CN114375784A - Nitrogen-storage recarburization cultivation method for dry-land wheat field in summer idle period - Google Patents
Nitrogen-storage recarburization cultivation method for dry-land wheat field in summer idle period Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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Abstract
A method for cultivating wheat in dry land by storing nitrogen and increasing carbon in idle summer period includes such steps as planting corn or oil sunflower with high biomass by using part of photo-thermal water resource in idle summer period, converting the inorganic nitrogen left in wheat field to organic nitrogen by using its straw and root stubble, increasing organic carbon content in wheat field, and increasing yield of wheat in next crop along with green pressing time; the method mainly comprises 3 links of the early, middle and final stages of summer leisure; in the early stage of summer idle, green pressing crop varieties of corn and oil sunflower with high biomass are selected, wheat in different areas is harvested, time is robbed, direct seeding of iron stubbles and seeding of white stubbles, and the planting density is higher than that of a conventional planting mode. In the middle summer idle period, the straw crusher is used for crushing the green-pressing cultivated crops, and the wheat field is deeply ploughed or rotary-tilled in time. Selecting a wheat variety with strong stress resistance at the end of a summer idle period, determining the sowing time and the sowing density in different areas according to the characteristics of climate change, determining the fertilizing amount by adopting a green food fertilizer use criterion, and sowing by adopting a 2GBF-12 wheat rotary tillage, fertilization, sowing and pressing integrated machine.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a nitrogen-storage and carbon-increasing cultivation method for a dry land wheat field in a summer idle period.
Background
The winter wheat in the dry land of China is mainly distributed in the areas of plain (with the elevation below 500 m), hills (with the elevation 500-. In recent years, due to the influence of climate change, particularly key meteorological factors such as temperature rise and rainfall reduction, and extremely low temperature in spring, the frequency of drought and freezing damage in the dry land winter wheat production in the region is further improved, and the development of the dry land winter wheat production is very difficult. Many researches show that the fertilizer usage amount of the dry-land wheat field is basically consistent with that of other crops, namely, the problem of excessive fertilization (the fertilizer application amount of the farmland in China is 1.9 times of the recommended fertilizer application amount of developed countries) generally exists, the space for improving the yield per unit of winter wheat in the dry land by means of the increased fertilizer application becomes smaller and smaller, and meanwhile, the excessive fertilization is caused by adopting the traditional deep ploughing and rotary tillage soil cultivation mode in the summer idle period: firstly, the nitrogen leaching moves downwards, and secondly, ammonia volatilizes, which causes serious pollution to underground water and air respectively. Meanwhile, more researches show that the increase of organic carbon (or the improvement of organic matters) in the dry-land wheat field is a main way for coping with climate warm drying and drought stress in winter in the dry land at present, while the increase of organic carbon (or the improvement of organic matters) in the conventional dry-land wheat field mostly adopts a farmyard manure increasing mode, the source channel of the farmyard manure is narrowed at present, and the farmyard manure amount is reduced year by year; the majority of farmers or planting professional cooperative society try to adopt a mode of two-crop planting system in one year to produce more straws and increase organic carbon (or improve organic matters), but the straws often cause the shortage of water resource bearing capacity of the dry land wheat field, so that the yield of the wheat of the next crop is greatly reduced, even the wheat of the next crop is no longer harvested.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a cultivation method for planting crop corn or oil sunflower with large biomass in a dry land wheat field by using part of photo-thermal water resources in the summer idle period, converting and storing inorganic nitrogen remained in the wheat field into organic nitrogen by using straws and roots of the crop corn or oil sunflower, increasing the organic carbon content (or organic matter) of the wheat field, and increasing the yield of wheat of the next crop along with the green pressing time.
The method mainly comprises 3 links of early summer idle period, middle summer idle period and end summer idle period:
(1) the early stage of the slack summer comprises a plurality of links of green pressing crop variety selection, seeding, fertilization and cultivation density;
1) selection of green-pressing cultivation crops: selecting crops which can have higher biomass in a short time in the summer idle period of the wheat field; the method generally adopts the ultra-early-maturing corn varieties such as KWS9384 and the like, and the oil sunflower variety with higher plant height such as S606 can also be selected in an individual region;
2) sowing time of green pressing crops: the sowing time of the plain (the elevation below 500 m), the hill (the elevation below 500-;
3) fertilizing green pressing crops: the green pressing cultivation crops are not fertilized, namely the white stubbles are planted;
4) sowing the pressed green crops: sowing in a direct stubble sowing mode;
5) sowing density of green pressing crops: the cultivation density of the green-pressing corn is preferably 5000-; the cultivation density of the green pressed oil sunflower is 4000-;
(2) the middle summer idle period comprises crushing time of green-pressing cultivated crops and a soil cultivation link;
1) green pressing and crushing time: the crushing time of the plain (below 500m of altitude), the hilly (800 m of altitude) and the low mountain (1000 m of altitude) in the winter wheat area in the northern part of Huang-Huai and Huang-Huai can be respectively selected from 24-26 days at 7 months, 1-3 days at 8 months and 5-7 days at 8 months;
2) and (3) soil cultivation: after the green-pressing cultivation crops in the idle period of summer are crushed, deeply ploughing or rotary tillage the wheat field in time so as to facilitate the decomposition of the straws;
(3) the end of the summer idle period comprises a plurality of links of winter wheat variety selection, seeding time, seeding density and fertilization;
1) variety selection: selecting a variety with strong stress resistance (drought resistance, freezing resistance and lodging resistance);
2) preparing a suitable sowing period: according to the characteristics of climate change, the sowing time of the Huang-Huai and the Hechuan (with the altitude below 500 m), the hilly (with the altitude 500-;
3) determining reasonable seeding density: the reasonable planting density is 12.5 kg/mu;
4) fertilizing: and determining the fertilizing amount according to related industry standards.
The planting density of the green-pressing corn and the oil sunflower crops cultivated in the idle period in summer is 1000-1500 plants/mu higher than that of the conventional planting (harvesting) mode. The green pressing cultivation crop corn or oil sunflower does not use any stem and leaf treatment or soil sealing herbicide. In the early and middle summer idle period, nearly 60 days, the straws and stubbles of the green-pressing cultivated crops in the summer idle period are utilized to convert and store the residual inorganic nitrogen in the wheat field into organic nitrogen, and meanwhile, the organic carbon content in the wheat field is increased; the water storage capacity of the wheat field is recovered in the middle and later periods of the summer idle. The fertilizing amount can be determined according to the use standard of green food fertilizer of national industry standard NY/T394-2013.
A conventional straw pulverizer is selected as a green-pressing cultivated crop pulverizing machine. The seeder adopts a rotary tillage, fertilization, seeding and suppression all-in-one machine for seeding.
The core technology of the agricultural technology is that part of photo-thermal water resource in the idle period of summer is utilized, green-pressing crops with large biomass are cultivated, the straw and the root stubble of the green-pressing crops are utilized to convert and store the inorganic nitrogen reserved in the wheat field into organic nitrogen, the organic carbon content of the wheat field is increased, the pollution of the inorganic nitrogen which is leached and moved downwards and ammonia which is volatilized to underground water and air is respectively solved, and the adverse effect of warm drought formed by climate change on a wheat production system can be effectively coped with. The method has simple operation process, and is suitable for plain, hilly and low mountain areas of Huang-Huai and part of northern winter wheat areas in China. According to experiments and demonstration in Yadu district (altitude 459m) in southern Yao of Shanxi in 2018 and 2021, the content of inorganic nitrate nitrogen in soil layers of 0-100 and 100-200cm is reduced by 249.93 mg/kg and 232.45mg/kg respectively in average when the crushed corns are cultivated in idle period of summer when compared with the traditional idle period of summer; the organic carbon content of the wheat field is increased by 0.58-0.64g/kg in summer leisure time than that of the traditional summer leisure time; the stubble of the green pressing crop cultivated in the summer idle period of the yield of the next crop wheat is slightly reduced in comparison with the traditional leisure stubble 2018-.
Detailed Description
Example 1: pingchuai winter wheat zone (Shanxi Linfen Yao Du zone altitude 459m)
(1) In early summer idle stage: directly sowing the wheat after wheat harvest in the stubble of the iron crop for 6 months and 10 days, sowing the wheat after wheat harvest, and sowing green pressing cultivation crops of corn and oil sunflower, wherein a corn variety KWS9384 and an oil sunflower variety S606 are selected; the seeding density of the corn and the oil sunflower is 5000 and 4000 plants/mu respectively.
(2) In the middle summer idle period: crushing the green-pressing cultivated crops in 7 months and 25 days, and then carrying out rotary tillage after crushing the green-pressing cultivated crops.
(3) Sowing at the end of the idle period in summer: the sowing time of winter wheat is 10 months and 8 days; the seeding density is 12.5 kg/mu; the fertilizing amount is 20kg of urea and 25kg of calcium superphosphate applied per mu; selecting variety drought transportation 115 with strong stress resistance; sowing is carried out by adopting a 2GBF-12 wheat rotary tillage, fertilization, sowing and pressing integrated machine.
Example 2: hilly area of Huang-Huai-winter wheat area (elevation 790m Duzhuang village, Huo Zhou, Shanxi)
(1) In early summer idle stage: directly sowing the wheat after harvesting in the stubble of the iron crop for 6 months and 13 days, sowing the wheat under green pressing, and cultivating crops such as corn and oil sunflower, wherein a corn variety KWS9384 and an oil sunflower variety S606 are selected; the seeding density of the corn and the oil sunflower is 5000 and 4000 plants/mu respectively.
(2) In the middle summer idle period: crushing the green-pressing cultivated crops in 8 months and 1 day, and then carrying out rotary tillage after crushing the green-pressing cultivated crops.
(3) Sowing at the end of the idle period in summer: the sowing time of winter wheat is 10 months and 3 days; the seeding density is 12.5 kg/mu; the fertilizing amount is 20kg of urea and 25kg of calcium superphosphate applied per mu; selecting variety drought transportation 115 with strong stress resistance; sowing is carried out by adopting a 2GBF-12 wheat rotary tillage, fertilization, sowing and pressing integrated machine.
Example 3: low mountain area of northern winter wheat area (Shanxi Xiangning county Hongyun village altitude 990m)
(1) In early summer idle stage: directly sowing the wheat after harvesting in the stubble of the iron crop for 6 months and 17 days, sowing the wheat under green pressing, and cultivating crops such as corn and oil sunflower, wherein a corn variety KWS9384 and an oil sunflower variety S606 are selected; the seeding density of the corn and the oil sunflower is 5000 and 4000 plants/mu respectively.
(2) In the middle summer idle period: crushing the green-pressing cultivated crops in 8 months and 5 days, and then carrying out rotary tillage after crushing the green-pressing cultivated crops.
(3) Sowing at the end of the idle period in summer: the sowing time of winter wheat is 9 months and 28 days; the seeding density is 12.5 kg/mu; the fertilizing amount is 20kg of urea and 25kg of calcium superphosphate applied per mu; selecting a variety with strong stress resistance 6990; sowing is carried out by adopting a 2GBF-12 wheat rotary tillage, fertilization, sowing and pressing integrated machine.
Claims (8)
1. A nitrogen storage and carbon increasing cultivation method for a dry land wheat field in a summer idle period is characterized by mainly comprising 3 links of a summer idle early stage, a summer idle middle stage and a summer idle end:
(1) the early stage of the slack summer comprises a plurality of links of green pressing crop variety selection, seeding, fertilization and cultivation density;
1) selection of green-pressing cultivation crops: selecting crops which can have higher biomass in a short time in the summer idle period of the wheat field; the method generally adopts the ultra-early-maturing corn varieties such as KWS9384 and the like, and the oil sunflower variety with higher plant height such as S606 can also be selected in an individual region;
2) sowing time of green pressing crops: the sowing time of the plain (the elevation below 500 m), the hill (the elevation below 500-;
3) fertilizing green pressing crops: the green pressing cultivation crops are not fertilized, namely the white stubbles are planted;
4) sowing the pressed green crops: sowing in a direct stubble sowing mode;
5) sowing density of green pressing crops: the cultivation density of the green-pressing corn is preferably 5000-; the cultivation density of the green pressed oil sunflower is 4000-;
(2) the middle summer idle period comprises crushing time of green-pressing cultivated crops and a soil cultivation link;
1) green pressing and crushing time: the crushing time of the plain (below 500m of altitude), the hilly (800 m of altitude) and the low mountain (1000 m of altitude) in the winter wheat area in the northern part of Huang-Huai and Huang-Huai can be respectively selected from 24-26 days at 7 months, 1-3 days at 8 months and 5-7 days at 8 months;
2) and (3) soil cultivation: after the green-pressing cultivation crops in the idle period of summer are crushed, deeply ploughing or rotary tillage the wheat field in time so as to facilitate the decomposition of the straws;
(3) the end of the summer idle period comprises a plurality of links of winter wheat variety selection, seeding time, seeding density and fertilization;
1) variety selection: selecting a variety with strong stress resistance (drought resistance, freezing resistance and lodging resistance);
2) preparing a suitable sowing period: according to the characteristics of climate change, the sowing time of the Huang-Huai and the Hechuan (with the altitude below 500 m), the hilly (with the altitude 500-;
3) determining reasonable seeding density: the reasonable planting density is 12.5 kg/mu;
4) fertilizing: and determining the fertilizing amount according to related industry standards.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the planting density of the planted green-pressed corn and oil sunflower plants in the idle summer period is 1000-1500 plants/mu higher than that in the conventional planting (harvesting) mode.
3. The method for nitrogen-storing and carbon-increasing cultivation of dry land wheat fields in idle periods in summer as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that no stem and leaf treatment or soil-closing herbicide is used for the green pressing cultivation crops corn or oil sunflower.
4. The method for nitrogen-storing and carbon-increasing cultivation of dry land wheat field in idle summer as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the crop is cultivated by green pressing in idle summer, the nitrate nitrogen remained in the wheat field is converted and stored into organic nitrogen by producing straw and root stubble, and ammonia volatilization and nitrogen elution downward movement are reduced.
5. The method for nitrogen-storing and carbon-increasing cultivation of dry land wheat field in summer idle period as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that crop straws and root stubbles are produced by near 60 days before and during summer idle period, so as to increase the organic carbon content of the wheat field; the water storage capacity of the wheat field is recovered in the middle and later periods of the summer idle.
6. The method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein a conventional straw pulverizer is used as the pulverizer for green-pressing cultivation crops.
7. The method for cultivating the dry land wheat with nitrogen storage and carbon increasing in the idle period of summer as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the sowing machine adopts a 2GBF-12 wheat rotary tillage, fertilization, sowing and pressing integrated machine for sowing.
8. The method for cultivating nitrogen-storing and carbon-increasing in the idle period of the dry land wheat field in summer as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the fertilizing amount is determined according to the use criteria of green food fertilizer of national industry standard NY/T394-2013.
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