CN113025778A - Method for reducing carbon powder consumption in electric furnace oxidation process - Google Patents
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- CN113025778A CN113025778A CN202110237311.XA CN202110237311A CN113025778A CN 113025778 A CN113025778 A CN 113025778A CN 202110237311 A CN202110237311 A CN 202110237311A CN 113025778 A CN113025778 A CN 113025778A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
- C21C5/52—Manufacture of steel in electric furnaces
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
- C21C7/0025—Adding carbon material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
- C21C7/04—Removing impurities by adding a treating agent
- C21C7/064—Dephosphorising; Desulfurising
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
- C21C7/04—Removing impurities by adding a treating agent
- C21C7/068—Decarburising
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for reducing carbon powder consumption in an electric furnace oxidation process, and belongs to the technical field of metallurgy. The invention reduces the consumption of carbon powder in the steel making by the electric furnace oxidation method by adding a blowing process after the melting process of the traditional electric furnace oxidation method and matching with the function of auxiliary materials. The converting process comprises the following steps: a bottom blowing gas mode is adopted in the smelting process, and N is adopted from the beginning of blowing to the 1/3 stage2Blowing, with CO at the stage from 1/3 to 2/32Blowing with CO mixed gas, blowing 2/3 to tapping before using CO2And blowing with Ar mixed gas. The invention adds the blowing process, combines the auxiliary materials through the stirring effect of bottom blowing gas, leads the added flux and auxiliary materials in each stage of electric furnace smelting to be quickly melted, slagging and slagging,the circular flow speed of the molten steel in the electric furnace molten pool is accelerated, the absorption of carbon powder in the smelting process is promoted, the utilization rate of the carbon powder is improved, and the problem that the carbon powder is too much consumed in the existing electric furnace oxidation steelmaking is effectively solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of metallurgy, relates to electric furnace oxidation process steelmaking, and particularly relates to a method for reducing carbon powder consumption in an electric furnace oxidation process.
Background
With the coming of the policy of the steel industry, the state increases the macroscopic regulation and control strength of the steel enterprises. In the face of more and more severe market challenges, cost pressure becomes an important factor restricting the development of iron and steel enterprises, and a low-cost operation mode becomes a consensus of the iron and steel enterprises. Since 2000, the production proportion of electric steel in China has declined from the highest 17.6% in 2003 to 6.1% in 2015, and the development speed is obviously behind that of converter steelmaking. The biggest challenge in the development of electric furnace steel making is that the cost competitiveness is weaker than that of converter steel making, the current electric furnace steel making cost is 10-30% higher than that of converter steel making, the factors influencing the electric furnace steel making cost are more, and the energy and resource consumption are the most critical factors.
The carbon content in steel is higher, the strength and the hardness of the steel are higher, and the carbon content in the steel is increased by adding carbon powder in industrial production, so the carbon powder is an important raw material in electric furnace steelmaking. The smelting process of the traditional electric furnace oxidation method comprises the working procedures of fettling, charging, melting, oxidation period, reduction period and tapping, and because bottom blowing is not adopted, the metallurgical power condition is poor, the materials are not uniformly mixed, and meanwhile, the smelting time is long, the utilization rate of carbon powder is low, and the carbon powder consumption is high.
The document (Lifuxiu, a new technology for steelmaking by a bottom-blown arc furnace [ J ]. Shanghai Steel research, 2000(01):55.) shows that the deep (bottom) blowing of gas into molten steel is an effective method for improving the stirring capacity of a molten pool, accelerating metallurgical reaction in the furnace, shortening smelting time and reducing resource and cost consumption. However, the existing electric furnace bottom blowing process does not have a proper gas system and a proper process scheme for industrial production, a proper bottom blowing gas system for traditional electric furnace steel making is found at the present stage, and the combination of the bottom blowing technology and the traditional electric furnace steel making technology has important significance for steel making, so the invention aims to find a bottom blowing gas system and a process which can effectively reduce carbon powder consumption.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem that the carbon powder is excessively consumed in the steel making by the existing electric furnace oxidation method.
The invention reduces the consumption of carbon powder in the steel making by the electric furnace oxidation method by adding the blowing process after the melting process of the traditional electric furnace oxidation method, and can further reduce the production cost by combining the function of auxiliary materials. The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: a method for reducing carbon powder consumption in an electric furnace oxidation process comprises the following steps:
a. a charging process: leaving a furnace in an electric furnace for smelting steel according to the charging requirement, and then adding auxiliary materials and steel scrap materials into the furnace;
b. a melting process: melting the materials after electrifying, adding carbon powder in the melting process of the materials, and blowing oxygen into the furnace;
c. a converting process: in the bottom blowing gas mode, N is used from the beginning of blowing to the 1/3 stage2The control flow rate is 0.06-0.25Nm3T.min; CO is used in the blowing 1/3-2/3 stage2Mixed with CO gas, the flow rate is controlled to be 0.10-0.35Nm3T.min; blowing 2/3 to before tapping with CO2Mixed with Ar gas, the flow rate is controlled to be 0.2-0.45Nm3/t·min。
In the step a, the auxiliary materials are lime, fluorite and slag melting agent, the adding amount of the auxiliary materials is 18-22kg/t steel of lime, 4-5kg/t steel of fluorite and 2-5kg/t steel of slag melting agent.
Further, the CaO content in the lime is 85-90% by mass percent; the fluorite component is CaF according to mass percentage2More than 48 percent, more than 50 percent of CaO and the balance of inevitable impurities; the chemical components of the slag melting agent comprise 20-30% of CaO and Al in percentage by mass2O340-50％，Fe2O310-20％，MAl≥15％，P≤0.05％，S≤0.15％，SiO25-15% and the balance of inevitable impurities.
In the step b, the adding amount of the carbon powder is 20-40kg/t steel, and the content of C in the carbon powder is 93-97 percent by mass.
In the step c, N is adopted from the beginning of blowing to the stage 1/32The control flow rate is 1.8-2.4Nm3/t·min。
In the step c, CO is adopted in the 1/3 to 2/3 blowing stages2Mixed with CO gas, CO2The ratio of the flow rate of the carbon dioxide to the CO is (2.8-3.2) to (0.8-1.2), and the control flow rate is 0.28-0.35Nm3/t·min。
In the step c, CO is adopted from blowing 2/3 to tapping2Mixed with Ar, CO2The ratio of the flow rate of Ar to the flow rate of Ar is (3.5-4.3) to (0.9-1.2), and the flow rate is controlled to be 0.28-0.41Nm3/t·min。
In the step a, 9-12t of steel is smelted in the electric furnace, and 43-47t of scrap steel materials are left in the electric furnace.
In the step b, the oxygen is blown in an amount of 10-30m3The oxygen pressure is 0.8-1.2 MPa.
The method is adopted for smelting steel, and the final temperature is controlled to 1650-1720 ℃ during tapping.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: by means of an inert gas N2Bottom blowing to mix the auxiliary material, carbon powder and molten steel and promote the C in the molten steel]Reacting with slag; then using CO2The bottom blowing is carried out on the molten steel and the CO mixed gas, so that the reaction speed of the slag metal is improved, the desulfurization reaction of sulfide in the molten steel and CaO in auxiliary materials is promoted, and the utilization rate of the auxiliary materials and carbon powder is improved; finally use CO2Bottom blowing with Ar gas mixture, CO2Continuously promoting the reaction of the molten steel and the [ C ] in the molten steel]The reaction accelerates the decarburization reaction rate, reduces the smelting time, improves the heat utilization rate, thereby reducing the carbon powder consumption, and Ar removes the redundant [ N ] in the molten steel]And the tapping quality and performance are ensured.
The auxiliary materials added before blowing can rapidly form slag, the melting point of refractory substances is reduced, the flow of slag is promoted, and the liquidity of molten steel is improved, wherein the slag melting is accelerated after the slag melting agent is added, so that the smelting time is reduced, the heat utilization rate is improved, and the carbon powder consumption is reduced; meanwhile, the slag melting agent can well separate slag and metal, reduce iron loss and save cost.
The bottom blowing process is added in the traditional electric furnace steelmaking, the circulation flow speed of molten steel in the electric furnace molten pool is accelerated and the flow range is expanded by the stirring of bottom blowing gas and the action of added auxiliary materials, so that carbon powder fully reacts in the smelting process, the utilization rate of the carbon powder is improved, and the consumption of the carbon powder is effectively reduced.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention can be specifically implemented as follows.
A method for reducing carbon powder consumption in an electric furnace oxidation process comprises the following steps:
1. a charging process: leaving a furnace in an electric furnace for smelting steel according to the charging requirement, and then adding auxiliary materials and steel scrap materials into the furnace;
2. a melting process: melting the materials after electrifying, adding carbon powder in the melting process of the materials, and blowing oxygen into the furnace;
3. a converting process: in the bottom blowing gas mode, N is used from the beginning of blowing to the 1/3 stage2The control flow rate is 0.06-0.25Nm3T.min; CO is used in the blowing 1/3-2/3 stage2Mixed with CO gas, the flow rate is controlled to be 0.10-0.35Nm3T.min; blowing 2/3 to before tapping with CO2Mixed with Ar gas, the flow rate is controlled to be 0.2-0.45Nm3/t·min；
4. Tapping: and after bottom blowing is finished, controlling the end point temperature and tapping.
In the step 1, the auxiliary materials are lime, fluorite and slag melting agent, and in order to control the steel components more conveniently and reduce the cost, the addition amount of the auxiliary materials is preferably 18-22kg/t steel of lime, 4-5kg/t steel of fluorite and 2-5kg/t steel of slag melting agent.
In order to avoid bringing excessive impurities, the quality of the molten steel is controlled, and more preferably, the CaO content in the lime is 85-90% by mass percent; the fluorite component is CaF according to mass percentage2More than 48 percent, more than 50 percent of CaO and the balance of inevitable impurities; the chemical components of the slag melting agent comprise 20-30% of CaO and Al in percentage by mass2O340-50％，Fe2O310-20％，MAl≥15％，P≤0.05％，S≤0.15％，SiO25-15% and the balance of inevitable impurities.
In order to save the smelting cost, it is preferable that N2 is used from the start of blowing to the 1/3 stage in the step 3, and the flow rate is controlled to be 1.8-2.4Nm3T.min; CO is used in the blowing 1/3-2/3 stage2Mixed with CO gas, CO2The ratio of the flow rate of the carbon dioxide to the CO is (2.8-3.2) to (0.8-1.2), and the control flow rate is 0.28-0.35Nm3T.min; blowing 2/3 to before tapping with CO2Mixed with Ar, CO2The ratio of the flow rate of Ar to the flow rate of Ar is (3.5-4.3) to (0.9-1.2), and the flow rate is controlled to be 0.28-0.41Nm3/t·min。
In order to control the steel components more conveniently and reduce the cost, it is preferable that 9-12t of steel is smelted in the electric furnace and 43-47t of scrap steel materials are left in the electric furnace in the step 1; in the step 2, the adding amount of carbon powder is 20-40kg/t steel, and the content of C in the carbon powder is 93-97% by mass percent.
In order to ensure the quality of electric furnace steelmaking, it is preferable that the oxygen blowing amount is 10 to 30m3/t steel and the oxygen pressure is 0.8 to 1.2Mpa in the above step 2; when tapping, the final temperature is controlled to 1650-1720 ℃.
The technical solution and effects of the present invention will be further described below by way of practical examples.
Examples
This example provides two sets of processes for smelting steel using the method of the present invention, as in examples 1 and 2; meanwhile, a group of processes for converting the same die steel by the traditional electric furnace oxidation bottomless blowing method are provided, and as shown in a comparative example 3, the specific smelting process comprises the following steps:
1. and (2) leaving a furnace in the electric furnace for smelting steel, then adding auxiliary materials and scrap steel materials into the furnace, melting the materials after electrifying the furnace, adding carbon powder in the melting process of the materials, and simultaneously blowing oxygen into the furnace, wherein the specific process parameters are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 electric furnace steelmaking Process parameters
2. Examples 1 and 2, bottom blowing gas mode was used in the smelting process, and N was used from the start of blowing to 1/32The flow rate is controlled to be 0.06-0.25Nm3T.min; CO is used in the blowing 1/3-2/3 stage2Mixed with CO gas, CO2The ratio of the carbon to the CO is 3:1, and the reaction is controlledThe flow rate is 0.10-0.35Nm3T.min; blowing 2/3 to before tapping with CO2Mixed with Ar, CO2The ratio of Ar to Ar is 4:1, and the flow rate is controlled to be 0.2-0.45Nm3/t·min。
TABLE 2 bottom blowing Process parameters
3. Controlling the end point temperature of the comparative example 3 to be 1690 ℃; after the bottom blowing was finished, the finishing temperature of examples 1 and 2 was controlled to 1690 ℃ and tapping was carried out.
The control level of the components and the quality of the die steel finished product produced by the method and the control level of the components and the quality of the die steel finished product smelted by the traditional electric furnace can meet the requirements of customers.
According to the embodiment, the carbon powder consumption of the electric furnace for smelting the same type of die steel is averagely 24kg/t steel, and the carbon powder consumption of the traditional electric furnace for smelting the die steel is 50kg/t steel. In conclusion, after the method is adopted to smelt the die steel, the average carbon powder consumption of each ton of steel is reduced from 50kg/t steel to 24kg/t steel, and the method has obvious benefits of reducing the carbon powder consumption of the electric furnace.
Claims (10)
1. A method for reducing carbon powder consumption in an electric furnace oxidation method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
a. a charging process: leaving a furnace in an electric furnace for smelting steel according to the charging requirement, and then adding auxiliary materials and steel scrap materials into the furnace;
b. a melting process: melting the materials after electrifying, adding carbon powder in the melting process of the materials, and blowing oxygen into the furnace;
c. a converting process: in the bottom blowing gas mode, N is used from the beginning of blowing to the 1/3 stage2The control flow rate is 0.06-0.25Nm3T.min; CO is used in the blowing 1/3-2/3 stage2Mixed with CO gas, the flow rate is controlled to be 0.10-0.35Nm3T.min; blowing 2/3 to before tapping with CO2Mixed with Ar gas, the flow rate is controlled to be 0.2-0.45Nm3/t·min。
2. The method for reducing carbon powder consumption in an electric furnace oxidation process according to claim 1, wherein: in the step a, the auxiliary materials are lime, fluorite and slag melting agent, the adding amount of the auxiliary materials is 18-22kg/t steel of lime, 4-5kg/t steel of fluorite and 2-5kg/t steel of slag melting agent.
3. A method for reducing carbon powder consumption in an electric furnace oxidation process according to claim 2, wherein: the CaO content in the lime is 85-90% by mass percent; the fluorite component is CaF according to mass percentage2More than 48 percent, more than 50 percent of CaO and the balance of inevitable impurities; the chemical components of the slag melting agent comprise 20-30% of CaO and Al in percentage by mass2O340-50％，Fe2O310-20％，MAl≥15％，P≤0.05％，S≤0.15％，SiO25-15% and the balance of inevitable impurities.
4. A method for reducing carbon powder consumption in an electric furnace oxidation process according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein: in the step b, the adding amount of carbon powder is 20-40kg/t steel, and the content of C in the carbon powder is 93-97% by mass percent.
5. A method for reducing carbon powder consumption in an electric furnace oxidation process according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein: in step c, N is adopted from the beginning of blowing to the stage 1/32The control flow rate is 1.8-2.4Nm3/t·min。
6. A method for reducing carbon powder consumption in an electric furnace oxidation process according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein: in step c, CO is used in the 1/3-2/3 blowing stages2Mixed with CO gas, CO2The ratio of the carbon dioxide to CO is (2.8-3.2) to (0.8-1.2), and the control flow rate is 0.28-0.35Nm3/t·min。
7. A method for reducing carbon powder consumption in an electric furnace oxidation process according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: in step c, CO is used for blowing 2/3 to before tapping2Mixed with Ar, CO2The ratio of Ar to Ar is (3.5-4.3): (0.9-1.2), the control flow is 0.28-0.41Nm3/t·min。
8. A method for reducing carbon powder consumption in an electric furnace oxidation process according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein: in the step a, 9-12t of steel is smelted in the electric furnace, and 43-47t of scrap steel materials are left in the electric furnace.
9. A method for reducing carbon powder consumption in an electric furnace oxidation process according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein: in step b, the oxygen blowing amount is 10-30m3The oxygen pressure is 0.8-1.2 MPa.
10. A method for reducing carbon powder consumption in an electric furnace oxidation process according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein: when tapping, the end point temperature is controlled to 1650-1720 ℃.
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