萄糖氧化酶的级联反应,通过比色法用于葡萄糖的灵敏测定,最低检出限可低至0.37μM。同时碳点纳米酶作为化学动力学试剂,通过碳点中的钴离子介导的类Fenton反应可产生多种活性氧,从而诱导细胞凋亡,表现出抗肿瘤效果,可在制备抗肿瘤化学动力治疗试剂中应用。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及碳点纳米酶,具体涉及一种钴掺杂碳点纳米酶及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
葡萄糖是自然界分布最为广泛且最重要的一种单糖,是活细胞的能量来源和新陈代谢中间产物,是生物的主要供能物质。血糖水平与很多人类的疾病密切相关,血糖水平超出正常范围的波动可能导致严重的并发症,例如心脏病、肾衰竭、神经损伤和失明。因此,葡萄糖的精确测量对于糖尿病的诊断和治疗具有重要意义。
肿瘤是当今严重损害人类健康的重大疾病之一。在目前成熟的治疗方案中,化疗和放疗等传统疗法的疗效显著,但是都有其自身的局限性,会对患者造成严重的毒副作用。化学动力学疗法作为一种新兴的癌症治疗策略,在肿瘤治疗领域受到了广泛关注。它是基于在芬顿试剂的催化下,在肿瘤区域将H2O2原位转化为高细胞毒性的羟基自由基从而引发细胞凋亡,抑制肿瘤生长。鉴于H2O2在肿瘤微环境中过度表达的特点,羟基自由基仅在肿瘤区域产生,对正常组织几乎没有伤害,这使得化学动力学疗法成为了一种“绿色疗法”。
天然酶在温和的反应条件下具有高活性和高底物特异性。然而,酶的实际应用往往受到其固有缺点的阻碍,例如催化活性对环境条件的敏感性,制备和纯化具有较高的成本,以及较低的操作稳定性。因此,迫切需要发现并开发人工酶来克服天然酶的这些缺点。与天然酶相比,纳米酶更容易生产,成本更低,在各种生物医学应用中具有更高的催化稳定性。通过调节纳米酶的形态和组成,可以使其催化活性达到与天然酶相同的水平。同时金属的多价性和高自旋性使其能高效地将H2O2转化为羟基自由基,在环境检测和生物医学应用中显示出较大的潜力。
发明内容
为解决上述技术问题,本发明的目的在于提供一种性质优异的钴掺杂碳点纳米酶(Co-CDs)及其制备方法和应用;所述制备方法简便,原料来源广泛;所制备的Co-CDs可用于葡萄糖的灵敏测定,也可以作为化学动力学试剂用于肿瘤治疗。
本发明提供的一种钴掺杂碳点纳米酶的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
1)、将(0.1-0.5g)维生素B12和(0.5-2.0g)无水柠檬酸置于烧杯中,加入适量超纯水并超声至全部溶解。将反应混合物转移至三颈圆底烧瓶中,于160-200℃,转速200-500rpm条件下反应,当溶液成凝胶状时缓慢滴加超纯水,维持凝胶状2-4h,得到红色凝胶状产物;
2)、待产物冷却,将产物用超纯水溶解,离心后取上清液,并用0.22μm滤膜过滤,得到红色钴掺杂碳点纳米酶溶液;
3)、将上述钴掺杂碳点纳米酶溶液冷冻干燥后得到红色的钴掺杂碳点纳米酶固体粉末。
上述方法制备的钴掺杂碳点纳米酶性质稳定,具有良好的水溶性和分散性,通过TEM表征可看出其形貌为单分散准球形颗粒,通过XPS表征可以看出Co元素成功掺杂进碳点中。该钴掺杂碳点纳米酶为一种类过氧化物酶,根据双倒数作图法,计算出碳点纳米酶对底物H2O2和3,3’5,5’-四甲基联苯胺(TMB)的米氏常数Km分别为0.0598mM和0.8101mM,说明钴掺杂碳点纳米酶与H2O2具有很高的亲和力。钴掺杂碳点纳米酶可以通过与葡萄糖氧化酶的级联反应,通过比色法用于葡萄糖的灵敏测定。该方法在葡萄糖浓度为0.5μM-200μM范围内具有良好的线性关系,最低检出限可达0.37μM。同时,钴掺杂碳点纳米酶作为化学动力学试剂,可通过钴离子介导的类Fenton反应,将H2O2转化为有毒的羟基自由基,并进一步转化为超氧阴离子和单线态氧,三种活性氧共同作用,对肿瘤细胞具有杀伤能力,从而达到抗肿瘤作用。
本发明提供的一种用钴掺杂碳点纳米酶检测葡萄糖的方法,具体检测步骤为:
1)、配置浓度为0.375mg/mL,pH=4的如上所述钴掺杂碳点纳米酶溶液;
2)、配置浓度为1mg/mL pH=7葡萄糖氧化酶溶液;浓度为5mM TMB溶液;
3)、分别配置浓度为5,10,20,50,100,200,500,1000,1500,2000,3750,5000μM,pH=7的葡萄糖溶液;
4)、把100μL 1mg/mL葡萄糖氧化酶溶液,分别分散到200μL不同浓度为葡萄糖溶液中,放入37℃恒温器中反应20min,然后依次加入100μL 5mM TMB溶液,1600μL 0.375mg/mL钴掺杂碳点纳米酶溶液,放入40℃恒温器中反应40min后记录652nm处的紫外吸光度变化,计算钴掺杂碳点纳米酶检测葡萄糖的检出限,线性范围和标准曲线;
5)、定量检测:测定待测样品与0.05mg/mL葡萄糖氧化酶溶液,0.25mM TMB溶液以及0.3mg/mL钴掺杂碳点纳米酶反应后652nm处的紫外吸光强度,通过步骤4中获得的标准曲线,得到待测样品中葡萄糖的含量。
本发明具有以下有益技术效果:
(1)本发明提供的钴掺杂碳点纳米酶是以维生素B12和无水柠檬酸为原料,通过凝胶法制备的,制备过程简便快速,原料来源广泛,均是环保的生物质化合物,且只需利用一步反应即可得到目标的钴掺杂碳点纳米酶,无需繁琐的纯化过程。
(2)本发明提供的钴掺杂碳点纳米酶是一种类过氧化物酶,具有高活性,高底物特异性和高的催化稳定性。相比于天然过氧化物酶—辣根过氧化酶对H2O2表现出更高的亲和力,可通过与葡萄糖氧化酶的级联反应快速灵敏的检测葡萄糖。
(3)本发明提供的碳点纳米酶成功掺杂钴元素,由于钴离子的多价性碳点纳米酶可以作为化学动力学试剂,通过钴离子介导的类Fenton反应,将H2O2转化为有毒的羟基自由基,并进一步转化为超氧阴离子和单线态氧,三种活性氧共同作用,对肿瘤细胞具有杀伤能力,从而达到抗肿瘤作用。同时鉴于H2O2在肿瘤微环境中过度表达的特点,活性氧仅在肿瘤区域产生,对正常组织几乎没有伤害,因此可实现癌细胞的靶向杀伤效果。
附图说明
图1为实施例1制备的碳点纳米酶的透射电镜图(TEM);
图2为实施例1制备的碳点纳米酶的红外光谱图;
图3为实施例1制备的碳点纳米酶的X射线光电子能谱图(XPS);
图4为不同反应体系(a)碳点纳米酶,(b)碳点纳米酶+TMB,(c)碳点纳米酶+TMB+H2O2的紫外吸收光谱和比色照片(插图);
图5为实施例1制备的碳点纳米酶与H2O2反应后的的电子自旋共振光谱图(ESR);
图6为实施例1制备的碳点纳米酶与不同浓度葡萄糖溶液(0.5-500μM)反应后的紫外吸光度变化图(A)及其在0.5-200μM范围内的线性关系图(B);
图7为实施例1制备的碳点纳米酶检测葡萄糖的选择性对比图;
图8为实施例1制备的碳点纳米酶在细胞中的活性图(a)MPC5细胞,(b)A549细胞,(c)A549细胞+H2O2;
图9为经实施例1制备的碳点纳米酶(300μg/mL)处理后不同细胞的存活状态的染色图。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明做详细说明,实施例给出了详细的实施方式和具体的操作过程,但本发明的保护范围不限于下述的实施例。
实施例1
碳点纳米酶的制备方法:
1)、分别取0.1g维生素B12和1g无水柠檬酸置于烧杯中,用20mL超纯水超声至全部溶解。将反应混合物转移至三颈圆底烧瓶中,加入磁力搅拌子,于180℃,300rpm条件下反应,当溶液成凝胶状时缓慢滴加超纯水,维持凝胶状3h,得到红色凝胶状产物;
2)、待产物冷却,将产物用20mL超纯水溶解,8000rpm离心10min后取上清液,并用0.22μm滤膜过滤,得到红色碳点纳米酶溶液;
3)、将上述碳点纳米酶水溶液冷冻干燥后得到红色的碳点纳米酶固体状粉末。
实施例2
将实施例1制备的碳点纳米酶进行TEM扫描,红外吸收光谱和XPS能谱表征(见图1-3),结果表明碳点纳米酶平均粒径在3.62nm左右,呈均匀的球形分散性分布,主要含有C、N、O、Co四种元素。
实施例3
配置实施例1制备的浓度为0.3mg/mL,pH=4的钴掺杂碳点纳米酶溶液,加入H2O2(0.1mM)和TMB(0.25mM),40℃反应40min后在652nm出现了显著的吸光度(图4),这意味着碳点纳米酶具有较高的类过氧化物酶活性,可以催化氧化TMB变为蓝色产oxTMB。图4插图为(a)浅粉色的碳点纳米酶溶液,(b)趋于无色的碳点纳米酶溶液与TMB混合液,(c)蓝色的碳点纳米酶溶液、TMB及H2O2的混合液。
实施例4
将实施例1制备的碳点纳米酶(0.3mg/mL)与H2O2(5mM)反应40min,5,5-二甲基-1-吡咯啉-N-氧化物(DMPO)(250mM)和四甲基哌啶氧化物(TEMP)(250mM)为捕获剂,对羟基自由基,超氧阴离子和单线态氧的电子自旋共振波谱的扫描。如图5所示,相对强度为1:2:2:1的四线信号是DMPO/羟基自由基加和的特征谱(A)。相对强度为1:1:1:1的四线信号是DMPO/超氧阴离子加和的特征谱(B)。相对强度为1:1:1的三线信号是TEMP/单线态氧加和的特征谱(C)。这些数据证实钴掺杂碳点纳米酶在H2O2的存在下,可以生成包括羟基自由基,超氧阴离子和单线态氧的多种活性氧。
实施例5
把100μL 1mg/mL葡萄糖氧化酶溶液,分别加入到200μL不同浓度为葡萄糖溶液(0.5-500μM)中,放入37℃恒温器中反应20min,然后依次加入100μL 5mM TMB溶液,1600μL0.375mg/mL碳点纳米酶溶液,放入40℃恒温器中反应40min后记录652nm处的吸光度变化(图6A)。该方法在0.5μM-200μM范围内呈现出良好的线性相关性,A652nm=0.00284[Glu]+0.26496,葡萄糖的最低检出限为0.37μM(图6B)。表明钴掺杂碳点纳米酶通过与葡萄糖氧化酶的级联反应,可用于葡萄糖的灵敏测定。
实施例6
把100μL 1mg/mL葡萄糖氧化酶溶液,分别分散到200μL 50mM的果糖、乳糖、蔗糖、麦芽糖和5mM的葡萄糖溶液中,放入37℃恒温器中反应20min,然后依次加入100μL 5mM TMB溶液,1600μL 0.375mg/mL碳点纳米酶溶液,放入40℃恒温器中反应40min后记录652nm处的吸光度变化。如图7所示,在对照组的浓度比葡萄糖浓度高10倍的情况下,葡萄糖的吸光度还远远高于对照组,说明所构建的基于钴掺杂碳点纳米酶的比色检测体系对葡萄糖的检测表现出良好的选择性。
实施例7
选用小鼠肾足MPC5细胞和人肺癌A549细胞为模型,采用MTT标准法检测碳点纳米酶溶液的细胞毒性。如图8中所示,用不同浓度的碳点纳米酶溶液与正常细胞MPC5细胞共孵育24小时后,即使碳点纳米酶的浓度达到500μg/mL,MPC5细胞的存活率仍高于95%,说明碳点纳米酶对正常细胞毒性非常低,具有良好的生物相容性。用不同浓度的碳点纳米酶溶液与A549癌细胞共孵育24小时后,A549细胞的存活率低于50%,说明碳点纳米酶作为化学动力学试剂对肿瘤细胞具有杀伤能力。当加入H2O2后A549细胞的存活率低于20%,表明在癌细胞中的H2O2含量的提升促进了钴掺杂碳点纳米酶介导的类Fenton反应释放更多的活性氧,从而杀死细胞。
实施例8
使用钙黄绿素-AM和碘化吡啶啶(PI)对细胞进行染色,通过共聚焦显微成像对活细胞(绿色)和死细胞(红色)进行区分,以直观地确定碳点纳米酶作为化学动力学试剂对肿瘤细胞的杀伤能力。由图9中各处理组活死细胞染色情况可知,碳点纳米酶处理后的MPC5细胞在细胞成像中呈现明亮绿色荧光,表现出了良好的活性,说明碳点纳米酶对于正常细胞活性基本没有影响。但钴掺杂碳点纳米酶与A549癌细胞共孵育后,细胞成像图中出现了发红色荧光的死细胞,说明钴掺杂碳点纳米酶可作为化学动力学试剂,通过钴离子介导的类Fenton反应,与癌细胞中过表达的H2O2反应产生过量的具有毒性的活性氧,诱导癌细胞凋亡,对肿瘤细胞具有杀伤能力。当在与钴掺杂碳点共孵育的癌细胞中加入H2O2后,使凋亡癌细胞进一步增多,细胞成像图呈现大量发红色荧光的死细胞,说明H2O2促进了类Fenton反应进一步诱导细胞凋亡。
Claims (5)
1.一种钴掺杂碳点纳米酶的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
1)、将0.1-0.5g维生素B12和0.5-2.0g无水柠檬酸置于容器中,加入适量超纯水并超声至全部溶解;将反应混合物,置于160-200℃转速200-500rpm条件下反应,当溶液成凝胶状时缓慢滴加超纯水,维持凝胶状2-3h,得到红色凝胶状产物;
2)、待产物冷却,将产物用超纯水溶解,离心后取上清液,并用0.22μm滤膜过滤,得到红色碳点纳米酶溶液;
3)、将上述红色碳点纳米酶溶液冷冻干燥后得到红色的钴掺杂碳点纳米酶固体粉末。
2.如权利要求1所述方法制备的钴掺杂碳点纳米酶。
3.如权利要求2所述的钴掺杂碳点纳米酶作为葡萄糖检测试剂的应用。
4.一种检测葡萄糖的方法,其特征在于步骤为:
1)、配置浓度为0.375mg/mL、pH=4的权利要求2所述钴掺杂碳点纳米酶溶液;
2)、配置浓度为1mg/mL、pH=7的葡萄糖氧化酶溶液;浓度为5mM的3,3’5,5’-四甲基联苯胺TMB溶液;
3)、分别配置浓度为5,10,20,50,100,200,500,1000,1500,2000,3750,5000μM,pH=7的葡萄糖溶液;
4)、把100μL 1mg/mL葡萄糖氧化酶溶液,分别分散到200μL不同浓度为葡萄糖溶液中,放入37℃恒温器中反应20min,然后依次加入100μL 5mM TMB溶液,1600μL 0.375mg/mL碳点纳米酶溶液,放入40℃恒温器中反应40min,记录652nm处的紫外吸光度变化,计算钴掺杂碳点纳米酶检测葡萄糖的检出限,线性范围和标准曲线;
5)、定量检测:测定待测样品与0.05mg/mL葡萄糖氧化酶溶液,0.25mM TMB溶液以及0.3mg/mL碳点纳米酶反应后在652nm处的紫外吸光强度,通过步骤4)中获得的标准曲线,得到待测样品中葡萄糖的含量。
5.如权利要求2所述的钴掺杂碳点纳米酶在制备抗肿瘤化学动力治疗试剂中的应用。
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