CN114369698B - Converter smelting method - Google Patents
Converter smelting method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114369698B CN114369698B CN202111460640.7A CN202111460640A CN114369698B CN 114369698 B CN114369698 B CN 114369698B CN 202111460640 A CN202111460640 A CN 202111460640A CN 114369698 B CN114369698 B CN 114369698B
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- bottom blowing
- converter
- slag
- carbon dioxide
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
- C21C5/28—Manufacture of steel in the converter
- C21C5/30—Regulating or controlling the blowing
- C21C5/35—Blowing from above and through the bath
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C2300/00—Process aspects
- C21C2300/06—Modeling of the process, e.g. for control purposes; CII
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
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Abstract
The application relates to the technical field of steel making, in particular to a converter smelting method, which comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps: smelting molten iron in a converter, and bottom blowing the molten iron in the atmosphere of inert gas and carbon dioxide; wherein the flow rate of the inert gas and the bottom blowing time satisfy a first quadratic function relationship; the flow of the carbon dioxide and the bottom blowing time meet a second quadratic function relation, the flow of different gases in the bottom blowing mixed gas is changed along with the smelting progress of each ton of molten steel, the flow of the carbon dioxide is controlled to be higher in the middle period of bottom blowing, higher T.Fe is favorably ensured, slagging dephosphorization is favorably realized, and the dephosphorization efficiency is improved; and in the later stage of bottom blowing, reducing the oxidizability of bottom blowing gas, wherein T.Fe is used for reducing the iron content (T.Fe) in the slag and the terminal oxidizability of molten steel.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of steel making, in particular to a converter smelting method.
Background
In the top-bottom combined blowing converter, the power source for stirring the molten pool has three aspects: oxygen is blown into the top gun, and gas blown into the bottom gun reacts with carbon and oxygen to generate bubble stirring. Wherein, the stirring of top blowing and bottom blowing can be flexibly adjusted according to smelting requirements, and the stirring effect of bottom blowing on a molten pool is far higher than that of top blowing, so that the stirring effect is a main source of molten steel kinetic energy in the converter smelting process.
The bottom blowing strength of the domestic converter is generally 0.03-0.05 Nm 3 Between min/t, argon is usually adopted as bottom blowing gas, the argon is used as a gas source, the argon does not participate in chemical reaction, and only the dynamic stirring effect is realized. Along with the process of converter blowing, carbon elements of molten bath molten steel and slag FeO continuously react, the content of the slag T.Fe is gradually reduced, so that the slag is dried back, the lime melting speed and the lime melting rate are reduced, the viscosity of converter top slag is rapidly increased, the reaction dynamic conditions of the steel slag are worsened, and the dephosphorization efficiency is reduced.
In order to solve the two significant problems, domestic scholars conduct a great deal of research on bottom blowing, and mainly aim at the position distribution design of bottom blowing guns. However, for the existing converter, the difficulty of changing the bottom blowing and rotating layout, the shape and the like is great, and the normal production is influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The application provides a converter smelting method, which aims to solve the technical problems of reducing the phosphorus content of molten steel and reducing the iron content in slag simultaneously.
In a first aspect, the present application provides a method of converter smelting, the method comprising:
smelting molten iron in a converter, and bottom blowing the molten iron in the atmosphere of inert gas and carbon dioxide;
wherein the flow rate of the inert gas and the bottom blowing time satisfy a first quadratic function relationship;
the flow rate of the carbon dioxide and the bottom blowing time satisfy a second quadratic function relationship.
Optionally, the flow rate of the inert gas and the bottom blowing time satisfy the following relationship:
Q inertia ＝a 1 t 2 +b 1 t+c 1 ，
In the formula, Q Inertia Is the flow rate of the inert gas, t is the bottom blowing time, a 1 、b 1 And c 1 Respectively, the first coefficients.
Optionally, in the first coefficient,
a 1 ＝15.6～17.6，
b 1 ＝-226.5～-206.5，
c 1 ＝747.7～847.7。
optionally, the a 1 In the range of 16 to 17; b is described 1 The range of (a) is-210 to-220; c is mentioned 1 The range of (1) is 780 to 820.
Optionally, the flow rate of the carbon dioxide and the bottom blowing time satisfy the following relationship:
Q CO2 ＝a 2 t 2 +b 2 t+c 2 ，
in the formula, Q CO2 Is the flow rate of the carbon dioxide, t is the bottom blowing time, a 2 、b 2 And c 2 Respectively, the second coefficients.
Optionally, in the second coefficient,
a 2 ＝-12.9～-10.9，
b 2 ＝157.5～177.5，
c 2 ＝272.1～372.1。
optionally, the a 2 In the range of-12.5 to-11; b is 2 In the range of 160 to 175; c is said 2 Is in the range of 280 to 360.
Optionally, the total intensity of the bottom-blown gas is 0.045-0.167 Nm 3 /min/t。
Optionally, the converter smelting adopts a semisteel smelting process.
In a second aspect, the present application provides use of the method of the first aspect, said use comprising use of the method in a 150t-300t converter.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the application has the following advantages:
according to the method provided by the embodiment of the application, the molten iron is smelted in the converter, and bottom blowing is carried out on the molten iron under the atmosphere of inert gas and carbon dioxide; wherein the flow rate of the inert gas and the bottom blowing time satisfy a first quadratic function relationship;
the flow of the carbon dioxide and the bottom blowing time meet the second quadratic function relationship, the purposes of dephosphorization and reduction of T.Fe of slag can be simultaneously achieved, and CO is added into bottom blowing gas 2 The higher T.Fe can be ensured to be beneficial to slagging and dephosphorization, the condition of slag drying back in the middle stage of bottom blowing of the converter can be effectively relieved, and the dephosphorization efficiency is improved; the oxidizability of the bottom-blown gas can also be reduced, wherein T.Fe is used to reduce the iron content (T.Fe) in the slag and the terminal oxidizability of the molten steel.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with the invention and together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the invention.
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive exercise.
FIG. 1 is a graph of inert gas and carbon dioxide gas flow rates over time as provided in the examples of the present application.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present application, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
The application provides a converter smelting method, which comprises the following steps:
smelting molten iron in a converter, and bottom blowing the molten iron in the atmosphere of inert gas and carbon dioxide;
wherein the flow rate of the inert gas and the bottom blowing time satisfy a first quadratic function relationship;
the flow rate of the carbon dioxide and the bottom blowing time satisfy a second quadratic function relationship.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the inert gas includes any one of helium (He), neon (Ne), argon (Ar), and krypton (Kr). Argon is preferred.
As an alternative embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, the flow rate of the inert gas and the bottom blowing time satisfy the following relationship:
Q inertia device ＝a 1 t 2 +b 1 t+c 1 ，
In the formula, Q Inertia device Is the flow rate of the inert gas, t is the bottom blowing time, a 1 、b 1 And c 1 Respectively, the first coefficients.
In an alternative embodiment, the first coefficient is a coefficient of the first coefficient,
a 1 ＝15.6～17.6，
b 1 ＝-226.5～-206.5，
c 1 ＝747.7～847.7。
as an alternative embodiment, the flow rate of the inert gas and the bottom blowing time satisfy the following relationship:
Q inertia device ＝16.5t 2 -215t+800，
Wherein Q is the flow rate of the inert gas, and t is the bottom blowing time.
In the examples of this application, the a 1 In the range of 16 to 17; b is 1 The range of (a) is-210 to-220; c is mentioned 1 The range of (1) is 780-820, which is the preferable scheme of the application, and the dephosphorization rate can be between 85.5-87.8% by matching with the corresponding carbon dioxide flow, and the T.Fe content in the slag is between 19.6-22.7%.
As an alternative embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, the flow rate of the carbon dioxide and the bottom blowing time satisfy the following relationship:
Q CO2 ＝a 2 t 2 +b 2 t+c 2 ，
in the formula, Q CO2 Is the flow rate of the carbon dioxide, t is the bottom blowing time, a 2 、b 2 And c 2 Respectively, the second coefficients.
In an alternative embodiment, the second coefficient may comprise, in the second coefficient,
a 2 ＝-12.9～-10.9，
b 2 ＝157.5～177.5，
c 2 ＝272.1～372.1。
in the examples of this application, a 1 、b 1 、c 1 And a 2 、b 2 、c 2 The two groups of coefficients are obtained by long-term multiple experimental regression respectively, the parameter ranges of the coefficients are controlled, and the method has the advantages of adjusting the oxidability of the slag and controlling the thermodynamics and the kinetics conditions of removing P according to the reaction characteristics of different stages of converter blowing.
As an alternative embodiment, the flow rate of the carbon dioxide and the bottom blowing time satisfy the following relationship:
Q CO2 ＝-11.5t 2 +170t+320，
in the formula, Q CO2 And t is the flow rate of the carbon dioxide and the bottom blowing time.
In the examples of this application, the a 2 The range of (A) is-12.5 to-11; the range of b2 is 160-175; c is mentioned 2 The range of (1) is 280-360, which is the preferable scheme of the application, and the dephosphorization rate can be between 85.5-87.8% by matching with the corresponding carbon dioxide flow, and the T.Fe content in the slag is between 19.6-22.7%.
In the embodiment of the application, the middle-term control of the bottom blowing of the converterProduction and improvement of CO in bottom blowing gas 2 The mixing proportion of the slag and the phosphorus is ensured to be favorable for slagging and dephosphorization, the condition of slag drying at the middle stage of bottom blowing of the converter can be effectively relieved, the dephosphorization efficiency is improved, and CO in bottom blowing gas is reduced at the later stage of bottom blowing of the converter 2 The mixing ratio of (1) and (2) is increased, the ratio of the inert gas Ar is increased, and the oxidizability of the bottom blowing gas is reduced, wherein T.Fe is used for reducing the iron content (T.Fe) in the slag and the terminal oxidizability of the molten steel.
In the embodiment of the application, a smelting mode adopting slag retention can be adopted in smelting in the converter, and the slag retention amount is 70-100%. Dephosphorizing by using active calcium oxide and higher T.Fe in the slag. The higher T.Fe is beneficial to effectively relieving the slag drying condition in the middle stage of bottom blowing of the converter and improving the dephosphorization efficiency.
In the embodiment of the application, the oxygen content in the molten steel at the end point of the converter and the FeO content in the slag can directly influence the oxygen content in the molten steel in the whole smelting process, and the high oxygen content in the molten steel and the slag can directly influence the cleanliness of the molten steel, so that the quality of a final product is influenced, the T.Fe content of the slag is increased, and the bottom blowing of the converter is carried out by adopting the mixed gas of inert gas and carbon dioxide.
The method in the embodiment of the application is suitable for molten steel with the capacity of 150-300 tons.
In the embodiment of the application, the oxidizing gas CO is utilized in the converter smelting process 2 Dynamically mixing with inert gas Ar, and dynamically adjusting CO according to metallurgical characteristic requirements in the converter blowing process 2 The mixing ratio of Ar and CO in the bottom blowing gas is increased during the drying return period of the converter blowing 2 By using CO in a mixing ratio of 2 Reacts with Fe element in molten iron to generate FeO which enters into the slag, obviously improves the slag drying phenomenon, can improve the stirring energy of a molten pool, and reduces CO in bottom blowing gas at the end stage of the converter 2 The mixing proportion of the inert gas Ar is increased, and the oxidizability of bottom blowing gas is reduced, so that the technical aims of efficiently dephosphorizing the converter and reducing T.Fe of the slag are fulfilled.
In the embodiment of the application, in the earlier stage of converter blowing, the bottom blowing gas source is mainly Ar gas and is supplemented with a small amount of CO 2 The early Si and Mn removing reaction in the converter is started。
In the embodiment of the application, in the middle stage of converter blowing, the FeO content in the slag basically reaches 10 percent, the slag starts to be dried again, the fluidity of the slag is obviously reduced, and CO in bottom blowing gas is converted into CO 2 The proportion is increased, at this stage, CO in the converter 2 The main chemical reactions involved are: CO2 2 +[Fe]→ FeO(s) + CO, also occurs simultaneously under top-blown oxygen conditions: o2+2[C]→2CO、CO 2 ++[C]→ 2CO, i.e. bottom blown CO 2 Not only promotes the generation of FeO and improves the fluidity of slag, one unit of CO 2 Two unit quantities of CO are generated by the reaction with the molten steel, and the gas stirring effect is doubled. The stage provides good dynamic conditions for efficient dephosphorization.
Entering a decarburization stage at the later stage of converter blowing, converting an air source into Ar gas as a main part, and stirring by the Ar gas to generate supersaturated FeO in the slag to react as follows: feO → [ Fe ] + [ O ], which can achieve the goal of reducing T.Fe of the slag. In the embodiment of the application, the reasons for realizing efficient dephosphorization of the converter and reducing T.Fe of the slag are that CO2 is blown into the slag in the middle stage of smelting to promote the formation of FeO in the slag and the generation of FeO, so that the fluidity of the slag is improved, and the dynamic condition of dephosphorization is obviously improved; in the later stage of smelting, the P removal task is basically completed, the gas source adopts inert gas, supersaturated FeO in the slag is reduced, and the iron loss is reduced.
As an alternative embodiment, the total intensity of the gas blown from the bottom is 0.045-0.167 Nm 3 /min/t。
In the embodiment of the application, the reason for controlling the flow intensity of the mixed gas is to ensure the bottom blowing flow, promote the dynamic condition of the blowing process, and have the beneficial effect of ensuring the efficient completion of the blowing of the converter.
The following examples are given to illustrate the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following examples.
Examples 1 to 3
The cases 1 to 3 are applied to a 210t top-bottom combined blown converter, and the relevant parameters and implementation effects of bottom blowing gas control are shown in table 1.
Table 1 converter bottom blowing gas control related parameters.
Comparative examples 1 to 3
Comparative examples 1 to 3 were similarly applied to a 210t top-bottom combined blown converter, and the parameters and effects of controlling bottom-blown gas are shown in Table 2.
Table 2 converter bottom blowing gas control related parameters.
As can be seen from tables 1 and 2, in the example group, the slag drying condition in the middle stage of blowing can be effectively relieved, the dephosphorization efficiency is improved, the dephosphorization rate is 88.5-91.3% and the T.Fe content in the slag is 16.9-18.8% when the blowing is carried out for 14.9-15.9 min; in the comparative example group, the dephosphorization rate is between 85.5 and 87.8 percent and the T.Fe in the slag is between 19.6 and 22.7 percent when the blowing is carried out for 14.9 to 15.2 min; the smelting period of the converter can be shortened by 1-4 min, the T.Fe of the furnace slag is reduced by 0.5-4.5%, the period is shortened by 1-4 min, and the method has the beneficial effects of improving the P removal rate and the production efficiency of converter smelting or molten steel, reducing the T.Fe of the furnace slag by 0.5-4.5%, and reducing the iron loss of the converter smelting or the molten steel.
It is noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second," and the like, may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising a … …" does not exclude the presence of another identical element in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
The foregoing are merely exemplary embodiments of the present invention, which enable those skilled in the art to understand or practice the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (6)
1. A method of converter smelting, characterized in that the method comprises:
smelting molten iron in a converter, and bottom blowing the molten iron in the atmosphere of inert gas and carbon dioxide;
wherein the flow rate of the inert gas and the bottom blowing time satisfy a first quadratic function relationship;
the flow rate of the carbon dioxide and the bottom blowing time meet a second quadratic function relationship;
the expression of the first quadratic function is as follows:
Q inertia device =a 1 t²+b 1 t+c 1 ，
In the formula, Q Inertia device Is the flow rate of the inert gas, t is the bottom blowing time, a 1 、b 1 And c 1 Respectively, first coefficients;
in the first coefficient, the first coefficient is a coefficient,
a 1 =15.6～17.6，
b 1 =-226.5～-206.5,
c 1 =747.7～847.7；
the expression of the second quadratic function is as follows:
Q CO2 =a 2 t²+b 2 t+c 2 ，
in the formula, Q CO2 Is the flow rate of the carbon dioxide, t is the bottom blowing time, a 2 、b 2 And c 2 Respectively, the second coefficients;
of the second coefficients, the coefficients of which are,
a 2 =-12.9～-10.9，
b 2 =157.5～177.5,
c 2 =272.1～372.1。
2. the method of claim 1, wherein a is 1 In the range of 16 to 17; b is 1 The range of (a) is-210 to-220; c is mentioned 1 The range of (1) is 780 to 820.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein a is 2 The range of (A) is-12.5 to-11; b is 2 In the range of 160 to 175; c is mentioned 2 Is in the range of 280 to 360.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the total intensity of the gas blown from the bottom is 0.045 to 0.167Nm 3 /min/t。
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the converter smelting is a semisteel smelting process.
6. Use of the method according to any of claims 1-5, characterized in that the use comprises using the method in a 150t-300t converter.
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