CN112889604A - Whole straw covering and soil moisture preserving planting method for dry-land corn in leisure period - Google Patents
Whole straw covering and soil moisture preserving planting method for dry-land corn in leisure period Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN112889604A CN112889604A CN202110062174.0A CN202110062174A CN112889604A CN 112889604 A CN112889604 A CN 112889604A CN 202110062174 A CN202110062174 A CN 202110062174A CN 112889604 A CN112889604 A CN 112889604A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- corn
- whole
- straw
- soil moisture
- covering
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 87
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 87
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 87
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 87
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 63
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 208000003643 Callosities Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 206010020649 Hyperkeratosis Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 claims description 31
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 31
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000004563 wettable powder Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000002363 herbicidal effect Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000004009 herbicide Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 12
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000003971 tillage Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- VTNQPKFIQCLBDU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetochlor Chemical compound CCOCN(C(=O)CCl)C1=C(C)C=CC=C1CC VTNQPKFIQCLBDU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000005906 Imidacloprid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 241000488583 Panonychus ulmi Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- YWTYJOPNNQFBPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N imidacloprid Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)\N=C1/NCCN1CC1=CC=C(Cl)N=C1 YWTYJOPNNQFBPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229940056881 imidacloprid Drugs 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004495 emulsifiable concentrate Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 241001057636 Dracaena deremensis Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 claims description 4
- JLQUFIHWVLZVTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbosulfan Chemical compound CCCCN(CCCC)SN(C)C(=O)OC1=CC=CC2=C1OC(C)(C)C2 JLQUFIHWVLZVTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- ATROHALUCMTWTB-OWBHPGMISA-N phoxim Chemical compound CCOP(=S)(OCC)O\N=C(\C#N)C1=CC=CC=C1 ATROHALUCMTWTB-OWBHPGMISA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229950001664 phoxim Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- WVQBLGZPHOPPFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chloro-N-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)-N-(1-methoxypropan-2-yl)acetamide Chemical compound CCC1=CC=CC(C)=C1N(C(C)COC)C(=O)CCl WVQBLGZPHOPPFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- TWFZGCMQGLPBSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbendazim Natural products C1=CC=C2NC(NC(=O)OC)=NC2=C1 TWFZGCMQGLPBSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000005747 Chlorothalonil Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000005663 Pyridaben Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000005842 Thiophanate-methyl Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000006013 carbendazim Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- JNPZQRQPIHJYNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbendazim Chemical compound C1=C[CH]C2=NC(NC(=O)OC)=NC2=C1 JNPZQRQPIHJYNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- CRQQGFGUEAVUIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorothalonil Chemical compound ClC1=C(Cl)C(C#N)=C(Cl)C(C#N)=C1Cl CRQQGFGUEAVUIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- DWFZBUWUXWZWKD-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridaben Chemical compound C1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=CC=C1CSC1=C(Cl)C(=O)N(C(C)(C)C)N=C1 DWFZBUWUXWZWKD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- QGHREAKMXXNCOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiophanate-methyl Chemical group COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC QGHREAKMXXNCOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 claims description 2
- RIOXQFHNBCKOKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N benomyl Chemical compound C1=CC=C2N(C(=O)NCCCC)C(NC(=O)OC)=NC2=C1 RIOXQFHNBCKOKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- MITFXPHMIHQXPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzoxaprofen Natural products N=1C2=CC(C(C(O)=O)C)=CC=C2OC=1C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 MITFXPHMIHQXPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 241000346285 Ostrinia furnacalis Species 0.000 description 4
- 238000007605 air drying Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 210000005069 ears Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 2
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002154 agricultural waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009328 dry farming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009313 farming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035558 fertility Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008092 positive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000750 progressive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000375 suspending agent Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
- A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
- A01G13/0256—Ground coverings
- A01G13/0262—Mulches, i.e. covering material not-pre-formed in mats or sheets
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/28—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture specially adapted for farming
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a planting method for preserving soil moisture by covering whole straws in the fallow period of dry-land corns, which comprises the following steps: after the corn is harvested, covering the ground surface with whole corn straws; in the middle ten days of the next 5 months, hard stubble is sowed, or the whole corn straw is crushed, the ground surface is covered by the crushed straw, then hard stubble is sowed and fertilized; and (5) performing field management on the sowed corns.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural planting, in particular to a method for planting dry-land corn in an idle period by covering whole straws and preserving soil moisture.
Background
The dry-land corn is mainly distributed in arid and semi-arid regions on hills of loess plateaus, the annual precipitation of the regions is changed greatly, the annual precipitation is 550mm, 70 percent of the precipitation is mainly concentrated in 7-9 months, the total amount of the precipitation is little and the precipitation is not uniformly distributed, and the dry-land corn is a typical dry-farming rain-farming agricultural region. The spring drought affects the sowing of spring corn in dry land all the year round, and the summer drought and the autumn drought are often connected, so that the growth of the corn in the dry land in the key growth period is inhibited. In addition, the soil is shallow ploughed and the crop straws are burnt for many years, so that the environment is polluted, the resources are wasted, the soil is compacted, the plough layer becomes shallow, the soil fertility is reduced, and the sustainable stable yield of the dry-land corn in the area is seriously influenced.
The straw mulching cultivation mode not only can fully utilize agricultural wastes, but also can store water and preserve soil moisture, increase soil organic matters and adjust soil temperature, thereby increasing yield and income, is one of effective ways of agricultural sustainable development, and is particularly important in dry land agriculture. At present, the research on the straw coverage of the corn in the dry land is mainly focused on the coverage in the growing period, the technology of utilizing the whole straw coverage of the corn in the previous crop in the idle period is not available, and the annual production technology method under the mechanical condition is not available.
Therefore, the problem to be solved by the technical personnel in the field is how to provide a method for planting corn by covering whole straws of the corn in dry land and preserving soil moisture.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a method for planting corn from the idle period to the next year by using the whole straw cover of the previous dry-land corn, which reduces the evaporation amount of soil moisture in winter and spring, accumulates rainwater to the maximum extent, increases the soil water storage amount before corn sowing, and improves the corn yield and the moisture utilization rate.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for planting dry-land corn in an idle period by covering whole straw and preserving soil moisture comprises the following steps:
1) covering the whole straw: after the corn is harvested, covering the ground surface with the whole corn straw;
2) sowing: hard stubble sowing, or crushing the whole covered corn straw, covering the crushed straw with ground surface hard stubble sowing, and sowing seeds and fertilizers at the same time;
3) field management: and (5) performing field management on the sowed corns.
The technical effect achieved by the technical scheme is as follows: after the corn is harvested, the whole corn stalks are directly laid on the ground surface to cover the soil, and in the middle ten days of the next year, the hard stubbles are directly sown in the whole stalk covering field or the covered corn stalks are crushed and then the hard stubbles are sown in the corn. At the moment, the corn stalks cover not only the idle period of the corns but also the growth period of the next corn stubble, so that the water storage capacity of the soil is obviously improved, and the idle period spans two seasons of winter and spring, and the soil is covered by the whole corn stalks in the two seasons, so that the accumulated temperature of the soil is increased, the nutrient exchange rate is increased, and the water evaporation capacity of the soil is reduced.
As a preferable technical scheme, in the step 1), the coverage of the whole corn straws is the total corn straw amount after harvesting, and the suitable coverage is 500-600 kg/hm2。
The technical effect achieved by the technical scheme is as follows: the covering amount of the corn straws determines the evaporation amount of water to a certain extent, and the covering amount is the total amount of the harvested corn straws and is 700kg/666.7m2In time, the water content in the soil is moderate, and the water utilization rate is high.
As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, the fertilizing amount in the step 1) is 666.7m per step2The amount of the applied pure N is 10kg to 15kg, P2O58 kg～12kg、K23kg to 5kg of compound fertilizer.
As the preferable technical scheme of the invention, in the step 2), the crushing length of the straws is less than or equal to 10 cm.
AsAccording to the preferable technical scheme, in the step 2), the sowing density is 4000-4500 plants/666.7 m2。
As the preferred technical scheme of the invention, the field management process comprises the following steps:
31) spraying no-intertillage herbicide after seeding and before emergence of seedlings;
32) after emergence of seedlings, diseases and insect pests are prevented and treated in time.
As a preferable technical scheme, in the step 31), the spraying of the no-tillage herbicide is carried out every 666.7m2Uniformly spraying 80-120 mL of 90% acetochlor emulsifiable concentrate and 35kg of water on the ground surface; or 100 mL-150 mL of 72% metolachlor missible oil mixed with 50kg of water is sprayed on the ground surface; or 150-200 mL of 52% acetochlor saliva-removing suspension emulsion mixed with 50kg of water is evenly sprayed on the ground surface.
As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, in the step 32), the pest control is as follows:
321) in the large-horn mouth period of the corn, 3 percent carbosulfan granules are scattered into the horn mouth of the corn plant by plant; or scattering 1% phoxim granule into bell mouth;
322) spraying 500 times of 50% carbendazim wettable powder to the corn leaves at the early stage of the disease of the large and small spots; or 50% thiophanate methyl wettable powder 600 times liquid; or 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder 800 times liquid; or 25% benomyl emulsifiable solution 800 times; or a 40% kewensan emulsifiable solution of 800-1000 times;
323) spraying 2500 times of 15% pyridaben emulsifiable solution on corn leaves in the hazard period of the red spiders; or 1500 times of liquid of 10 percent imidacloprid wettable powder.
As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, in the step 322), the pesticide is sprayed for 1 time every 7-10 days, and the continuous control is carried out for 2-3 times.
According to the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the ground surface is covered by whole corn straws after corn is harvested, the covering time spans the leisure time and the growth time, and the technical effects are as follows:
1) the whole straw is covered in the leisure period, the strength of soil evaporation caused by wind climate in winter and spring can be inhibited, rainwater is stored, and the water storage capacity of the soil before the corn is sowed next year is effectively improved. The whole straw is covered to increase the water storage capacity of soil in each soil layer of 0-200 cm. After the corn grows in the season, the water storage capacity of 0-100cm soil of the upper layer soil after harvesting is still higher than that of the conventional ground returning, and the water storage capacity of 62.1mm, 50.9mm and 42.3mm of the soil with 0-200cm is increased when coverage is not covered in 2017, 2018 and 2019.
2) The absorption capacity of the plants to macroelements in the covering mode is higher than that of the conventional smashing and returning treatment, which is related to the improvement of soil environment conditions under covering, the density of root systems is increased, and the root systems absorb more nutrients.
3) Under the covering condition, the accumulated temperature in winter and spring is increased, the exchange and migration of organic matters, soil enzymes, soil moisture and the like are enhanced, the soil moisture content is relatively high, the evaporation capacity of the soil moisture is reduced, the fertilizer efficiency is better exerted, and the nutrient effectiveness is improved.
4) From the perspective of water utilization, the covering and returning are a planting mode for efficient water-saving production, and the water utilization efficiency is improved by 2.1%, 4.0% and 83.4% in 3 years respectively; the rainfall utilization efficiency is improved by 16.5 percent, 8.9 percent and 120.4 percent; the annual productivity of the corn under the covering condition is effectively improved, the yield of the grains is increased along with the improvement of the productivity, and the yield is increased by 16.3 percent and 9.3 percent respectively in 2017 and 2018. In the extremely arid years (2019 years), the positive effect of coverage is more obvious, the stable yield of the dry-land corn can be effectively ensured, and the yield is increased by 119.8 percent compared with the conventional planting yield.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of soil water demand characterization in 2017 in planting mode of example 4 and comparative example;
FIG. 2 is a schematic representation of water demand of soil in 2018 in planting mode of example 4 and comparative example;
FIG. 3 is a schematic representation of soil water demand characterization in 2019 in planting modes of example 4 and a comparative example.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1: implementation site Linfen City Yadu district Wu village, towns
A method for planting dry-land corn in an idle period by covering whole straw and preserving soil moisture comprises the following steps:
1) covering with straw, harvesting corn with ears without crushing straw, and pressing whole corn stalk to ground surface with corn harvester with ground surface coverage of 500kg/666.7m2Left and right;
2) the management is not carried out in winter and spring, the natural air drying is carried out, and the rotting is carried out, until the next spring, the covering amount still keeps about 45 percent of the original covering amount;
3) crushing the straws on the ground surface by using a straw crusher within 5 months and 9 days, wherein the crushed length of the straws is 10cm, and hard stubble sowing is carried out after crushing, and the sowing depth is 5 cm; the planting density is 4500 plants/666.7 m2(ii) a Fertilizing is carried out while sowing; each 666.7m2The amount of pure N applied was 10kg, P2O5In an amount of 8kg, K2The O content is 3kg/hm2The compound fertilizer;
4) field management:
41) spraying no-tillage herbicide after sowing and before seedling emergence, and spraying no-tillage herbicide every 666.7m after sowing and before seedling emergence2Uniformly spraying 80-120 mL of 90% acetochlor emulsifiable concentrate and 35kg of water on the ground surface;
42) in the large-horn-mouth period of the corn, the corn borers are prevented and treated in time, and 3 percent carbosulfan granules are scattered into the horn mouth of the corn plant by plant according to the dosage of 3 granules/plant;
43) when preventing and treating the large and small spot diseases, spraying 500 times of 50% carbendazim wettable powder at the initial stage of disease attack; spraying for 1 time every 7d, and continuously preventing and treating for 2 times;
44) when preventing and controlling red spiders, 2500 times of 15 percent pyridaben emulsifiable solution is sprayed; or 1500 times of liquid spraying of 10 percent imidacloprid wettable powder.
Example 2: implementation site Linfen City Yadu district Wu village, towns
A method for planting dry-land corn in an idle period by covering whole straw and preserving soil moisture comprises the following steps:
1) covering with straw, harvesting corn with ears without crushing straw, and pressing whole corn stalk to ground surface with corn harvester with ground surface coverage of 700kg/666.7m2Left and right;
2) the management is not carried out in winter and spring, the natural air drying is carried out, and the rotting is carried out, and the coverage still keeps about 50 percent of the original coverage in spring of the next year;
3)5, 12 days in the month of 5, directly sowing the hard stubbles in the covered land, wherein the sowing depth is 5 cm; the planting density is 4000 plants/666.7 m2(ii) a Fertilizing is carried out while sowing; each 666.7m2The amount of pure N applied was 12kg, P2O5In an amount of 12kg, K2The O content is 5kg/hm2The compound fertilizer;
4) field management:
41) spraying no-tillage herbicide after sowing and before seedling emergence, and spraying no-tillage herbicide every 666.7m after sowing and before seedling emergence2Spraying 100-150 mL of 72% metolachlor emulsifiable concentrate with 50kg of water;
42) the pesticide is used for preventing and controlling corn borer in large trumpet period, and 1% phoxim granule is used in the amount of 666.7m21kg of fine soil added by 5 times is uniformly mixed and scattered into a bell mouth;
43) when the large and small spot diseases are prevented and treated, 50% thiophanate methyl wettable powder 600 times liquid is sprayed at the initial stage of disease attack; spraying for 1 time every 10 days, and continuously preventing and treating for 3 times;
44) when the pesticide is used for preventing and treating red spider, 1500-fold liquid of 10 percent imidacloprid wettable powder is sprayed.
Example 3: the implementation site is located in the slope village of Wanan town of Hongkong county in fen city
A method for planting dry-land corn in an idle period by covering whole straw and preserving soil moisture comprises the following steps:
1) covering with straw, harvesting corn with ears without crushing straw, and pressing whole corn stalk to ground surface with corn harvester with ground surface coverage of 600kg/666.7m2Left and right;
2) the management is not carried out in winter and spring, the natural air drying is carried out, and the rotting is carried out, and the coverage still keeps about 50 percent of the original coverage in spring of the next year;
3) sowing seeds directly in the covered land in 5 months and 12 days, wherein the sowing depth is 5 cm; the planting density is 4300 plants/666.7 m2(ii) a Fertilizing is carried out while sowing; each 666.7m2The amount of pure N applied was 15kg, P2O5In an amount of 10kg, K2The O content is 4kg/hm2The compound fertilizer;
4) field management:
41) spraying no-tillage herbicide after sowing and before seedling emergence, and spraying no-tillage herbicide every 666.7m after sowing and before seedling emergence2Uniformly spraying 150-200 mL of 52% acetochlor-atrazine suspending agent mixed with 50kg of water on the ground surface;
42) in the large-horn-mouth period of the corn, the corn borers are prevented and treated in time, and 3 percent carbosulfan granules are scattered into the horn mouth of the corn plant by plant according to the dosage of 4 granules/plant;
43) when preventing and treating the large and small spot diseases, spraying 800 times of solution of 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder at the initial stage of disease attack; spraying for 1 time every 8d, and continuously preventing and treating for 2 times;
44) when the pesticide is used for preventing and treating red spider, 1500-fold liquid of 10 percent imidacloprid wettable powder is sprayed.
Example 4: implementation site Bifen city Hongkong county Liu Jia Yuanchun town ancient village
A method for planting dry-land corn in an idle period by covering whole straw and preserving soil moisture comprises the following steps:
1) covering with straw, harvesting corn with ears without crushing straw, and pressing whole corn stalk to ground surface with corn harvester with ground surface coverage of 650kg/666.7m2Left and right.
2) The management is not carried out in winter and spring, the natural air drying is carried out, and the rotting is carried out, and the coverage still keeps about 50 percent of the original coverage in spring of the next year;
3)5, 7 days in 5 months, crushing the straws on the ground surface by using a straw crusher, wherein the crushing length of the straws is about 10cm, and hard stubble sowing is carried out after crushing, and the sowing depth is 5 cm; the planting density is 4300 plants/666.7 m2(ii) a Fertilizing is carried out while sowing; each 666.7m2The amount of pure N is 14kg, P2O5In an amount of 10kg, K2The O content is 5kg/hm2The compound fertilizer;
4) field management:
41) spraying no-tillage herbicide after sowing and before seedling emergence, and spraying no-tillage herbicide every 666.7m after sowing and before seedling emergence2Uniformly spraying 80-120 mL of 90% acetochlor emulsifiable concentrate and 35kg of water on the ground surface;
42) the pesticide is used for preventing and controlling corn borer in large trumpet period, and 1% phoxim granule is used in the amount of 666.7m21.5kg of fine river sand which is 5 times of the weight of the fine river sand is uniformly mixed and scattered into a bell mouth;
43) when preventing and treating large and small spots, spraying 800-1000 times of 40% kewensan emulsifiable solution at the initial stage of disease attack; spraying for 1 time every 9d, and continuously preventing and treating for 2 times;
44) when the pesticide is used for preventing and treating red spider, 1500-fold liquid of 10 percent imidacloprid wettable powder is sprayed.
Example 5: the implementation place is Linfen City Xiangfen county, New town Shayucun
Planting the corns in 2017-2019 by the method of the embodiment 4, meanwhile, setting a comparative example, covering the soil after crushing the straws, and performing the other methods as the embodiment 4; the results are shown in tables 1 and 2, and FIGS. 1 to 3;
TABLE 1 straw returning mode for dry land corn yield and its composition factors
TABLE 2 influence of straw returning mode on soil water storage capacity and water utilization efficiency
The embodiments in the present description are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (9)
1. A method for planting dry-land corn in an idle period by covering whole straw and preserving soil moisture is characterized by comprising the following steps: 1) covering the whole straw: after the corn is harvested, covering the ground surface with whole corn straws;
2) sowing: in the middle ten days of the next 5 months, sowing hard stubbles; or, crushing the whole corn straw, covering the ground surface with the crushed straw, then sowing the hard stubble, and sowing the seed and fertilizer at the same time;
3) field management: and (5) performing field management on the sowed corns.
2. The dry land corn idle period whole straw coverage soil moisture conservation planting method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step 1), the coverage of the whole corn straw is the whole corn straw after harvesting, and the suitable coverage is 500-600 kg/hm2。
3. The dry land corn idle period whole straw mulching and soil moisture conservation planting method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fertilizing amount in step 1) is every 666.7m2The amount of the applied pure N is 10kg to 15kg, P2O58kg～12kg、K23kg to 5kg of compound fertilizer.
4. The method for planting corn by covering whole straws with preserved soil moisture during the idle period of the dry land corn as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step 2), the crushed length of the straws is less than or equal to 10 cm.
5. The dry land corn idle period whole straw mulching and soil moisture conservation planting method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step 2), the seeding density is 4000-4500 plants/666.7 m2。
6. The dry land corn idle period whole straw mulching and soil moisture conservation planting method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the field management process is as follows:
31) spraying no-intertillage herbicide after seeding and before emergence of seedlings;
32) after emergence of seedlings, diseases and insect pests are prevented and treated in time.
33) And (3) dressing urea when the corn is in a large-horn mouth period.
7. The dry land corn idle period whole straw mulching and soil moisture conservation planting method as claimed in claim 6, wherein in the step 31), the no-tillage herbicide is sprayed for 1 time, and the no-tillage herbicide is sprayed for every 666.7m2Uniformly spraying 80-120 mL of 90% acetochlor emulsifiable concentrate and 35kg of water on the ground surface; or 100 mL-150 mL of 72% metolachlor missible oil mixed with 50kg of water is sprayed on the ground surface; or 150-200 mL of 52% acetochlor saliva-removing suspension emulsion mixed with 50kg of water is evenly sprayed on the ground surface.
8. The dry land corn idle period whole straw mulching and soil moisture conservation planting method as claimed in claim 7, wherein in the step 32), the pest and disease control is as follows:
321) in the large-horn mouth period of the corn, 3 percent carbosulfan granules are scattered into the horn mouth of the corn plant by plant; or scattering 1% phoxim granule into bell mouth;
322) spraying 500 times of 50% carbendazim wettable powder to the corn leaves at the early stage of the disease of the large and small spots; or 50% thiophanate methyl wettable powder 600 times liquid; or 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder 800 times liquid; or 25% benomyl emulsifiable solution 800 times; or spraying a 40% kewensan emulsifiable solution 800-1000 times;
323) spraying 2500 times of 15% pyridaben emulsifiable solution on corn leaves in the hazard period of the red spiders; or 1500 times of liquid spraying of 10 percent imidacloprid wettable powder.
9. The dry land corn idle period whole straw mulching and soil moisture conservation planting method as claimed in claim 8, wherein in the step 322), the pesticide is sprayed for 1 time every 7-10 days, and the continuous control is performed for 2-3 times.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110062174.0A CN112889604A (en) | 2021-01-18 | 2021-01-18 | Whole straw covering and soil moisture preserving planting method for dry-land corn in leisure period |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110062174.0A CN112889604A (en) | 2021-01-18 | 2021-01-18 | Whole straw covering and soil moisture preserving planting method for dry-land corn in leisure period |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN112889604A true CN112889604A (en) | 2021-06-04 |
Family
ID=76114894
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110062174.0A Pending CN112889604A (en) | 2021-01-18 | 2021-01-18 | Whole straw covering and soil moisture preserving planting method for dry-land corn in leisure period |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN112889604A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114375784A (en) * | 2022-01-10 | 2022-04-22 | 山西农业大学小麦研究所 | Nitrogen-storage recarburization cultivation method for dry-land wheat field in summer idle period |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106358748A (en) * | 2016-10-24 | 2017-02-01 | 中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所 | Dry land spring corn planting method based on straw turnover |
| CN106982640A (en) * | 2017-05-24 | 2017-07-28 | 安徽农业大学 | A kind of sandy loess wheat stalk crushes corn machine live broadcasting method under returning to the field |
| CN108142030A (en) * | 2018-02-01 | 2018-06-12 | 鞍山市欣鑫农资销售连锁有限公司 | A kind of corn soil improvement combating drought and raising yields method |
| CN109691365A (en) * | 2018-11-09 | 2019-04-30 | 吉林省农业科学院 | A kind of no-tillage moisturizing type of seeding under the full dose coverage condition based on stalk |
| AU2020102008A4 (en) * | 2020-08-27 | 2020-10-08 | Dezhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences Research | A simplified fertilization method for summer corn under wheat-corn rotation mode |
-
2021
- 2021-01-18 CN CN202110062174.0A patent/CN112889604A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106358748A (en) * | 2016-10-24 | 2017-02-01 | 中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所 | Dry land spring corn planting method based on straw turnover |
| CN106982640A (en) * | 2017-05-24 | 2017-07-28 | 安徽农业大学 | A kind of sandy loess wheat stalk crushes corn machine live broadcasting method under returning to the field |
| CN108142030A (en) * | 2018-02-01 | 2018-06-12 | 鞍山市欣鑫农资销售连锁有限公司 | A kind of corn soil improvement combating drought and raising yields method |
| CN109691365A (en) * | 2018-11-09 | 2019-04-30 | 吉林省农业科学院 | A kind of no-tillage moisturizing type of seeding under the full dose coverage condition based on stalk |
| AU2020102008A4 (en) * | 2020-08-27 | 2020-10-08 | Dezhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences Research | A simplified fertilization method for summer corn under wheat-corn rotation mode |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
| Title |
|---|
| 唐兴信: "农业节水技术", 北京：水利电力出版社, pages: 75 - 79 * |
| 杨飞等: "无定河流域玉米大面积单产800kg/667m2技术规程", 《内蒙古农业科技》, no. 2, pages 121 - 122 * |
| 钱海峰: "玉米免耕播种技术浅析", 《南方农业》, no. 21, pages 14 - 15 * |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114375784A (en) * | 2022-01-10 | 2022-04-22 | 山西农业大学小麦研究所 | Nitrogen-storage recarburization cultivation method for dry-land wheat field in summer idle period |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN103609319B (en) | The double-cropped leisure implantation methods of Wheat in North China, corn | |
| CN106358748A (en) | Dry land spring corn planting method based on straw turnover | |
| CN103688706A (en) | Three-dimensional one-cultivation-two-harvest high-yield brewing glutinous sorghum cultivation method | |
| CN106258689A (en) | Herba Oryzae Reproductii rice transplanting high-yield high-efficiency cultivation method | |
| CN107810811A (en) | A kind of method of tailored version RADIX CURCUMAE stock breeding | |
| CN107371970A (en) | Exempt from Cover with weed technology of deep ploughing for Chinese gooseberry garden | |
| WO2021103838A1 (en) | High-yield method for planting taro | |
| CN105359792A (en) | Angelica sinensis cultivation method | |
| CN106941995A (en) | A kind of Loess Region jujube garden makees the implantation methods of forage rape between in the ranks | |
| CN112970535A (en) | Density-increasing nitrogen-reducing efficient planting method for spring corn mixed cropping leguminous green manure | |
| CN113424675A (en) | Method for returning rice straw to field by water raking slurry in autumn | |
| CN103548633B (en) | Organic cultivation method for rice in upland nursery | |
| CN117099617A (en) | Method for efficiently planting leymus chinensis artificial grassland in northern agriculture and animal husbandry staggered area | |
| CN108293565A (en) | The method for improving Xinjiang fruit tree field land utilization ratio and benefit | |
| Unger | Tillage effects on wheat and sunflower grown in rotation | |
| CN110073920B (en) | Water-saving efficient planting method for redundant organ removing and field returning corn | |
| CN112889604A (en) | Whole straw covering and soil moisture preserving planting method for dry-land corn in leisure period | |
| CN108990729B (en) | Film covering stress-resistant high-yield planting method for corn in cold area | |
| CN110839472A (en) | Seedling raising and afforestation method for ammopiptanthus mongolicus in desert area | |
| CN107646335B (en) | Efficient planting method for rhizoma corydalis | |
| Unger et al. | Land preparation and seedling establishment practices in multiple cropping systems | |
| CN105359793A (en) | Angelica sinensis high yield cultivation method | |
| CN114532166A (en) | High-yield and high-efficiency cultivation method of root-type chicory suitable for Qinghai region | |
| CN110073919B (en) | Wide-narrow row soil moisture detection, ridging, rain collection and furrow sowing high-yield method for rain-cultured wheat in double cropping area of Heilonggang | |
| CN106879337A (en) | A kind of spring onion are survived the winter the efficient implantation methods of shed |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication |
Application publication date: 20210604 |