CN114304441A - Organic trace element compound bag for fish and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Organic trace element compound bag for fish and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an organic trace element compound bag for fish, which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 50-200 parts of hydroxyl methionine iron, 50-300 parts of arginine biotin iron, 50-300 parts of threonine zinc, 50-200 parts of arginine biotin zinc, 50-200 parts of hydroxyl methionine zinc, 10-50 parts of hydroxyl methionine copper, 10-50 parts of hydroxyl methionine manganese, 50-300 parts of tryptophan manganese, 5-50 parts of yeast selenium and 50-300 parts of a carrier. The product is safe and efficient, has low emission and is environment-friendly, can be used for large-scale industrial production, and provides a novel organic trace element compound bag which can completely or partially replace inorganic trace elements, has low emission, improves liver health and improves production performance for fish feed. Also discloses a preparation method and application of the organic trace element composite package.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of feed additives, and particularly relates to an organic trace element compound bag for fish and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
With the rapid development of fish farming in China and the influence of national environmental protection policies, feeding, fertilizing and fence dismantling are gradually quitted from a large water surface, net cage culture is gradually quitted, the high-density, intensive and industrialized culture modes of ponds are deepened continuously, the challenge on the health of fish livers is larger and larger, and the incidence rate of fish liver diseases is increased continuously.
The liver is an important gland and digestive metabolic organ of the fish, and damage or pathological changes of the liver often cause nutritional metabolic disorder, immune system disorder and disease resistance reduction of the fish, and easily cause outbreak of other secondary diseases to cause mass death of the fish. Liver diseases can occur in fishes of various ages and varieties, such as carp, crucian carp, grass carp, rainbow trout, weever, black porgy, red porgy, flounder, large yellow croaker, tilapia, sturgeon, megalobrama amblycephala, herring, and the like. The disease is mainly prevalent in 5-10 months, and the peak period is 6-8 months. The treatment is not timely, and the death rate can reach 50 to 90 percent. Primary liver diseases are mostly chronic diseases, long in course of disease, and dispersed in death, and are not easy to be found. Secondary liver disease is often caused by other diseases, usually with acute onset and high mortality. The economic loss of aquatic animals caused by liver diseases is immeasurable. Has become a recognized important disease that jeopardizes fish production.
At present, the microelements used in various fish feeds are inorganic sulfates, such as ferrous sulfate, copper sulfate, zinc sulfate, manganese sulfate, sodium selenite and the like. The use of inorganic sulfate in large quantities can cause a plurality of problems: 1. the inorganic sulfate is influenced by the production process, most of the inorganic sulfate is primarily processed by taking industrial byproducts as raw materials, and the problems of unknown impurities and overproof toxic and harmful substances commonly exist in finished products, so that fish viscera including liver face toxic risk; 2. the inorganic sulfate is unstable, is easy to absorb moisture and agglomerate and dissociate, has strong oxidative damage to nutrients such as vitamins, enzyme preparations, grease, particularly unsaturated fat, unsaturated fatty acid and the like in feed or premix, and further influences the exertion of the nutritional efficacy of the nutrients in the aspect of promoting the health of the liver; 3. the inorganic sulfate is used in a large amount, has strong irritation to intestinal tracts, can increase the oxidative damage of the intestinal tracts, influences the intestinal health of fishes, and indirectly influences the liver health; 4. the use of a large amount of inorganic sulfate increases the metabolic burden of the liver; 5. the utilization rate of the inorganic sulfate is low, a large amount of inorganic sulfate is used, and the discharge pressure of a water body is increased; with the continuous development of organic trace element theory and application research, it is generally believed that organic trace elements can effectively reduce the problems compared with inorganic sulfate.
Different organic trace elements have certain differences in product stability and application effect due to structural differences. The amino acid chelate trace element is a novel trace element which is green, safe, environment-friendly and efficient, is added in livestock and poultry feed to replace all or part of inorganic trace elements, and has been widely applied for a long time. However, the research reports of adding the additive into fish feed are few, and the application in actual production is inexperienced. Similarly, under the influence of the structure of amino acid chelates, amino acid chelates with different amino acids as ligands have different product stability and action effects. Such as: the glycine series organic trace is applied to fishes, but the glycine series organic trace is mainly of a complex structure, is not easy to form a chelate, is superior to inorganic sulfate in product stability, but is easy to dissociate in gastrointestinal tracts, and an absorption channel is basically consistent with the inorganic sulfate. The chelate with methionine as ligand is also added, and compared with hydroxymethionine chelate, the chelate has lower purity and chelating rate, and the efficacy is also reduced.
Therefore, the development of the organic trace element compound package which can replace all or part of inorganic trace elements, improve the liver health of the fishes and reduce the emission has very important significance.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems of overcoming the defects and defects in the background technology, particularly the defects and defects of inorganic trace elements, and providing an organic trace element compound bag which can replace all or part of inorganic trace elements, improve the liver health of fishes, reduce the emission and is used for the fishes, and a preparation method and application thereof.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
an organic trace element compound package for fish comprises the following components in parts by weight: 50-200 parts of hydroxyl methionine iron, 50-300 parts of arginine biotin iron, 50-300 parts of threonine zinc, 50-200 parts of arginine biotin zinc, 50-200 parts of hydroxyl methionine zinc, 10-50 parts of hydroxyl methionine copper, 10-50 parts of hydroxyl methionine manganese, 50-300 parts of tryptophan manganese, 5-50 parts of yeast selenium and 50-300 parts of a carrier.
The organic trace element composite package preferably comprises the following components in parts by weight: 70 parts of hydroxyl methionine iron, 300 parts of arginine biotin iron, 170 parts of threonine zinc, 100 parts of arginine biotin zinc, 50 parts of hydroxyl methionine zinc, 30 parts of hydroxyl methionine copper, 30 parts of hydroxyl methionine manganese, 120 parts of tryptophan manganese, 50 parts of yeast selenium and 80 parts of carrier.
Preferably, the composition comprises the following components in parts by weight: 100 parts of hydroxyl methionine iron, 250 parts of arginine biotin iron, 100 parts of threonine zinc, 170 parts of arginine biotin zinc, 50 parts of hydroxyl methionine zinc, 20 parts of hydroxyl methionine copper, 50 parts of hydroxyl methionine manganese, 100 parts of tryptophan manganese, 50 parts of yeast selenium and 110 parts of carrier.
Preferably, the composition comprises the following components in parts by weight: 50 parts of hydroxyl methionine iron, 50 parts of arginine biotin iron, 150 parts of threonine zinc, 200 parts of arginine biotin zinc, 150 parts of hydroxyl methionine zinc, 10 parts of hydroxyl methionine copper, 50 parts of hydroxyl methionine manganese, 50 parts of tryptophan manganese, 20 parts of yeast selenium and 270 parts of a carrier.
Preferably, the hydroxy methionine iron zinc, hydroxy methionine iron and hydroxy methionine manganese are chelated by hydroxy methionine and zinc, iron and manganese respectively in a molar ratio of 1:1 or 2: 1.
Preferably, the argininyl zinc and argininyl iron are organic trace elements chelated by argininyl and zinc and iron at a molar ratio of 1:1 or 2:1, respectively.
Preferably, the zinc threonine, iron threonine and magnesium threonine are organic trace elements obtained by chelating threonine with zinc, iron and magnesium in a molar ratio of 1:1 or 2:1, respectively.
Preferably, the carrier is modified medical stone, and the 60-mesh-sieve material is 0.
The amino acid chelate selected by the invention comprises four major amino acid chelates taking hydroxy methionine, threonine, argininol and tryptophan as ligands, wherein the amino acid ligands are all fish essential amino acids, the ligands are rich in types, and compared with a single amino acid ligand organic trace element, the amino acid chelate can be absorbed by different amino acid channels in a fish digestive tract, and the absorption utilization rate is higher.
There is a close relationship between the intestine and the liver of animals. When the intestinal barrier function is disrupted, the intestinal permeability is increased, which results in an increased detoxification load on the liver. Imbalance of intestinal flora can affect the toxin expelling capability of the liver, the absorption efficiency of nutrient substances such as intestinal vitamins is reduced, and the liver function is damaged. Threonine and zinc have special effects in promoting intestinal injury repair and intestinal development and improving intestinal mucosa barrier function. Arginine can regulate liver microthrombosis and improve microcirculation and function of liver by increasing NO generation. Arginine and zinc can promote the increase of SOD, lighten lipid peroxidation and protect liver cells, and arginine biotin is an efficient substitute for arginine, so that the invention particularly selects threonine zinc and arginine biotin chelate which take threonine and arginine biotin as ligands as raw materials. Compared with inorganic selenium, the selenium yeast has more remarkable effect on improving the activity of the antioxidant enzymes of the body including the liver, and further can effectively improve the health level of the liver.
Based on a general inventive concept, the invention provides a preparation method of the organic trace element composite package, which comprises the following steps:
(1) uniformly mixing copper hydroxymethionine, selenium yeast and part of carrier to prepare a small bag 1;
(2) uniformly mixing zinc hydroxymethionine, zinc argininate, zinc threonine, manganese hydroxymethionine and manganese tryptophan to obtain a small bag 2;
(3) uniformly mixing hydroxyl methionine iron and arginine biotin iron to obtain a small bag 3;
(4) and uniformly mixing the small bags 1, 2 and 3 with the rest of the carrier to obtain the organic trace element composite bag.
Based on a general inventive concept, the invention also provides an application of the organic trace element compound bag, wherein the organic trace element compound bag is added into the feed of the fish, and the feed is fed after the organic trace element compound bag and the feed are uniformly mixed.
In the above application, preferably, the addition amount of the organic trace element compound package is 0.5-1.0 per mill of the total weight of the complete compound feed for fish, more preferably 0.7-1.0 per mill, and most preferably 1.0 per mill. Specifically, when the addition amount of the organic trace element compound package is 0.7-1.0 permillage of the total weight of the complete compound feed for different edible fishes, compared with the addition of the original pure inorganic compound polymineral, the liver fat deposition of the fishes is reduced, the integrity of the liver is better, and the functions of resisting oxidation of the liver, defending pathogens and the like are improved; when the addition amount of the organic trace element compound bag is 1 per mill of the total weight of the complete compound feed for the fish, the weight gain rate of the fish is highest, the bait coefficient and the death rate are lowest, and the activities of the T-SOD, the T-AOC and the LZM enzymes of the liver are highest.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the organic trace element composite package comprises iron hydroxymethionine, copper hydroxymethionine, zinc hydroxymethionine, manganese hydroxymethionine, zinc threonine, iron arginine, zinc arginine, manganese tryptophan and selenium yeast, wherein the carriers are compounded and added into fish feed in an addition amount of 0.5-1.0 per mill.
2. The hydroxyl methionine iron, the hydroxyl methionine copper, the hydroxyl methionine zinc, the hydroxyl methionine manganese, the threonine zinc, the arginine biotin iron, the arginine biotin zinc, the tryptophan manganese and the yeast selenium in the organic trace element composite package are all insoluble in water, and the loss rate in the culture water body is low; compared with corresponding inorganic sulfate or sodium selenite, the organic fertilizer has the advantages of low residual of toxic and harmful substances, better stability, less oxidation damage to nutrient substances, higher absorption and utilization rate and less water body emission.
3. The organic trace element composite package of the invention contains a plurality of chelates of different amino acid ligands, and compared with a single or two organic trace element composite packages or other organic trace element composite packages consisting of amino acid ligand chelates, the organic trace element composite package is absorbed by a plurality of amino acid channels, and the absorption utilization rate is higher.
4. The organic trace elements selected in the organic trace element compound package have special effects on improving intestinal health and liver health by combining different amino acid ligands, and the organic trace elements are scientifically compounded according to a certain proportion, so that the fat deposition of the liver of fish can be reduced, the functions of improving the liver structure, resisting oxidation, resisting diseases and the like can be improved, the growth performance can be improved, and the death rate can be reduced.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 shows the visceral condition and body color condition of crucian treated differently in application example 2.
Detailed Description
In order to facilitate understanding of the invention, the invention will be described more fully and in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments, but the scope of the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments below.
Unless otherwise defined, all terms of art used hereinafter have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art. The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
Unless otherwise specifically stated, various raw materials, reagents, instruments, equipment and the like used in the present invention are commercially available or can be prepared by existing methods.
Example 1:
an organic trace element compound package for fish feed comprises the following components in parts by weight: 70 parts of hydroxyl methionine iron, 300 parts of arginine biotin iron, 170 parts of threonine zinc, 100 parts of arginine biotin zinc, 50 parts of hydroxyl methionine zinc, 30 parts of hydroxyl methionine copper, 30 parts of hydroxyl methionine manganese, 120 parts of tryptophan manganese, 50 parts of yeast selenium and 80 parts of carrier.
The preparation method of the organic trace element composite package comprises the following steps:
(1) uniformly mixing copper hydroxymethionine, selenium yeast and part of carrier to prepare a small bag 1;
(2) uniformly mixing zinc hydroxymethionine, zinc argininate, zinc threonine, manganese hydroxymethionine and manganese tryptophan to obtain a small bag 2;
(3) uniformly mixing hydroxyl methionine iron and arginine biotin iron to obtain a small bag 3;
(4) and uniformly mixing the small bags 1, 2 and 3 with the rest of the carrier to obtain the organic trace element composite bag.
Example 2:
an organic trace element compound package for fish feed comprises the following components in parts by weight: 100 parts of hydroxyl methionine iron, 250 parts of arginine biotin iron, 100 parts of threonine zinc, 170 parts of arginine biotin zinc, 50 parts of hydroxyl methionine zinc, 20 parts of hydroxyl methionine copper, 50 parts of hydroxyl methionine manganese, 100 parts of tryptophan manganese, 50 parts of yeast selenium and 110 parts of carrier.
The preparation method of the organic trace element composite package comprises the following steps:
(1) uniformly mixing copper hydroxymethionine, selenium yeast and part of carrier to prepare a small bag 1;
(2) uniformly mixing zinc hydroxymethionine, zinc argininate, zinc threonine, manganese hydroxymethionine and manganese tryptophan to obtain a small bag 2;
(3) uniformly mixing hydroxyl methionine iron and arginine biotin iron to obtain a small bag 3;
(4) and uniformly mixing the small bags 1, 2 and 3 with the rest of the carrier to obtain the organic trace element composite bag.
Example 3:
an organic trace element compound package for fish feed comprises the following components in parts by weight: 200 parts of hydroxyl methionine iron, 70 parts of arginine biotin iron, 60 parts of threonine zinc, 50 parts of arginine biotin zinc, 250 parts of hydroxyl methionine zinc, 30 parts of hydroxyl methionine copper, 50 parts of hydroxyl methionine manganese, 50 parts of tryptophan manganese, 50 parts of yeast selenium and 190 parts of carrier.
The preparation method of the organic trace element composite package comprises the following steps:
(1) uniformly mixing copper hydroxymethionine, selenium yeast and part of carrier to prepare a small bag 1;
(2) uniformly mixing zinc hydroxymethionine, zinc argininate, zinc threonine, manganese hydroxymethionine and manganese tryptophan to obtain a small bag 2;
(3) uniformly mixing hydroxyl methionine iron and arginine biotin iron to obtain a small bag 3;
(4) and uniformly mixing the small bags 1, 2 and 3 with the rest of the carrier to obtain the organic trace element composite bag.
Example 4:
an organic trace element compound package for fish feed comprises the following components in parts by weight: 50 parts of hydroxyl methionine iron, 50 parts of arginine biotin iron, 150 parts of threonine zinc, 200 parts of arginine biotin zinc, 150 parts of hydroxyl methionine zinc, 10 parts of hydroxyl methionine copper, 50 parts of hydroxyl methionine manganese, 50 parts of tryptophan manganese, 20 parts of yeast selenium and 270 parts of a carrier.
The preparation method of the organic trace element composite package comprises the following steps:
(1) uniformly mixing copper hydroxymethionine, selenium yeast and part of carrier to prepare a small bag 1;
(2) uniformly mixing zinc hydroxymethionine, zinc argininate, zinc threonine, manganese hydroxymethionine and manganese tryptophan to obtain a small bag 2;
(3) uniformly mixing hydroxyl methionine iron and arginine biotin iron to obtain a small bag 3;
(4) and uniformly mixing the small bags 1, 2 and 3 with the rest of the carrier to obtain the organic trace element composite bag.
Application example 1:
the organic trace element composite packages prepared in example 1, example 2 and example 3 were added to grass carp feed.
Selecting small grass carp (about 10.3 g/tail) with bright body color, no disease or injury on body surface, strong physique and basically consistent weight, and uniformly dividing the small grass carp into 4 treatments according to the weight, wherein each treatment is repeated for 4 times, and each treatment is repeated for 20 times. The test was carried out using a control group, a treatment 1 group, a treatment 2 group and a treatment 3 group. Wherein, the control group adds pure inorganic multi-mineral in the basic ration without composite multi-mineral, the treatment group 1, the treatment group 2 and the treatment group 3, respectively adds 1.0kg of the organic trace element composite packages of the embodiment 1, 1.0kg of the embodiment 2 and 1.0kg of the embodiment 3 in the basic ration, and simultaneously multiplies the coefficient by 1.5 according to the corresponding element content, and the part with insufficient content compared with the corresponding inorganic trace element of the control group is filled with the same amount of inorganic trace element. The basic ration was formulated according to the grass carp compound feed nutritional standard (SC/T1024-. The method comprises sterilizing test fish with normal salt water method, and acclimatizing all grass carp with basic feed for 1 week before test to adapt to test feed. The cultivation test was carried out in a glass reinforced plastic tank, and the water source was a local reservoir (natural water, no feed). Running water 24 hours a day, aerating 24 hours a day, changing water 1/2 every week. Respectively in the morning of 9: feeding at 00 and 16:00 in the afternoon, wherein the daily feeding amount is 2-4% of the fish body mass. The feeding amount is adjusted in time every week according to the weight of the fish body and the ingestion condition. The test period was 52 days.
TABLE 1 basic diet composition
Detection indexes are as follows: (1) the production performance is as follows: the feeding amount, death mantissa and dead fish weight are recorded every day, the initial total weight and the total weight after the test are repeated are weighed, and the death rate, the weight gain rate and the bait coefficient are calculated. At the end of the test, the body length and body weight of 5 fish were randomly measured for each repetition and used to calculate the rate of gain, specific growth rate and fullness. (2) Liver function index is that after the test is finished, each group of test fishes are respectively weighed to be total weight, the liver (liver and pancreas) of each 4 fishes is taken out to be weighed, sheared and mixed evenly, cold normal saline (4 ℃) is added for homogenate, then centrifugation (3500 r/min at 4 ℃) is carried out for 15min, and the supernatant is taken to prepare crude enzyme liquid. And (3) placing the crude enzyme extract in an ultra-low temperature refrigerator with the temperature of-80 ℃ for refrigeration and preservation for later use, and using the crude enzyme extract for determining GOT and GPT indexes of the liver. GOT and GPT were measured with a fully automated biochemical analyzer. (3) The content of crude fat of liver function is determined by weighing the total weight of each group of test fish respectively after the test is finished, taking 4 fish out of each barrel, taking out liver (liver and pancreas), weighing, shearing, uniformly mixing, refrigerating and storing in an ultra-low temperature refrigerator at-80 ℃ for later use, and determining the crude fat. The crude fat content was determined by Soxhlet extraction (GB/T5009.6-2003). (4) And (3) blood index measurement: repeatedly collecting blood of 5 fish, centrifuging, separating serum, storing at-80 deg.C, and measuring TOC and SOD enzyme activity of serum with full-automatic biochemical analyzer. (5) Randomly selecting 20 grass carps per repetition, dissecting to see whether liver (pancreas) has obvious abnormality and fatty degeneration, and performing statistical analysis.
TABLE 2 influence of different treatments on the productivity, survival rate and shape of grass carp
TABLE 3 Effect of different treatments on Biochemical index and crude fat of grass carp liver
TABLE 4 Effect of different treatments on blood index of serum fraction of grass carp
TABLE 5 Effect of different treatments on the liver phenotype of grass carp
From the above table 2, it can be seen that the use of the organic trace element composite package of example 1, example 2 and example 3 in grass carp feed instead of part of inorganic trace elements has the efficacy of increasing the daily weight gain, feed conversion rate and reducing the death rate of grass carp (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, the function of adjusting the body shape of the grass carp is also achieved.
As can be seen from Table 3, the activities of GOT and GPT enzymes of the liver of the control group added with pure inorganic trace elements are significantly lower than those of other treatment groups, and in contrast, the content of liver fat is significantly higher than that of other treatment groups. The higher the degree of liver damage, the higher the serum GOT and GPT enzyme activities, and the lower the liver GOT and GPT enzyme activities.
Meanwhile, the serum antioxidant index in table 4 shows that the TOC enzyme activity of the control group is also significantly lower than that of other treatment groups (P < 0.05). Different treatment groups have certain differences in the aspects of improving the production performance, the liver health level, the antioxidant capacity and the like of the grass carp, wherein the effect of adding the compound of the embodiment 1 is optimal.
As can be seen from table 5, the addition of the organic trace element complex package of example 1, example 2 and example 3 can significantly improve the phenotype (P <0.05), i.e. the healthy level, of the liver of the grass carp at the population level.
Application example 2:
the organic trace element compound bag prepared in examples 1 and 4 was added to crucian feed.
The experiment adopts a single-factor random grouping design, healthy and uniform-weight crucian 855 tails (about 84.7 g) are selected, and the crucian 855 tails are uniformly divided into 3 treatments according to the weight, wherein each treatment is repeated for 3 times, and each repetition is 95 tails. Wherein, the control group adds pure inorganic trace elements into the basic daily ration, the test 1 group and the test 2 group respectively add 1.0kg of the organic trace element compound package of the embodiment 1 and 1.0kg of the embodiment 4 into the basic daily ration, and simultaneously, the part with insufficient content compared with the corresponding inorganic trace elements of the control group is filled up by equivalent inorganic trace elements according to the corresponding element content multiplied by the coefficient of 1.5. The basal diet was designed with reference to a commercial formula, as shown in table 6 below. The test is carried out in a cement pond, the test is carried out 3 times a day, the test is carried out once in the morning, noon and afternoon, the feeding amount accounts for 3-3.5% of the weight, the feeding amount is adjusted according to the ingestion condition of the last meal and the weather condition, and the oxygen is increased once in the morning and afternoon every day for 2 hours. The rest of the feeding management is carried out according to a normal program.
TABLE 6 basic diet formula
| Composition of raw materials | Proportion of addition/%) |
| Barley (skin) | 8 |
| Flour | 7.95 |
| Rice bran | 12.7 |
| Bean pulp (43%) | 20.5 |
| Cottonseed meal (42%) | 15 |
| Rapeseed dregs | 28.5 |
| Lard oil | 1.6 |
| Soybean lecithin powder | 1 |
| Mildew preventive (liquid) | 0.05 |
| Choline chloride | 0.2 |
| Multi-mineral-free premix | 4.5 |
| Total up to | 100 |
| CP | 28.25 |
Detection indexes are as follows: the feeding amount, death mantissa and dead fish weight are recorded every day, the initial total weight and the total weight after the test are repeated are weighed, and the death rate, the weight gain rate and the bait coefficient are calculated.
TABLE 7 influence of different treatments on the Productivity and survival rate of Carassius auratus
| Group of | Weight gain (%) | Coefficient of bait | Survival rate (%) |
| Control group | 53.66a | 2.33c | 94.39a |
| Test 1 group | 60.74c | 2.14a | 99.65c |
| Test 2 groups | 57.62b | 2.21b | 97.19b |
As can be seen from table 7 above, the addition of low dosage of organic trace elements to the crucian feed in examples 1 and 4 significantly increases the daily gain, feed conversion rate and survival rate of crucian, which are 13.2%, 8.2%, 5.6%, 7.4%, 5.2%, and 3.0% higher than those of the control group, respectively, and have significant difference (P < 0.05). The growth performance of the crucian in the test 1 group is obviously better than that of the crucian in the test 2 group (P is less than 0.05). As can be seen from the field dissection of fig. 1, the fish body surface of the control group is white, the abdomen is congested, the internal organs are dissected, and the symptoms of the moderate hepatobiliary syndrome, namely the liver is enlarged and the color is whitish; the fish bodies of the test 1 group and the test 2 group have normal surface color, no congestion in the abdomen, no internal organs dissected, no swelling in the liver, normal color and bright red color, but the body color and the liver of the test 1 group and the test 2 group have no obvious difference. Therefore, the organic trace element compound package of the embodiment 1 and the embodiment 4 is added into the crucian feed to replace part of high-dosage inorganic trace elements, so that the liver disease of crucian can be prevented, the death rate is reduced, and the production performance of crucian is improved, namely the weight gain rate is increased and the feed coefficient is reduced.
Application example 3:
the organic trace element complex package prepared in example 1 was added to grouper feed.
Selecting healthy spotted groupers with uniform specification and average initial weight of about 23.51g, and counting 640 fish. It was evenly divided into 4 treatments by weight, 4 replicates each, 40 replicates each. Wherein, the control group adds pure inorganic trace elements into the basic daily ration, the treatment groups 1, 2 and 3 are respectively added with 1.0kg, 0.7kg and 0.4kg/T organic trace element compound packages in the embodiment 1, and simultaneously, the content of the corresponding elements is multiplied by a coefficient of 1.5, and the parts with insufficient content compared with the corresponding inorganic trace elements of the control group are filled by equivalent inorganic trace elements. The basic daily ration is shown in the following table 8, the Peruvian fish meal, the soybean meal, the yeast, the wheat flour, the dried small shrimps and other raw materials used in the basic daily ration are all ground and sieved by a 60-mesh sieve, the trace elements are added by adopting a step-by-step expansion method and are uniformly mixed into the basic feed, the granulated feed with the particle size of 2mm is prepared by a granulator, and the granulated feed is placed in a freezer at the temperature of minus 20 ℃ for storage and standby after being dried in the shade. The cultivation test is carried out in an aquarium (85cm × 60cm × 45cm), the cultivation water is treated cultivation workshop circulating seawater, and the water flow speed is 5L/min. The test fish is domesticated in a culture system for 2 weeks, and the same basic ration is fed in the domestication stage. After the test is started, the fish are fed three times a day (07:30, 12:30, 17:30) in the morning, at noon and at night, and the daily feeding amount accounts for about 1.5 percent of the weight of the fish. Collecting the residual baits in the collecting box 30min after the baits are thrown, drying and weighing to calculate the food intake. During the culture period, the food intake and activity of the test fish are observed every day, and the daily food intake and the number of dead fish are recorded. The test period was 14 weeks, and the diet was stopped for 1 day before sampling.
TABLE 8 basic diet formula
Detection indexes are as follows: (1) the production performance is that the feeding amount, the death mantissa and the dead fish weight are recorded every day, the initial total weight and the total weight after the test are repeated are weighed, and the death rate, the weight gain rate and the bait coefficient are calculated. (2) Measurement of liver function index: mixing the 4 fish liver tissues randomly collected in each repeating group, weighing, adding 9 times of normal saline, uniformly grinding the tissues, centrifuging the homogenate at low temperature (4 ℃, 3000r/min, 15min), taking supernatant to obtain 10% tissue homogenate, storing at 4 ℃, and determining and analyzing within 24 hours. The activity of the liver T-SOD enzyme is measured by xanthine oxidase method with test box produced by Nanjing institute of bioengineering. The activity of the liver T-AOC enzyme is measured by adopting a visible light method and using a test box produced by Nanjing institute of bioengineering. The activity of liver Lysozyme (LZM) is determined by a turbidimetric method by using a test box produced by Nanjing institute of bioengineering. (3) And (3) blood index measurement: repeatedly collecting blood of 5 fish, centrifuging, separating serum, storing at-80 deg.C, and measuring TOC and SOD enzyme activity of serum with kit produced by Nanjing institute of bioengineering.
TABLE 9 influence of different treatments on the productivity and survival rate of grouper
As can be seen from Table 9, the weight gain and feed conversion rate of the groupers in example 1 increased gradually, wherein the weight gain, feed conversion rate and survival rate of the groupers in treatment group 1, which had 1kg of the organic trace element complex package in example 1 added thereto, were the highest and were respectively 20.4% (P <0.05), 13.6% (P <0.05) and 3.1% (P >0.05) higher than those in the control group.
TABLE 10 Effect of different treatments on Biochemical indicators of liver parts of Epinephelus
TABLE 11 Effect of different treatments on serum fraction blood indices of Epinephelus
Glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT) are widely present in the bodies of aquatic animals and reflect an important index for judging whether liver and pancreas of the aquatic animals are normal or not. If the liver is slightly damaged, the permeability of cell membranes is increased, and GPT in cytoplasm is released into blood. Therefore, GOT and GPT levels in blood are important reference indicators reflecting the degree of liver damage. The AOC and the SOD play an important role in balancing oxidation and antioxidation of aquatic animal organisms, can protect oxidative damage of cell and tissue levels, and improve the stress resistance and health level of animals. LZM is the material basis for killing phagocytes, and the activity is an important index for measuring the quality of specific immunity of an animal body. As can be seen from tables 10 and 11, the liver integrity and antioxidant function and defense against pathogen invasion function of the groupers of each treatment group added with example 1 are significantly improved compared with those of the control group.
Claims (10)
1. The organic trace element compound package for the fishes is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight: 50-200 parts of hydroxyl methionine iron, 50-300 parts of arginine biotin iron, 50-300 parts of threonine zinc, 50-200 parts of arginine biotin zinc, 50-200 parts of hydroxyl methionine zinc, 10-50 parts of hydroxyl methionine copper, 10-50 parts of hydroxyl methionine manganese, 50-300 parts of tryptophan manganese, 5-50 parts of yeast selenium and 50-300 parts of a carrier.
2. The organic trace element composite package according to claim 1, comprising the following components in parts by weight: 70 parts of hydroxyl methionine iron, 300 parts of arginine biotin iron, 170 parts of threonine zinc, 100 parts of arginine biotin zinc, 50 parts of hydroxyl methionine zinc, 30 parts of hydroxyl methionine copper, 30 parts of hydroxyl methionine manganese, 120 parts of tryptophan manganese, 50 parts of yeast selenium and 80 parts of carrier.
3. The organic trace element composite package according to claim 1, comprising the following components in parts by weight: 100 parts of hydroxyl methionine iron, 250 parts of arginine biotin iron, 100 parts of threonine zinc, 170 parts of arginine biotin zinc, 50 parts of hydroxyl methionine zinc, 20 parts of hydroxyl methionine copper, 50 parts of hydroxyl methionine manganese, 100 parts of tryptophan manganese, 50 parts of yeast selenium and 110 parts of carrier.
4. The organic trace element composite package according to claim 1, comprising the following components in parts by weight: 50 parts of hydroxyl methionine iron, 50 parts of arginine biotin iron, 150 parts of threonine zinc, 200 parts of arginine biotin zinc, 150 parts of hydroxyl methionine zinc, 10 parts of hydroxyl methionine copper, 50 parts of hydroxyl methionine manganese, 50 parts of tryptophan manganese, 20 parts of yeast selenium and 270 parts of a carrier.
5. The organic trace element composite package according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the carrier is modified Maifanitum, and a 60-mesh-sieve-load is 0.
6. A method for preparing the organic trace element composite package according to any one of claims 1 to 5, comprising the steps of:
(1) uniformly mixing the copper hydroxymethionine, the selenium yeast and part of the carrier to prepare a small bag 1;
(2) uniformly mixing the zinc hydroxymethionine, the zinc argininate, the zinc threonine, the manganese hydroxymethionine and the manganese tryptophan to obtain a small bag 2;
(3) uniformly mixing the hydroxyl methionine iron and the arginine biotin iron to obtain a small bag 3;
(4) and uniformly mixing the small bags 1, 2 and 3 with the rest of the carrier to obtain the organic trace element composite bag.
7. Use of the organic trace element complex package prepared by the preparation method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5 or 6, wherein the organic trace element complex package is added to a feed for fish.
8. The use as claimed in claim 7, wherein the organic trace element compound package is added in an amount of 0.5-1.0 ‰ based on total weight of the fish complete formula feed.
9. The use as claimed in claim 8, wherein the organic trace element compound package is added in an amount of 0.7-1.0 ‰ based on total weight of the fish complete formula feed.
10. The use as claimed in claim 9, wherein the organic trace element compound package is added in an amount of 1.0 ‰ based on the total weight of the fish complete formula feed.
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