CN108251593A - A kind of pneumatic steelmaking dynamic regulation bottom blowing CO2The method that flow improves denitrogenation - Google Patents
A kind of pneumatic steelmaking dynamic regulation bottom blowing CO2The method that flow improves denitrogenation Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
- C21C5/28—Manufacture of steel in the converter
- C21C5/30—Regulating or controlling the blowing
- C21C5/35—Blowing from above and through the bath
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Abstract
The invention belongs to pneumatic steelmaking field of quality control, are related to a kind of pneumatic steelmaking dynamic regulation bottom blowing CO2The method that flow improves denitrogenation, this method smelt the stage according to furnace gas traffic partition, continue bottom blowing CO smelting mid-term2, utilize CO2With the characteristic of C endothermic heat of reaction, good mushroom head covering is formed, to smelt later stage big flow bottom blowing CO2The protection of bottom blowing nozzle is provided, the later stage is being smelted, based on the down ratio of molten steel decarbonization rate, bottom blowing CO is gradually increased2Flow, make up caused by smelting later stage decarbonization rate and continuously decreasing that bubble yield gradually decreases in stove, enhance melting bath stirring, improve the dynamic conditions of denitrogenation.Can be by converter terminal nitrogen content stability contorting within 15ppm using the present invention, and the service life of converter bottom is not interfered with substantially.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to pneumatic steelmaking field of quality control, relate generally to a kind of pneumatic steelmaking dynamic regulation bottom blowing CO2Stream
The method that amount improves denitrogenation.
Background technology
As requirement of the market to steel product quality is increasingly harsh, the control problem of nitrogen content of molten steel just causes extensive concern.
Current convertor steelmaking process, generally use top blast supersonic jet, bottom blowing stirring of inert gas smelting mode, even if
Bottom blowing nitrogen is switched to argon bottom-blowing in the smelting later stage, endpoint molten steel nitrogen content is still generally higher than 30ppm, illustrates existing turn
Stove converting method is difficult to efficiently control terminal nitrogen content.
For current convertor steelmaking process, smelt mid-term reaction between carbon and oxygen and acutely occur, top blast oxygen almost all and carbon
Reaction, generates a large amount of carbon monoxide bubble, one side high-efficiency stirring molten bath, on the other hand using in bubble adsorbing and removing molten bath
Nitrogen-atoms, can efficiently and rapidly by molten steel nitrogen remove.
But with the progress of decarburizing reaction, the carbon content in molten steel continuously decreases, and top blast oxygen is difficult to acutely anti-with carbon
Should, most of oxygen will react generation iron oxide with iron, and decarbonization rate continuously decreases, the carbon monoxide bubble that reaction between carbon and oxygen generates
Quantity gradually decreases therewith, the notable dynamic conditions for being degrading denitrogenation of the reduction of bubble yield in stove.In order to control converter
The nitrogen content of smelting endpoint, currently used means are that bottom blowing nitrogen is switched to argon bottom-blowing smelting the later stage, but due to
Bottom blowing intensity is low, and melting bath stirring is weak, and bubbles volume is few in stove, is still difficult to the requirement for meeting denitrogenation.Continuing big flow bottom blowing can add again
The service life washed away erosion, shorten converter bottom of acute bottom blowing element.
Therefore, how under the premise of the life of bottom is not influenced, increase the bubble yield in converter smelting later stage as possible, change
The dynamic conditions of kind denitrogenation becomes the key technical problem of limitation converter smelting low nitrogen steel.
In addition, traditional converter smelting divided stages are based on parameters such as the duration of heat, oxygen step, fire door flame status, and
It cannot accurately reflect the variation of decarbonization rate and bubble yield in stove, it is therefore desirable to be smelted to divide with new quantizating index
Period more efficiently coordinates converter denitrogenation.
Invention content
In view of the above-mentioned problems, in order to improve the denitrogenation condition in converter smelting later stage under the premise of the life of bottom is not influenced,
The present invention is based on CO2Metallurgy characteristic and converter steelmaking process decarburization rule, it is proposed that a kind of pneumatic steelmaking dynamic regulation bottom
Blow CO2The method that flow improves denitrogenation.
The present invention technical principle be：(1)O2Reactivity is extremely strong at a temperature of steel-making, in converter smelting later stage carbon content
When low, a large amount of O2Generation FeO is reacted with Fe, which will not generate bubble, and the bubble yield for leading to the smelting later stage is gradual
It reduces, and CO2It either reacts with C or is reacted with Fe, bubble can be generated.(2)1Nm3CO2Being reacted with C can generate
2Nm3CO, double volume, therefore under identical bottom blowing flow, compared to bottom blowing Ar, bottom blowing CO2To the stirring capacity in molten bath
It is stronger.(3) elements such as converter smelting mid-term, Si, Mn are already oxidised completely, bottom blowing CO2Main and C is reacted, and CO2With C's
It reacts for strong endothermic reaction, which continues bottom blowing CO2Good mushroom head covering can be formed above bottom blowing nozzle, is avoided
Smelt later stage big flow bottom blowing CO2Bottom blowing nozzle is caused to corrode.(4) the converter smelting later stage with gradually decreasing for carbon content, takes off
Carbon rate is gradually reduced, and bubble yield gradually decreases therewith, therefore should gradually increase bottom based on the variation of decarbonization rate
Blow CO2Flow mitigates while corrode bottom blowing element, reaches more preferably denitrification effect.
The technical scheme is that：In converter steelmaking process, furnace gas flow is monitored in real time, according to the variation of furnace gas flow
Smelting process is divided into initial smelting period, mid-term is smelted and smelts the later stage, is as follows：
In the initial smelting period, due to CO2It is exothermic reaction with reacting for Si, Mn, is unfavorable for bottom blowing protection, therefore bottom
Blow N2, melting bath stirring is provided, bottom blowing flow is 0.01~0.1Nm3/t/min；
In the smelting mid-term, Si, Mn are already oxidised completely, CO2With reacting for strong endothermic reaction, therefore bottom blowing CO for C2,
Utilize CO2With C endothermic heat of reaction, good mushroom head covering is formed, to smelt later stage big flow bottom blowing CO2Bottom blowing nozzle is provided
Protection, bottom blowing flow are 0.01~0.1Nm3/t/min；
In the smelting later stage, the molten steel decarbonization rate (v originated with the converter smelting later stage0) on the basis of, according to real-time
Molten steel decarbonization rate (v), calculate the down ratio (ζ) of real-time molten steel decarbonization rate, the suppression ratio based on molten steel decarbonization rate
Example (ζ), establishes functional relation, bottom blowing CO is gradually increased2Flow (f), the converter smelting later stage starting bottom blowing CO2Flow is f0,
Reach maximum stream flow f in smelting endpointmax, make up the bubble production in stove caused by smelting later stage decarbonization rate and continuously decreasing
Raw amount gradually decreases, and enhances melting bath stirring, improves the dynamic conditions of denitrogenation, and endpoint molten steel nitrogen content is stably controlled
Within 15ppm, meanwhile, bottom blowing CO is gradually increased2Flow, lasting big flow bottom blowing CO can be mitigated2Converter bottom is invaded
Mesogenetic mushroom head is smelted in erosion, cooperation, and the method does not interfere with the life of bottom of converter.
The down ratio (ζ) of the molten steel decarbonization rate is calculated by following formula：
ζ=(v0-v)/v0
The bottom blowing CO2Flow (f) and the functional relation of molten steel decarbonization rate down ratio (ζ) be：
F=f0+ζ·(fmax-f0)
The bottom blowing CO2The bubbles volume (F) of generation is：
F=f+ φ f
Wherein φ is bottom blowing CO2The ratio to react with carbon in molten bath；
With being gradually reduced for smelting later stage decarbonization rate (v), bottom blowing CO in the method2Flow gradually increase, match
Close bottom blowing CO2Generation CO is reacted with carbon in molten bath, the bubbles volume generated by bottom blowing is gradually increased, makes up because decarbonization rate gradually drops
Bubble yield gradually decreases in stove caused by low, improves the dynamic conditions for smelting later stage denitrogenation.
In the smelting later stage, according to the down ratio of decarbonization rate, gradually increase bottom blowing CO2Flow, the converter
Smelt the bottom blowing CO of later stage starting2Flow minimum is 0.01~0.1Nm3/t/min；Reach bottom blowing CO during the smelting endpoint2
Peak flow values be 0.02~0.2Nm3/t/min..
In converter steelmaking process, furnace gas flow is the important indicator for reflecting bubble yield in reaction in furnace and stove, converter
After starting blowing, with the rising of decarbonization rate, furnace gas flow gradually increases；As the elements such as silicon, manganese, phosphorus have aoxidized substantially
Entirely, decarbonization rate substantially constant, furnace gas flow reaches maximum value, and keeps substantially constant；With the decline of carbon content, carbon
Mass transfer become Steps, decarbonization rate begins to decline, and furnace gas flow declines therewith.
The method monitors furnace gas flow in real time, according to the variation of furnace gas flow by smelting process be divided into initial smelting period,
It smelts mid-term and smelts the later stage, the furnace gas flow of the initial smelting period is gradually increased to stationary value M by 0；The smelting mid-term
Furnace gas flow maintains essentially in stationary value M, and fluctuation range is ± 10%；It is described smelt the later stage furnace gas flow by stationary value M by
Gradually decline, until blowing end point；Furnace gas flow when the stationary value M is decarbonization rate substantially constant is 5~10Nm3/t/
min。
The CO that the method uses2N in gas2Content is not higher than 1%.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：The present invention divides the smelting stage according to furnace gas changes in flow rate trend, by converter
Smelt mid-term bottom blowing CO2Good mushroom head covering bottom blowing nozzle is formed, is smelting decline of the later stage based on molten steel decarbonization rate
Bottom blowing CO is gradually increased in ratio2Flow, make up caused by smelting later stage decarbonization rate and continuously decreasing that bubble generates in stove
Amount gradually decreases, and enhances melting bath stirring, improves the dynamic conditions of denitrogenation, and endpoint molten steel nitrogen content is stably controlled in 15ppm
Within；Meanwhile bottom blowing CO is gradually increased2Flow, lasting big flow bottom blowing CO can be mitigated2Erosion to converter bottom, cooperation
Mesogenetic mushroom head is smelted, the method does not interfere with the life of bottom of converter.
Specific embodiment
Technical scheme of the present invention is described further with reference to specific embodiment.
A kind of pneumatic steelmaking dynamic regulation bottom blowing CO of the present invention2The method that flow improves denitrogenation, it is real in converter steelmaking process
When monitor furnace gas flow, according to the variation of furnace gas flow by smelting process be divided into initial smelting period, smelt mid-term and smelt the later stage,
It is as follows：
In the initial smelting period, due to CO2It is exothermic reaction with reacting for Si, Mn, is unfavorable for bottom blowing protection, therefore bottom
Blow N2, melting bath stirring is provided, bottom blowing flow is 0.01~0.1Nm3/t/min；
In the smelting mid-term, Si, Mn are already oxidised completely, CO2With reacting for strong endothermic reaction, therefore bottom blowing CO for C2,
Utilize CO2With C endothermic heat of reaction, for smelt later stage big flow bottom blowing CO2The protection of bottom blowing nozzle is provided, bottom blowing flow for 0.01~
0.1Nm3/t/min；
In the smelting later stage, based on the down ratio ζ of real-time molten steel decarbonization rate, functional relation is established, is gradually carried
High bottom blowing CO2Flow f, make the converter smelting later stage originate bottom blowing CO2Flow is f0, continue to increase, reach in smelting endpoint
Maximum stream flow fmax, while bottom blowing CO is gradually increased2Flow mitigate and continue big flow bottom blowing CO2Erosion to converter bottom, matches
It closes and smelts mesogenetic mushroom head, avoiding the life of bottom of converter reduces, and realizes that endpoint molten steel nitrogen content stability contorting exists
Within 15ppm.
The adjusting bottom blowing CO in the smelting later stage2The technique of flow is：
First, the molten steel decarbonization rate v of converter smelting later stage starting is calculated according to furnace gas flowmeter0It is taken off with real-time molten steel
Carbon rate v, substitutes into the down ratio ζ that real-time molten steel decarbonization rate is obtained in formula (1), and formula is as follows：
ζ=(v0-v)/v0(1),
In formula：Down ratios of the ζ for molten steel decarbonization rate, v0For the molten steel decarbonization rate of converter smelting later stage starting, v is
Real-time molten steel decarbonization rate is calculated according to furnace gas flow；
Down ratio ζ according to real-time molten steel decarbonization rate is obtained substitutes into formula (2) and bottom blowing CO is obtained2Flow f, formula
It is as follows：
F=f0+ζ·(fmax-f0) (2),
In formula：f0Bottom blowing CO for the starting of converter smelting later stage2Flow, fmaxReach bottom blowing CO during smelting endpoint2Maximum
Flow, ζ are the down ratio of real-time molten steel decarbonization rate,
Bottom blowing CO is improved according to formula (2)2Flow f substitute into formula (3) bottom blowing CO is obtained2The bubbles volume F of generation,
Formula is as follows：
F=f+ φ f (3),
In formula：φ is bottom blowing CO2The ratio to react with carbon in molten bath, f are bottom blowing CO2Flow.
The bottom blowing CO of the converter smelting later stage starting2Flow minimum is 0.01~0.1Nm3/t/min；The smelting
Reach bottom blowing CO during terminal2Peak flow values be 0.02~0.2Nm3/t/min..
In the converter steelmaking process, furnace gas flow is monitored in real time, is divided smelting process according to the variation of furnace gas flow
It is for initial smelting period, smelting mid-term and smelting later stage concrete technology：The furnace gas flow of initial smelting period is gradually increased to stationary value by 0
M；The furnace gas flow for smelting mid-term maintains essentially in stationary value M, and fluctuation range is ± 10%；The furnace gas for smelting the later stage
Flow is gradually reduced by stationary value M, until blowing end point；Furnace gas flow when the stationary value M is decarbonization rate substantially constant,
For 5~10Nm3/t/min。
The bottom blowing CO2N in gas2Content is not higher than 1%.
Embodiment 1
The present invention is applied on 100 tons of top and bottom combined blown converters, and furnace bottom arranges 6 pieces of capillary type bottom-blown air bricks, bottom blowing stream
It measures as 180~360Nm3/h。
By monitoring furnace gas flow in real time, smelting process is divided into initial smelting period, mid-term is smelted and smelts the later stage.
Initial smelting period, bottom blowing N2, bottom blowing flow is 180Nm3/ h, provides melting bath stirring.
Smelt mid-term, bottom blowing CO2, bottom blowing flow is 180Nm3/ h, utilizes CO2Mushroom head covering bottom is formed with C endothermic heat of reaction
Blow air brick.
Smelt later stage, bottom blowing CO2, bottom blowing flow gradually rises with the decline of decarbonization rate, and decarbonization rate often reduces
1%, bottom blowing CO2Flow increases 1.8Nm3/ h smelts the bottom blowing flow in later stage by the 180Nm that originates3/ h gradually increases to blowing eventually
The 360Nm of point3/h。
Result of implementation shows：After 100 tons of top and bottom combined blown converter methods using the present invention, terminal nitrogen content is stably controlled
Within 14ppm, more conventional technique averagely reduces 20ppm；Due to smelting mid-term bottom blowing CO2The mushroom head of formation is protected well
Bottom blowing nozzle even if smelting the later stage gradually increases bottom blowing flow, does not cause bottom blowing nozzle to corrode yet, and furnace bottom is presented instead
The trend of rise.
Embodiment 2
The present invention is applied on 300 tons of top and bottom combined blown converters, and furnace bottom arranges 8 pieces of bicyclic seam bottom-blown air bricks, bottom blowing stream
It measures as 400~1200Nm3/h。
By monitoring furnace gas flow in real time, smelting process is divided into initial smelting period, mid-term is smelted and smelts the later stage.
Initial smelting period, bottom blowing N2, bottom blowing flow is 400Nm3/ h, provides melting bath stirring.
Smelt mid-term, bottom blowing CO2, bottom blowing flow is 400Nm3/ h, utilizes CO2Mushroom head covering bottom is formed with C endothermic heat of reaction
Blow air brick.
Smelt later stage, bottom blowing CO2, bottom blowing flow is gradually upper high with the decline of decarbonization rate, and decarbonization rate often reduces
1%, bottom blowing CO2Flow increases 8Nm3/ h smelts the bottom blowing flow in later stage by the 400Nm that originates3/ h gradually increases to blowing end point
1200Nm3/h。
Result of implementation shows：After 300 tons of top and bottom combined blown converter methods using the present invention, terminal nitrogen content is stably controlled
Within 13ppm, more conventional technique averagely reduces 22ppm；And the life of bottom is not affected by influence, can still meet synchronous with furnace life.
Particular embodiments described above has been done the purpose of the present invention, technical solution and advantageous effect quantitative detailed
Illustrate, it should be understood that the above is only a specific embodiment of the present invention, be not intended to restrict the invention, it is all
Within the spirit and principles in the present invention, any modification, equivalent substitution, improvement and etc. done should be included in the protection of the present invention
Within the scope of.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of pneumatic steelmaking dynamic regulation bottom blowing CO2The method that flow improves denitrogenation, which is characterized in that in converter steelmaking process,
Monitoring furnace gas flow in real time, after smelting process is divided into initial smelting period, smelting mid-term and is smelted according to the variation of furnace gas flow
Phase is as follows：
In the initial smelting period, due to CO2It is exothermic reaction with reacting for Si, Mn, is unfavorable for bottom blowing protection, therefore bottom blowing N2,
Melting bath stirring is provided, bottom blowing flow is 0.01~0.1Nm3/t/min；
In the smelting mid-term, Si, Mn are already oxidised completely, CO2With reacting for strong endothermic reaction, therefore bottom blowing CO for C2, utilize
CO2With C endothermic heat of reaction, for smelt later stage big flow bottom blowing CO2The protection of bottom blowing nozzle is provided, bottom blowing flow for 0.01~
0.1Nm3/t/min；
In the smelting later stage, based on the down ratio ζ of real-time molten steel decarbonization rate, functional relation is established, bottom is gradually increased
Blow CO2Flow f, make the bottom blowing CO in converter smelting later stage2Flow is by the f that originates0Continue to increase, reach most in smelting endpoint
Big flow fmax, make up caused by smelting later stage decarbonization rate and continuously decreasing that bubble yield gradually decreases in stove, enhancing is molten
Pond is stirred, and improves the dynamic conditions of denitrogenation, and endpoint molten steel nitrogen content is stably controlled within 15ppm, meanwhile, it is gradually increased
The flow of bottom blowing CO2, can mitigate erosions of the lasting big flow bottom blowing CO2 to converter bottom, and mesogenetic mushroom is smelted in cooperation
Mushroom head, the method do not interfere with the life of bottom of converter.
2. a kind of pneumatic steelmaking dynamic regulation bottom blowing CO according to claim 12Flow improves the method for denitrogenation, feature
It is, the adjusting bottom blowing CO in the smelting later stage2The technique of flow is：
First, the down ratio ζ of real-time molten steel decarbonization rate is obtained according to formula (1), formula is as follows：
ζ=(v0-v)/v0(1),
In formula：Down ratios of the ζ for molten steel decarbonization rate, v0For the molten steel decarbonization rate of converter smelting later stage starting, v is real-time
Molten steel decarbonization rate；
Down ratio ζ according to real-time molten steel decarbonization rate is obtained substitutes into formula (2) and bottom blowing CO is obtained2Flow f, formula is as follows：
F=f0+ζ·(fmax-f0) (2),
In formula：f0Bottom blowing CO for the starting of converter smelting later stage2Flow, fmaxReach bottom blowing CO during smelting endpoint2Maximum stream flow,
ζ is the down ratio of real-time molten steel decarbonization rate,
Bottom blowing CO is obtained according to formula (2)2Flow f substitute into formula (3) bottom blowing CO is obtained2The bubbles volume F of generation, formula are as follows：
F=f+ φ f (3),
In formula：φ is bottom blowing CO2The ratio to react with carbon in molten bath, f are bottom blowing CO2Flow, with smelt later stage decarburization
Rate v's is gradually reduced, bottom blowing CO in the method2Flow gradually increase, cooperation bottom blowing CO2Generation is reacted with carbon in molten bath
CO gradually increases the bubbles volume generated by bottom blowing, make up because in stove caused by decarbonization rate continuously decreases bubble yield by
It is decrescence few, improve the dynamic conditions for smelting later stage denitrogenation.
3. a kind of pneumatic steelmaking dynamic regulation bottom blowing CO according to claim 22Flow improves the method for denitrogenation, feature
It is, the bottom blowing CO of the converter smelting later stage starting2Flow minimum is 0.01~0.1Nm3/t/min；The smelting endpoint
When reach bottom blowing CO2Peak flow values be 0.02~0.2Nm3/t/min.
4. a kind of pneumatic steelmaking dynamic regulation bottom blowing CO according to claim 12Flow improves the method for denitrogenation, feature
It is, in the converter steelmaking process, monitors furnace gas flow in real time, smelting process is divided by smelting according to the variation of furnace gas flow
Early period is refined, mid-term is smelted and smelts the later stage, specific partitioning standards are：The furnace gas flow of initial smelting period is gradually increased to stablize by 0
Value M；The furnace gas flow for smelting mid-term maintains essentially in stationary value M, and fluctuation range is ± 10%；The stove for smelting the later stage
Throughput is gradually reduced by stationary value M, until blowing end point；Furnace gas stream when the stationary value M is decarbonization rate substantially constant
Amount is 5~10Nm3/t/min。
5. a kind of pneumatic steelmaking dynamic regulation bottom blowing CO according to claim 1-3 any one2Flow improves the side of denitrogenation
Method, which is characterized in that the bottom blowing CO2N in gas2Content is not higher than 1%.
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112251610A (en) * | 2020-09-24 | 2021-01-22 | 攀钢集团攀枝花钢铁研究院有限公司 | Titanium carbide slag and smelting method thereof |
| CN113215349A (en) * | 2021-04-23 | 2021-08-06 | 甘肃酒钢集团宏兴钢铁股份有限公司 | Method for reducing free oxygen content of molten steel at converter end point |
| CN113234893A (en) * | 2021-04-14 | 2021-08-10 | 首钢集团有限公司 | Method for pre-refining molten steel |
| WO2021237946A1 (en) * | 2020-05-28 | 2021-12-02 | 北京科技大学 | Method for dynamic control of bottom-blowing o2-co2-cao converter steel-making process |
| CN114369698A (en) * | 2021-12-02 | 2022-04-19 | 首钢集团有限公司 | Converter smelting method |
| CN114941048A (en) * | 2022-04-15 | 2022-08-26 | 包头钢铁（集团）有限责任公司 | Method for mixing carbon dioxide and nitrogen as converter bottom blowing medium |
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| WO2021237946A1 (en) * | 2020-05-28 | 2021-12-02 | 北京科技大学 | Method for dynamic control of bottom-blowing o2-co2-cao converter steel-making process |
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| CN114941048A (en) * | 2022-04-15 | 2022-08-26 | 包头钢铁（集团）有限责任公司 | Method for mixing carbon dioxide and nitrogen as converter bottom blowing medium |
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| CN108251593B (en) | 2019-03-15 |
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Inventor after: Zhu Rong Inventor after: Wang Xueliang Inventor after: Zhu Changfu Inventor after: Hu Shaoyan Inventor after: Zhang Binglong Inventor after: Dong Kai Inventor after: Liu Runzao Inventor after: Lv Ming Inventor after: Wu Wenhe Inventor after: Han Baochen Inventor after: Wang Yun Inventor before: Zhu Rong Inventor before: Zhu Changfu Inventor before: Hu Shaoyan Inventor before: Dong Kai Inventor before: Liu Runzao Inventor before: Lv Ming Inventor before: Wu Wenhe Inventor before: Han Baochen Inventor before: Wang Yun Inventor before: Wang Xueliang |