CN114342700A - Greening device and method for high and steep rock slope based on cement blanket - Google Patents
Greening device and method for high and steep rock slope based on cement blanket Download PDFInfo
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- CN114342700A CN114342700A CN202210266488.7A CN202210266488A CN114342700A CN 114342700 A CN114342700 A CN 114342700A CN 202210266488 A CN202210266488 A CN 202210266488A CN 114342700 A CN114342700 A CN 114342700A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/02—Receptacles, e.g. flower-pots or boxes; Glasses for cultivating flowers
- A01G9/027—Pots connected in horizontal rows
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
- A01G24/15—Calcined rock, e.g. perlite, vermiculite or clay aggregates
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/40—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor characterised by their structure
- A01G24/44—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor characterised by their structure in block, mat or sheet form
- A01G24/46—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor characterised by their structure in block, mat or sheet form multi-layered
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G27/00—Self-acting watering devices, e.g. for flower-pots
- A01G27/005—Reservoirs connected to flower-pots through conduits
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
- E02D17/20—Securing of slopes or inclines
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
- E02D17/20—Securing of slopes or inclines
- E02D17/202—Securing of slopes or inclines with flexible securing means
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D2300/00—Materials
- E02D2300/0004—Synthetics
- E02D2300/0018—Cement used as binder
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D2300/00—Materials
- E02D2300/0026—Metals
- E02D2300/0029—Steel; Iron
Abstract
The invention provides a greening device and method for a high and steep rock slope based on a cement blanket. The device comprises a plurality of cement blanket planting grooves with upward openings; fixing the cement blanket planting groove on the rocky slope, and arranging a self-adjusting vegetation layer structure inside the cement blanket planting groove. The self-adjusting vegetation layer structure is a structure in which a gauze layer, a coarse sand layer, a lower planting soil layer, a water storage plate layer, a geotechnical cloth layer, an upper planting soil layer and a ceramsite layer are horizontally laid from bottom to top in sequence; and a moisture conveying channel is vertically arranged in the self-adjusting vegetation layer structure. The device has the advantages of low cost, stable structure and strong landscape plasticity. The greening method provided by the invention has the advantages of simple operation and low engineering cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of slope ecological restoration, in particular to a greening device and method for a high and steep rocky slope based on a cement blanket.
Background
The high and steep rocky slope is an extreme habitat, and is one of the focus problems of research of numerous scholars, because the slope is steep (not less than 45 degrees), the slope is high (not less than 20 m), the mechanical property of the slope is unstable, the day and night change range of the temperature difference of the slope is large, the slope and the shape of the slope are different, the slope does not contain soil moisture, and plants are difficult to grow.
The existing common method for ecological restoration of the high and steep rock slope comprises the following steps: the net hanging spray seeding technology, the ecological bag greening technology, the V-shaped plant groove greening technology and the like, but the following defects exist: firstly, in the spray-seeding technology, the spray-seeding base material is thin, the water retention performance is poor, the long-term stability of the base material is insufficient, the water and soil loss is serious in the rainy period, the survival rate of vegetation is low, and the practical value is relatively low; secondly, construction operation of the ecological bag greening technology and the V-shaped planting groove greening technology requires an ultrahigh scaffold platform, and the construction process is complex, large in potential safety hazard, long in construction period and high in cost; and thirdly, the high and steep side slope has the problems of poor terrain adaptability, small landscape plasticity space and the like in the prior art because the slope direction of the slope surface is variable, the slope is variable and the micro-terrain is more, so that a large number of slope cleaning needs to be carried out to create a construction working surface.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the problems, the invention provides a cement blanket-based high and steep rock slope greening device, which comprises a plurality of cement blanket planting grooves with upward openings; fixing the cement blanket planting groove on the rocky slope, and arranging a self-adjusting vegetation layer structure inside the cement blanket planting groove. The self-adjusting vegetation layer structure is a structure in which a gauze layer, a coarse sand layer, a lower planting soil layer, a water storage plate layer, a geotechnical cloth layer, an upper planting soil layer and a ceramsite layer are horizontally laid from bottom to top in sequence; and a moisture conveying channel is vertically arranged in the self-adjusting vegetation layer structure.
As a further improvement of the invention, the cement blanket planting groove comprises a steel structure framework and a cement blanket; meanwhile, the steel structure framework comprises a vertical arc framework and a horizontal arc framework; the two ends of the arc of the vertical arc-shaped framework are connected with the two ends of the arc of the horizontal arc-shaped framework; set up 1 nut respectively at the curved both ends of horizontal arc skeleton and curved top, fix vertical arc skeleton on the rock matter side slope, consolidate through the anchor strut between vertical arc skeleton and the horizontal arc skeleton, lay the cement blanket between vertical arc skeleton and horizontal arc skeleton.
As a further improvement of the invention, a heat insulation layer is arranged between the rocky slope and the cement blanket planting groove.
As a further improvement of the invention, the moisture transport passage comprises: a long water absorption filter element and a short water absorption filter element; one end of the long water absorption filter element is inserted into the water storage plate layer, and the other end of the long water absorption filter element is inserted into the ceramsite layer; one end of the short water absorption filter element is inserted into the water storage plate layer, and the other end of the short water absorption filter element is inserted into the upper planting soil layer; the long water absorption filter cores and the short water absorption filter cores are distributed at intervals in a triangular shape in the self-adjusting vegetation layer structure.
The invention also provides a greening method using the device, which comprises the following steps:
and 7, maintaining and managing, wherein maintenance irrigation is carried out regularly, and reseeding or reseeding is carried out on the sparse area.
As a further improvement of the present invention, step 3 comprises:
(1) carrying out preliminary observation and evaluation on the rock slope, counting the size and the slope direction of a micro slope surface of the slope, and determining the size of a cement blanket planting groove according to a 90% quantile of the size of the micro slope surface;
(2) determining the size of a cement blanket planting groove, and respectively manufacturing two semi-arc frameworks, namely a horizontal arc framework and a vertical arc framework, of the corrosion-resistant deformed steel bar by adopting a manual hoop bending machine or a numerical control pipe bender;
(3) welding the two arc ends of the horizontal arc-shaped framework and the two arc ends of the vertical arc-shaped framework by using an electric welding machine, wherein the included angle between the horizontal arc-shaped framework and the vertical arc-shaped framework is 90 degrees, and respectively welding 1 nut at the two arc ends and the top arc end of the horizontal arc-shaped framework;
(4) determining the size and the shape of a cement blanket required by wrapping the framework according to the size and the shape of the steel structure framework, drilling a lead hole along the edge of the cut cement blanket by using an electric drilling machine, penetrating the lead hole to fix the cut cement blanket on the steel structure framework by using an antirust iron wire to form a cement blanket planting groove, watering the cement blanket planting groove until water is discharged by light pressure of fingers, and maintaining.
As a further improvement of the present invention, step 4 comprises: drilling a hole on the rock slope, and fixing the steel structure framework on the rock slope through an expansion screw and a nut on the horizontal arc-shaped framework; and arranging cement blanket planting grooves in a plum blossom shape.
As a further improvement of the present invention, step 5 comprises: firstly, arranging a heat insulation layer on one side of a cement blanket planting groove close to a rock slope; sequentially laying a gauze layer, a coarse sand layer, a lower planting soil layer and a water storage plate layer from bottom to top in the cement blanket planting tank; then, water conveying channels which are uniformly distributed at intervals in a regular triangle shape are vertically arranged on the water storage plate layer; and finally, laying a geotextile layer, an upper planting soil layer and a ceramsite layer.
As a further improvement of the present invention, step 6 comprises: selecting high-quality plant varieties which are suitable for local planting and have strong drought resistance, and planting the plant varieties in the self-adjusting vegetation layer structure; meanwhile, according to the basic principle of vegetation ecological restoration, a grass-filling type or vine-filling type vegetation community of a 'near-natural vegetation community' is designed and constructed, the germination rate and the thousand-grain weight of seeds need to be measured in advance, and finally the seed proportion needs to be determined according to the actual conditions of the seeds in the construction period.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the device provided by the invention has the advantages of stable structure and strong landscape plasticity;
2. the self-adjusting vegetation layer structure in the device provided by the invention has the functions of self-adjusting water drainage, water storage and ventilation, and the survival rate of vegetation is improved; meanwhile, the self-adjusting vegetation layer structure can reduce the runoff scouring of the slope, so that the water and soil loss is avoided;
3. the greening method provided by the invention has the advantages that the process is simple, the cement blanket planting groove module can be prefabricated on the ground in a large scale, the slope surface is directly mounted, the project progress is shortened, and the project cost is reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic front view of a greening apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic side view of a greening apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a self-adjusting vegetation layer structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the arrangement of a cement blanket planting groove on a slope surface of a rock slope according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic top view of a moisture transport passageway according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a greening apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
In the figure:
1, a steel structure framework; 101, a vertical arc-shaped framework; 102 a reinforcing rod; 103 horizontal arc-shaped frameworks; 2, a nut; 3 self-adjusting the vegetation layer structure; 301 a gauze layer; 302 coarse sand layer; 303, planting a soil layer on the lower part of the soil layer; 304 a water impoundment slab layer; 305 a geotextile layer; 306 planting a soil layer on the upper part; 307 a ceramsite layer; 4, a cement blanket; 5 a moisture delivery channel; 501 long water absorption filter element; 502 short water absorbent filter element; 6 rock slopes; 7 heat insulation layer.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", "top" and "both ends" and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplification of description, but do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "disposed," "fixed," "connected," and the like are to be construed broadly and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; may be a mechanical connection; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
The invention provides a greening device for a high and steep rock slope based on a cement blanket, which comprises a plurality of cement blanket planting grooves with upward openings; fixing the cement blanket planting groove on the rocky slope, and arranging a self-adjusting vegetation layer structure inside the cement blanket planting groove. The self-adjusting vegetation layer structure is a structure in which a gauze layer, a coarse sand layer, a lower planting soil layer, a water storage plate layer, a geotechnical cloth layer, an upper planting soil layer and a ceramsite layer are horizontally laid from bottom to top in sequence; and a moisture conveying channel is vertically arranged in the self-adjusting vegetation layer structure.
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the attached drawing figures:
as shown in fig. 1, the present invention provides a cement carpet growing tank with an upward opening, comprising: a steel structure framework 1 and a cement blanket 4. Steel skeleton 1 specifically includes: vertical arc-shaped frameworks 101, horizontal arc-shaped frameworks 103 and reinforcing rods 102. The arc both ends and the top of vertical arc skeleton 101 set up 1 No. 20 nut respectively, form the carry structure in cement blanket planting groove to can realize planting the cement blanket groove carry on rock matter side slope 6. The arc-shaped two ends of the vertical arc-shaped framework 101 and the arc-shaped two ends of the horizontal arc-shaped framework 103 are welded through the electric welding machine, the included angle of the two arc-shaped frameworks is set to be 90 degrees, and a structure for supporting the cement blanket planting groove is formed. The two ends of the reinforcing rod 102 are respectively connected with the vertical arc-shaped framework 101 and the horizontal arc-shaped framework 103, so that the steel structure framework 1 is reinforced. And a cement blanket 4 is laid between the vertical arc-shaped framework 101 and the horizontal arc-shaped framework 103. In fig. 2 is shown that the self-regulating vegetation layer structure 3 is arranged in a cement blanket planting trough, in particular in the middle of a cement blanket 4 and a rocky slope 6.
The greening device provided by the invention takes the steel structure framework 1 as an external basic structure, adopts corrosion-resistant deformed steel with the diameter of 10mm as a main material, and adopts a welding mode to connect the joints so as to ensure the connection strength of the joints, thereby ensuring the stability of the structure. And paving a cement blanket 4 on the outer side of the steel structure framework 1, and fixedly connecting the steel structure framework 1 and the rock slope 6 by utilizing the nut 2 and the adaptive expansion screw to form 1 cement blanket planting groove with one end opened upwards so as to facilitate the subsequent self-adjusting construction of the vegetation layer structure 3. As shown in fig. 4, a plurality of cement blanket planting grooves are distributed and fixed on the rocky slope 6 in a plum blossom shape. Patterns such as camouflage and the like can be customized on the periphery of the cement blanket and deeply fitted with the landscape of the slope, so that the plasticity of the slope landscape is enhanced.
As shown in fig. 3, the self-adjusting vegetation layer structure 3 is a structure in which a gauze layer 301, a coarse sand layer 302, a lower planting soil layer 303, a water storage plate layer 304, a geotextile layer 305, an upper planting soil layer 306 and a ceramsite layer 307 are horizontally laid from bottom to top in sequence. The gauze layer 301, the coarse sand layer 302, the lower planting soil layer 303, the water storage plate layer 304, the geotextile layer 305, the upper planting soil layer 306 and the ceramsite layer 307 are attached to each other, and the whole self-adjusting vegetation layer structure 3 is a main planting place. The gauze layer 301 is positioned at the bottom of the self-adjusting vegetation layer structure 3 in the cement blanket planting groove and is two 32-mesh environment-friendly gauze layers, and the gauze layer 301 can ensure that quartz sand in the coarse sand layer 302 and planting soil on the side wall of the rock slope 6 do not leak from the bottom of the cement blanket planting groove. The coarse sand layer 302 is quartz sand with the particle sizes of 5-8 mm and 15-25 mm, and mainly functions in drainage and ventilation, so that the ventilation of soil in a rainy season with abundant rainfall is guaranteed, and roots cannot be rotten due to unsmooth respiration of root systems. The lower planting soil layer 303 provides sufficient nutrients for the plants and provides cushioning protection for the water reservoir layer 304. The water storage plate layer 304 is a T50 water storage and drainage plate bearing high compression load, and has two functions of water storage and drainage, a water storage reservoir can be built in the vegetation layer by the cup opening part, a drainage channel with certain three-dimensional space supporting rigidity is formed by the hollow part, the infiltration atmospheric precipitation and the dew can be stored in the cup opening part to form an underground reservoir, and the redundant rainwater can be discharged out of the cement blanket planting groove through the drainage channel. The geotechnical cloth layer 305 is a layer of geotextile of 400 g/square meter, and plays a role in protecting the water storage and drainage plates. The upper planting soil layer 306 is 50cm thick planting soil and can provide enough nutrients for plants. A plurality of moisture delivery channels 5 are vertically arranged in the self-adjusting vegetation layer structure 3, and as shown in fig. 5, the moisture delivery channels 5 are uniformly distributed at intervals in a regular triangle shape. The moisture transport passage 5 specifically includes: a long water absorbing filter 501 and a short water absorbing filter 502. One end of the long water absorption filter element 501 is inserted into the water storage plate layer 304, and the other end is inserted into the ceramic particle layer 307. One end of the short water absorption filter element 502 is inserted into the water storage plate layer 304, and the other end is inserted into the upper planting soil layer 306. The long water absorption filter element 501 and the short water absorption filter element 502 can slowly convey water accumulated at the cup mouth part of the water storage plate to the upper planting soil layer 306, so that the vegetation can absorb a proper amount of water all the time, and the conditions of withering and drought death of the side slope vegetation are avoided, thereby realizing the purpose of autonomous irrigation. The ceramsite layer 307 is positioned at the top of the self-adjusting vegetation layer structure 3 and consists of ceramsite with the thickness of 10 mm; the ceramsite layer 307 can absorb moisture in the air, atmospheric precipitation and dew generated by day and night temperature difference change, keep the surface soil of the upper planting soil layer 306 moist, reduce the slope runoff scouring, avoid water and soil loss and improve the survival rate of vegetation.
As shown in fig. 6, a heat insulation layer 7 is arranged on one side of the cement blanket planting groove close to the rock slope 6. The heat insulation layer 7 is composed of a heat insulation film, the heat insulation layer 7 can separate the rock slope 6 from the planting soil in the cement blanket planting groove, heat radiation of the rock slope 6 in sunny days at high temperature is prevented from being conducted to the planting soil, evaporation of water in the planting soil layer is reduced, and meanwhile, a heat insulation function is achieved in winter.
The invention provides a method for using a greening device based on a cement blanket high and steep rocky slope, which comprises the following steps:
(1) according to the preliminary observation and evaluation of the high and steep rock slope 6, the size and the slope direction of a micro slope surface of the slope are counted, and the size of the steel structure framework 1 is determined according to the 90% quantile of the size (length and width) of the micro slope surface;
(2) determining the size of a steel structure framework 1, and respectively manufacturing two semi-arc frameworks, namely a horizontal arc framework 103 and a vertical arc framework 101, of corrosion-resistant deformed steel bar with the diameter of 10mm by adopting a manual hoop bending machine or a numerical control pipe bender; wherein, the steel structure framework 1 is generally set to have the top length of 700mm and the height of 600 mm; the horizontal arc-shaped framework 103 is generally set to be 700mm long and 500mm wide, and the vertical arc-shaped framework 101 is generally set to be 700mm long and 600mm wide;
(3) welding a horizontal arc-shaped framework 103 and a vertical arc-shaped framework 101 at 90 degrees by using an electric welding machine, and respectively welding 1 # 20 nut as a framework mounting component at the two arc-shaped ends and the arc-shaped top end of the horizontal arc-shaped framework 103;
(4) determining the size and the shape of a cement blanket 4 required by wrapping a framework according to the size and the shape of a steel structure framework 1, drilling 1 lead hole every 10cm along the edge of the cut cement blanket 4 by using an electric drilling machine, penetrating through the lead holes, fixing the cut cement blanket 4 on the steel structure framework 1 by using 16# hot galvanizing rust-proof iron wires to form a cement blanket planting groove, pouring the cement blanket planting groove until water is discharged by light pressure of fingers, and maintaining for 48 hours;
step 7, maintenance management; according to the environmental characteristics of the area and specific local characteristics of a specific place, for example, when the planting area is in the north, the shrubs such as lespedeza bicolor, pyracantha fortuneana, amorpha fruticosa, etc. can be selected; the liana includes climbing fern, climbing fig, Chinese trumpetcreeper flower, honeysuckle, ivy, Chinese wisteria flower, etc; in contrast to southern, the shrubs which can be planted and protected include bougainvillea, safflower, allamanda, allan, sophora, hibiscus, sophora, lotus, lantana, etc.; the liana is campsis grandiflora (flowers), ciya grandiflora (flowers), schizandra chinensis (flowers), hedera helix (flowers), mucuna sempervirens, parthenocissus tricuspidata, geckos fortunei, polygonum capitatum and kudzu, and compared with the south and north, herbs such as bermudagrass, paspalum natatum, saccharina, ryegrass, festuca arundinacea, bluegrass and zoysia japonica can be planted and protected, high-quality plants suitable for local planting and drought-resistant cavities and a mixing proportion are selected according to actual environment, slope plant seeding is carried out according to the germination rate and seed cleaning rate of seeds in the construction period, the seeding weight per square meter is about 20-30 g, wherein the herbaceous seeds account for 10% -15%, the shrub plants account for 80% -85%, and the liana or the flower seeds account for about 0-10%; the seed proportion and the dosage are that the germination percentage is assumed to be 50 percent, and the net seed percentage is assumed to be 90 percent; the seed need survey germination percentage and thousand seed weight in advance, and final seed ratio needs plant in self-interacting vegetation layer structure 3 according to the quality control of on-the-spot seed, regularly carries out the maintenance management afterwards, irrigates through moisture transfer passage 5, ensures that soil is moist after, and the later stage is according to the seed germination and the growing situation, comes the appropriate amount to adjust the maintenance frequency, in time reseeds or sows sparse district.
And (4) conclusion:
the greening device based on the cement blanket high and steep rock slope has the advantages of low manufacturing cost, stable structure and strong landscape plasticity; the cement blanket planting groove module in the device can be prefabricated on the ground in a large scale, and the slope surface is directly mounted; the cement blanket planting groove occupies a small space and is widely suitable for micro-terrains and small-area slopes; a large amount of basal disc seedlings can be adopted in the self-adjusting plant growth layer structure, and the greening period is shortened; the self-adjusting vegetation layer has water absorption, retaining, irrigation, ventilative function concurrently, and its unique structural design forms a type underground reservoir, realizes planting the interior vegetation layer soil of inslot and independently absorbs water, irrigates the function, greatly reduces the maintenance demand. The greening method provided by the invention has the advantages of simple operation and low engineering cost.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes will occur to those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A greening device for a high and steep rock slope based on a cement blanket is characterized by comprising a plurality of cement blanket planting grooves;
the cement blanket planting groove is a planting groove with an upward opening, the cement blanket planting groove is fixed on a rocky slope, and a self-adjusting vegetation layer structure is arranged inside the cement blanket planting groove;
the self-adjusting vegetation layer structure is a structure in which a gauze layer, a coarse sand layer, a lower planting soil layer, a water storage plate layer, a geotextile layer, an upper planting soil layer and a ceramsite layer are horizontally laid from bottom to top in sequence; and a moisture conveying channel is vertically arranged in the self-adjusting vegetation layer structure.
2. The cement blanket based high and steep rocky slope greening device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cement blanket planting groove comprises a steel structure skeleton and a cement blanket;
the steel structure framework comprises a vertical arc framework and a horizontal arc framework; the two ends of the arc of the vertical arc-shaped framework are connected with the two ends of the arc of the horizontal arc-shaped framework; set up 1 nut respectively at curved both ends of horizontal arc skeleton and curved top, vertical arc skeleton is fixed on the rock matter slope, consolidate through the anchor strut between vertical arc skeleton and the horizontal arc skeleton lay between vertical arc skeleton and the horizontal arc skeleton the cement blanket.
3. The greening device based on cement blanket high and steep rocky slope as claimed in claim 1, wherein a heat insulating layer is arranged between the rocky slope and the cement blanket planting groove.
4. The cement blanket-based high and steep rocky slope greening device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the moisture transport channel comprises: a long water absorption filter element and a short water absorption filter element;
one end of the long water absorption filter element is inserted into the water storage plate layer, and the other end of the long water absorption filter element is inserted into the ceramsite layer;
one end of the short water absorption filter element is inserted into the water storage layer, and the other end of the short water absorption filter element is inserted into the upper planting soil layer;
the long water absorption filter element and the short water absorption filter element are arranged inside the self-adjusting plant growth layer structure and are distributed in a triangular shape and evenly at intervals.
5. A greening system comprising a greening device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
step 1, cleaning and leveling the rocky slope surface;
step 2, constructing a water intercepting and draining system on the rock slope;
step 3, prefabricating the cement blanket planting groove;
step 4, mounting the cement blanket planting groove prefabricated in the step 3 on the rock slope;
step 5, constructing the self-adjusting vegetation layer structure;
step 6, selecting and configuring plants, namely selecting high-quality plant varieties which are suitable for local planting and have strong drought resistance, and planting the high-quality plant varieties in the self-adjusting vegetation layer structure;
and 7, maintaining and managing, wherein maintenance irrigation is carried out regularly, and reseeding or reseeding is carried out on the sparse area.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein step 3 comprises:
(1) carrying out preliminary observation and evaluation on the rock slope, counting the size and the slope direction of a micro slope surface of the slope, and determining the size of the cement blanket planting groove according to the 90% quantile of the size of the micro slope surface;
(2) determining the size of a cement blanket planting groove, and respectively manufacturing two semi-arc frameworks, namely a horizontal arc framework and a vertical arc framework, of the corrosion-resistant deformed steel bar by adopting a manual hoop bending machine or a numerical control pipe bender;
(3) welding the two arc ends of the horizontal arc-shaped framework and the two arc ends of the vertical arc-shaped framework by using an electric welding machine, wherein the included angle between the horizontal arc-shaped framework and the vertical arc-shaped framework is 90 degrees, and respectively welding 1 nut at the two arc ends and the top arc end of the horizontal arc-shaped framework;
(4) determining the size and the shape of a cement blanket required by wrapping the framework according to the size and the shape of the steel structure framework, drilling a lead hole along the edge of the cut cement blanket by using an electric drilling machine, penetrating the lead hole to fix the cut cement blanket on the steel structure framework by using an antirust iron wire to form a cement blanket planting groove, pouring the cement blanket planting groove until water is slightly pressed by fingers, and maintaining.
7. The method of claim 5, wherein the step 4 comprises: drilling a hole on the rocky slope, and fixing a steel structure framework on the rocky slope through an expansion screw and a nut on the horizontal arc-shaped framework; and the cement blanket planting grooves are arranged in a plum blossom shape.
8. The method of claim 5, wherein the step 5 comprises: firstly, arranging a heat insulation layer on one side of the cement blanket planting groove close to the rocky side slope; sequentially laying the gauze screen layer, the coarse sand layer, the lower planting soil layer and the water storage plate layer in the cement blanket planting groove from bottom to top in a stacking manner; then the water conveying channels which are uniformly distributed at intervals in a regular triangle shape are vertically arranged on the water storage plate layer; and finally, laying a geotextile layer, an upper planting soil layer and a ceramsite layer.
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