CN114304157B - High-temperature-resistant grouting-promoting plant growth regulator and application thereof to crops - Google Patents
High-temperature-resistant grouting-promoting plant growth regulator and application thereof to crops Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-temperature-resistant grouting-promoting plant growth regulator and application thereof to crops. The active ingredients of the plant growth regulator are betaine and brassinolide, and the plant growth regulator can realize the high-temperature grouting promotion effect of crops, improve the grain number per ear and/or thousand grain weight of the crops and increase the yield and income of the crops by compounding the two active ingredients before the emasculation of the crops to the early stage of grouting.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of plant growth regulators, in particular to a high-temperature-resistant grouting-promoting plant growth regulator and application thereof to crops.
Background
Corn is an important grain and feed crop and industrial processing raw material in the world, and has an important supporting position in national economic development. The frequency of extreme weather occurrences increases year by year in the context of large global climate change. The occurrence frequency, the intensity and the severity of the agricultural meteorological disasters are all in an ascending state, and the high and stable yield of the corn is seriously damaged. The method has the advantages of improving the stress resistance and high yield of the corn, realizing green ecological development, becoming a very important subject of the current agricultural production, and having important significance for national economic development and grain safety.
High temperature in the flowering phase becomes one of the main meteorological disasters affecting the growth of the corn, when the corn is affected by high temperature, leaves wither, stomata close, photosynthesis is hindered, normal metabolism of cells is damaged, normal development of organs is affected, and particularly, the normal development of pollen, abnormal filament discharge, abnormal pollination and serious seed abortion seriously affect the yield and the quality of the corn. However, effective defense or relief measures for high-temperature disasters from the flowering stage to the pre-grouting stage of the corn are still lacking in the current production, and the safe production of the corn is seriously threatened.
The plant growth regulator is an economic, environment-friendly, labor-saving and efficient agricultural technology, but the growth regulator of the corn on the market at present mainly takes ethephon as a leading product, mainly regulates and controls plant types aiming at the lodging problem, does not have the regulation and control functions of improving the high-temperature resistance of the corn and promoting grain filling, and often has the side effects of inhibiting the development of fruit clusters, reducing the grain number of the clusters and the like when being improperly used. Therefore, researchers are urgently needed to research and develop efficient environment-friendly regulator products with high-temperature-resistant grouting promotion effects, the high-temperature-resistant capacity of the corn is improved, the grain weight is increased, the yield is improved, and the high yield, high efficiency and green ecological development of the corn are guaranteed.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is how to make plants (crops) resistant to high temperature and/or promote grouting (yield increase).
In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a plant growth regulator.
The active ingredients of the plant growth regulator provided by the invention are betaine and brassinolide.
In the above plant growth regulator, the ratio (molar ratio) of the amounts of betaine and brassinolide is 2.5 × 10 5 -2×10 7 :1。
In the plant growth regulator, the ratio (molar ratio) of the amounts of betaine and brassinolide is 5 × 10 6 -2×10 7 1 or 1X 10 6 -4×10 6 1 or 5X 10 5 -2×10 6 1 or 2.5X 10 5 -1×10 6 :1。
In the above plant growth regulator, the ratio (molar ratio) of the amounts of betaine and brassinolide is 5X 10 6 :1(corresponding to G1B 1), 1X 10 7 1 (corresponding to G2B 1) and 2X 10 7 1 (corresponding to G3B 1) and 1X 10 6 1 (corresponding to G1B2 or G2B3 or G3B 4), 2X 10 6 1 (corresponding to G2B2 or G3B 3), 4X 10 6 :1(G3B2)、5×10 5 1 (corresponding to G1B3 or G2B 4), 2.5X 10 5 1 (corresponding to G1B 4).
The plant growth regulator contains a synergist which comprises potassium dihydrogen phosphate, fulvic acid, 6-benzylamino adenine, methyl jasmonate, chitosan oligosaccharide, a cosolvent and a viscosity-spreading agent.
The cosolvent can be one or more of methanol, ethanol and dimethyl sulfoxide; the above viscosity-spreading agent can be one or more of Tween20 (Tween 20), tween60 (Tween 60) and Triton-100 (Triton-100).
The synergist of the plant growth regulator as described above may further comprise other components, which can be determined by one skilled in the art according to the effect on plant growth regulation; the cosolvent of the plant growth regulator can also contain other components, and the other components can be determined by a person skilled in the art according to the effect on plant growth regulation; the plant growth regulator binder may further comprise other components, which can be determined by one skilled in the art according to the effect on plant growth regulation.
The plant growth regulator has the following functions in whole or in part:
p1, improving the yield of the plant;
p2, capability of accelerating plant grouting;
p3, promoting growth and/or improving the stress resistance of the plants;
p4, improving the pollen activity;
p5, improving net photosynthetic rate of leaves, improving activities of antioxidase and key enzyme in the photosynthetic process and/or reducing relative conductivity of the leaves;
p6, improving the photosynthetic capacity of the plant, improving the antioxidant capacity of the plant and/or enhancing the stability of cell membranes;
p7, increasing the grain number of the plant ears and/or the thousand grain weight;
p8, promoting plant grain filling and/or improving the high temperature resistance of the plant;
p9, improving the activity of enzymes related to the carbon metabolism process;
p10, improving the material accumulation of the seeds;
p11, increasing the time for maximum grouting rate and/or increasing the effective grouting duration.
In the plant growth regulator, the plant is any one of the following plants:
1) A dicot;
2) (ii) a monocotyledonous plant which is,
3) A plant of the order of the gramineae,
4) A plant belonging to the family of the Gramineae,
5) A plant of the genus Zea, which plant is selected from the group consisting of Zea mays,
6) Corn.
The following plant growth regulators are also included in the scope of the present invention, including all or part of Q1-Q11:
q1, application of the plant growth regulator in improving plant yield;
q2, application of the plant growth regulator in accelerating plant grouting;
q3 and the application of the plant growth regulator in promoting plant growth and/or improving plant stress resistance;
q4, application of the plant growth regulator in improving plant pollen activity;
q5, the plant growth regulator can improve the net photosynthetic rate of plant leaves, improve the activities of antioxidant enzyme and key enzyme in the photosynthetic process and/or reduce the relative conductivity of the leaves;
q6, the application of the plant growth regulator in improving the plant photosynthetic capacity, improving the plant antioxidant capacity and/or enhancing the stability of cell membranes;
q7, and the application of the plant growth regulator in improving the grain number per ear and/or the thousand grain weight of the plant;
q8, the application of the plant growth regulator in promoting plant grain filling and/or improving the high temperature resistance of the plant;
q9 and application of the plant growth regulator in improving the activity of enzymes related to the carbon metabolic process of plants.
Q10, the application of the plant growth regulator in improving the substance accumulation of plant grains;
q11, the use of a plant growth regulator as described above for increasing the time to maximum filling rate of a plant and/or for increasing the effective filling duration.
The plant growth regulator described above may be formulated into any formulation acceptable for agricultural production. Such as liquid, emulsion, suspending agent, powder, granule, wettable powder or water dispersible granule, etc. The plant growth regulator may be liquid, wherein the quantitative concentration of the substance of the active ingredient betaine may be 50-200mM, the quantitative concentration of the substance of brassinolide may be 0.01-0.2 μ M, specifically 50mM +0.01 μ M or 50mM +0.05 μ M or 50mM +0.1 μ M or 50mM +0.2 μ M or 100mM +0.01 μ M or 100mM +0.05 μ M or 100mM +0.1 μ M or 100mM +0.2 μ M or 200mM +0.05 μ M or 200mM +0.01 μ M or 200mM +0.05 μ M or 200mM +0.1 μ M or 200mM +0.2 μ M; the concentration of the potassium dihydrogen phosphate in the synergist can be 0.1-0.5mg/L, the concentration of the fulvic acid can be 100-500mg/L, the concentration of the 6-benzylamino adenine can be 1-10mg/L, and the concentration of the methyl jasmonate can be 100-300mg/L; the concentration of the cosolvent can be 100-200ml/L; the concentration of the viscosity-spreading agent can be 1-5ml/L.
The invention also provides a using method of the plant growth regulator, which comprises the steps of preparing the plant growth regulator into a solution and spraying the solution in the plant growth period. The spraying mode can be for the manual foliage application and ear of grain portion spraying, also can utilize unmanned aerial vehicle to carry out the spraying. The spraying period can be from before the castration of the plant to the middle and early stage of the grouting.
In the above method, the plant growth regulator is preferably subjected to a treatment once from the stamina stage to the initial stage of filling when sprayed, and more preferably subjected to a treatment once from the stamina stage to before spinning.
When the plant growth regulator is sprayed, 30L of liquid medicine is used per mu, preferably water is used as a diluent, the liquid medicine can be uniformly sprayed on the surfaces of leaves by manual spraying, and tassels and female ears are sprayed in a key mode, and re-spraying and missing spraying cannot be performed.
Experiments prove that the plant is not sprayedCompared with the contrast of the growth regulator, the yield of the corn is increased linearly with the concentration by spraying the betaine alone, and the yield is increased by 2.5 to 7.4 percent; the obvious concentration effect is shown by singly spraying the brassinolide, the overall yield of the corn is increased by 3.4-5.9%, and the yield increasing effect is weakened under high concentration; the two plant growth regulators are used together according to different proportions, the corn yield increase range is larger than that of the corn used alone, and the corn yield increase is 4.2-9.7%. Wherein the B3G3 treatment (the ratio of the amounts of betaine and brassinolide is 2X 10) 6 1) the maximum combination, the amplification is 9.7%. Therefore, the two components have obvious synergistic effect when used together.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
aiming at the problems of reducing pollen activity and inhibiting grain development at high temperature in corn production, the invention develops an environment-friendly, economic and efficient high-temperature resistant grouting-promoting plant growth regulator aiming at the defect that the existing regulator cannot simultaneously realize high temperature resistance and grouting promotion, the high-temperature resistant grouting-promoting plant growth regulator mainly contains betaine and brassinolide, and complementary synergistic interaction is carried out by utilizing the high-temperature resistance of the betaine and the regulation and control of the brassinolide for promoting cell growth, so that the product has the effects of improving pollen activity, enhancing blade photosynthesis, promoting grain development and substance accumulation, and finally improving the corn yield. Meanwhile, the product is safe and environment-friendly, has little field residue, has little influence on afterreap crops, is easy to obtain main active ingredients, has low cost, obvious effect and easy operation, popularization and application, and has positive promotion effect on promoting the high quality and high yield of the corn.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows the effect of betaine and brassinolide spray on corn yield and yield-contributing factors. Data are shown as mean ± standard deviation, with different letters in the same column indicating significant differences between treatments (Fishers' LSD, P < 0.05).
FIG. 2 shows the effect of spraying betaine and brassinolide on maize pollen viability under high temperature stress. Data are shown as mean ± sd, with different letters in the same column indicating significant differences between treatments (Fishers' LSD, P < 0.05).
FIG. 3 shows the effect of betaine and brassinolide spraying on leaf photosynthesis and antioxidant capacity. Data are shown as mean ± sd, with different letters in the same column indicating significant differences between treatments (Fishers' LSD, P < 0.05).
Fig. 4 shows the effect of betaine and brassinolide spraying on the activity of the enzyme associated with grain substance accumulation and carbon metabolism. Data are shown as mean ± sd, with different letters in the same column indicating significant differences between treatments (Fishers' LSD, P < 0.05).
Fig. 5 shows the effect of betaine and brassinolide spray on grain filling characteristics. Data are shown as mean ± standard deviation, with different letters in the same column indicating significant differences between treatments (Fishers' LSD, P < 0.05).
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in further detail below with reference to specific embodiments, which are given for the purpose of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. The examples provided below serve as a guide for further modifications by a person skilled in the art and do not constitute a limitation of the invention in any way.
The experimental procedures in the following examples, unless otherwise indicated, are conventional and are carried out according to the techniques or conditions described in the literature in the field or according to the instructions of the products. Materials, reagents and the like used in the following examples are commercially available unless otherwise specified.
The betaine (Sigma-Aldrich, CAS: 107-43-7), the brassinolide (Sigma-Aldrich, CAS: 72962-43-7) and the synergist are all obtained from the market.
Example 1 Effect of betaine and brassinolide combinations on corn yield and yield constitution
In this example, betaine and brassinolide were selected, and arranged in a combination of three concentrations of betaine 50, 100, and 200mM and brassinolide 0.01, 0.05, 0.1, and 0.2. Mu.M, and 1 clear water control was set.
The test was carried out under field natural conditions. The specific method comprises the following steps:
1. preparation of plant growth regulator solution
1.1 dissolving betaine in water to obtain 50mM betaine solution (G1 solution), 100mM betaine solution (G2 solution), and 200mM betaine solution (G3 solution), respectively.
1.2 dissolving brassinolide in methanol gave a 0.01. Mu.M solution of brassinolide (solution B1), a 0.05. Mu.M solution of brassinolide (solution B2), a 0.1. Mu.M solution of brassinolide (solution B3) and a 0.2. Mu.M solution of brassinolide (solution B4), respectively.
1.3 preparation of betaine and brassinolide composition
1.3.1 G1B1 solution:
1) Dissolving brassinolide in methanol to obtain brassinolide solution;
2) Dissolving betaine in water to obtain betaine solution;
3) Uniformly mixing the solutions in the steps 1) to 2), and adding water to a constant volume to obtain a G1B1 solution. The content of brassinolide in the G1B1 solution was 0.01. Mu.M, and the content of betaine was 50mM.
1.3.2 G1B2 solution:
1) Dissolving brassinolide in methanol to obtain brassinolide solution;
2) Dissolving betaine in water to obtain a betaine solution;
3) Uniformly mixing the solutions in the steps 1) -2), and adding water to a constant volume to obtain a G1B2 solution. The G1B2 solution contained 0.05. Mu.M brassinolide and 50mM betaine.
1.3.3 G1B3 solution:
1) Dissolving brassinolide in methanol to obtain brassinolide solution;
2) Dissolving betaine in water to obtain betaine solution;
3) Uniformly mixing the solutions in the steps 1) -2), and adding water to a constant volume to obtain a G1B3 solution. The G1B3 solution contained 0.1. Mu.M brassinolide and 50mM betaine.
1.3.4 G1B4 solution:
1) Dissolving brassinolide in methanol to obtain brassinolide solution;
2) Dissolving betaine in water to obtain betaine solution;
3) Uniformly mixing the solutions in the steps 1) -2), and adding water to a constant volume to obtain a G1B4 solution. The content of brassinolide in the G1B4 solution was 0.2. Mu.M, and the content of betaine was 50mM.
1.3.5 G2B1 solution:
1) Dissolving brassinolide in methanol to obtain brassinolide solution;
2) Dissolving betaine in water to obtain betaine solution;
3) Uniformly mixing the solutions in the steps 1) to 2), and adding water to a constant volume to obtain a G2B1 solution. The content of brassinolide in the G2B1 solution was 0.01. Mu.M, and the content of betaine was 100mM.
1.3.6 G2B2 solution:
1) Dissolving brassinolide in methanol to obtain brassinolide solution;
2) Dissolving betaine in water to obtain betaine solution;
3) Uniformly mixing the solutions in the steps 1) to 2), and adding water to a constant volume to obtain a G2B2 solution. The content of brassinolide in the G2B2 solution was 0.05. Mu.M, and the content of betaine was 100mM.
1.3.7 G2B3 solution:
1) Dissolving brassinolide in methanol to obtain brassinolide solution;
2) Dissolving betaine in water to obtain a betaine solution;
3) Uniformly mixing the solutions in the steps 1) to 2), and adding water to a constant volume to obtain a G2B3 solution. The content of brassinolide in the G2B3 solution was 0.1. Mu.M, and the content of betaine was 100mM.
1.3.8 G2B4 solution:
1) Dissolving brassinolide in methanol to obtain brassinolide solution;
2) Dissolving betaine in water to obtain a betaine solution;
3) Uniformly mixing the solutions in the steps 1) to 2), and adding water to a constant volume to obtain a G2B4 solution. The content of brassinolide in the G2B4 solution was 0.2. Mu.M, and the content of betaine was 100mM.
1.3.9 G3B1 solution:
1) Dissolving brassinolide in methanol to obtain brassinolide solution;
2) Dissolving betaine in water to obtain betaine solution;
3) Uniformly mixing the solutions in the steps 1) -2), and adding water to a constant volume to obtain a working solution volume to obtain a G3B1 solution. The G3B1 solution contained 0.01. Mu.M brassinolide and 200mM betaine.
1.3.10 G3B2 solution:
1) Dissolving brassinolide in methanol to obtain brassinolide solution;
2) Dissolving betaine in water to obtain betaine solution;
3) Uniformly mixing the solutions in the steps 1) -2), and adding water to a constant volume to obtain a working solution volume to obtain a G3B2 solution. The content of brassinolide in the G3B2 solution was 0.05. Mu.M, and the content of betaine was 200mM.
1.3.11 G3B3 solution:
1) Dissolving brassinolide in methanol to obtain brassinolide solution;
2) Dissolving betaine in water to obtain a betaine solution;
3) Uniformly mixing the solutions in the steps 1) to 2), and adding water to a constant volume to obtain a G3B3 solution. In the G3B3 solution, the brassinolide content was 0.1. Mu.M and the betaine content was 200mM.
1.3.12 G3B4 solution:
1) Dissolving brassinolide in methanol to obtain brassinolide solution;
2) Dissolving betaine in water to obtain betaine solution;
3) Uniformly mixing the solutions in the steps 1) to 2), and adding water to a constant volume to obtain a G3B4 solution. The content of brassinolide in the G3B4 solution was 0.2. Mu.M, and the content of betaine was 200mM.
2. Design of field experiment
The quantitative experiments in the following examples were performed in triplicate.
Summer of 2018The field experiment is carried out in Wuqiao Hebei China in season and with Zhengdan 958 as the tested variety. The maximum temperature of the year continuously exceeds 32 ℃ from 17 days in 7 months to 13 days in 8 months, wherein the maximum temperature of the year exceeds 35 ℃ from 1 day in 8 months to 7 days in 8 months, and the summer corn is in the period from emasculation to silking, which is the key period of corn flowering and pollination. The test adopts a random block design, three repeated areas are arranged, 20 cells (treatment) are randomly arranged in each repeated area, and the spraying treatment of the leaf surfaces and the tassels in the tasseling period is carried out. The 20 cells are the control treatment zone (CK), G1 treatment zone, G2 treatment zone, G3 treatment zone, B1 treatment zone, B2 treatment zone, B3 treatment zone, B4 treatment zone, G1B1 treatment zone, G1B2 treatment zone, G1B3 treatment zone, G1B4 treatment zone, G2B1 treatment zone, G2B2 treatment zone, G2B3 treatment zone, G2B4 treatment zone, G3B1 treatment zone, G3B2 treatment zone, G3B3 treatment zone, G3B4 treatment zone (FIG. 1), respectively. The area of each cell is 24m 2 . The row spacing of corn in each cell is 60cm, and the density is 5500 plants/mu.
The corn is normally irrigated and harvested in a mature period, and yield forming factors such as yield, mu spike number, spike grain number, thousand grain weight and the like are measured and investigated. All data were analyzed by ANOVA statistics using SAS 9.2, and significant differences were achieved with p <0.05 for multiple comparisons using Fishers' LSD.
As shown in figure 1, the experimental result shows that when the betaine is singly sprayed under the condition of meeting a high-temperature disaster in the flowering phase in the field, compared with the contrast, the yield is linearly increased along with the concentration and is increased by 2.5-7.4%, the brassinolide is singly sprayed, the obvious concentration effect is shown, the overall yield is increased by 3.4-5.9%, and the yield increasing effect is weakened under the high concentration. The production increase amplitude is larger than that of the single use by compounding according to different proportions, and the production is increased by 4.2-9.7%. Wherein the combination of B3 and G3 treatment is the largest, and the amplification is 9.7%. Therefore, the two components are matched for use, so that the remarkable synergistic effect is achieved, and in consideration of the cost, the compound of B3 and G2 can also achieve an ideal effect.
Example 2 Effect of betaine and brassinolide spray on corn pollen Activity
In this example, betaine and brassinolide were selected, and arranged in a permutation and combination manner at three concentrations of betaine 50, 100, and 200mM and brassinolide 0.01, 0.05, 0.1, and 0.2 μ M, respectively, and 1 clear water control was set. The test was carried out under field natural conditions. The specific method comprises the following steps:
1. the plant growth regulator solution was prepared as in example 1.
2. Design of field experiment
The quantitative experiments in the following examples were performed in triplicate.
And performing field experiments in 2018 summer in Hebei Wuqiao in China by taking Zhengdan 958 as a test variety, wherein the highest temperature of the year continuously exceeds 32 ℃ from 17 days in 7 months to 13 days in 8 months, the highest temperature of the year continuously exceeds 35 ℃ from 1 day in 8 months to 7 days in 8 months, and summer corns are in the period from castration to silking and are the key period of corn flowering and pollination. The test adopts a random block design, three repeated areas are arranged, each repeated area is randomly provided with 20 cells (treatment), and the tassel is sprayed in the tassel stage. The 20 cells are the control treatment zone (CK), G1 treatment zone, G2 treatment zone, G3 treatment zone, B1 treatment zone, B2 treatment zone, B3 treatment zone, B4 treatment zone, G1B1 treatment zone, G1B2 treatment zone, G1B3 treatment zone, G1B4 treatment zone, G2B1 treatment zone, G2B2 treatment zone, G2B3 treatment zone, G2B4 treatment zone, G3B1 treatment zone, G3B2 treatment zone, G3B3 treatment zone, G3B4 treatment zone (FIG. 1), respectively. The area of each cell is 24m 2 . The row spacing of corn in each cell is 60cm, and the density is 5500 plants/mu.
And (3) normally irrigating the corn, culturing and observing the germination rate by using a pollen germination culture medium in the flowering stage after treatment, and measuring the pollen activity by using a TTC (transfer-to-live) dyeing method to show the relieving effect of the regulator on the high-temperature damage pollen activity. All data were analyzed by ANOVA statistics using SAS 9.2, and Fishers' LSD method was used for multiple comparisons, with p <0.05 indicating significant differences
As shown in fig. 2, the experimental results show that, compared with the control, the single spraying of betaine and brassinolide can significantly improve the pollen activity of corn under the field conditions, and the pollen activity results detected by the two methods are similar. Wherein the positive effect of the brassinolide shows a significant concentration effect and the positive effect of a high concentration of B4 is reduced. The components are compounded according to different proportions, and the effect of increasing the pollen activity is greater than that of singly using the components. The combined treatment effect of the B2 and B3 concentrations and the G3 concentration is the best. Therefore, the two components have obvious synergistic effect when used together, and have obvious effects of improving the pollen activity and reducing high-temperature hazards under field conditions.
Example 3 Effect of betaine and brassinolide spray on the photo-and antioxidant physiology of maize leaves
In this example, betaine and brassinolide were selected, and arranged in a permutation and combination manner at three concentrations of betaine 50, 100, and 200mM and brassinolide 0.01, 0.05, 0.1, and 0.2 μ M, respectively, and 1 clear water control was set. The test was carried out under field natural conditions. The specific method comprises the following steps:
1. the plant growth regulator solution was prepared as in example 1.
2. Design of field experiment
The quantitative experiments in the following examples were all set up in triplicate.
In 2018, in Hebei Wuqiao in China, zhengdan 958 is taken as a test variety to carry out field experiments, the highest temperature of the year continuously exceeds 32 ℃ from 7-month and 17-day to 8-month and 13-day, wherein the highest temperature of the year continuously exceeds 35 ℃ from 8-month and 1-day to 8-month and 7-day, and the summer corn is in the period from tasseling to spinning and is a key period of corn blossoming and pollination. The test adopts a random block design, three repeated areas are arranged, 20 cells (treatment) are randomly arranged in each repeated area, and the spraying treatment is carried out on the leaves at the ear position in the tasseling period. The 20 cells are the control treatment zone (CK), G1 treatment zone, G2 treatment zone, G3 treatment zone, B1 treatment zone, B2 treatment zone, B3 treatment zone, B4 treatment zone, G1B1 treatment zone, G1B2 treatment zone, G1B3 treatment zone, G1B4 treatment zone, G2B1 treatment zone, G2B2 treatment zone, G2B3 treatment zone, G2B4 treatment zone, G3B1 treatment zone, G3B2 treatment zone, G3B3 treatment zone, G3B4 treatment zone (FIG. 1), respectively. The area of each cell is 24m 2 . The row spacing of corn in each cell is 60cm, and the density is 5500 plants/mu.
Normal irrigation of corn, and determination of net photosynthetic rate of leaf at the ear position, activity of photosynthetic related enzymes PEPCase, ruBPCase, relative conductivity, activity of antioxidase SOD and POD, etc. in the spinning stage to reflect the high temperature resistance of plant. All data were analyzed by ANOVA statistics using SAS 9.2, and significant differences were achieved with p <0.05 for multiple comparisons using Fishers' LSD.
As shown in figure 3, the experimental result shows that compared with the control, the single spraying of betaine and brassinolide can obviously improve the net photosynthetic rate of the maize ear position leaves and obviously improve the activities of key enzymes PEPCase and RuBPCase in the photosynthetic process. Meanwhile, the activities of antioxidant enzyme SOD and POD of the corn ear position leaves can be improved by spraying betaine and brassinolide, and the relative conductivity is reduced. The results show that the spraying of betaine and brassinolide can improve the oxidation resistance of the ear position leaves, improve the stability of cell membranes and improve the stress resistance of corns, and simultaneously, by improving the photosynthetic capacity of the leaves, the accumulation of substances is promoted, the growth is promoted and the vitality of the 'source' organ during grouting is ensured. The betaine and the brassinolide are compounded according to different proportions, the effect of increasing the photosynthetic capacity and the antioxidant capacity of the ear position leaves is greater than that of the single use of the two components, so that the two components have obvious synergistic effect when used in a matched manner, the obvious effects of improving the activity of the ear position leaves and reducing high-temperature hazards under field conditions are achieved, and grain grouting is guaranteed.
Example 4 influence of betaine and brassinolide spraying on physiological indexes related to carbon metabolism in middle stage of corn grain filling
In this example, betaine and brassinolide were selected, and arranged in a combination of three concentrations of betaine 50, 100, and 200mM and brassinolide 0.01, 0.05, 0.1, and 0.2. Mu.M, and 1 clear water control was set. The test was carried out under field natural conditions. The specific method comprises the following steps:
1. the plant growth regulator solution was prepared as in example 1.
2. Design of field experiment
The quantitative experiments in the following examples were all set up in triplicate.
Performing field experiment in 2018 summer with Zhengdan 958 as tested variety in Hebei Wuqiao of China, the highest temperature of the year is continuously over 32 deg.C from 7 month and 17 days to 8 month and 13 days,the maximum temperature of the corn in 8 months and 1 day to 8 months and 7 days exceeds 35 ℃, and the summer corn is in the period from the stamen pumping to the silking period and is the key period of the corn flowering and pollination. The test adopts a random block design, three repeated areas are arranged, each repeated area is randomly provided with 20 cells (treatment), and the female ears are sprayed during the tasseling period. The 20 cells are the control treatment zone (CK), G1 treatment zone, G2 treatment zone, G3 treatment zone, B1 treatment zone, B2 treatment zone, B3 treatment zone, B4 treatment zone, G1B1 treatment zone, G1B2 treatment zone, G1B3 treatment zone, G1B4 treatment zone, G2B1 treatment zone, G2B2 treatment zone, G2B3 treatment zone, G2B4 treatment zone, G3B1 treatment zone, G3B2 treatment zone, G3B3 treatment zone, G3B4 treatment zone (FIG. 1), respectively. The area of each cell is 24m 2 . The row spacing of corn in each cell is 60cm, and the density is 5500 plants/mu.
And (3) normally irrigating the corn, and measuring the contents of sucrose and starch in the kernel in the middle of the female ear, the activities of sucrose synthase, sucrose phosphate synthase and starch synthase and other physiological indexes reflecting the grain filling capacity of the corn at the middle stage of filling. All data were analyzed by ANOVA statistics using SAS 9.2, and significant differences were achieved with p <0.05 for multiple comparisons using Fishers' LSD.
As shown in fig. 4, the experimental results show that, compared with the control, the single spraying of betaine and brassinolide can significantly improve the sucrose and starch contents of corn kernels, and improve the activity of enzymes related to the synthesis of kernel carbohydrates such as sucrose synthase, sucrose phosphate synthase and starch synthase. The brassinolide shows an obvious dual reaction rule, and the increasing effect of the high-concentration brassinolide (B4) on the contents of grain sucrose and starch and the activities of the sucrose synthase, the sucrose phosphate synthase and the starch synthase is lower than that of the B3 concentration. The effects of increasing the contents of the grain sucrose and starch and increasing the activities of sucrose synthase, sucrose phosphate synthase and starch synthase are better than those of single use by compounding betaine and brassinolide according to different proportions. Therefore, the two components have obvious synergistic effect when being matched, and the material accumulation of the corn grains in the filling stage under the condition of high temperature naturally encountered in the field is promoted.
Example 5 Effect of betaine and brassinolide spray on corn grain filling characteristics
In this example, betaine and brassinolide were selected, and arranged in a combination of three concentrations of betaine 50, 100, and 200mM and brassinolide 0.01, 0.05, 0.1, and 0.2. Mu.M, and 1 clear water control was set. The test was carried out under field natural conditions. The specific method comprises the following steps:
1. the plant growth regulator solution was prepared as in example 1.
2. Design of field experiment
The quantitative experiments in the following examples were all set up in triplicate.
And performing field experiments in 2018 summer in Hebei Wuqiao in China by taking Zhengdan 958 as a test variety, wherein the highest temperature of the year continuously exceeds 32 ℃ from 17 days in 7 months to 13 days in 8 months, the highest temperature of the year continuously exceeds 35 ℃ from 1 day in 8 months to 7 days in 8 months, and summer corns are in the period from castration to silking and are the key period of corn flowering and pollination. The test adopts a random block design, three repeated areas are arranged, each repeated area is randomly provided with 20 cells (treatment), and the female ears are sprayed during the tasseling period. The 20 cells are the control treatment zone (CK), G1 treatment zone, G2 treatment zone, G3 treatment zone, B1 treatment zone, B2 treatment zone, B3 treatment zone, B4 treatment zone, G1B1 treatment zone, G1B2 treatment zone, G1B3 treatment zone, G1B4 treatment zone, G2B1 treatment zone, G2B2 treatment zone, G2B3 treatment zone, G2B4 treatment zone, G3B1 treatment zone, G3B2 treatment zone, G3B3 treatment zone, G3B4 treatment zone (FIG. 1), respectively. The area of each cell is 24m 2 . The row spacing of corn in each cell is 60cm, and the density is 5500 plants/mu.
Corn was irrigated normally, and the dry weight of the kernel was measured dynamically every 7 days, fitted and calculated using Richard's equation (juqingson, caokmark, vico, lacha, growth analysis of grain filling in rice [ J ] crop press, 1988 (03): 182-193).
The dry weight W of the kernel is calculated as follows:
the grouting rate G is formulated as follows:
time t to reach maximum grouting rate max·G ：
Maximum grouting rate G max I.e. t max·G Obtained by equation 2
Average grouting rate
Effective grouting duration D:
in the formula, A, B, k and N are all parameters, the parameters are obtained by fitting experimental data through a least square method, and t is the time after flowering. All data were analyzed by ANOVA statistics using SAS 9.2, and significant differences were achieved with p <0.05 for multiple comparisons using Fishers' LSD.
As shown in fig. 5, the experimental result shows that, compared with the control, the maximum grouting rate and the average grouting rate of the corn kernel can be significantly improved and the effective grouting duration can be prolonged by independently spraying betaine and brassinolide. Brassinolide accelerates the time to reach maximum grouting rate, while betaine prolongs the time to reach maximum grouting rate. In addition, the brassinolide also shows an obvious concentration effect on the regulation and control of corn grain filling, and the regulation and control effect is weakened under high-concentration B4. The betaine and the brassinolide are compounded according to different proportions, and the regulation and control effects on the indexes are greater than those of single use. In particular, the brassinolide accelerates the appearance of the maximum grouting rate and makes up the defect that the betaine delays grouting. Therefore, the two components are matched for use, so that the remarkable synergistic effect is achieved, and the corn kernel grouting is promoted under the condition that the high temperature is encountered in the flowering phase in the field.
Claims (2)
1. A plant growth regulator characterized by: the active ingredients of the plant growth regulator are betaine and brassinolide;
the ratio of the amounts of betaine and brassinolide is 2 × 10 6 :1；
The plant growth regulator has the function of improving the yield of plants;
the plant is corn.
2. Use of the plant growth regulator of claim 1 for increasing corn yield.
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