CN110122680A - 一种添加牛至精油降低奶牛乳房炎发病率饲料的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种添加牛至精油降低奶牛乳房炎发病率饲料的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种添加牛至精油降低奶牛乳房炎发病率饲料的制备方法，涉及畜牧养殖技术领域。本发明包括中草药添加剂的制备：选取黄芪1‑3份、白芍1‑2份、当归2‑3份、蒲公英3‑5份、王不留行2‑3份、益母草1‑2.5份，将上述选取的黄芪、白芍、当归、蒲公英、王不留行、益母草粉碎混合一定时间，使之混合均匀，过100目筛，制得草药添加剂；半成品混料的制备：选取青贮75‑105份、苜蓿18‑25份、玉米40‑56份、酒糟蛋白饲料12‑17份、棉籽粕4‑6份、菜粕3.5‑5份、豆粕2.2‑3.2份、复合维生素预混料1.5‑2.1份。本发明成品饲料中添加有牛至精油和中草药添加剂，通过牛至精油和中草药添加剂的添加，能够有效降低奶牛乳房炎和腹泻的发病率。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于畜牧养殖技术领域，特别是涉及一种添加牛至精油降低奶牛乳房炎发病率饲料的制备方法。
背景技术
奶牛产业是饲料转化效率最高、资源利用最节约的畜产品业，具有现代技术和资金投入密集、集约化程度高的养殖业特点，是市场化和产加销一体化程度最高的产业，也是极具发展潜力和广阔前景的“朝阳产业”，但是，奶牛的健康状况一直是制约奶牛产业发展的重要因素。
牛乳房炎发病最常见的原因是由于病原微生物通过奶牛乳头管侵入乳房，原奶为病原微生物生长提供了优越的环境，病原微生物在乳房内大量繁殖，生成毒素与酶，刺激脆弱的乳房组织，使奶牛的乳房发炎，据报道，引起奶牛乳房炎的病原微生物多达150多种，较常见的约有20多种，其中，金黄色葡萄球菌、链球菌，具有国际广泛性，约占整个奶牛乳房炎病例的74％，约占我国病例的90％～95％。
奶牛腹泻疾病大多数情况下是由以下3种原因引起的：1、饲料管理不当，如饲喂不定量、不定时、时饥时饱、久渴失饮、突然更换饲料或饲料过冷过热，有时饲料霉败，草料过硬，含有泥沙，毒物和药物的刺激导致腹泻；2、饲喂过程中，卫生不良，饲料单一，缺乏维生素和微量元素，从而导致腹泻；3、饮水原因，在冬季奶牛饮用过凉的水，或者在夏季奶牛运动激烈而饮水，腹泻疾病在生产中能够引起奶牛胃肠炎、消化道粘膜糜烂，进而导致繁殖障碍，使生产性能大大下降，这将给奶牛产业造成巨大损失。
牛至精油作为一种重要的药用和食用香料植物，其精油中含有萜醇和萜烯等成分，具有抗菌、抑菌等功效，使用天然中草药牛至精油表现出高效、环保、安全、饲药兼用等优势，在奶牛TMR中添加牛至精油可以起到代替抗生素抑制奶牛体内病原微生物的繁殖的作用，改善奶牛机体健康状况，但不会出现滥用抗生素而导致的药物残留，是名符其实的抗生素的替代品，正符合时代养殖业要求，在生产活动中使用又可以预防疾病发生降低生产成本，减少因治疗所带来的不必要的损失，因此牛至精油作为绿色添加剂一定会有很广阔的发展前景，也必将会给饲料行业带来新的契机。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种添加牛至精油降低奶牛乳房炎发病率饲料的制备方法，通过在半成品混料中添加中草药添加剂和牛至精油，解决了现有的奶牛饲料不能降低奶牛乳房炎和腹泻发病率的问题。
为解决上述技术问题，本发明是通过以下技术方案实现的：
本发明为一种添加牛至精油降低奶牛乳房炎发病率饲料的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
SS001中草药添加剂的制备：选取黄芪1-3份、白芍1-2份、当归2-3份、蒲公英3-5份、王不留行2-3份、益母草1-2.5份，将上述选取的黄芪、白芍、当归、蒲公英、王不留行、益母草粉碎混合一定时间，使之混合均匀，过100目筛，制得草药添加剂；
SS002半成品混料的制备：选取青贮75-105份、苜蓿18-25份、玉米40-56份、酒糟蛋白饲料12-17份、棉籽粕4-6份、菜粕3.5-5份、豆粕2.2-3.2份、复合维生素预混料1.5-2.1份、碳酸氢钠0.6-0.8份、食盐0.2-0.3份、氟石0.15-0.2份、石粉2-3份、草药添加剂5-7份，将所选取的青贮、苜蓿、玉米、棉籽粕、菜粕、豆粕置入混料机中破碎预混，破碎预混后，再向上述破碎预混料中添加所选取的酒糟蛋白饲料、复合维生素预混料、碳酸氢钠、食盐、氟石、石粉和草药添加剂，并加入适量纯净水，通过搅拌，进行半成品预混，半成品混料一段时间后，混料机停止运转，混料机中的半成品混料等待下一步加工；
SS003成品饲料的制备：向上述混料机中的半成品混料中添加2-3份牛至精油，进行成品混料，成品混料一段时间后，取出即制得成品饲料。
进一步地，所述复合维生素预混料包括维生素添加剂和微量元素添加剂。
进一步地，所述半成品混料的混料时间为15-20min；所述成品混料的混料时间为3-5min。
进一步地，所述黄芪、白芍、当归、蒲公英、王不留行、益母草粉碎混合时间为6-10min。
本发明具有以下有益效果：
1、本发明在成品饲料中添加有牛至精油，牛至精油通过消化系统进入血液后，在奶牛血液中与各种抑菌物质形成一定浓度，使机体拥有了类似服用抗生素药物后的抗菌消炎能力，牛至精油在机体内起到了良好的消炎杀菌的作用，使得乳房炎致病微生物的繁殖受到抑制，降低了致病微生物菌群数量，有效的缓解了因机体发生炎症而导致白细胞数量升高的现象，起到杀菌抑菌的显著作用，使单个乳区的乳房炎发病率降低了2％，从而达到在不使用抗生素药物的情况下预防和治疗乳房炎的效果。
2、本发明在成品饲料中添加有牛至精油，牛至精油的添加抑制了肠毒素大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌和产气荚膜梭菌等导致奶牛细菌性腹泻菌种的生长，延缓了饲料因微生物发酵而导致的腐败，减少了毒素的产生，使奶牛获得更为新鲜的饲料，提高了饲料的适口性，提高了瘤胃的消化作用，有效避免了奶牛采食过程中应激行为的发生，有利于牛群采食量的增加，从而提高奶牛的生产性能。
3、本发明在半成品混料中添加有种草药添加剂，中草药添加剂中的多糖、生物碱、挥发成分和有机酸，能够促进动物体内抗体的产生，增强非免疫特性，促进巨噬细胞吞噬功能和淋巴细胞的转化率，从而崔氏隐形乳房炎症好转。
当然，实施本发明的任一产品并不一定需要同时达到以上所述的所有优点。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例的技术方案，下面将对实施例描述所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为一种添加牛至精油降低奶牛乳房炎发病率饲料的制备方法的流程图；
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其它实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
请参阅图1，本发明为一种添加牛至精油降低奶牛乳房炎发病率饲料的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
SS001中草药添加剂的制备：选取黄芪2份、白芍1份、当归2份、蒲公英4份、王不留行3份、益母草2份，将上述选取的黄芪、白芍、当归、蒲公英、王不留行、益母草粉碎混合一定时间，使之混合均匀，过100目筛，制得草药添加剂；
SS002半成品混料的制备：选取青贮85份、苜蓿20份、玉米50份、酒糟蛋白饲料15份、棉籽粕5份、菜粕4份、豆粕3份、复合维生素预混料2份、碳酸氢钠0.7份、食盐0.25份、氟石0.18份、石粉2.5份、草药添加剂6份，将所选取的青贮、苜蓿、玉米、棉籽粕、菜粕、豆粕置入混料机中破碎预混，破碎预混后，再向上述破碎预混料中添加所选取的酒糟蛋白饲料、复合维生素预混料、碳酸氢钠、食盐、氟石、石粉和草药添加剂，并加入适量纯净水，通过搅拌，进行半成品预混，半成品混料一段时间后，混料机停止运转，混料机中的半成品混料等待下一步加工；
SS003成品饲料的制备：向上述混料机中的半成品混料中添加2.5份牛至精油，进行成品混料，成品混料一段时间后，取出即制得成品饲料。
其中，复合维生素预混料包括维生素添加剂和微量元素添加剂。
其中，半成品混料的混料时间为17min；成品混料的混料时间为4min。
其中，黄芪、白芍、当归、蒲公英、王不留行、益母草粉碎混合时间为7min。
在本说明书的描述中，参考术语“一个实施例”、“示例”、“具体示例”等的描述意指结合该实施例或示例描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点包含于本发明的至少一个实施例或示例中。在本说明书中，对上述术语的示意性表述不一定指的是相同的实施例或示例。而且，描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点可以在任何的一个或多个实施例或示例中以合适的方式结合。
以上公开的本发明优选实施例只是用于帮助阐述本发明。优选实施例并没有详尽叙述所有的细节，也不限制该发明仅为所述的具体实施方式。显然，根据本说明书的内容，可作很多的修改和变化。本说明书选取并具体描述这些实施例，是为了更好地解释本发明的原理和实际应用，从而使所属技术领域技术人员能很好地理解和利用本发明。本发明仅受权利要求书及其全部范围和等效物的限制。
Claims (4)
1.一种添加牛至精油降低奶牛乳房炎发病率饲料的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
SS001中草药添加剂的制备：选取黄芪1-3份、白芍1-2份、当归2-3份、蒲公英3-5份、王不留行2-3份、益母草1-2.5份，将上述选取的黄芪、白芍、当归、蒲公英、王不留行、益母草粉碎混合一定时间，使之混合均匀，过100目筛，制得草药添加剂；
SS002半成品混料的制备：选取青贮75-105份、苜蓿18-25份、玉米40-56份、酒糟蛋白饲料12-17份、棉籽粕4-6份、菜粕3.5-5份、豆粕2.2-3.2份、复合维生素预混料1.5-2.1份、碳酸氢钠0.6-0.8份、食盐0.2-0.3份、氟石0.15-0.2份、石粉2-3份、草药添加剂5-7份，将所选取的青贮、苜蓿、玉米、棉籽粕、菜粕、豆粕置入混料机中破碎预混，破碎预混后，再向上述破碎预混料中添加所选取的酒糟蛋白饲料、复合维生素预混料、碳酸氢钠、食盐、氟石、石粉和草药添加剂，并加入适量纯净水，通过搅拌，进行半成品预混，半成品混料一段时间后，混料机停止运转，混料机中的半成品混料等待下一步加工；
SS003成品饲料的制备：向上述混料机中的半成品混料中添加2-3份牛至精油，进行成品混料，成品混料一段时间后，取出，在室温下发酵，发酵完成后即制得成品饲料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种添加牛至精油降低奶牛乳房炎发病率饲料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述复合维生素预混料包括维生素添加剂和微量元素添加剂。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种添加牛至精油降低奶牛乳房炎发病率饲料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述半成品混料的混料时间为15-20min；所述成品混料的混料时间为3-5min。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种添加牛至精油降低奶牛乳房炎发病率饲料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述黄芪、白芍、当归、蒲公英、王不留行、益母草粉碎混合时间为6-10min。
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