CN114368310A - 在充电桩认证和释放车辆充电过程的方法、充电桩和车辆 - Google Patents

在充电桩认证和释放车辆充电过程的方法、充电桩和车辆 Download PDF

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CN114368310A
CN114368310A CN202111205067.5A CN202111205067A CN114368310A CN 114368310 A CN114368310 A CN 114368310A CN 202111205067 A CN202111205067 A CN 202111205067A CN 114368310 A CN114368310 A CN 114368310A
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S·格拉赫
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    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
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    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于在充电桩（1）处认证和释放电动车辆或混合动力车辆（10）的充电过程的方法、充电桩（1）以及电动车辆或混合动力车辆（10），其中所述电动车辆或混合动力车辆（10）经由充电线缆（2）而将标识符传送到所述充电桩（1），其中所述充电桩（1）接收所述标识符并且检验：是否针对所述标识符而在所述充电桩（1）的列表中存在用于使用所述充电桩（1）的权限，其中在存在所述权限的情况下开始所述充电过程。

Description

在充电桩认证和释放车辆充电过程的方法、充电桩和车辆
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于在充电桩处认证（Authentifizierung）和释放（Freigabe）电动车辆或混合动力车辆的充电过程的方法、充电桩和电动车辆或混合动力车辆。
背景技术
尤其是在私有充电桩的情况下存在如下问题：一方面保护所述充电桩免遭滥用而另一方面将充电过程尽可能设计得并不复杂。如果充电桩被持续通电，则并不存在针对滥用的保护。相反，如果认证过于复杂，则这对于有权限的用户而言是麻烦的。
从DE 10 2010 000 280 A1中已知一种用于对可连接车辆进行充电的管理系统，其中该管理系统具有通信模块，该通信模块为了执行对可连接车辆中的门锁的锁定和释放而从具有电子证明的钥匙调用标识信息。此外该系统具有安全模块，该安全模块具有验证模块，该验证模块用于验证：是否基于已通过通信模块所调用的标识信息而存在按照规定的钥匙。该安全模块于是在检测到按照规定的钥匙的情况下允许针对可连接车辆的充电过程。缺点在于：在当代的机动车情况下不再存在车钥匙。
从DE 10 2009 035 627中已知可接通和关断的用于给电动汽车充电的充电插座，其具有开关元件，所述开关元件装配在输入连接端子和输出连接端之间，其中所述输出连接端应与要充电的车辆连接，所述开关元件的控制输入端与操控组件连接，所述操控结构组件用于接通或关断所述充电插座，其中所述操控结构组件从功能元件和所分配的评估处理装置连接。该功能元件例如是无线电接收器、指纹接口、用于PIN码的输入键盘、锁或读卡设备。缺陷在于：在每次使用时都必须重新进行识别。
从US 2018/0194242 A1中已知一种用于认证的方法，其中移动终端设备将标识符（Kennung）传送给充电桩，其中在该充电桩处将所述标识符与权限列表（白名单（whitelist））中所保存的标识符相比较，以便在肯定结果情况下释放充电过程。
从US 2014/0074308 A1或US 2012/0150360 A1中分别已知一种在充电桩处用于认证和释放电动车辆或混合动力车辆的充电过程的方法，其中该电动车辆或混合动力车辆经由充电线缆而将标识符传送到充电桩，其中该充电桩接收该标识符并检验是否针对该标识符而在充电桩的列表中存在用于使用充电桩的权限，其中在存在所述权限的情况下开始充电过程。
从US 2016/0084672 A1、DE 10 2009 033 051 A1和JP 2009-165301 A1中已知类似的方法。
本发明所基于的技术问题在于：提供一种用于在充电桩处认证和释放电动车辆或混合动力车辆的充电过程的用户友好的方法。另一个技术问题则是创建一种适合的充电桩以及适合的电动车辆或混合动力车辆。
发明内容
所述技术问题的解决方案通过具有本发明的特征的方法、具有本发明的特征的充电桩以及具有本发明的特征的电动车辆或混合动力车辆而得出。本发明的其他有利设计方案也从下文中得出。
在用于在充电桩处认证和释放电动车辆或混合动力车辆的充电过程的方法中，从该电动车辆或混合动力车辆经由充电线缆而将标识符传送到充电桩，其中该充电桩接收该标识符并检验：是否针对该标识符而在充电桩中的列表（白名单）中存在用于使用充电桩的权限，其中在存在所述权限的情况下开始充电过程。该方法具有一系列的优点。一个优点在于：用户不必进行特殊互动（诸如操纵钥匙或输入PIN码）。该方法可以在电动车辆或混合动力车辆与充电桩之间自动化地进行并且例如通过插接充电线缆而开始。该充电桩不需要与后端连接并且该车辆不需要用于与充电桩进行通信的其他接口。在此，所述通信可以由所述电动车辆或混合动力车辆开始或者由充电桩开始。该标识符在此例如是唯一的（eindeutig）车辆标识符或者是其他标识符。该通信可以在此以不加密的方式或者以加密的方式而进行。
对于将车辆标识符首次录入（Eintragung）到该列表中现在存在不同可能性。
根据本发明，所述电动车辆或混合动力车辆经由充电线缆而将激活码（Freischalt-Code）传输到所述充电桩，其中在充电桩确认了该激活码之后，该电动车辆或混合动力车辆将标识符传输到充电桩，充电桩然后接收该标识符并将其存储在列表中。
在一种实施方式中，借助在充电桩处布置的本地（lokal）输入单元而激活该充电桩并且将利用充电线缆连接到充电桩上的电动车辆或混合动力车辆的标识符传输到该充电桩并且存储在该充电桩的列表中作为未来有权限的。该输入单元例如是锁、输入键盘或读卡设备。
在另一种可替代的或补充的实施方式中，从后端将电动车辆或混合动力车辆的标识符传送给该充电桩，其中该充电桩然后将所传送的标识符存储在列表中。因此，充电桩的所有者可以例如经由计算机或移动无线电终端设备而事先将该标识符传输到该充电桩，从而使该标识符在要充电的机动车出现在该充电桩处之前就已经存在于该列表中。
在另一实施方式中，在有权限的标识符的列表中至少给各个标识符分配使用限制，例如允许其如何频繁地使用或者多长时间地使用所述充电桩。也可以限制可获取（entnehmbar）的电能。
在另一种实施方式中，通过从该电动车辆或混合动力车辆移除充电线缆而终止释放充电桩的能量传输，这防止了可能的操纵。
所述充电桩包括：充电线缆或用于接纳充电线缆的充电插座以及存储器，其中所述存储器具有有权使用所述充电桩的标识符的列表，其中所述充电桩被构造用于，经由该充电线缆而接收标识符并且将所述标识符与列表中的标识符比较，其中根据所述比较而释放该充电过程或者不释放充电过程，其中所述充电桩进一步被构造用于接收激活码，其中在充电桩确认了该激活码之后将此后接收的电动车辆或混合动力车辆的标识符存储在该列表中。
该电动车辆或混合动力车辆包括充电插座以及存储器，其中所述存储器具有标识符，其中该电动车辆或混合动力车辆被构造用于，经由被插入到该充电插座中的充电线缆而传输标识符，其中该电动车辆或混合动力车辆进一步被构造用于，在所述标识符之前先经由所插接的充电线缆而传输激活码。
鉴于该充电桩以及电动车辆或混合动力车辆的可能的其他设计方案方面可参考之前的陈述内容。
附图说明
接下来依照优选实施例来进一步阐述本发明。唯一的附图示出了在充电桩处的电动车辆的示意图。
具体实施方式
在图1中示出了充电桩1。该充电桩1具有充电线缆2，该充电线缆被构造用于插入到电动车辆10的充电插座11中。该充电线缆2具有用于能量传输的线路和用于通信的线路，这些线路为了一目了然的原因起见而未被示出。该充电桩1还具有控制单元3，该充电单元被构造用于，在该充电桩1处释放或阻止充电过程。对此，该控制单元3例如具有未示出的开关元件，借助于这些开关元件而在用于充电线缆2的能量传输的线路与电压供应的线路4之间建立连接或中断连接。该充电桩1还具有输入单元5和/或对于后端20的数据接口。最后，该充电桩1具有存储器7，该存储器具有标识符的列表，这些标识符具有用于使用充电桩1的权限。该电动车辆10同样具有存储器12，在该存储器中保存用于该电动车辆10的标识符。在此，也可以规定：该充电线缆1并非与该充电桩1固定连接而是必须为了充电过程而将该充电线缆1不仅插入到该充电桩1中而且也插入到该电动车辆10中。
现在应阐述用于在充电桩1处认证和释放电动车辆10的充电过程的方法流程。该充电桩1是非共用的充电桩1。在初始状态下，该控制单元3已经断开了开关元件的连接。现在如果该电动车辆10来到充电桩1，则用户将具有自身的充电插头的充电线缆2插入到电动车辆10的充电插座11中。该电动车辆10接着将自身的标识符从存储器12经由充电线缆2而传输到控制单元3，其中所述传输经由通信线路（例如导频（Pilot））进行或者经由用于能量传输的线路进行。该控制单元3接收该标识符并且检验：是否在存储器7中的列表中有该标识符。如果在存储器7中的列表中有该标识符，则闭合这些开关元件并且释放该充电过程。相反，如果在该列表中没有该标识符，则保持断开这些开关元件。
现在为了将标识符首次录入到该列表中而存在不同可能性。因此，用户例如可以经由输入单元5而输入PIN码或者借助卡或钥匙而释放该充电过程，其中从电动车辆10所接收的标识符然后由控制单元3写入到存储器7中的列表中。替代性地，该电动车辆10可以在传输标识符之前经由充电线缆而将激活码传送到充电桩，接着该控制单元3然后同样在列表中录入标识符。最后，后端20也可以事先将标识符传输到数据接口6。
附图标记列表
1 充电桩
2 充电线缆
3 控制单元
4 线路
5 输入单元
6 数据接口
7 存储器
10 电动车辆
11 充电插座
12 存储器
20 后端

Claims (7)

1.用于在充电桩（1）处认证和释放电动车辆或混合动力车辆（10）的充电过程的方法，其中所述电动车辆或混合动力车辆（10）经由充电线缆（2）而将标识符传送到所述充电桩（1），其中所述充电桩（1）接收所述标识符并且检验：是否针对所述标识符而在所述充电桩（1）的列表中存在用于使用所述充电桩（1）的权限，其中在存在所述权限的情况下开始所述充电过程，其中所述电动车辆或混合动力车辆（10）为了将车辆的所述标识符首次录入到所述列表中而经由所述充电线缆（2）将激活码传输到所述充电桩（1），其中在所述充电桩（1）确认了所述激活码之后，所述电动车辆或混合动力车辆（10）将标识符传输到所述充电桩（1），其中所述充电桩（1）然后接收所述标识符并将所述标识符存储在所述列表中。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，借助在所述充电桩（1）处本地布置的输入单元而激活所述充电桩（1）并且将利用充电线缆（2）连接到所述充电桩（1）上的所述电动车辆或混合动力车辆（10）的标识符传输到所述充电桩（1）并且存储在所述充电桩（1）的列表中作为未来的权限。
3.根据上述权利要求其中任意一项所述的方法，其特征在于，从后端（20）将电动车辆或混合动力车辆（10）的标识符传送给所述充电桩（1）并且所述充电桩（1）将所传送的标识符存储在所述列表中。
4.根据上述权利要求其中任意一项所述的方法，其特征在于，在有权限的标识符的列表中至少给各个标识符分配使用限制。
5.根据上述权利要求其中任意一项所述的方法，其特征在于，通过从所述电动车辆或混合动力车辆（10）移除所述充电线缆（2）而终止释放所述充电桩（1）。
6.充电桩（1），所述充电桩包括充电线缆（2）或用于接纳充电线缆（2）的充电插座（11）以及存储器（7），其中所述存储器具有有权使用所述充电桩（1）的标识符的列表，其中所述充电桩（1）被构造用于，经由所述充电线缆（2）而接收标识符并且将所述标识符与所述列表中的标识符比较，其中根据所述比较而释放所述充电过程或者不释放所述充电过程，其中所述充电桩（1）进一步被构造用于接收激活码，其中在所述充电桩（1）确认了所述激活码之后将此后接收的电动车辆或混合动力车辆的标识符存储在所述列表中。
7.电动车辆或混合动力车辆，所述电动车辆或混合动力车辆包括充电插座（11）以及存储器（12），其中所述存储器具有标识符，其中所述电动车辆或混合动力车辆（10）被构造用于，经由被插入到所述充电插座（11）中的充电线缆（2）而传输所述标识符，其中所述电动车辆或混合动力车辆进一步被构造用于，在所述标识符之前先经由所插接的所述充电线缆而传输激活码。
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