CN114335489A - 硅碳负极材料及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
硅碳负极材料及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN114335489A CN114335489A CN202210042731.7A CN202210042731A CN114335489A CN 114335489 A CN114335489 A CN 114335489A CN 202210042731 A CN202210042731 A CN 202210042731A CN 114335489 A CN114335489 A CN 114335489A
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- Prior art keywords
- silicon
- negative electrode
- carbon
- electrode material
- lithium
- Prior art date
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- HMDDXIMCDZRSNE-UHFFFAOYSA-N [C].[Si] Chemical compound [C].[Si] HMDDXIMCDZRSNE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 74
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 21
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium atom Chemical compound [Ge] GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 63
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000010405 anode material Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 30
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 21
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- GEHJYWRUCIMESM-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium sulfite Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])=O GEHJYWRUCIMESM-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 16
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ZrO2 Inorganic materials O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000009830 intercalation Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000002687 intercalation Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicic acid Chemical compound O[Si](O)(O)O RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910001845 yogo sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000010265 sodium sulphite Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000010416 ion conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- VNEBWJSWMVTSHK-UHFFFAOYSA-L disodium;3-hydroxynaphthalene-2,7-disulfonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].C1=C(S([O-])(=O)=O)C=C2C=C(S([O-])(=O)=O)C(O)=CC2=C1 VNEBWJSWMVTSHK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- AVRWEULSKHQETA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Thiophene-2 Chemical compound S1C=2CCCCCC=2C(C(=O)OC)=C1NC(=O)C1=C(F)C(F)=C(F)C(F)=C1F AVRWEULSKHQETA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000005711 Benzoic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bromide Chemical compound [Br-] CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000010233 benzoic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- ZFXVRMSLJDYJCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium magnesium Chemical compound [Mg].[Ca] ZFXVRMSLJDYJCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000748 compression moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- FGRVOLIFQGXPCT-UHFFFAOYSA-L dipotassium;dioxido-oxo-sulfanylidene-$l^{6}-sulfane Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=S FGRVOLIFQGXPCT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 2
- KAQHZJVQFBJKCK-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium pyrosulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OS([O-])(=O)=O KAQHZJVQFBJKCK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- BHZRJJOHZFYXTO-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium sulfite Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S([O-])=O BHZRJJOHZFYXTO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019252 potassium sulphite Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 claims description 2
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 claims description 2
- JXAZAUKOWVKTLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium pyrosulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OS([O-])(=O)=O JXAZAUKOWVKTLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- AKHNMLFCWUSKQB-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium thiosulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=S AKHNMLFCWUSKQB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019345 sodium thiosulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium chloride Chemical compound [Li+].[Cl-] KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 2
- IIPYXGDZVMZOAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium nitrate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O IIPYXGDZVMZOAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- INHCSSUBVCNVSK-UHFFFAOYSA-L lithium sulfate Inorganic materials [Li+].[Li+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O INHCSSUBVCNVSK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims 1
- RBTVSNLYYIMMKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 3-aminoazetidine-1-carboxylate;hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.CC(C)(C)OC(=O)N1CC(N)C1 RBTVSNLYYIMMKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 29
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen Substances N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 23
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 13
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 12
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000006258 conductive agent Substances 0.000 description 9
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910020489 SiO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- -1 lithium hexafluorophosphate Chemical compound 0.000 description 7
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- OWBTYPJTUOEWEK-UHFFFAOYSA-N butane-2,3-diol Chemical compound CC(O)C(C)O OWBTYPJTUOEWEK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- BTVWZWFKMIUSGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylethyleneglycol Natural products CC(C)(O)CO BTVWZWFKMIUSGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000001878 scanning electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000010406 cathode material Substances 0.000 description 4
- PAZHGORSDKKUPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium metasilicate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O PAZHGORSDKKUPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052912 lithium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910000363 nickel(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Thiophene Chemical compound C=1C=CSC=1 YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229940099596 manganese sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 235000007079 manganese sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000011702 manganese sulphate Substances 0.000 description 2
- SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 2
- ZXAUZSQITFJWPS-UHFFFAOYSA-J zirconium(4+);disulfate Chemical compound [Zr+4].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O ZXAUZSQITFJWPS-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 2
- 229910021592 Copper(II) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethoxyethane Chemical compound COCCOC XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001556 Li2Si2O5 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910007547 Li2Si5 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910007562 Li2SiO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910010846 Li6Si2O7 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910009771 Li8SiO6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 1
- JRBRVDCKNXZZGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane;copper Chemical compound [AlH3].[Cu] JRBRVDCKNXZZGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- ZADPBFCGQRWHPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N boronic acid Chemical compound OBO ZADPBFCGQRWHPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CXULZQWIHKYPTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt(2+) manganese(2+) nickel(2+) oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O--].[O--].[O--].[Mn++].[Co++].[Ni++] CXULZQWIHKYPTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011889 copper foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- ORTQZVOHEJQUHG-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Cu]Cl ORTQZVOHEJQUHG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000009831 deintercalation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002848 electrochemical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052909 inorganic silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000625 lithium cobalt oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K lithium iron phosphate Chemical compound [Li+].[Fe+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- BFZPBUKRYWOWDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxido(oxo)cobalt Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][Co]=O BFZPBUKRYWOWDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000357 manganese(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- LGQLOGILCSXPEA-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel sulfate Chemical compound [Ni+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O LGQLOGILCSXPEA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229930192474 thiophene Natural products 0.000 description 1
- ODHXBMXNKOYIBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenylamine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1N(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 ODHXBMXNKOYIBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021642 ultra pure water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012498 ultrapure water Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
- H01M4/386—Silicon or alloys based on silicon
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/04—Processes of manufacture in general
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/04—Processes of manufacture in general
- H01M4/0438—Processes of manufacture in general by electrochemical processing
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/04—Processes of manufacture in general
- H01M4/0471—Processes of manufacture in general involving thermal treatment, e.g. firing, sintering, backing particulate active material, thermal decomposition, pyrolysis
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/134—Electrodes based on metals, Si or alloys
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/139—Processes of manufacture
- H01M4/1395—Processes of manufacture of electrodes based on metals, Si or alloys
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
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Abstract
本发明属于锂离子电池技术领域,公开了硅碳负极材料及其制备方法和应用,该硅碳负极材料的化学通式为Lif ‑Si@C‑RsOt/B‑ZaOb;R为锆、铜、镍、钴、锰、铬、钛、钼、银、镁、钙、锗、锡、锑中至少一种;Z为铝、镁、锌中的至少一种,其中s、t分别独立的为1、2、3、4或5,a=1或2,b=1或3。本发明的硅碳负极材料由于含有BAP(硼酸的高聚合物),使得硅碳负极材料的比表面积、D50更佳,进而提升了电化学性能。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于锂离子电池技术领域,具体涉及硅碳负极材料及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
近年来,因为废动力电池中存在的某些金属和电解质的释放对环境有害,也基于锂离子电池资源有限的原因,相关回收企业加大了对废动力电池回收。废动力电池中常见的可回收材料是锂钴氧化物、磷酸铁锂和钴镍锰氧化物等正极材料、铜铝箔等集电体材料、以及石墨等负极材料。其中石墨是一种关键的负极材料,因此开发从报废动力电池中回收石墨的高效回收再利用工艺变得非常重要,可以减少采矿对环境的影响、提高石墨资源循环利用率。
新能源汽车产业对的动力电池功率密度、使用寿命的要求原来越高,而动力电池中储锂性能优异而又对环境友好的负极材料至关重要,相对于石墨(碳基)负极材料来说,硅基负极材料具有极高的理论比容量。目前,硅基负极材料在脱嵌锂的过程中,硅的体积膨胀会导致电极材料从集电体上脱离,甚至造成硅本身的粉化,负极材料功能失效。此外,硅本身导电性较差,降低电池的传输效率,硅的体积膨胀会使电池内部的孔隙变少,金属锂析出,存在着严重的安全性问题。
发明内容
本发明旨在至少解决上述现有技术中存在的技术问题之一。为此,本发明提出一种硅碳负极材料及其制备方法和应用,该硅碳负极材料解决了硅负极的体积变化大、材料结构的破坏、负极的功能失效等问题,同时实现废旧动力电池中石墨废料回收,并提高在负极材料方面的高效利用价值。
为实现上述目的,本发明采用以下技术方案:
一种硅碳负极材料,其化学通式为Lif -Si@C-RsOt/B-ZaOb;所述R为锆、铜、镍、钴、锰、铬、钛、钼、银、镁、钙、锗、锡、锑中至少一种;所述Z为铝、镁、锌中的至少一种,其中s、t分别独立的为1、2、3、4或5,a=1或2,b=1或3。
优选地,所述R为锆、铜、镍、钴、锰、铬、钛、钼、银中至少一种。
优选地,所述ZaOb为Al2O3、MgO、ZnO中的一种。
优选地,所述RsOt为ZrO2、NiO、MnO、CuO中的至少一种。
优选地,所述硅碳负极材料为Li0.04 -Si@C-CuO/B-MgO、Li0.03 -Si@C-MnO/B-MgO、Li0.02 -Si@C-ZrO2/B-Al2O3、Li0.02 -Si@C-NiO/B-Al2O3中的至少一种。
一种硅碳负极材料的制备方法,所述的制备方法用于制备上述硅碳负极材料。
一种硅碳负极材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
将硅溶胶、可溶性R盐和硼酸聚合物混合搅拌,再加入石墨粉混合,反应,得到Si@C-R盐/BAP前体,热处理,得到Si@C-RsOt/B;
在石墨块为阴极、金属Z为阳极的电解槽中,用锂离子导体膜分隔电解槽为两个半槽,分别为阴极半槽和阳极半槽,将Si@C-RsOt/B置于阴极半槽通电电解,进行嵌锂处理,将阴极半槽固液分离,固体洗涤、烘干,得到Lif -Si@C-RsOt/B;
向阳极半槽中的电解液加入锂源搅拌,反应,固液分离,取固相与所述Lif -Si@C-RsOt/B混合均匀,再进行热处理,得到所述硅碳负极材料。
优选地,所述石墨块是由以下方法制备得到:将动力电池回收热解、筛分,得到电池黑粉,加硫酸调pH,并加入还原剂搅拌,固液分离,取固相水洗,再加入分散剂混合,粉碎,压制成型,得到石墨块。
进一步优选地,所述电池黑粉和硫酸的固液比为100-300g/L。
进一步优选地,所述硫酸的浓度为1-10mol/L;更优选地,硫酸的浓度为5-10mol/L。
优选地,所述还原剂为焦硫酸钠、焦硫酸钾、亚硫酸钠、亚硫酸钾、硫代硫酸钠、硫代硫酸钾中至少一种。
进一步优选地,所述还原剂和硫酸的固液比为10-100g/L。
进一步优选地,所述分散剂为蛋白液、甘油、苯甲酸中至少一种。
进一步优选地,所述固相和分散剂的固液比为30-400g/L。
进一步优选地,所述石墨粉的粒度<5μm。
优选地,所述硅溶胶、石墨、硼酸聚合物的固液比为(10-50)g:(2-30)g:(0.1-5)ml。
优选地,所述可溶性R盐中R的加入量为硅溶胶、石墨总质量的0.01-0.10。
优选地,所述可溶性R盐为锆、铜、镍、钴、锰、铬、钛、钼、银、镁钙、锗、锡、锑的可溶性的硫酸盐、硝酸盐、磷酸盐、氯化盐、溴化盐中至少一种。
优选地,所述硼酸聚合物为4-硼酸酯-4',4'-二甲基三苯胺、B,B'-噻吩[3,2-B]噻吩-2,5-二酰基双[硼酸]中的至少一种。
优选地,所述热处理的温度为200-400℃,热处理的时间为2-6h。
优选地,所述活性金属Z为镁、铝、锰、锌中的至少一种。
优选地,所述锂离子导体膜特点在于:电解时仅锂离子可以通过。
优选地,所述阴极半槽中由Si@C-RsOt/B材料、导电剂组成。
进一步优选地,所述导电剂是由二甲基乙二醇、碳酸乙烯酯、六氟磷酸锂按照1:1.5:1的体积比混合。
更优选地,所述六氟磷酸锂的浓度为1.5-2mol/L。
进一步优选地,所述阴极半槽中阴极电位附近附着为Si@C-RsOt/B材料。
进一步优选地,所述Si@C-RsOt/B材料、导电剂的固液比为10-50g/L。
优选地,所述控制阴极、阳极电势为阴极、阳极电势差>2.5V。
优选地,所述阳极半槽电解液为硅酸锂溶液,所述硅酸锂溶液的浓度为0.02-0.15mol/L。
进一步优选地,所述硅酸锂为Li2Si5O11、Li8SiO6、Li2SiO3、Li4SiO4、Li6Si2O7、Li2Si2O5中的至少一种。
优选地,所述固相、Lif-Si@C-RsOt/B的质量比为(0.1-5):100。
发明人研究利用硅酸锂当做嵌锂液中的电解液以及嵌锂处理的锂源进行嵌锂处理,嵌锂处理可由如下表示:
e·1/jLijSikOl+Si@C-RsOt/B+f·1/X·Z→Lif -Si@C-RsOt/B+f·1/X·ZX++(e-f)1/jLijSikOl。
优选地,所述热处理的温度为200-400℃,热处理的时间为2-6h。
优选地,所述热处理的气氛为氮气。
本发明还提供一种电池,包括所述的硅碳负极材料。
相对于现有技术,本发明的有益效果如下:
1、本发明的硅碳负极材料由于含有Si@C-RsOt/B,使得硅碳负极材料的比表面积、D50更佳,进而提升了电化学性能。
2、本发明在制备Si@C-RsOt/B中,通过硅溶胶、石墨粉与硼酸的高聚合物(BAP)共混,得到的稳定性能提高,其主要原因是BAP分子内含有N-B内配位键,硅溶胶、石墨粉与ABP共混复合得到Si@C-RsOt/B,热处理后,片状化更明显,块状结构较少,片状化结构表面积更大,受体积变化的影响较小,接触点位多,因此优化了离子扩散方式(图1-3的SEM图中,相较于对比例),同样相较于对比例,其循环性能和倍率性能更好,表明含BAP的硅碳负极材料的性能提升的效果更明显。
3、本发明通过加酸、还原剂浸出电池黑粉,得到主要含石墨的不溶渣,将得到的石墨粉可以两重使用,降低了制备成本,一方面用于Lif -Si@C-RsOt/B-ZaOb中的碳源,来源直接,另一方面当做嵌锂处理中电解的阴极材料。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例3硅碳负极材料的SEM图;
图2为本发明对比例2硅碳负极材料的SEM图;
图3为本发明实施例1、3与对比例1、2第1-100次放电比容量图。
具体实施方式
以下将结合实施例对本发明的构思及产生的技术效果进行清楚、完整地描述,以充分地理解本发明的目的、特征和效果。显然,所描述的实施例只是本发明的一部分实施例,而不是全部实施例,基于本发明的实施例,本领域的技术人员在不付出创造性劳动的前提下所获得的其他实施例,均属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1
本实施例的硅碳负极材料,其化学式为Li0.02 -Si@C-ZrO2/B-Al2O3。
本实施例的硅碳负极材料的制备方法,具体步骤如下:
(1)石墨粉:将NCM型动力电池回收热解、筛分得到150g电池黑粉,加入1.5L的2.63mol/L硫酸调pH=0.02,再加入20g亚硫酸钠搅拌、过滤得到34g不溶渣,水洗至中性,将4g不溶渣和20ml甘油混合,送至粉碎机中粉碎得到石墨粉,石墨粉粒度<5μm,用粉末压片机压制,得到长片石墨;
(2)制备片状Si@C-ZrO2/B:将40g硅溶胶(二氧化硅含量27.3%)、0.3g硫酸锆和0.3ml的4-硼酸酯-4',4'-二甲基三苯胺用超声波混合器混合、搅拌,期间加入3g石墨粉,得到均相的Si@C-Zr(SO4)2/4-硼酸酯-4',4'-二甲基三苯胺前体,在115℃烘箱烘至恒重、再在210℃充氮气下加热5h、降温、洗涤,得到10g黑色粉末Si@C-ZrO2/B;
(3)将锂离子导体膜分隔电解槽为两个半槽(阴极半槽、阳极半槽),阴极半槽中电极为阴极石墨,石墨附着10g的Si@C-ZrO2/B材料,加400ml导电剂(二甲基乙二醇:碳酸乙烯酯:1.5M六氟磷酸锂按照体积比为1:1.5:1混合)组成,阳极半槽中电极为铝片,阳极半槽中有电解液为400ml0.064mol/L的Li2SiO3,通电25min,进行嵌锂处理,阴极半槽固液分离,固体洗涤、在115℃烘箱烘干,得到10.2gLi0.02 -Si@C-ZrO2/B;
(4)将阳极半槽的电解液滴加0.37M氢氧化锂得到沉淀,固液分离,固体为Al(OH)3,将0.3gAl(OH)3与8gLi0.02 -Si@C-ZrO2/B混合均匀,再在219℃充氮气下加热3h,得到的硅碳负极材料Li0.02 -Si@C-ZrO2/B-Al2O3。
本实施例的嵌锂化学反应过程为:
0.03·1/2Li2SiO3+Si@C-ZrO2/B+0.03·1/3Al→Li0.02-Si@C-ZrO2/B+0.03·1/3Al3++0.01·1/2Li2SiO3。
实施例2
本实施例的硅碳负极材料,其化学式为Li0.02-Si@C-NiO/B-Al2O3。
本实施例的硅碳负极材料的制备方法,具体步骤如下:
(1)石墨粉:将NCM型动力电池回收热解、筛分得到150g电池黑粉,加入1.5L的2.63mol/L硫酸调pH=0.02,再加入25g亚硫酸钠搅拌、过滤得到34g不溶渣,水洗至中性,将4g不溶渣和20ml甘油混合,送至粉碎机中粉碎得到石墨粉,石墨粉粒度<5μm,用粉末压片机压制,得到长片石墨;
(2)制备片状Si@C-NiO/B:将45g硅溶胶(二氧化硅含量27.3%)、0.2g硫酸镍和0.3ml的4-硼酸酯-4',4'-二甲基三苯胺用超声波混合器混合、搅拌,期间加入4g石墨粉,得到均相的Si@C-NiSO4/4-硼酸酯-4',4'-二甲基三苯胺前体,在115℃烘箱烘至恒重、再在210℃充氮气下加热5h、降温、洗涤,得到10g黑色粉末Si@C-NiO/B;
(3)将锂离子导体膜分隔电解槽为两个半槽(阴极半槽、阳极半槽),阴极半槽中电极为阴极石墨,石墨附着10g的Si@C-NiO/B材料,加400ml导电剂(二甲基乙二醇:碳酸乙烯酯:1.5mol/L六氟磷酸锂按照体积比为1:1.5:1混合)组成,阳极半槽中电极为铝片,阳极半槽中有电解液为400ml0.064mol/L的Li2SiO3,通电35min,进行嵌锂处理,阴极半槽固液分离,固体洗涤、在115℃烘箱烘干,得到10.2gLi0.02 -Si@C-NiO/B;
(4)将阳极半槽的电解液滴加0.37M氢氧化锂得到沉淀,固液分离,固体为Al(OH)3,将0.3gAl(OH)3与8gLi0.02 -Si@C-NiO/B混合均匀,再在219℃充氮气下加热3h,得到的硅碳负极材料Li0.02 -Si@C-NiO/B-Al2O3。
实施例3
本实施例的硅碳负极材料,其化学式为Li0.03-Si@C-MnO/B-MgO。
本实施例的硅碳负极材料的制备方法,具体步骤如下:
(1)石墨粉:将NCM型动力电池回收热解、筛分得到150g电池黑粉,加入1.5L的2.63mol/L硫酸调pH=0.02,再加入28g亚硫酸钠搅拌、过滤得到34g不溶渣,水洗至中性,将4g不溶渣和20ml甘油混合,送至粉碎机中粉碎得到石墨粉,石墨粉粒度<5μm,用粉末压片机压制,得到长片石墨;
(2)制备片状Si@C-MnO/B:将45g硅溶胶(二氧化硅含量27.3%)、0.4g硫酸锰和0.4ml的4-硼酸酯-4',4'-二甲基三苯胺用超声波混合器混合、搅拌,期间加入3g石墨粉,得到均相的Si@C-NiSO4/4-硼酸酯-4',4'-二甲基三苯胺前体,在115℃烘箱烘至恒重、再在260℃充氮气下加热4h、降温、洗涤,得到13g黑色粉末Si@C-NiO/B;
(3)将锂离子导体膜分隔电解槽为两个半槽(阴极半槽、阳极半槽),阴极半槽中电极为阴极石墨,石墨附着10g的Si@C-NiO/B材料,加480ml导电剂(二甲基乙二醇:碳酸乙烯酯:1.5mol/L六氟磷酸锂按照体积比为1:1.5:1混合)组成,阳极半槽中电极为铝片,阳极半槽中有电解液为480ml0.087mol/L的Li2SiO3,通电48min,进行嵌锂处理,阴极半槽固液分离,固体洗涤、在115℃烘箱烘干,得到10.2gLi0.02 -Si@C-NiO/B;
(4)将阳极半槽的电解液滴加0.18mol/L氢氧化锂得到沉淀,固液分离,固体为Mg(OH)2,将0.22gMg(OH)2与9gLi0.02 -Si@C-NiO/B混合均匀,再在286℃充氮气下加热2h,得到的硅碳负极材料Li0.03-Si@C-MnO/B-MgO。
实施例4
本实施例的硅碳负极材料,其化学式为Li0.03-Si@C-MnO/B-MgO。
本实施例的硅碳负极材料的制备方法,具体步骤如下:
(1)石墨粉:将NCM型动力电池回收热解、筛分得到150g电池黑粉,加入1.5L的2.63mol/L硫酸调pH=0.02,再加入32g亚硫酸钠搅拌、过滤得到34g不溶渣,水洗至中性,将4g不溶渣和20ml甘油混合,送至粉碎机中粉碎得到石墨粉,石墨粉粒度<5μm,用粉末压片机压制,得到长片石墨;
(2)制备片状Si@C-CuO/B:将45g硅溶胶(二氧化硅含量27.3%)、0.15g氯化铜和0.4ml的4-硼酸酯-4',4'-二甲基三苯胺用超声波混合器混合、搅拌,期间加入3g石墨粉,得到均相的Si@C-CuCl2/B,B'-噻吩[3,2-B]噻吩-2,5-二酰基双[硼酸]前体,在115℃烘箱烘至恒重、再在260℃充氮气下加热4h、降温、洗涤,得到11g黑色粉末Si@C-CuO/B;
(3)将锂离子导体膜分隔电解槽为两个半槽(阴极半槽、阳极半槽),阴极半槽中电极为阴极石墨,石墨附着10g的Si@C-NiO/B材料,加480ml导电剂(二甲基乙二醇:碳酸乙烯酯:1.5mol/L六氟磷酸锂按照体积比为1:1.5:1混合)组成,阳极半槽中电极为铝片,阳极半槽中有电解液为480ml0.087mol/L的Li2SiO3,通电48min,进行嵌锂处理,阴极半槽固液分离,固体洗涤、在115℃烘箱烘干,得到10.4gLi0.04 -Si@C-CuO/B;
(4)将阳极半槽的电解液滴加0.18mol/L氢氧化锂得到沉淀,固液分离,固体为Mg(OH)2,将0.37gMg(OH)2与8gLi0.02 -Si@C-NiO/B混合均匀,再在360℃充氮气下加热2h,得到的硅碳负极材料Li0.04-Si@C-CuO/B-MgO。
对比例1(未嵌锂处理)
本对比例的硅碳负极材料,其化学式为Li0.02 -Si@C-ZrO2/B-Al2O3。
本对比例的硅碳负极材料的制备方法,具体步骤如下:
(1)石墨粉:将NCM型动力电池回收热解、筛分得到150g电池黑粉,加入1.5L的2.63mol/L硫酸调pH=0.02,再加入25g亚硫酸钠搅拌、过滤得到34g不溶渣,水洗至中性,将4g不溶渣和20ml甘油混合,送至粉碎机中粉碎得到石墨粉,石墨粉粒度<5μm,用粉末压片机压制,得到长片石墨;
(2)制备片状Si@C-ZrO2/B:将40g硅溶胶(二氧化硅含量27.3%)、0.3g硫酸锆和0.3ml的4-硼酸酯-4',4'-二甲基三苯胺用超声波混合器混合、搅拌,期间加入3g石墨粉,得到均相的Si@C-Zr(SO4)2/4-硼酸酯-4',4'-二甲基三苯胺前体,在115℃烘箱烘至恒重、再在210℃充氮气下加热5h、降温、洗涤,得到10g黑色粉末Si@C-ZrO2/B。
对比例2(未加入硼酸聚合物)
本对比例的硅碳负极材料,其化学式为Li0.03-Si@C-MnO/B-MgO。
本对比例的硅碳负极材料的制备方法,具体步骤如下:
(1)石墨粉:将NCM型动力电池回收热解、筛分得到150g电池黑粉,加入1.5L的2.63mol/L硫酸调pH=0.02,再加入20g亚硫酸钠搅拌、过滤得到34g不溶渣,水洗至中性,将4g不溶渣和20ml甘油混合,送至粉碎机中粉碎得到石墨粉,石墨粉粒度<5μm,用粉末压片机压制,得到长片石墨;
(2)制备片状Si@C-MnO/B:将45g硅溶胶(二氧化硅含量27.3%)、0.4g硫酸锰和0.4ml的4-硼酸酯-4',4'-二甲基三苯胺用超声波混合器混合、搅拌,期间加入3g石墨粉,得到均相的Si@C-MnSO4/4-硼酸酯-4',4'-二甲基三苯胺前体,在115℃烘箱烘至恒重、再在260℃充氮气下加热4h、降温、洗涤,得到13g黑色粉末Si@C-MnO/B;
(3)将锂离子导体膜分隔电解槽为两个半槽(阴极半槽、阳极半槽),阴极半槽中电极为阴极石墨,石墨附着10g的Si@C-MnO/B材料,加480ml导电剂(二甲基乙二醇:碳酸乙烯酯:1.5mol/L六氟磷酸锂按照体积比为1:1.5:1混合)组成,阳极半槽中电极为铝片,阳极半槽中有电解液为480ml0.087mol/L的Li2SiO3,通电48min,进行嵌锂处理,阴极半槽固液分离,固体洗涤、在115℃烘箱烘干,得到10.2gLi0.02 -Si@C-MnO/B;
(4)将阳极半槽的电解液滴加0.18mol/L氢氧化锂得到沉淀,固液分离,固体为Mg(OH)2,将0.22gMg(OH)2与9gLi0.02 -Si@C-MnO混合均匀,再在286℃充氮气下加热2h,得到的硅碳负极材料Li0.03-Si@C-MnO-MgO。
实施例1-4与对比例1-2分析:
图1为对比例2硅碳负极材料的SEM图,可见对比例3制备得到的硅碳负极材料Li0.03-Si@C-MnO-MgO快状、片状较多,快状硅碳负极材料大小为5μm左右,图2实施例3硅碳负极材料的SEM图,可见实施例3制备得到的硅碳负极材料Li0.03-Si@C-MnO/B-MgO片状较多,快状很少,片状硅碳负极材料大小为400-800nm左右。
表1为实施例1-3与对比例1、2硅碳负极材料比表面积、D50,实施例1-3制备得到的硅碳负极材料的比表面积、D50优于对比例1、2硅碳负极材料的比表面积、D50。此外,对比例1制备得到的硅碳负极材料的比表面积高于对比例2硅碳负极材料的比表面积,对比例1制备得到的硅碳负极材料的D50高于对比例2硅碳负极材料的D50,说明加硼酸聚合物(BAP)后的硅碳负极材料的比表面积、D50更佳。
实施例1、3与对比例1、2分析:
电极的制备采用了电化学方法,首先是极片制备:把实施例1、实施例3、对比例1、2制备得到的硅碳负极活性物质、Super P导电剂、粘结剂,按照8:1.5:0.5的质量比,用电子天平称取,放置于特定称量瓶中,分散均匀,用超纯水做溶剂,使用磁力搅拌器把浆料混匀,之后把配置好的浆料通过涂布机进行涂覆,集流体采用铜箔,置于燥箱中85℃处理8h。最后再使用切片机切片,获得直径约12mm的可用于电化学测试的极片。
扣式电池组装:计算极片的活性物质载量,把极片转移至手套箱,准备按着电极壳,硅负极,隔膜,金属锂对电极,泡沫镍的顺序依次叠放,然后进行扣电组装。半电池组装好后,压力封装。封装完后,需要把扣式电池置于室温下静置过夜。测试时保持测试环境为室温(15-25℃),电压范围为0.001-1.5V,电流密度设为0.5A/g、1A/g、1.5A/g、3A/g,循环次数为100次,见图3。
表1实施例1-4与对比例1-2硅碳负极比表面积、电导率
组别 | BET(m<sup>2</sup>/g) | D<sub>90</sub>(μm) | D<sub>50</sub>(μm) |
实施例1 | 0.481 | 1.22 | 0.69 |
实施例2 | 0.468 | 1.24 | 0.68 |
实施例3 | 0.446 | 1.01 | 0.64 |
实施例4 | 0.455 | 1.33 | 0.67 |
对比例1 | 0.363 | 1.56 | 0.83 |
对比例2 | 0.247 | 7.43 | 3.73 |
图3实施例1、3与对比例1、2第1-100次放电比容量图,结合表1以及图3,0.5A/g电流密度下,实施例1、3第1次放电比容量分别达到2259mAh/g、2647mAh/g,对比例1、2第1次放电比容量分别达到1798mAh/g、2302mAh/g,3A/g电流密度下,循环次数达到31次时,实施例1、3放电比容量达到1473mAh/g、1289mAh/g,对比例1、2第31次时放电比容量为601mAh/g、1018mAh/g,实施例1、3表现出优异的倍率及循环性能。实施例1、3制备得到的硅碳负极比表面积、D50、D90均优于于对比例1-2制备得到的硅碳负极比表面积、D50、D90,尤其是对比例2制备得到的硅碳负极比表面积、D50、D90高于比例1制备得到的硅碳负极比表面积、D50、D90,说明经过硼酸聚合物(BAP)处理的硅碳负极的性能更优。
上面结合附图对本发明实施例作了详细说明,但是本发明不限于上述实施例,在所属技术领域普通技术人员所具备的知识范围内,还可以在不脱离本发明宗旨的前提下作出各种变化。此外,在不冲突的情况下,本发明的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合。
Claims (10)
1.一种硅碳负极材料,其特征在于,所述硅碳负极材料的化学通式为Lif -Si@C-RsOt/B-ZaOb;所述R为锆、铜、镍、钴、锰、铬、钛、钼、银、镁、钙、锗、锡、锑中至少一种;所述Z为铝、镁、锌中的至少一种,其中s、t分别独立的为1、2、3、4或5,a=1或2,b=1或3。
2.根据权利要求1所述的硅碳负极材料,其特征在于,所述ZaOb为Al2O3、MgO、ZnO中的一种。
3.根据权利要求1所述的硅碳负极材料,其特征在于,所述RsOt为ZrO2、NiO、MnO、CuO中的至少一种。
4.根据权利要求1所述的硅碳负极材料,其特征在于,所述硅碳负极材料为Li0.04 -Si@C-CuO/B-MgO、Li0.03 -Si@C-MnO/B-MgO、Li0.02 -Si@C-ZrO2/B-Al2O3、Li0.02 -Si@C-NiO/B-Al2O3中的至少一种。
5.权利要求1-4任一项所述的硅碳负极材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的制备方法用于制备权利要求1-4任一项所述的硅碳负极材料。
6.根据权利要求5所述的硅碳负极材料的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
将硅溶胶、可溶性R盐和硼酸聚合物混合搅拌,再加入石墨粉混合,反应,得到Si@C-R盐/BAP前体,热处理,得到Si@C-RsOt/B;
在石墨块为阴极、金属Z为阳极的电解槽中,用锂离子导体膜分隔电解槽为两个半槽,分别为阴极半槽和阳极半槽,将Si@C-RsOt/B置于阴极半槽通电电解,进行嵌锂处理,将阴极半槽固液分离,固体洗涤、烘干,得到Lif -Si@C-RsOt/B;
向阳极半槽中的电解液加入锂源搅拌,反应,固液分离,取固相与所述Lif -Si@C-RsOt/B混合均匀,再进行热处理,得到所述硅碳负极材料。
7.根据权利要求6所述的硅碳负极材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述石墨块是由以下方法制备得到:将动力电池回收热解、筛分,得到电池黑粉,加硫酸调pH,并加入还原剂搅拌,固液分离,取固相水洗,再加入分散剂混合,粉碎,压制成型,得到石墨块。
8.根据权利要求7所述的硅碳负极材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述还原剂为焦硫酸钠、焦硫酸钾、亚硫酸钠、亚硫酸钾、硫代硫酸钠、硫代硫酸钾中的至少一种;所述分散剂为蛋白液、甘油、苯甲酸中的至少一种。
9.根据权利要求6所述的硅碳负极材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述可溶性R盐为锆、铜、镍、钴、锰、铬、钛、钼、银、镁钙、锗、锡、锑的可溶性的硫酸盐、硝酸盐、磷酸盐、氯化盐、溴化盐中的至少一种;所述硼酸聚合物为4-硼酸酯-4',4'-二甲基三苯胺、B,B'-噻吩[3,2-B]噻吩-2,5-二酰基双[硼酸]中的至少一种;所述锂源为氢氧化锂、氯化锂、硫酸锂、硝酸锂中的至少一种。
10.一种电池,其特征在于,包括权利要求1-4任一项所述的硅碳负极材料。
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CN105280879A (zh) * | 2014-05-28 | 2016-01-27 | 北京有色金属研究总院 | 一种二氧化硅/碳复合多孔电极及其制备方法 |
KR102691451B1 (ko) * | 2018-12-13 | 2024-08-05 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 음극 활물질 및 이를 채용한 리튬 이차 전지, 및 상기 음극 활물질의 제조방법 |
CN112420982A (zh) * | 2020-11-02 | 2021-02-26 | 四川大学 | 一种钙钛矿钒酸盐共混活性材料的电极极片 |
CN113066790A (zh) * | 2021-03-19 | 2021-07-02 | 日月光半导体制造股份有限公司 | 半导体封装装置及其制造方法 |
CN113066970A (zh) * | 2021-03-29 | 2021-07-02 | 宁德新能源科技有限公司 | 硅碳负极材料、电化学装置和电子装置 |
CN114335489A (zh) * | 2022-01-14 | 2022-04-12 | 广东邦普循环科技有限公司 | 硅碳负极材料及其制备方法和应用 |
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WO2023134366A1 (zh) * | 2022-01-14 | 2023-07-20 | 广东邦普循环科技有限公司 | 硅碳负极材料及其制备方法和应用 |
GB2619868A (en) * | 2022-01-14 | 2023-12-20 | Guangdong Brunp Recycling Technology Co Ltd | Silicon-carbon negative electrode material, and preparation method therefor and use thereof |
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