CN112662839A - Method for producing ultra-low phosphorus steel by molten steel dephosphorization outside furnace - Google Patents
Method for producing ultra-low phosphorus steel by molten steel dephosphorization outside furnace Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for producing ultra-low phosphorus steel by molten steel dephosphorization outside a furnace, which comprises the following steps: obtaining converter molten steel; tapping the converter molten steel to obtain tapped molten steel, wherein the tapping temperature is 1615-1640 ℃, and in the tapping process, lime is added into the converter molten steel to control the converter slag alkalinity to be 3.5-5.5 and control the converter slag discharge amount to be less than or equal to 40 mm; refining the tapping molten steel to obtain ultralow-phosphorus molten steel; in the refining process, lime is added into the molten steel to control the alkalinity of the refining slag to be 8-12, the TFe mass fraction of the refining slag to be 21-30% and the bottom blowing flow to be 500-800 Nl/min, and gas is strongly stirred; and carrying out RH carbon deoxidation vacuum treatment on the ultra-low phosphorus molten steel, and then carrying out continuous casting to obtain the ultra-low phosphorus steel billet. The invention realizes the production of low-P and extremely low-P steel, improves the smelting yield and reduces the production cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of steelmaking, in particular to a method for producing ultra-low phosphorus steel by molten steel dephosphorization outside a furnace.
Background
A special steel grade is mainly used for new energy automobile materials and military products, and the steel grade requires that the P content of a finished product smelted by the steel grade is less than or equal to 0.006 percent, and belongs to extremely-low P steel. The traditional low-P steel production process mainly depends on the blowing oxidation dephosphorization of a converter. The P removal of the converter is calculated according to 90 percent, the smelting of low-P steel is realized by controlling the content of P in molten iron and improving the oxygen consumption of blowing, the smelting difficulty is high, the process stability is poor, the fluctuation of the final point P is large, and the average P of the actual converter tapping is 0.0065 percent. For the special purpose ultra-low P steel, when the finished product P is higher than the requirement, the grade of the steel needs to be degraded and judged, so that the order cannot be honored and the manufacturing cost is increased. In order to meet the production requirements of smelting the variety by a converter in a steel plant, a smelting method for producing the ultra-low P steel is developed, the user requirements of the special steel are met, and the cost waste in the production process is avoided.
Therefore, the development of a method for producing ultra-low phosphorus steel by molten steel dephosphorization outside the furnace becomes a key problem for the research of metallurgical workers.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for producing ultra-low phosphorus steel by molten steel dephosphorization outside a furnace, which realizes that the average finished product P is 0.0027%, the minimum P is 0.0014% and the maximum P is 0.0045%. The production of low-P and extremely-low-P steel is realized, the smelting rate is improved, the production cost is reduced, and meanwhile, the phenomenon that the cost is wasted in the production process or cannot be produced due to the limitation of tools is avoided.
In order to achieve the above objects, the present invention provides a method for producing ultra-low phosphorous steel by molten steel dephosphorization outside the furnace, the method comprising:
obtaining converter molten steel;
tapping the converter molten steel to obtain tapped molten steel, wherein the tapping temperature is 1615-1640 ℃, and in the tapping process, lime is added into the converter molten steel to control the converter slag alkalinity to be 3.5-5.5 and the converter slag discharge amount to be less than or equal to 40 mm;
refining the tapping molten steel to obtain ultralow-phosphorus molten steel; in the refining process, lime is added into the molten steel to control the alkalinity of the refining slag to be 8-12, the TFe mass fraction of the refining slag to be 21-30% and the bottom blowing flow to be 500-800 Nl/min, and gas is strongly stirred;
and continuously casting the ultra-low phosphorus molten steel to obtain the ultra-low phosphorus steel billet.
Further, when lime is added into the converter molten steel to control the converter slag alkalinity to be 3.5-5.5, 1000-1500 kg of lime per ton of steel is added.
Further, in the tapping process, forcibly stirring for 3-5 min after the furnace.
Further, when lime is added into the molten steel to control the alkalinity of the refining slag to be 8-12, 800-1000 kg of lime per ton of steel is added.
Further, in the refining process, lime is added into the molten steel after oxygen determination and sampling are finished.
Further, in the refining process, the slag melting time is controlled to be 5-8 min.
Further, the time for strong stirring of the gas with the bottom blowing flow rate of 500-800 Nl/min is 8 min.
Further, after the ultralow-phosphorus steel liquid is obtained, the power is 37-40 MW, the temperature is raised for 3-8 min to 1590-1600 ℃, then RH carbon deoxidation vacuum treatment is carried out on the ultralow-phosphorus steel liquid, and then continuous casting is carried out, so that the ultralow-phosphorus steel billet is obtained.
Further, the slag-stopping tapping adopted when the slag-off amount of the converter is controlled to be less than or equal to 40mm comprises one of a slag-stopping ball, a slag-stopping plug and a slag-stopping cone.
Further, in the bottom blowing, the gas blown from the bottom is argon or nitrogen.
One or more technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention have at least the following technical effects or advantages:
the invention provides a method for producing ultra-low phosphorus steel by molten steel dephosphorization outside a furnace, which comprises the following steps of controlling tapping conditions: the steel tapping temperature is 1615-1640 ℃, lime is added into the converter molten steel in the steel tapping process to control the converter slag alkalinity to be 3.5-5.5, and the converter slag discharging amount is controlled to be less than or equal to 40 mm; and by controlling the refining conditions: in the refining process, lime is added into the molten steel to control the alkalinity of the refining slag to be 8-12, the TFe mass fraction of the refining slag to be 21-30%, and the gas with the bottom blowing flow rate of 500-800 Nl/min is subjected to strong stirring; thus, the average finished product P is 0.0027%, the minimum P is 0.0014%, and the maximum P is 0.0045%. The production of low-P and extremely-low-P steel is realized, the smelting rate is improved, the production cost is reduced, and meanwhile, the phenomenon that the cost is wasted in the production process or cannot be produced due to the limitation of tools is avoided.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments are briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for producing ultra-low phosphorus steel by molten steel dephosphorization outside the furnace according to an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments and examples, and the advantages and various effects of the present invention will be more clearly apparent therefrom. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that these specific embodiments and examples are for the purpose of illustrating the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
Throughout the specification, unless otherwise specifically noted, terms used herein should be understood as having meanings as commonly used in the art. Accordingly, unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. If there is a conflict, the present specification will control.
Unless otherwise specifically stated, various raw materials, reagents, instruments, equipment and the like used in the present invention are commercially available or can be prepared by existing methods.
In order to solve the technical problems, the embodiment of the invention provides the following general ideas:
in order to achieve the above objects, the present embodiment provides a method for producing ultra-low phosphorous steel by molten steel dephosphorization outside furnace, comprising:
s1, obtaining converter molten steel;
s2, tapping the converter molten steel to obtain tapped molten steel, wherein the tapping temperature is 1615-1640 ℃, and in the tapping process, lime is added into the converter molten steel to control the converter slag alkalinity to be 3.5-5.5 and the converter slag discharging amount to be less than or equal to 40 mm;
s3, refining the molten steel to obtain ultralow-phosphorus molten steel; in the refining process, lime is added into the molten steel to control the alkalinity of the refining slag to be 8-12, the TFe mass fraction of the refining slag to be 21-30% and the bottom blowing flow to be 500-800 Nl/min, and gas is strongly stirred;
and S4, carrying out RH carbon deoxidation vacuum treatment on the ultra-low phosphorus molten steel, and then carrying out continuous casting to obtain the ultra-low phosphorus steel billet.
The invention controls the tapping conditions: the steel tapping temperature is 1615-1640 ℃, lime is added into the converter molten steel in the steel tapping process to control the converter slag alkalinity to be 3.5-5.5, and the converter slag discharging amount is controlled to be less than or equal to 40 mm; and by controlling the refining conditions: in the refining process, lime is added into the molten steel to control the alkalinity of the refining slag to be 8-12, the TFe mass fraction of the refining slag to be 21-30%, and the gas with the bottom blowing flow rate of 500-800 Nl/min is subjected to strong stirring; thus, the average finished product P is 0.0027%, the minimum P is 0.0014%, and the maximum P is 0.0045%. The production of low-P and extremely-low-P steel is realized, the smelting rate is improved, the production cost is reduced, and meanwhile, the phenomenon that the production cannot be carried out due to the cost waste in the production process or the limitation of a tool is avoided; the method is suitable for obtaining the extremely low P steel grade with the Mn less than or equal to 0.006%; specifically, the method comprises the following steps:
in the step S1, in the above step,
the reason that the tapping temperature is 1615-1640 ℃ is that low-temperature tapping is beneficial to controlling a steelmaking end point P, the steelmaking process P is controlled to be a low value, if the tapping temperature is lower than 1615 ℃, the adverse effects of steel bonding at the bottom of a ladle and poor bottom blowing effect exist, the refining de-P effect is influenced, meanwhile, the refining period is prolonged, if the tapping temperature is higher than 1640 ℃, the control of the converter end point P is adverse, the initial P of the de-P outside the refining furnace is higher, and the adverse effects are caused on the production of extremely low P steel;
the reason why lime is added into the converter molten steel to control the converter slag alkalinity to be 3.5-5.5 is as follows: the basicity of the slag is ensured, enough CaO is contained in the slag, the stable 3CaO & P2O5 is produced after P in the molten iron is oxidized, if the basicity of the converter slag is less than 3.5, the quantity of free CaO in the slag is insufficient, P2O5 in the slag is easy to decompose at high temperature and enter into the molten iron again, if the basicity of the converter slag is more than 5.5, the fluidity of the slag is deteriorated, the kinetic condition of dephosphorization is deteriorated, and the dephosphorization efficiency is greatly reduced.
The reason for controlling the slag amount of the converter to be less than or equal to 40mm is as follows: the slag discharging amount of the converter final slag is reduced, and conditions are created for slagging and removing P again in the refining process. If the slag amount of the converter is more than 40mm, P in the final slag of the converter2O5The content is high, the saturation degree of P in the slag is high, and the P removing effect in the refining process can be reduced.
In the step S2, in the above step,
the reason why lime is added into the molten steel to control the alkalinity of the refining slag to be 8-12 is as follows: the high-alkalinity slag is beneficial to removing P, if the alkalinity of the refining slag is less than 8, the P removing rate is low, and if the alkalinity of the refining slag is more than 12, the slag is seriously encrusted and has poor liquidity.
The reason for controlling the TFe mass fraction of the refining slag to be 21-30% is as follows: the top dross TFe is strongly oxidizing and is beneficial to removing P, if the mass fraction is less than 21%, the P removal rate is low, and if the mass fraction is more than 30%, the corrosion of the continuous casting refractory material may be adversely affected.
The reason that the gas is strongly stirred with the bottom blowing flow rate of 500-800 Nl/min is as follows: if the flow rate is less than 500Nl/min, the P removal kinetics is insufficient, and the P removal rate is low.
As an optional embodiment, when lime is added into the converter molten steel to control the converter slag alkalinity to be 3.5-5.5, 1000-1500 kg of lime per ton of steel is added.
As an optional implementation mode, in the tapping process, strong stirring is carried out for 3-5 min after the furnace. Aims to carry out ladle dephospitation in the tapping process by utilizing the dynamics of the tapping process.
As an optional embodiment, when lime is added into the molten steel to control the alkalinity of the refining slag to be 8-12, 800-1000 kg of lime per ton of steel is added.
As an optional embodiment, in the refining process, lime is added to the molten steel after oxygen determination and sampling are finished. And after the molten steel enters a refining treatment position, carrying out oxygen determination operation, and taking a refined station sample.
As an optional implementation mode, in the refining process, the slagging time is controlled to be 5-8 min. Aims to ensure that the new high-alkalinity slag in the refining process is well melted.
As an optional implementation mode, the time for the gas to be subjected to strong stirring is 8min, wherein the bottom blowing flow rate is 500-800 Nl/min. Aims to accelerate the P removal in the aspect of dynamics by utilizing large-flow strong stirring.
As an optional implementation mode, after the ultralow-phosphorus steel liquid is obtained, the power is 37-40 MW, the temperature is raised for 3-8 min to 1590-1600 ℃, then RH carbon deoxidation vacuum treatment is carried out on the ultralow-phosphorus steel liquid, and then continuous casting is carried out to obtain the ultralow-phosphorus steel billet.
As an optional implementation mode, the slag-stopping tapping adopted when the slag discharging amount of the converter is controlled to be less than or equal to 40mm comprises one of a slag-stopping ball, a slag-stopping plug and a slag-stopping cone.
In an alternative embodiment, the gas for bottom blowing is argon or nitrogen.
The method for producing ultra-low phosphorus steel by dephosphorizing molten steel outside the furnace according to the present application will be described in detail with reference to examples, comparative examples and experimental data.
Step 1, the molten iron is smelted in a converter to obtain converter molten steel, and the main components of the molten iron used in the following examples and comparative examples are shown in table 1.
Table 1 major ingredients
| Group of | C/％ | O/ppm | P/％ |
| Example 1 | 0.0292 | 539.563 | 0.0061 |
| Example 2 | 0.0291 | 832.021 | 0.0064 |
| Example 3 | 0.0276 | 692.722 | 0.007 |
| Comparative example 1 | 0.0377 | 774.391 | 0.006 |
| Comparative example 2 | 0.0438 | 511.631 | 0.0052 |
| Comparative example 3 | 0.0373 | 913.042 | 0.0078 |
| Comparative example 4 | 0.0253 | 1051.815 | 0.0067 |
| Comparative example 5 | 0.0301 | 631.807 | 0.0066 |
| Comparative example 6 | 0.0391 | 828.568 | 0.0068 |
| Comparative example 7 | 0.0313 | 987.532 | 0.0073 |
| Comparative example 8 | 0.0286 | 690.741 | 0.0072 |
| Comparative example 9 | 0.0461 | 637.668 | 0.007 |
| Comparative example 10 | 0.0478 | 661.386 | 0.007 |
| Comparative example 11 | 0.0277 | 824.947 | 0.0062 |
Step 2, tapping the converter molten steel to obtain tapped molten steel, wherein the tapping temperature is 1615-1640 ℃, and in the tapping process, lime is added into the converter molten steel to control the converter slag alkalinity to be 3.5-5.5 and the converter slag discharging amount to be less than or equal to 40 mm; the conditions of the comparative examples were different and the process parameters of each group are shown in table 2.
TABLE 2 Process parameters for each group
Step 3, refining the tapping molten steel to obtain ultralow-phosphorus molten steel; in the refining process, lime is added into the molten steel to control the alkalinity of the refining slag to be 8-12, the TFe mass fraction of the refining slag to be 21-30% and the bottom blowing flow to be 500-800 Nl/min, and gas is strongly stirred; the conditions of the comparative examples were different and the process parameters of each group are shown in table 3.
TABLE 3
And 4, carrying out RH carbon deoxidation vacuum treatment on the ultra-low phosphorus molten steel, and then carrying out continuous casting to obtain the ultra-low phosphorus steel billet. The phosphorus content of the finished steel for each group is shown in table 4.
TABLE 4
From the data in table 4, it can be seen that: in the comparative example 1, the tapping temperature is 1600 ℃, which is less than the range of 1615-1640 ℃ of the invention, the other conditions are the same as those in the example 1, and the finished product P is 0.0051%;
in the comparative example 2, the tapping temperature is 1650 ℃, which is higher than the range of 1615-1640 ℃ of the invention, the other conditions are the same as those in the example 1, and the finished product P is 0.0059%;
in comparative example 3, the converter slag amount is 50mm, which is not in the range of the converter slag amount of less than or equal to 40mm in the invention, the other conditions are the same as those in example 1, and the finished product P is 0.0060%;
in a comparative example 4, the alkalinity of the converter slag is 3, which is less than the range of 3.5-5.5 of the invention, other conditions are the same as those in the example 1, and the finished product P is 0.0066%;
in a comparative example 5, the alkalinity of converter slag is 6, which is larger than the range of 3.5-5.5 of the invention, other conditions are the same as those in example 1, and the finished product P is 0.0058%;
in a comparative example 6, the bottom blowing flow rate is 400, which is less than the range of 500-800 Nl/min of the invention, other conditions are the same as those in the example 1, and the finished product P is 0.0065%;
in a comparative example 7, the bottom blowing flow rate is 900, which is larger than the range of 500-800 Nl/min of the invention, other conditions are the same as those in the example 1, and the finished product P is 0.0061%;
in a comparative example 8, the TFe mass fraction of the refining slag is 15 percent and is less than the range of 21 to 30 percent of the invention, other conditions are the same as those of the example 1, and the finished product P is 0.0062 percent;
in a comparative example 9, the TFe mass fraction of the refining slag is 35 percent and is larger than the range of 21 to 30 percent of the invention, other conditions are the same as those of the example 1, and the finished product P is 0.0063 percent;
in a comparative example 10, the basicity of the refining slag is 6, which is less than the range of 8-12 of the invention, the other conditions are the same as those in example 1, and the finished product P is 0.0064%;
in a comparative example 10, the alkalinity of the refining slag is 15, which is larger than the range of 8-12 of the invention, the other conditions are the same as those in example 1, and the finished product P is 0.0046%;
in example 1-example 3, the finished product P is 0.0018-0.0023%;
in comparative examples 1 to 11, since some conditions of the tapping process and the refining process were different from those of the present invention, ultra low phosphorous steel could not be prepared. The method shows that all the tapping conditions are controlled (the tapping temperature is 1615-1640 ℃, lime is added into the converter molten steel to control the converter slag alkalinity to be 3.5-5.5 and the converter slag discharge amount to be less than or equal to 40mm) in the tapping process; and controlling refining conditions (in the refining process, lime is added into the molten steel to control the alkalinity of the refining slag to be 8-12, the TFe mass fraction of the refining slag to be 21% -30%, and gas with the bottom blowing flow rate of 500-800 Nl/min is subjected to strong stirring) to realize that the average finished product P is 0.0027%, the minimum P is 0.0014% and the maximum P is 0.0045%. The production of low-P and extremely-low-P steel is realized, the smelting rate is improved, the production cost is reduced, and meanwhile, the phenomenon that the cost is wasted in the production process or cannot be produced due to the limitation of tools is avoided.
Finally, it should also be noted that the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
While preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described, additional variations and modifications in those embodiments may occur to those skilled in the art once they learn of the basic inventive concepts. Therefore, it is intended that the appended claims be interpreted as including preferred embodiments and all such alterations and modifications as fall within the scope of the invention.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made in the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is also intended to include such modifications and variations.
Claims (10)
1. A method for producing ultra-low phosphorus steel by molten steel dephosphorization outside a furnace is characterized by comprising the following steps:
obtaining converter molten steel;
tapping the converter molten steel to obtain tapped molten steel, wherein the tapping temperature is 1615-1640 ℃, and in the tapping process, lime is added into the converter molten steel to control the converter slag alkalinity to be 3.5-5.5 and the converter slag discharge amount to be less than or equal to 40 mm;
refining the tapping molten steel to obtain ultralow-phosphorus molten steel; in the refining process, lime is added into the molten steel to control the alkalinity of the refining slag to be 8-12, the TFe mass fraction of the refining slag to be 21-30% and the bottom blowing flow to be 500-800 Nl/min, and gas is strongly stirred;
and carrying out RH carbon deoxidation vacuum treatment on the ultra-low phosphorus molten steel, and then carrying out continuous casting to obtain the ultra-low phosphorus steel billet.
2. The method for producing ultra-low phosphorus steel by dephosphorization outside the molten steel furnace according to claim 1, wherein the lime is added to the molten steel in the converter to control the basicity of the converter slag to be 3.5 to 5.5, and 1000 to 1500 kg/ton of steel lime is added.
3. The method for producing ultra-low phosphorus steel by molten steel dephosphorization outside the furnace as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the tapping process, the stirring is performed forcibly for 3-5 min after the furnace.
4. The method for producing ultra-low phosphorus steel by dephosphorization outside the molten steel according to claim 1, wherein lime is added to the molten steel to control the basicity of the refined slag to be 8 to 12, and 800 to 1000 kg/ton of steel is added.
5. The method for producing ultra-low phosphorus steel by dephosphorization outside the molten steel furnace according to claim 1, wherein lime is added to said molten steel during said refining process at the time of oxygen determination and sampling completion.
6. The method for producing ultra-low phosphorus steel by molten steel dephosphorization outside the furnace as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the refining process, the slagging time is controlled to be 5-8 min.
7. The method for producing ultra-low phosphorus steel by molten steel dephosphorization outside the furnace as claimed in claim 1, wherein the time of the gas strong stirring with the bottom blowing flow rate of 500 to 800Nl/min is 8 min.
8. The method for producing the ultra-low phosphorus steel by the external dephosphorization of the molten steel according to claim 1, wherein after the ultra-low phosphorus steel liquid is obtained, the power is 37-40 MW, the temperature is raised for 3-8 min to 1590-1600 ℃, then the ultra-low phosphorus steel liquid is subjected to RH carbon deoxidation vacuum treatment, and then continuous casting is carried out, so as to obtain the ultra-low phosphorus steel billet.
9. The method for producing ultra-low phosphorus steel by dephosphorization outside the molten steel furnace according to claim 1, wherein the slag-stopping tapping adopted when controlling the slag amount of the converter to be less than or equal to 40mm comprises one of a slag-stopping ball, a slag-stopping plug and a slag-stopping cone.
10. The method for producing ultra-low phosphorus steel by dephosphorization outside the molten steel furnace according to claim 1, wherein the gas blown from the bottom is argon or nitrogen when said bottom blowing is performed.
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| CN109778054A (en) * | 2019-01-14 | 2019-05-21 | 包头钢铁（集团）有限责任公司 | A kind of process using high phosphorus hot metal production ultra-low phosphoretic steel |
| CN110468248A (en) * | 2019-09-02 | 2019-11-19 | 湖南华菱湘潭钢铁有限公司 | A kind of method of dephosphorization after Converter |
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Application publication date: 20210416 |