CN114369698A - Converter smelting method - Google Patents
Converter smelting method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114369698A CN114369698A CN202111460640.7A CN202111460640A CN114369698A CN 114369698 A CN114369698 A CN 114369698A CN 202111460640 A CN202111460640 A CN 202111460640A CN 114369698 A CN114369698 A CN 114369698A
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- Prior art keywords
- bottom blowing
- converter
- slag
- carbon dioxide
- gas
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
- C21C5/28—Manufacture of steel in the converter
- C21C5/30—Regulating or controlling the blowing
- C21C5/35—Blowing from above and through the bath
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C2300/00—Process aspects
- C21C2300/06—Modeling of the process, e.g. for control purposes; CII
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
Abstract
The application relates to the technical field of steel making, in particular to a converter smelting method, which comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps: smelting molten iron in a converter, and bottom blowing the molten iron in the atmosphere of inert gas and carbon dioxide; wherein the flow rate of the inert gas and the bottom blowing time satisfy a first quadratic function relationship; the flow of the carbon dioxide and the bottom blowing time meet a second quadratic function relationship, the flow of different gases in the bottom blowing mixed gas is changed along with the smelting progress of each ton of molten steel, the flow of the carbon dioxide is controlled to be higher in the middle period of bottom blowing, higher T.Fe is favorably ensured, slagging dephosphorization is favorably realized, and the dephosphorization efficiency is improved; and in the later stage of bottom blowing, reducing the oxidizability of bottom blowing gas, wherein T.Fe is used for reducing the iron content (T.Fe) in the slag and the terminal oxidizability of molten steel.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of steel making, in particular to a converter smelting method.
Background
In the top-bottom combined blowing converter, the power source for stirring the molten pool has three aspects: oxygen is blown into the top gun, and gas blown into the bottom gun reacts with carbon and oxygen to generate bubble stirring. Wherein, the stirring of top blowing and bottom blowing can be flexibly adjusted according to smelting requirements, and the stirring effect of bottom blowing on a molten pool is far higher than that of top blowing, so that the stirring effect is a main source of molten steel kinetic energy in the converter smelting process.
The bottom blowing strength of the domestic converter is generally 0.03-0.05 Nm3Between min/t, argon is usually adopted as bottom blowing gas, the argon is used as a gas source, the argon does not participate in chemical reaction, and only the dynamic stirring effect is realized. Along with the process of converter blowing, carbon elements of molten bath molten steel and slag FeO continuously react, the content of the slag T.Fe is gradually reduced, so that the slag is dried back, the lime melting speed and the lime melting rate are reduced, the viscosity of converter top slag is rapidly increased, the reaction dynamic conditions of the steel slag are worsened, and the dephosphorization efficiency is reduced.
In order to solve the two significant problems, domestic scholars conduct a great deal of research on bottom blowing, and mainly aim at the position distribution design of bottom blowing guns. However, for the existing converter, the difficulty of changing the bottom blowing and rotating layout, the shape and the like is great, and the normal production is influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The application provides a converter smelting method, which aims to solve the technical problems of reducing the phosphorus content of molten steel and reducing the iron content in slag simultaneously.
In a first aspect, the present application provides a method of converter smelting, the method comprising:
smelting molten iron in a converter, and bottom blowing the molten iron in the atmosphere of inert gas and carbon dioxide;
wherein the flow rate of the inert gas and the bottom blowing time satisfy a first quadratic function relationship;
the flow rate of the carbon dioxide and the bottom blowing time satisfy a second quadratic function relationship.
Optionally, the flow rate of the inert gas and the bottom blowing time satisfy the following relationship:
Qinertia device＝a1t2+b1t+c1，
In the formula, QInertia deviceIs the flow rate of the inert gas, t is the bottom blowing time, a1、b1And c1Respectively, the first coefficients.
Optionally, in the first coefficient,
a1＝15.6～17.6，
b1＝-226.5～-206.5，
c1＝747.7～847.7。
optionally, the a1The range of (a) is 16-17; b is1The range of (a) is-210 to-220; c is mentioned1The range of (1) is 780 to 820.
Optionally, the flow rate of the carbon dioxide and the bottom blowing time satisfy the following relationship:
QCO2＝a2t2+b2t+c2，
in the formula, QCO2Is the flow rate of the carbon dioxide, t is the bottom blowing time, a2、b2And c2Respectively, the second coefficients.
Optionally, in the second coefficient,
a2＝-12.9～-10.9，
b2＝157.5～177.5，
c2＝272.1～372.1。
optionally, the a2The range of (A) is-12.5 to-11; b is2The range of (A) is 160 to 175; c is mentioned2The range of (A) is 280 to 360.
Optionally, the total intensity of the bottom-blown gas is 0.045-0.167 Nm3/min/t。
Optionally, the converter smelting adopts a semisteel smelting process.
In a second aspect, the present application provides use of the method of the first aspect, said use comprising use of the method in a 150t-300t converter.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the application has the following advantages:
according to the method provided by the embodiment of the application, the molten iron is smelted in the converter, and bottom blowing is carried out on the molten iron under the atmosphere of inert gas and carbon dioxide; wherein the flow rate of the inert gas and the bottom blowing time satisfy a first quadratic function relationship;
the flow of the carbon dioxide and the bottom blowing time meet the second quadratic function relationship, the purposes of dephosphorization and reduction of T.Fe of slag can be simultaneously achieved, and CO is added into bottom blowing gas2The higher T.Fe can be ensured to be beneficial to slagging and dephosphorization, the condition of slag drying back in the middle stage of bottom blowing of the converter can be effectively relieved, and the dephosphorization efficiency is improved; the oxidizability of the bottom-blown gas can also be reduced, wherein T.Fe is used to reduce the iron content (T.Fe) in the slag and the terminal oxidizability of the molten steel.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with the invention and together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the invention.
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive exercise.
FIG. 1 is a graph of inert gas and carbon dioxide gas flow rates over time as provided in the examples of the present application.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present application, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
The application provides a converter smelting method, which comprises the following steps:
smelting molten iron in a converter, and bottom blowing the molten iron in the atmosphere of inert gas and carbon dioxide;
wherein the flow rate of the inert gas and the bottom blowing time satisfy a first quadratic function relationship;
the flow rate of the carbon dioxide and the bottom blowing time satisfy a second quadratic function relationship.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the inert gas includes any one of helium (He), neon (Ne), argon (Ar), and krypton (Kr). Argon is preferred.
As an alternative embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, the flow rate of the inert gas and the bottom blowing time satisfy the following relationship:
Qinertia device＝a1t2+b1t+c1，
In the formula, QInertia deviceIs the flow rate of the inert gas, t is the bottom blowing time, a1、b1And c1Respectively, the first coefficients.
In an alternative embodiment, the first coefficient is a coefficient of the first coefficient,
a1＝15.6～17.6，
b1＝-226.5～-206.5，
c1＝747.7～847.7。
as an alternative embodiment, the flow rate of the inert gas and the bottom blowing time satisfy the following relationship:
Qinertia device＝16.5t2-215t+800，
Wherein Q is the flow rate of the inert gas, and t is the bottom blowing time.
In the examples of this application, the a1The range of (a) is 16-17; b is1The range of (a) is-210 to-220; c is mentioned1The range of 780-820 is the preferable scheme of the application, and the dephosphorization rate can be 85.5-87.8% by matching with the corresponding carbon dioxide flow, and the T.Fe content in the slag is 19.6-22.7%.
As an alternative embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, the flow rate of the carbon dioxide and the bottom blowing time satisfy the following relationship:
QCO2＝a2t2+b2t+c2，
in the formula, QCO2Is the flow rate of the carbon dioxide, t is the bottom blowing time, a2、b2And c2Respectively, the second coefficients.
In an alternative embodiment, the second coefficient is a coefficient of the first coefficient,
a2＝-12.9～-10.9，
b2＝157.5～177.5，
c2＝272.1～372.1。
in the examples of this application, a1、b1、c1And a2、b2、c2Two groups of coefficients are obtained by long-term multiple experimental regression respectively, the parameter ranges of the coefficients are controlled, and the method has the advantages of being based on the reaction characteristics of different stages of converter blowingThe oxidizability of the slag is adjusted, and the thermodynamic and kinetic conditions of removing P are controlled.
As an alternative embodiment, the flow rate of the carbon dioxide and the bottom blowing time satisfy the following relationship:
QCO2＝-11.5t2+170t+320，
in the formula, QCO2And t is the flow rate of the carbon dioxide and the bottom blowing time.
In the examples of this application, the a2The range of (A) is-12.5 to-11; the range of b2 is 160-175; c is mentioned2The range of the phosphorus removal rate is 280-360, the phosphorus removal rate is the optimal scheme of the application, and the phosphorus removal rate can be 85.5-87.8% by matching with the corresponding carbon dioxide flow, and the T.Fe content in the slag is 19.6-22.7%.
In the embodiment of the application, the middle-term control of the bottom blowing of the converter improves the CO in the bottom blowing gas2The mixing proportion of the slag and the phosphorus is ensured to be favorable for slagging and dephosphorization, the condition of slag drying at the middle stage of bottom blowing of the converter can be effectively relieved, the dephosphorization efficiency is improved, and CO in bottom blowing gas is reduced at the later stage of bottom blowing of the converter2The mixing ratio of (1) and (2) is increased, the ratio of the inert gas Ar is increased, and the oxidizability of the bottom blowing gas is reduced, wherein T.Fe is used for reducing the iron content (T.Fe) in the slag and the terminal oxidizability of the molten steel.
In the embodiment of the application, a smelting mode of slag remaining can be adopted in smelting in the converter, and the amount of the slag remaining is 70-100%. Dephosphorizing by using active calcium oxide and higher T.Fe in the slag. The higher T.Fe is beneficial to effectively relieving the slag drying condition in the middle stage of bottom blowing of the converter and improving the dephosphorization efficiency.
In the embodiment of the application, the oxygen content in the molten steel at the end point of the converter and the FeO content in the slag can directly influence the oxygen content in the molten steel in the whole smelting process, and the high oxygen content in the molten steel and the slag can directly influence the cleanliness of the molten steel, so that the quality of a final product is influenced, the T.Fe content of the slag is increased, and the bottom blowing of the converter is carried out by adopting the mixed gas of inert gas and carbon dioxide.
The method in the embodiment of the application is suitable for molten steel with the capacity of 150-300 tons.
In the embodiment of the application, the oxidizing gas CO is utilized in the converter smelting process2Dynamically mixing with inert gas Ar, and dynamically adjusting CO according to metallurgical characteristic requirements in the converter blowing process2The mixing ratio of Ar and CO in the bottom blowing gas is increased during the drying return period of the converter blowing2By using CO in a mixing ratio of2Reacts with Fe element in molten iron to generate FeO which enters into the slag, obviously improves the slag drying phenomenon, can improve the stirring energy of a molten pool, and reduces CO in bottom blowing gas at the end stage of the converter2The mixing proportion of the inert gas Ar is increased, and the oxidizability of bottom blowing gas is reduced, so that the technical aims of efficiently dephosphorizing the converter and reducing T.Fe of the slag are fulfilled.
In the embodiment of the application, in the earlier stage of converter blowing, the bottom blowing gas source is mainly Ar gas and is supplemented with a small amount of CO2Then, Si and Mn removal reaction is started in the early stage of the converter.
In the embodiment of the application, in the middle stage of converter blowing, the FeO content in the slag basically reaches 10 percent, the slag starts to be dried again, the fluidity of the slag is obviously reduced, and CO in bottom blowing gas is converted into CO2The proportion is increased, at this stage, CO in the converter2The main chemical reactions involved are: CO22+[Fe]→ feo(s) + CO, also occurs simultaneously under top blown oxygen conditions: o2+2[ C ]]→2CO、CO2++[C]→ 2CO, i.e. bottom blown CO2Not only promotes the generation of FeO and improves the fluidity of slag, one unit of CO2Two unit quantities of CO are generated by the reaction with the molten steel, and the gas stirring effect is doubled. This stage provides good kinetic conditions for efficient dephosphorization.
Entering a decarburization stage at the later stage of converter blowing, converting an air source into Ar gas as a main part, and stirring by the Ar gas to generate supersaturated FeO in the slag to react as follows: FeO → [ Fe ] + [ O ], which can achieve the goal of reducing T.Fe of the slag. In the embodiment of the application, the reasons for realizing efficient dephosphorization of the converter and reducing T.Fe of the slag are that CO2 is blown into the slag in the middle smelting period to promote the formation of FeO in the slag and the generation of FeO, so that the fluidity of the slag is improved, and the dynamic condition of dephosphorization is obviously improved; in the later stage of smelting, the P removal task is basically completed, the gas source adopts inert gas, supersaturated FeO in the slag is reduced, and the iron loss is reduced.
As an optional implementation mode, the total gas intensity of the bottom blowing is 0.045-0.167 Nm3/min/t。
In the embodiment of the application, the reason for controlling the flow intensity of the mixed gas is to ensure the bottom blowing flow, promote the good dynamic conditions of the blowing process and have the beneficial effect of ensuring the efficient completion of the converter blowing.
The following examples are given to illustrate the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following examples.
Examples 1 to 3
The cases 1 to 3 are applied to 210t top-bottom combined blown converter, and the relevant parameters and implementation effects of bottom blown gas control are shown in table 1.
Table 1 converter bottom blowing gas control related parameters.
Comparative examples 1 to 3
Comparative examples 1 to 3 were applied to 210t top-bottom combined blown converter, and the relevant parameters and effects of bottom blowing gas control are shown in table 2.
Table 2 converter bottom blowing gas control related parameters.
As can be seen from tables 1 and 2, the slag drying condition in the middle stage of blowing can be effectively relieved in the embodiment group, the dephosphorization efficiency is improved, the dephosphorization rate is 88.5-91.3% and the T.Fe content in the slag is 16.9-18.8% in 14.9-15.9 min of blowing; in the comparative example group, the dephosphorization rate is between 85.5 and 87.8 percent and the T.Fe in the slag is between 19.6 and 22.7 percent when the blowing is carried out for 14.9 to 15.2 min; the converter smelting period can be shortened by 1-4 min, the T.Fe of the furnace slag is reduced by 0.5-4.5%, the period is shortened by 1-4 min, the P removal rate is improved for converter smelting or molten steel, the production efficiency is improved, the T.Fe of the furnace slag is reduced by 0.5-4.5%, and the iron loss is reduced for converter smelting or molten steel.
It is noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second," and the like, may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
The foregoing are merely exemplary embodiments of the present invention, which enable those skilled in the art to understand or practice the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (10)
1. A method of converter smelting, characterized in that the method comprises:
smelting molten iron in a converter, and bottom blowing the molten iron in the atmosphere of inert gas and carbon dioxide;
wherein the flow rate of the inert gas and the bottom blowing time satisfy a first quadratic function relationship;
the flow rate of the carbon dioxide and the bottom blowing time satisfy a second quadratic function relationship.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the first quadratic function is expressed as follows:
Qinertia device＝a1t2+b1t+c1，
In the formula, QInertia deviceIs the flow rate of the inert gas, t is the bottom blowing time, a1、b1And c1Respectively, the first coefficients.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein, in the first coefficients,
a1＝15.6～17.6，
b1＝-226.5～-206.5.
c1＝747.7～847.7。
4. the method of claim 2, wherein a is1The range of (a) is 16-17; b is1The range of (a) is-210 to-220; c is mentioned1The range of (1) is 780 to 820.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the second quadratic function is expressed as follows:
QCO2＝a2t2+b2t+c2，
in the formula, QCO2Is the flow rate of the carbon dioxide, t is the bottom blowing time, a2、b2And c2Respectively, the second coefficients.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the second coefficients,
a2＝-12.9～-10.9，
b2＝157.5～177.5，
c2＝272.1～372.1。
7. the method of claim 5, wherein a is2The range of (A) is-12.5 to-11; b is2The range of (A) is 160 to 175; c is mentioned2The range of (A) is 280 to 360.
8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the total intensity of the gas blown from the bottom is 0.045 to 0.167Nm3/min/t。
9. The method according to claim 1, wherein the converter smelting is a semisteel smelting process.
10. Use of the method according to any of claims 1-9, characterized in that the use comprises using the method in a 150t-300t converter.
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