CN114376080A - 含有氨基酸的奶牛饲料添加剂、制备方法及应用 - Google Patents
含有氨基酸的奶牛饲料添加剂、制备方法及应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于饲料添加剂领域,公开了一种含有氨基酸的奶牛饲料添加剂、制备方法及应用,是取复合维生素、复合氨基酸、中草药混合物和牛至油预混剂等原料,经混合风干、粉碎过筛制备而成。本发明的制备方法适用于制备含有氨基酸的奶牛饲料添加剂,所得奶牛饲料添加剂适合混拌于饲料中用以饲喂奶牛,用于补充奶牛生长所需的蛋白质,促进奶牛生长发育,增强奶牛免疫力,提高奶牛产奶质量,以降低奶牛乳腺因引发炎症的风险。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于饲料添加剂领域,涉及一种饲料添加剂、其制备方法及应用,具体地说是一种含有氨基酸的奶牛饲料添加剂、制备方法及应用。
背景技术
目前来说,养殖业存在各种饲料添加剂和抗生素滥用的问题,直接污染周围的土壤、水源和空气等,同时也给人们的饮食安全带来巨大的隐患。因此,近期农业农村部发布公告194号规定,按照《遏制细菌耐药国家行动计划(2016-2020年)》等相关文件部署,我国将退出除中药外的所有促生长类药物饲料添加剂的使用。
面对药物饲料添加剂的停用,需要寻得其替代品,目前市场上代替药物饲料添加剂的产品主要有微生态类饲料添加剂、益生菌类饲料添加剂及天然草本植物类饲料添加剂等。其中,微生态类饲料添加剂和益生菌类饲料添加剂,生产过程过于繁琐,前期准备工作较多,例如微生态的建立、菌株的培养以及筛选等,都需要大量的时间成本,短期内无法满足因促生长类药物饲料添加剂的退出而产生的饲料添加剂的空白,且微生态类饲料添加剂和益生菌类饲料添加剂能够起到的作用有限,主要用于维护动物体内益生菌菌落平衡,并且存在保质期短、对保存环境要求高等问题。
发明内容
为解决现有技术中存在的以上不足,本发明旨在提供一种含有氨基酸的奶牛饲料添加剂、制备方法及应用,以达到补充奶牛生长所需的营养元素,促进奶牛生长发育,提高奶牛产奶质量的目的。
为实现上述目的,本发明所采用的技术方案如下:
一种含有氨基酸的奶牛饲料添加剂,以重量份数计,制成它的有效成分的原料包括:复合维生素 10~30份、复合氨基酸 15~25份、中草药混合物 25~65份和牛至油预混剂 10~30份;
作为本发明的限定,以重量份数计,制成复合维生素的有效成分的原料包括:维生素A2~5份、维生素D3 0.5~1.5份、维生素E 2~7份、维生素B1 1~3份和维生素C 6.5~17.5份;
作为本发明的另一种限定,以重量份数计,制成复合氨基酸的有效成分的原料包括:赖氨酸 4~7份、甲硫氨酸2~3.5份、色氨酸 0.5~1份、苯丙氨酸2~3份、苏氨酸 2.9~3.2份、亮氨酸1.2~1.7份、异亮氨酸1~1.5份和缬氨酸4~7份;
作为本发明的第三种限定,以重量份数计,制成中药混合物的有效成分的原料:蒲公英10~15份、金银花10~25份和黄芪多糖5~25份;
作为本发明的第四种限定,所述牛至油预混剂为白炭黑、石粉、麸皮及稻糠中的至少一种和牛至油混合而成;
作为本发明的第五种限定,所述牛至油预混剂为牛至油的含量为10~30%;
本发明还提供了含有氨基酸的奶牛饲料添加剂的一种制备方法,是取所有原料,混合风干,所得混合物料粉碎过50~150目筛,即得奶牛专用的饲料添加剂;
作为本发明的其它限定,混合风干后,所得混合物料的含水量为0~5%;
本发明也提供了含有氨基酸的奶牛饲料添加剂的一种应用,所述含有氨基酸的奶牛饲料添加剂用于饲喂奶牛,以补充奶牛生长所需的蛋白质,促进奶牛生长发育,增强奶牛免疫力,提高奶牛产奶质量,以降低奶牛乳腺因细菌引发炎症的风险。
由于采用了上述的技术方案,本发明与现有技术相比,所取得的有益效果是:
(1)本发明提供的含有氨基酸的奶牛饲料添加剂中含有多种氨基酸,如赖氨酸、色氨酸等,其中赖氨酸易溶于水,与其它氨基酸相比,赖氨酸是通过口服最容易吸收的一种。摄入体内的赖氨酸,首先以主动转运的方式从小肠腔进入小肠粘膜细胞,然后通过门静脉进入肝脏;在肝脏,赖氨酸与其它氨基酸一起参与蛋白质的合成。赖氨酸的分解代谢也在肝脏中进行,它与酮戊二酸缩合形成酵母氨基酸,酵母氨基酸再转变为L-α-氨基己二酸半醛,最终转化生成乙酰辅酶A。与其它氨基酸不同,赖氨酸不参与转氨基作用,且脱氨基反应不可逆,因此赖氨酸的分解代谢极为特殊。赖氨酸是生糖兼生酮氨基酸,因此可以参与形成D-葡萄糖、糖原、脂类,最终产生能量;甲硫氨酸可以促进肝细胞膜磷脂甲基化,使膜流动性增强Na+、K+ -ATP酶泵作用强,可以减少肝细胞内胆汁的淤积,转硫基作用加强,从而增强了肝细胞内半胱氨酸、谷胱苷肽及牛磺酸的合成,减少了胆汁酸在肝内聚积,加强了解毒作用,有利于肝细胞恢复正常生理功能;色氨酸可参与动物体内血浆蛋白质的更新,并可促使核黄素发挥作用,还有助于烟酸及血红素的合成,可显著增加怀孕动物胎仔体内抗体,对泌乳期的乳牛和母猪有促进泌乳作用;苯丙氨酸是具有生理活性的芳香族氨基酸,是人体和动物不能靠自身自然合成的必需氨基酸之一;苏氨酸是一种含有一个醇式羟基的脂及族α氨基酸,其中,L-苏氨酸是组成蛋白质的20种氨基酸中的一种,有两个不对称碳原子,具有4种异构体,是哺乳动物的必需氨基酸和生酮氨基酸;亮氨酸与异亮氨酸和缬氨酸一起合作修复肌肉,控制血糖,并给身体组织提供能量。它还提高生长激素的产量,并帮助燃烧内脏脂肪,它们都是支链氨基酸,它们有助于促进训练后的肌肉恢复。其在维生素的配合下,合成奶牛生长所需的蛋白质,促进奶牛生长发育,避免由于奶牛体内缺乏氨基酸而导致发育迟缓,甚至停滞以及皮肤粗糙、癞皮、无繁殖能力等;
(2)本发明提供的含有氨基酸的奶牛饲料添加剂中含有中草药成分,其中蒲公英清热解毒、消肿散结、利水,能显著抑制金黄色葡萄球菌、溶血性链球菌、大肠杆菌、铜绿假单胞菌等多种细菌生长,其煎剂对金黄色葡萄球菌的MIC为0.5g/ml,蒲公英的抗菌机制是通过抑制菌体细胞壁合成,抑制蛋白质和DNA的合成来实现的;
金银花清热解毒、散热疏风。蒲公英与金银花对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的MIC为0.063g/ml;
黄芪多糖益气固本,诱导产生干扰素,调节机体免疫功能,促进抗体形成;
所以,添加上述中草药成分可以提高奶牛的免疫力,在代替传统药物的同时降低奶牛常见病的发病率;
(3)本发明提供的含有氨基酸的奶牛饲料添加剂中的牛至油,配合氨基酸参与奶牛的新陈代谢,能够抑制奶牛体表细菌生长,降低奶牛泌乳时有细菌引起炎症的风险;
(4)本发明提供的含有氨基酸的奶牛饲料添加剂中合理配比中草药、复合氨基酸以及复合维生素,能够达到促进奶牛消化吸收;
(5)本发明提供的含有氨基酸的奶牛饲料添加剂的制备方法过程中,经混合后的物料进行风干,降低各个原料的含水量,使得后续的粉碎过程更容易进行,也可以避免粉碎时产生水分使得配料比例发生改变;
综上所述,本发明所提供的含有氨基酸的奶牛饲料添加剂,能够补充奶牛生长所需的蛋白质,促进奶牛生长发育,增强奶牛免疫力,提高奶牛产奶质量。
本发明的制备方法适用于制备含有氨基酸的奶牛饲料添加剂,制得的含有氨基酸的奶牛饲料添加剂用于添加至水中饲喂奶牛,以补充奶牛生长所需的蛋白质,促进奶牛生长发育,增强奶牛免疫力,提高奶牛产奶质量,降低奶牛乳腺因细菌引发炎症的风险。
具体实施方式
结合以下优选实施例对本发明进行说明。应当理解,此处所描述的优选实施例仅用于说明和理解本发明,并不用于限定本发明。
实施例1 一种含有氨基酸的奶牛饲料添加剂的制备方法
一种含有氨基酸的奶牛饲料添加剂,制备它的过程如下:
称取2 kg维生素A、0.8 kg维生素D3、3 kg维生素E、2.2 kg维生素B1、12.1 kg维生素C、5 kg赖氨酸、2.3 kg甲硫氨酸、0.6 kg色氨酸、2.1 kg苯丙氨酸、3 kg苏氨酸、1.5 kg亮氨酸、1.1 kg异亮氨酸、4 kg缬氨酸、12 kg蒲公英、10 kg金银花、24 kg黄芪多糖和15 kg牛至油预混剂(牛至油含量为10%),混合均匀后风干至含水量为5%,,得混合物料M1, 经检测M1的含水量为5%,再经粉碎、过50目筛,即得含有氨基酸的奶牛饲料添加剂,标记为N1。
实施例2~6 含有氨基酸的奶牛饲料添加剂的制备方法
实施例2~6分别提供一种含有氨基酸的奶牛饲料添加剂的制备方法,它们的制备方法及工艺参数,具体如下:
1)取维生素A、维生素D3、维生素E、维生素B1和维生素C,混合均匀,即得复合维生素,实施例2~6中复合维生素的原料用量见表1:
表1 制备复合维生素的原料用量关系一览表
2)取赖氨酸、甲硫氨酸、色氨酸、苯丙氨酸、苏氨酸、亮氨酸、异亮氨酸和缬氨酸,混合均匀,即得复合氨基酸,实施例2~6中复合氨基酸的原料用量见表2:
表2 制备复合氨基酸的原料用量关系一览表
3)取蒲公英、金银花以及黄芪多糖,混合均匀,即得中草药混合物,实施例2~6中的中草药混合物的原料用量见表3:
表3 制备中草药混合物的原料用量关系一览表
4)取复合维生素、复合氨基酸、中草药混合物以及牛至油预混剂,混合均匀,风干、粉碎、过筛,即得含有氨基酸的奶牛饲料添加剂,实施例2~6中含有氨基酸的奶牛饲料添加剂的原料用量见表4:
表4 制备含有氨基酸的奶牛饲料添加剂工艺参数一览表
需要说明的是,实施例1~6中所制备的含有氨基酸的奶牛饲料添加剂可以经通用方法加工制成包括片状、粉末状、溶液、膏状等多种状态的饲料添加剂,可以将实施例1~6所提供的含有氨基酸的奶牛饲料添加剂添加至奶牛的饲料或饮用水中,饲喂奶牛。
实施例7 含有氨基酸的奶牛饲料添加剂的奶牛喂食实验
将实施例1~6中提供的含有氨基酸的奶牛饲料添加剂N1~N6分别与普瑞尔奶牛饲料(北京科瑞大地生物技术有限公司,25kg/袋)混合,一一对应制得混合饲料SN1~SN6,且饲料添加剂的含量为0.1%。
随机选取处在同一生理时期,且体重相近的健康奶牛80头,其中雌雄各半,分别设置为空白组、对照组和试验组P1~P6,共8组,每组10头。 其中,空白组喂食未添加饲料添加剂的奶牛饲料;对照组饲喂添加了常用饲料添加剂的奶牛饲料,且饲料添加剂的添加量为奶牛饲料饲喂量的0.1%;试验组P1~P6一一对应喂食混合饲料SN1~SN6。所有组均是每次喂食饲料25 kg,每日喂食三次,持续喂养2个月,奶牛的生活环境及其他养殖条件均相同,具体实验数据见表5。
表5 奶牛喂食实验数据表
如表5所示,空白组中的奶牛虽然也有增重,但是体重增加缓慢,同时常见病发病率高,奶牛的精神状况也很差;对照组以及各个试验组的奶牛均是增重迅速,与空白组相比,对照组和试验组的常见病发病率有所降低,奶牛的精神状况也比空白组好;而各个试验组中的奶牛生长发育效果提升明显,增重比例高于对照组中的奶牛,而且奶牛的常见病发病率对比对照组中的奶牛进一步降低,奶牛的精神状态也得到更进一步的改善,所以,本发明所提供的含有氨基酸的奶牛添加剂可以补充奶牛生长所需的蛋白质,促进奶牛生长发育,增强奶牛免疫力,提高奶牛产奶质量,以降低奶牛乳腺因细菌引发炎症的风险。
需要说明的是,以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已,并不用于限制本发明,尽管参照上述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明,对于本领域技术人员来说,其依然可以对上述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改,或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (10)
1.一种含有氨基酸的奶牛饲料添加剂,其特征在于:以重量份数计,制成它的有效成分的原料包括:复合维生素 10~30份、复合氨基酸 15~25份、中草药混合物 25~65份和牛至油预混剂 10~30份。
2.根据权利要求1所述含有氨基酸的奶牛饲料添加剂,其特征在于:以重量份数计,制成复合维生素的有效成分的原料包括:维生素A 2~5份、维生素D3 0.5~1.5份、维生素E 2~7份、维生素B1 1~3份和维生素C 6.5~17.5份。
3.根据权利要求1所述含有氨基酸的奶牛饲料添加剂,其特征在于:以重量份数计,制成复合氨基酸的有效成分的原料包括:赖氨酸 4~7份、甲硫氨酸2~3.5份、色氨酸 0.5~1份、苯丙氨酸2~3份、苏氨酸 2.9~3.2份、亮氨酸1.2~1.7份、异亮氨酸1~1.5份和缬氨酸4~7份。
4.根据权利要求1~3中任一项所述含有氨基酸的奶牛饲料添加剂,其特征在于:以重量份数计,制成中药混合物的有效成分的原料包括:蒲公英 10~15份、金银花10~25份和黄芪多糖5~25份。
5.根据权利要求1~3中任一项所述含有氨基酸的奶牛饲料添加剂,其特征在于:所述牛至油预混剂为白炭黑、石粉、麸皮及稻糠中的至少一种和牛至油混合而成。
6.根据权利要求5所述含有氨基酸的奶牛饲料添加剂,其特征在于:所述牛至油预混剂中牛至油的含量为10~30%。
7.根据权利要求6所述含有氨基酸的奶牛饲料添加剂,其特征在于:以重量份数计,制成中药混合物的有效成分的原料包括:蒲公英 10~15份、金银花10~25份和黄芪多糖5~25份。
8.根据权利要求1~7中任一项所述含有氨基酸的奶牛饲料添加剂的一种制备方法,其特征在于:是取所有原料,经混合风干,粉碎过筛,即得奶牛专用的饲料添加剂。
9.根据权利要求8所述含有氨基酸的奶牛饲料添加剂的制备方法,其特征在于:混合风干后且粉碎过筛前,所得混合物料的含水量为0~5%。
10.根据权利要求1~7中任一项所述含有氨基酸的奶牛饲料添加剂的一种应用,其特征在于:所述含有氨基酸的奶牛饲料添加剂用于混拌于奶牛饲料中用以饲喂奶牛,以补充奶牛生长所需的蛋白质,促进奶牛生长发育,增强奶牛免疫力,提高奶牛产奶质量,降低奶牛乳腺因细菌引发炎症的风险。
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