CN114304157A - High-temperature-resistant grouting-promoting plant growth regulator and application thereof to crops - Google Patents
High-temperature-resistant grouting-promoting plant growth regulator and application thereof to crops Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-temperature-resistant grouting-promoting plant growth regulator and application thereof to crops. The active ingredients of the plant growth regulator are betaine and brassinolide, and the plant growth regulator can realize the high-temperature grouting promotion effect of crops, improve the grain number per ear and/or thousand grain weight of the crops and increase the yield and income of the crops by compounding the two active ingredients before the emasculation of the crops to the early stage of grouting.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of plant growth regulators, in particular to a high-temperature-resistant grouting-promoting plant growth regulator and application thereof to crops.
Background
Corn is an important grain and feed crop and industrial processing raw material in the world, and has an important supporting position in national economic development. The frequency of extreme weather occurrences increases year by year in the context of large global climate change. The occurrence frequency, the intensity and the severity of the agricultural meteorological disasters are all in an ascending state, and the high and stable yield of the corn is seriously damaged. The method has the advantages of improving the stress resistance and high yield of the corn, realizing green ecological development, becoming a very important subject of current agricultural production, and having important significance for national economic development and grain safety.
High temperature in the flowering phase becomes one of the main meteorological disasters affecting the growth of the corn, when the corn is affected by high temperature, leaves are wilted, stomata are closed, photosynthesis is blocked, normal metabolism of cells is damaged, normal development of organs is affected, and particularly, the normal development of pollen, abnormal silks cannot be normally spit out, abnormal pollination and serious kernel abortion seriously affect the yield and quality of the corn. However, effective defense or relief measures for high-temperature disasters from the flowering stage to the pre-grouting stage of the corn are still lacking in the current production, and the safe production of the corn is seriously threatened.
The plant growth regulator is an economic, environment-friendly, labor-saving and efficient agricultural technology, but the growth regulator of the corn on the market at present mainly takes ethephon as a leading product, mainly regulates and controls plant types aiming at the lodging problem, does not have the regulation and control functions of improving the high-temperature resistance of the corn and promoting grain filling, and often has the side effects of inhibiting the development of fruit clusters, reducing the grain number of the clusters and the like when being improperly used. Therefore, researchers are urgently needed to research and develop efficient environment-friendly regulator products with high-temperature-resistant grouting promotion effects, the high-temperature-resistant capacity of the corn is improved, the grain weight is increased, the yield is improved, and the high yield, high efficiency and green ecological development of the corn are guaranteed.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is how to make plants (crops) resistant to high temperature and/or promote grouting (yield increase).
In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a plant growth regulator.
The active ingredients of the plant growth regulator provided by the invention are betaine and brassinolide.
In the above plant growth regulator, the ratio (molar ratio) of the amounts of betaine and brassinolide is 2.5X 105-2×107:1。
In the plant growth regulator, the ratio (molar ratio) of the amounts of betaine and brassinolide is 5 × 106-2×1071 or 1X 106-4×1061 or 5X 105-2×1061 or 2.5X 105-1×106:1。
In the above plant growth regulator, the ratio (molar ratio) of the amounts of betaine and brassinolide is 5X 1061 (corresponding to G1B1), 1X 1071 (corresponding to G2B1), 2X 1071 (corresponding to G3B1), 1X 1061 (corresponding to G1B2, G2B3, G3B4) and 2X 1061 (corresponding to G2B2 or G3B3), 4X 106:1(G3B2)、5×1051 (corresponding to G1B3 or G2B4), 2.5X 1051 (corresponding to G1B 4).
The plant growth regulator contains a synergist which comprises potassium dihydrogen phosphate, fulvic acid, 6-benzylamino adenine, methyl jasmonate, chitosan oligosaccharide, a cosolvent and a viscosity-spreading agent.
The cosolvent can be one or more of methanol, ethanol and dimethyl sulfoxide; the above viscosity-spreading agent can be one or more of Tween20 (Tween20), Tween60 (Tween60) and Triton-100.
The synergist of the plant growth regulator as described above may further comprise other components, which can be determined by one skilled in the art according to the effect on plant growth regulation; the cosolvent of the plant growth regulator can also contain other components, and the other components can be determined by a person skilled in the art according to the effect on plant growth regulation; the plant growth regulator binder may further comprise other components, which can be determined by one skilled in the art according to the effect on plant growth regulation.
The plant growth regulator has the following functions in whole or in part:
p1, improving the yield of plants;
p2, ability to accelerate plant grouting;
p3, promoting growth and/or improving stress resistance of plants;
p4, improving the pollen vitality;
p5, improving net photosynthetic rate of leaves, improving activities of antioxidase and key enzyme in photosynthetic process and/or reducing relative conductivity of leaves;
p6, improving plant photosynthetic capacity, improving plant antioxidant capacity and/or enhancing cell membrane stability;
p7, increasing the grain number of the plant ear and/or the thousand grain weight;
p8, promoting plant grain filling and/or improving the high temperature resistance of the plant;
p9, increasing the activity of enzymes related to carbon metabolism;
p10, improving the material accumulation of the seeds;
p11, increasing the time for maximum grouting rate and/or increasing the effective grouting duration.
In the above plant growth regulator, the plant is any one of the following plants:
1) a dicotyledonous plant;
2) (ii) a monocotyledonous plant which is,
3) a plant of the order of the gramineae,
4) a plant belonging to the family of the Gramineae,
5) a plant of the genus Zea, which plant is selected from the group consisting of Zea mays,
6) corn.
The use of the following plant growth regulators is also within the scope of the present invention, including all or part of Q1-Q11:
q1, the use of the plant growth regulator in improving plant yield;
q2, the use of the plant growth regulator in accelerating plant grouting;
q3, the application of the plant growth regulator in promoting plant growth and/or improving plant stress resistance;
q4, the application of the plant growth regulator in improving the activity of plant pollen;
q5, the plant growth regulator can improve net photosynthetic rate of plant leaves, improve activities of antioxidase and key enzyme in photosynthetic process and/or reduce relative conductivity of leaves;
q6, the application of the plant growth regulator in improving plant photosynthetic capacity, improving plant oxidation resistance and/or enhancing cell membrane stability;
q7, and the application of the plant growth regulator in improving the grain number per ear and/or the thousand grain weight of the plant;
q8, the application of the plant growth regulator in promoting plant grain filling and/or improving the high temperature resistance of plants;
q9 and the application of the plant growth regulator in improving the activity of enzymes related to the carbon metabolism process of plants.
Q10, use of the plant growth regulator described above for increasing the material accumulation of plant seeds;
q11, use of the above plant growth regulator for increasing the time to maximum filling rate of a plant and/or for increasing the effective filling duration.
The plant growth regulator described hereinabove may be formulated into any dosage form acceptable for agricultural production. Such as liquid, emulsion, suspending agent, powder, granule, wettable powder or water dispersible granule, etc. The plant growth regulator may be a liquid, wherein the concentration of the amount of the substance of the active ingredient betaine may be 50-200mM, and the concentration of the amount of the substance of brassinolide may be 0.01-0.2. mu.M, specifically 50mM + 0.01. mu.M or 50mM + 0.05. mu.M or 50mM + 0.1. mu.M or 50mM + 0.2. mu.M or 100mM + 0.01. mu.M or 100mM + 0.05. mu.M or 100mM + 0.1. mu.M or 100mM + 0.2. mu.M or 200mM + 0.01. mu.M or 200mM + 0.05. mu.M or 200mM + 0.1. mu.M or 200mM + 0.2. mu.M; the concentration of the potassium dihydrogen phosphate in the synergist can be 0.1-0.5mg/L, the concentration of the fulvic acid can be 100-500mg/L, the concentration of the 6-benzylamino adenine can be 1-10mg/L, and the concentration of the methyl jasmonate can be 100-300 mg/L; the concentration of the cosolvent can be 100-200 ml/L; the concentration of the viscosity-spreading agent can be 1-5 ml/L.
The invention also provides a using method of the plant growth regulator, which comprises the steps of preparing the plant growth regulator into a solution and spraying the solution in the plant growth period. The spraying mode can be for the manual foliage application and ear of grain portion spraying, also can utilize unmanned aerial vehicle to carry out the spraying. The spraying period can be from before the male extraction of the plant to the middle and early stage of the grouting.
In the above method, the plant growth regulator is preferably subjected to a treatment once from the stamina stage to the initial stage of filling when sprayed, and more preferably subjected to a treatment once from the stamina stage to before spinning.
When the plant growth regulator is sprayed, 30L of liquid medicine is used per mu, preferably water is used as a diluent, the liquid medicine can be uniformly sprayed on the surfaces of leaves by manual spraying, and tassels and female ears are sprayed in a key mode, and re-spraying and missing spraying cannot be performed.
Experiments prove that compared with a control without spraying a plant growth regulator, the yield of the corn is increased linearly with the concentration by only spraying the betaine, and the yield is increased by 2.5-7.4%; the brassinolide is sprayed independently, so that an obvious concentration effect is shown, the overall yield of the corn is increased by 3.4-5.9%, and the yield increasing effect is weakened at high concentration; the two plant growth regulators are used together according to different proportions, the corn yield increase amplitude is larger than that of the corn yield increase of 4.2-9.7% when the two plant growth regulators are used alone. Wherein the B3G3 treatment (the ratio of the amounts of betaine to brassinolide is 2X 10)61) the maximum combination, the amplification is 9.7%. Therefore, the two components have obvious synergistic effect when used together.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
aiming at the problems of reducing pollen activity and inhibiting grain development at high temperature in corn production, the invention develops an environment-friendly, economic and efficient high-temperature resistant grouting-promoting plant growth regulator aiming at the defect that the existing regulator cannot simultaneously realize high temperature resistance and grouting promotion, the high-temperature resistant grouting-promoting plant growth regulator mainly contains betaine and brassinolide, and complementary synergistic interaction is carried out by utilizing the high-temperature resistance of the betaine and the regulation and control of the brassinolide for promoting cell growth, so that the product has the effects of improving pollen activity, enhancing blade photosynthesis, promoting grain development and substance accumulation, and finally improving the corn yield. Meanwhile, the product is safe and environment-friendly, has little field residue, has little influence on afterreap crops, is easy to obtain main active ingredients, has low cost, obvious effect and easy operation, popularization and application, and has positive promotion effect on promoting the high quality and high yield of the corn.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows the effect of betaine and brassinolide spray on corn yield and yield-contributing factors. Data are shown as mean ± sd, with different letters in the same column indicating significant differences between treatments (Fishers' LSD, P < 0.05).
FIG. 2 shows the effect of spraying betaine and brassinolide on maize pollen viability under high temperature stress. Data are shown as mean ± sd, with different letters in the same column indicating significant differences between treatments (Fishers' LSD, P < 0.05).
FIG. 3 shows the effect of betaine and brassinolide spraying on leaf photosynthesis and antioxidant capacity. Data are shown as mean ± sd, with different letters in the same column indicating significant differences between treatments (Fishers' LSD, P < 0.05).
Fig. 4 shows the effect of betaine and brassinolide spraying on the activity of enzyme related to grain substance accumulation and carbon metabolism. Data are shown as mean ± sd, with different letters in the same column indicating significant differences between treatments (Fishers' LSD, P < 0.05).
Fig. 5 shows the effect of betaine and brassinolide spray on grain filling characteristics. Data are shown as mean ± sd, with different letters in the same column indicating significant differences between treatments (Fishers' LSD, P < 0.05).
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in further detail below with reference to specific embodiments, which are given for the purpose of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. The examples provided below serve as a guide for further modifications by a person skilled in the art and do not constitute a limitation of the invention in any way.
The experimental procedures in the following examples, unless otherwise indicated, are conventional and are carried out according to the techniques or conditions described in the literature in the field or according to the instructions of the products. Materials, reagents and the like used in the following examples are commercially available unless otherwise specified.
The betaine (Sigma-Aldrich, CAS: 107-43-7), brassinolide (Sigma-Aldrich, CAS: 72962-43-7) and the synergist are all obtained from the market.
Example 1 Effect of betaine and brassinolide combinations on corn yield and yield constitution
In this example, betaine and brassinolide were selected, and arranged in a combination of three concentrations of betaine 50, 100, and 200mM and brassinolide 0.01, 0.05, 0.1, and 0.2. mu.M, and 1 clear water control was set.
The test was carried out under field natural conditions. The specific method comprises the following steps:
1. preparation of plant growth regulator solution
1.1 dissolving betaine in water, 50mM betaine solution (G1 solution), 100mM betaine solution (G2 solution), and 200mM betaine solution (G3 solution) were obtained, respectively.
1.2 dissolving brassinolide in methanol gave a 0.01. mu.M solution of brassinolide (B1 solution), a 0.05. mu.M solution of brassinolide (B2 solution), a 0.1. mu.M solution of brassinolide (B3 solution), and a 0.2. mu.M solution of brassinolide (B4 solution), respectively.
1.3 preparation of betaine and brassinolide composition
1.3.1G 1B1 solution:
1) dissolving brassinolide in methanol to obtain brassinolide solution;
2) dissolving betaine in water to obtain betaine solution;
3) uniformly mixing the solutions in the steps 1) to 2), and fixing the volume to the volume of the working solution by using water to obtain the G1B1 solution. The content of brassinolide in the G1B1 solution was 0.01. mu.M, and the content of betaine was 50 mM.
1.3.2G 1B2 solution:
1) dissolving brassinolide in methanol to obtain brassinolide solution;
2) dissolving betaine in water to obtain betaine solution;
3) uniformly mixing the solutions in the steps 1) to 2), and fixing the volume to the volume of the working solution by using water to obtain the G1B2 solution. The content of brassinolide in the G1B2 solution was 0.05. mu.M, and the content of betaine was 50 mM.
1.3.3G 1B3 solution:
1) dissolving brassinolide in methanol to obtain brassinolide solution;
2) dissolving betaine in water to obtain betaine solution;
3) uniformly mixing the solutions in the steps 1) to 2), and fixing the volume to the volume of the working solution by using water to obtain the G1B3 solution. The content of brassinolide in the G1B3 solution was 0.1. mu.M, and the content of betaine was 50 mM.
1.3.4G 1B4 solution:
1) dissolving brassinolide in methanol to obtain brassinolide solution;
2) dissolving betaine in water to obtain betaine solution;
3) uniformly mixing the solutions in the steps 1) to 2), and fixing the volume to the volume of the working solution by using water to obtain the G1B4 solution. The content of brassinolide in the G1B4 solution was 0.2. mu.M, and the content of betaine was 50 mM.
1.3.5G 2B1 solution:
1) dissolving brassinolide in methanol to obtain brassinolide solution;
2) dissolving betaine in water to obtain betaine solution;
3) uniformly mixing the solutions in the steps 1) to 2), and fixing the volume to the volume of the working solution by using water to obtain a G2B1 solution. The content of brassinolide in the G2B1 solution was 0.01. mu.M, and the content of betaine was 100 mM.
1.3.6G 2B2 solution:
1) dissolving brassinolide in methanol to obtain brassinolide solution;
2) dissolving betaine in water to obtain betaine solution;
3) uniformly mixing the solutions in the steps 1) to 2), and fixing the volume to the volume of the working solution by using water to obtain a G2B2 solution. The content of brassinolide in the G2B2 solution was 0.05. mu.M, and the content of betaine was 100 mM.
1.3.7G 2B3 solution:
1) dissolving brassinolide in methanol to obtain brassinolide solution;
2) dissolving betaine in water to obtain betaine solution;
3) uniformly mixing the solutions in the steps 1) to 2), and fixing the volume to the volume of the working solution by using water to obtain a G2B3 solution. The content of brassinolide in the G2B3 solution was 0.1. mu.M, and the content of betaine was 100 mM.
1.3.8G 2B4 solution:
1) dissolving brassinolide in methanol to obtain brassinolide solution;
2) dissolving betaine in water to obtain betaine solution;
3) uniformly mixing the solutions in the steps 1) to 2), and fixing the volume to the volume of the working solution by using water to obtain a G2B4 solution. The content of brassinolide in the G2B4 solution was 0.2. mu.M, and the content of betaine was 100 mM.
1.3.9G 3B1 solution:
1) dissolving brassinolide in methanol to obtain brassinolide solution;
2) dissolving betaine in water to obtain betaine solution;
3) uniformly mixing the solutions in the steps 1) to 2), and fixing the volume to the volume of the working solution by using water to obtain a G3B1 solution. The content of brassinolide in the G3B1 solution was 0.01. mu.M, and the content of betaine was 200 mM.
1.3.10G 3B2 solution:
1) dissolving brassinolide in methanol to obtain brassinolide solution;
2) dissolving betaine in water to obtain betaine solution;
3) uniformly mixing the solutions in the steps 1) to 2), and fixing the volume to the volume of the working solution by using water to obtain a G3B2 solution. The content of brassinolide in the G3B2 solution was 0.05. mu.M, and the content of betaine was 200 mM.
1.3.11G 3B3 solution:
1) dissolving brassinolide in methanol to obtain brassinolide solution;
2) dissolving betaine in water to obtain betaine solution;
3) uniformly mixing the solutions in the steps 1) to 2), and fixing the volume to the volume of the working solution by using water to obtain a G3B3 solution. The content of brassinolide in the G3B3 solution was 0.1. mu.M, and the content of betaine was 200 mM.
1.3.12G 3B4 solution:
1) dissolving brassinolide in methanol to obtain brassinolide solution;
2) dissolving betaine in water to obtain betaine solution;
3) uniformly mixing the solutions in the steps 1) to 2), and fixing the volume to the volume of the working solution by using water to obtain a G3B4 solution. The content of brassinolide in the G3B4 solution was 0.2. mu.M, and the content of betaine was 200 mM.
2. Design of field experiment
The quantitative experiments in the following examples were all set up in triplicate.
And 5, performing field experiments in 2018 summer in Hebei Wuqiao in China with Zhengdan 958 as a test variety. The highest temperature of the year continuously exceeds 32 ℃ from 17 days in 7 months to 13 days in 8 months, wherein the highest temperature of the year exceeds 35 ℃ from 1 day in 8 months to 7 days in 8 months, and the summer corn is in the period from the castration to the silking, which is the key period of the corn blossoming and pollination. The test adopts a random block design, three repeated areas are arranged, 20 cells (treatment) are randomly arranged in each repeated area, and the spraying treatment of the leaf surfaces and the tassels in the tasseling period is carried out. The 20 cells were control treatment zone (CK), G1 treatment zone, G2 treatment zone, G3 treatment zone, B1 treatment zone, B2 treatment zone, B3 treatment zone, B4 treatment zone, G1B1 treatment zone, G1B2 treatment zone, G1B3 treatment zone, G1B4 treatment zone, G2B1 treatment zone, G2B2 treatment zone, G2B3 treatment zone, G2B4 treatment zone, G3B1 treatment zone, G3B2 treatment zone, G3B3 treatment zone, G3B4 treatment zone, respectively (fig. 1). The area of each cell is 24m2. The row spacing of corn in each cell is 60cm, and the density is 5500 plants/mu.
Normal irrigation of corn, harvesting in the mature period, measuring yield, investigating mu spike number, thousand kernel weight and other yield factors. All data were analyzed by ANOVA statistics using SAS 9.2, and significant differences were achieved with p <0.05 for multiple comparisons using Fishers' LSD.
As shown in figure 1, the experimental result shows that when the betaine is singly sprayed under the condition of meeting a high-temperature disaster in the flowering phase in the field, compared with the contrast, the yield is linearly increased along with the concentration and is increased by 2.5-7.4%, the brassinolide is singly sprayed, the obvious concentration effect is shown, the overall yield is increased by 3.4-5.9%, and the yield increasing effect is weakened under the high concentration. The components are compounded according to different proportions, the yield increase amplitude is larger than that of the single use, and the yield increase is 4.2-9.7%. The maximum increase was 9.7% with treatment combination of B3 and G3. Therefore, the two components are matched for use to have remarkable synergistic effect, and the compound of B3 and G2 can also achieve ideal effect in consideration of cost.
Example 2 Effect of betaine and brassinolide spray application on corn pollen Activity
In this example, betaine and brassinolide were selected, and arranged in a combination of three concentrations of betaine 50, 100, and 200mM and brassinolide 0.01, 0.05, 0.1, and 0.2. mu.M, and 1 clear water control was set. The test was carried out under field natural conditions. The specific method comprises the following steps:
1. the plant growth regulator solution was prepared as in example 1.
2. Design of field experiment
The quantitative experiments in the following examples were all set up in triplicate.
In 2018, in Hebei Wuqiao in China, Zhengdan 958 is taken as a test variety to carry out field experiments, the highest temperature of the year continuously exceeds 32 ℃ from 7-month and 17-day to 8-month and 13-day, wherein the highest temperature of the year continuously exceeds 35 ℃ from 8-month and 1-day to 8-month and 7-day, and the summer corn is in the period from tasseling to spinning and is a key period of corn blossoming and pollination. The test adopts a random block design, three repeated areas are arranged, each repeated area is randomly provided with 20 cells (treatment), and the tassel is sprayed in the tassel stage. 20 cells were control treated (CK), G1 treated, G2 treated, G3 treated, B1 treatedA B2 treatment zone, a B3 treatment zone, a B4 treatment zone, a G1B1 treatment zone, a G1B2 treatment zone, a G1B3 treatment zone, a G1B4 treatment zone, a G2B1 treatment zone, a G2B2 treatment zone, a G2B3 treatment zone, a G2B4 treatment zone, a G3B1 treatment zone, a G3B2 treatment zone, a G3B3 treatment zone, a G3B4 treatment zone (fig. 1). The area of each cell is 24m2. The row spacing of corn in each cell is 60cm, and the density is 5500 plants/mu.
And (3) normally irrigating the corn, culturing and observing the germination rate by using a pollen germination culture medium in the flowering period after treatment, and measuring the pollen activity by using a TTC (transfer printing) staining method to show a microscopic staining percentage, so as to reflect the relieving effect of the regulator on the high-temperature damage pollen activity. All data were analyzed by ANOVA statistics using SAS 9.2, and multiple comparisons were performed using Fishers' LSD method, with p <0.05, i.e., significant differences were achieved
As shown in fig. 2, the experimental results show that, compared with the control, the single spraying of betaine and brassinolide can significantly improve the pollen activity of corn under the field conditions, and the pollen activity results detected by the two methods are similar. Wherein the positive effect of brassinolide shows a significant concentration effect and the positive effect of high concentration B4 is reduced. The components are compounded according to different proportions, and the effect of increasing the pollen activity is greater than that of the pollen when the pollen is used alone. The combined treatment effect of the B2 and B3 concentrations and the G3 concentration is the best. Therefore, the two components have obvious synergistic effect when used together, and have obvious effects of improving the pollen activity and reducing high-temperature hazards under field conditions.
Example 3 Effect of betaine and brassinolide spray on the photo-physiology and antioxidant physiology of maize leaves
In this example, betaine and brassinolide were selected, and arranged in a combination of three concentrations of betaine 50, 100, and 200mM and brassinolide 0.01, 0.05, 0.1, and 0.2. mu.M, and 1 clear water control was set. The test was carried out under field natural conditions. The specific method comprises the following steps:
1. the plant growth regulator solution was prepared as in example 1.
2. Design of field experiment
The quantitative experiments in the following examples were all set up in triplicate.
In 2018, in Hebei Wuqiao in China, Zhengdan 958 is taken as a test variety to carry out field experiments, the highest temperature of the year continuously exceeds 32 ℃ from 7-month and 17-day to 8-month and 13-day, wherein the highest temperature of the year continuously exceeds 35 ℃ from 8-month and 1-day to 8-month and 7-day, and the summer corn is in the period from tasseling to spinning and is a key period of corn blossoming and pollination. The test adopts a random block design, three repeated areas are arranged, 20 cells (treatment) are randomly arranged in each repeated area, and the spraying treatment is carried out on the leaves at the ear position in the tasseling period. The 20 cells were control treatment zone (CK), G1 treatment zone, G2 treatment zone, G3 treatment zone, B1 treatment zone, B2 treatment zone, B3 treatment zone, B4 treatment zone, G1B1 treatment zone, G1B2 treatment zone, G1B3 treatment zone, G1B4 treatment zone, G2B1 treatment zone, G2B2 treatment zone, G2B3 treatment zone, G2B4 treatment zone, G3B1 treatment zone, G3B2 treatment zone, G3B3 treatment zone, G3B4 treatment zone, respectively (fig. 1). The area of each cell is 24m2. The row spacing of corn in each cell is 60cm, and the density is 5500 plants/mu.
Normal irrigation of corn, and determination of net photosynthetic rate of leaf at the ear position, activity of photosynthetic related enzymes PEPCase, RuBPCase, relative conductivity, activity of antioxidase SOD and POD, etc. in the spinning stage to reflect the high temperature resistance of plant. All data were analyzed by ANOVA statistics using SAS 9.2, and significant differences were achieved with p <0.05 for multiple comparisons using Fishers' LSD.
As shown in FIG. 3, the experimental result shows that, compared with the control, the single spraying of betaine and brassinolide can obviously improve the net photosynthetic rate of the maize ear position leaves and obviously improve the activities of key enzymes PEPCase and RuBPCase in the photosynthetic process. Meanwhile, the activities of antioxidant enzyme SOD and POD of the corn ear position leaves can be improved by spraying betaine and brassinolide, and the relative conductivity is reduced. The results show that the spraying of betaine and brassinolide can improve the oxidation resistance of the ear position leaves, improve the stability of cell membranes and improve the stress resistance of corns, and simultaneously, by improving the photosynthetic capacity of the leaves, the accumulation of substances is promoted, the growth is promoted and the vitality of the 'source' organ during grouting is ensured. The betaine and the brassinolide are compounded according to different proportions, the effect of increasing the photosynthetic capacity and the antioxidant capacity of the ear position leaves is greater than that of the single use of the two components, so that the two components have obvious synergistic effect when used in a matched manner, the obvious effects of improving the activity of the ear position leaves and reducing high-temperature hazards under field conditions are achieved, and grain grouting is guaranteed.
Example 4 influence of betaine and brassinolide spraying on physiological indexes related to carbon metabolism in middle stage of corn grain filling
In this example, betaine and brassinolide were selected, and arranged in a combination of three concentrations of betaine 50, 100, and 200mM and brassinolide 0.01, 0.05, 0.1, and 0.2. mu.M, and 1 clear water control was set. The test was carried out under field natural conditions. The specific method comprises the following steps:
1. the plant growth regulator solution was prepared as in example 1.
2. Design of field experiment
The quantitative experiments in the following examples were all set up in triplicate.
In 2018, in Hebei Wuqiao in China, Zhengdan 958 is taken as a test variety to carry out field experiments, the highest temperature of the year continuously exceeds 32 ℃ from 7-month and 17-day to 8-month and 13-day, wherein the highest temperature of the year continuously exceeds 35 ℃ from 8-month and 1-day to 8-month and 7-day, and the summer corn is in the period from tasseling to spinning and is a key period of corn blossoming and pollination. The test adopts a random block design, three repeated areas are arranged, each repeated area is randomly provided with 20 cells (treatment), and the female ears are sprayed during the tasseling period. The 20 cells were control treatment zone (CK), G1 treatment zone, G2 treatment zone, G3 treatment zone, B1 treatment zone, B2 treatment zone, B3 treatment zone, B4 treatment zone, G1B1 treatment zone, G1B2 treatment zone, G1B3 treatment zone, G1B4 treatment zone, G2B1 treatment zone, G2B2 treatment zone, G2B3 treatment zone, G2B4 treatment zone, G3B1 treatment zone, G3B2 treatment zone, G3B3 treatment zone, G3B4 treatment zone, respectively (fig. 1). The area of each cell is 24m2. The row spacing of corn in each cell is 60cm, and the density is 5500 plants/mu.
And (3) normally irrigating the corn, and measuring the contents of sucrose and starch in the kernel in the middle of the female ear, the activities of sucrose synthase, sucrose phosphate synthase and starch synthase and other physiological indexes reflecting the grain filling capacity of the corn at the middle stage of filling. All data were analyzed by ANOVA statistics using SAS 9.2, and significant differences were achieved with p <0.05 for multiple comparisons using Fishers' LSD.
As shown in fig. 4, the experimental results show that, compared with the control, the single spraying of betaine and brassinolide can significantly improve the sucrose and starch contents of corn kernels, and improve the activity of enzymes related to the synthesis of kernel carbohydrates such as sucrose synthase, sucrose phosphate synthase and starch synthase. The brassinolide shows an obvious dual reaction rule, and the increasing effect of the high-concentration brassinolide (B4) on the contents of grain sucrose and starch and the activities of sucrose synthase, sucrose phosphate synthase and starch synthase is lower than that of B3. The betaine and the brassinolide are compounded according to different proportions, and the effects of improving the contents of the grain sucrose and starch and improving the activities of the sucrose synthase, the sucrose phosphate synthase and the starch synthase are better than those of single use. Therefore, the two components have obvious synergistic effect when being matched, and the material accumulation of the corn grains in the filling stage under the condition of high temperature naturally encountered in the field is promoted.
Example 5 Effect of betaine and brassinolide spray application on corn grain filling characteristics
In this example, betaine and brassinolide were selected, and arranged in a combination of three concentrations of betaine 50, 100, and 200mM and brassinolide 0.01, 0.05, 0.1, and 0.2. mu.M, and 1 clear water control was set. The test was carried out under field natural conditions. The specific method comprises the following steps:
1. the plant growth regulator solution was prepared as in example 1.
2. Design of field experiment
The quantitative experiments in the following examples were all set up in triplicate.
In 2018, in Hebei Wuqiao in China, Zhengdan 958 is taken as a test variety to carry out field experiments, the highest temperature of the year continuously exceeds 32 ℃ from 7-month and 17-day to 8-month and 13-day, wherein the highest temperature of the year continuously exceeds 35 ℃ from 8-month and 1-day to 8-month and 7-day, and the summer corn is in the period from tasseling to spinning and is a key period of corn blossoming and pollination. The test adopts a random block design, and three repeated blocks are arranged, wherein each repeated block is a heavy blockAnd (4) randomly setting 20 cells (treatment) in the secondary region, and spraying the female ears in the tasseling period. The 20 cells were control treatment zone (CK), G1 treatment zone, G2 treatment zone, G3 treatment zone, B1 treatment zone, B2 treatment zone, B3 treatment zone, B4 treatment zone, G1B1 treatment zone, G1B2 treatment zone, G1B3 treatment zone, G1B4 treatment zone, G2B1 treatment zone, G2B2 treatment zone, G2B3 treatment zone, G2B4 treatment zone, G3B1 treatment zone, G3B2 treatment zone, G3B3 treatment zone, G3B4 treatment zone, respectively (fig. 1). The area of each cell is 24m2. The row spacing of corn in each cell is 60cm, and the density is 5500 plants/mu.
Corn was irrigated normally, and the dry weight of the kernels was measured dynamically every 7 days, fitted and calculated using Richard's equation (juqingson, caokmark, vicha, rice kernel grouted growth analysis [ J ] press, 1988(03): 182. 193.) and grout characteristics.
The dry weight W of the kernel is calculated as follows:
the grouting rate G formula is as follows:
time t to reach maximum grouting ratemax·G：
Maximum grouting rate GmaxI.e. tmax·GObtained by equation 2
Average grouting rate
Effective grouting duration D:
in the formula, A, B, k and N are all parameters, the parameters are obtained by fitting experimental data through a least square method, and t is the time after flowering. All data were analyzed by ANOVA statistics using SAS 9.2, and significant differences were achieved with p <0.05 for multiple comparisons using Fishers' LSD.
As shown in fig. 5, the experimental result shows that, compared with the control, the maximum grouting rate and the average grouting rate of the corn kernel can be significantly improved and the effective grouting duration can be prolonged by independently spraying betaine and brassinolide. Brassinolide accelerates the time to reach maximum grouting rate, while betaine prolongs the time to reach maximum grouting rate. In addition, the brassinolide also shows obvious concentration effect on the regulation and control of the corn grain filling, and the regulation and control effect is weakened under the condition of high concentration B4. The betaine and the brassinolide are compounded according to different proportions, and the regulation and control effects on the indexes are greater than those of single use. In particular, the brassinolide accelerates the appearance of the maximum grouting rate and makes up the defect that the betaine delays grouting. Therefore, the two components are matched for use, so that the remarkable synergistic effect is achieved, and the corn grain grouting is promoted under the condition that the high temperature is encountered in the flowering phase in the field.
Claims (10)
1. A plant growth regulator characterized by: the active ingredients of the plant growth regulator are betaine and brassinolide.
2. A plant growth regulator according to claim 1, characterized in that: the ratio of the amounts of betaine and brassinolide is 2.5 × 105-2×107:1。
3. A plant growth regulator according to claim 2, characterized in that: the ratio of the amounts of betaine and brassinolide is 5 × 106-2×1071 or 1X 106-4×1061 or 5X 105-2×1061 or 2.5X 105-1×106:1。
4. A plant growth regulator according to claim 3, characterized in that: the ratio of the amounts of betaine and brassinolide is 5 × 106:1、1×107:1、2×107:1、1×106:1、2×106:1、4×106:1、5×1051 or 2.5X 105:1。
5. A plant growth regulator according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: the plant growth regulator contains a synergist which comprises potassium dihydrogen phosphate, fulvic acid, 6-benzylamino adenine, methyl jasmonate, chitosan oligosaccharide, a cosolvent and a viscosity-spreading agent.
6. A plant growth regulator according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: the plant growth regulator has the following functions in whole or in part:
p1, improving the yield of plants;
p2, ability to accelerate plant grouting;
p3, promoting growth and/or improving stress resistance of plants;
p4, improving the pollen vitality;
p5, improving net photosynthetic rate of leaves, improving activities of antioxidase and key enzyme in photosynthetic process and/or reducing relative conductivity of leaves;
p6, improving plant photosynthetic capacity, improving plant antioxidant capacity and/or enhancing cell membrane stability;
p7, increasing the grain number of the plant ear and/or the thousand grain weight;
p8, promoting plant grain filling and/or improving the high temperature resistance of the plant;
p9, increasing the activity of enzymes related to carbon metabolism;
p10, improving the material accumulation of the seeds;
p11, increasing the time for maximum grouting rate and/or increasing the effective grouting duration.
7. A plant growth regulator according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: the plant is any one of the following plants:
1) a dicotyledonous plant;
2) (ii) a monocotyledonous plant which is,
3) a plant of the order of the gramineae,
4) a plant belonging to the family of the Gramineae,
5) a plant of the genus Zea, which plant is selected from the group consisting of Zea mays,
6) corn.
8. Use of the plant growth regulator of any one of claims 1-7, in whole or in part of Q1-Q11:
use of Q1, a plant growth regulator of any one of claims 1 to 7 for increasing plant yield;
use of Q2, the plant growth regulator of any one of claims 1 to 7, for accelerating plant grouting;
use of Q3, the plant growth regulator of any one of claims 1 to 7, for promoting plant growth and/or improving plant stress tolerance;
use of Q4, the plant growth regulator of any one of claims 1 to 7, for increasing pollen viability in a plant;
q5, the plant growth regulator of any one of claims 1-7, in increasing net photosynthetic rate of plant leaves, increasing activities of antioxidant enzymes and enzymes essential to the photosynthetic process, and/or decreasing leaf relative conductivity;
use of Q6, the plant growth regulator of any one of claims 1 to 7, for increasing photosynthetic capacity, increasing antioxidant capacity and/or enhancing cell membrane stability of a plant;
use of Q7, the plant growth regulator of any one of claims 1 to 7, for increasing the number of grains per ear and/or the thousand kernel weight of a plant;
use of Q8, the plant growth regulator of any one of claims 1 to 7, for promoting grain filling and/or increasing the ability of a plant to withstand high temperatures;
use of Q9, the plant growth regulator of any one of claims 1-7, for increasing the activity of an enzyme associated with a carbon metabolic process in a plant.
Use of Q10, the plant growth regulator of any one of claims 1 to 7, for increasing the material accumulation of plant grain;
use of Q11, a plant growth regulator according to any one of claims 1 to 7, for increasing the time to maximum rate of plant filling and/or for increasing the effective filling duration.
9. The method of using the plant growth regulator of any one of claims 1-7, comprising preparing the plant growth regulator as a solution and spraying during the growth period of the plant.
10. The use according to claim 8 or the method according to claim 9, characterized in that: the plant is any one of the following plants:
1) a dicotyledonous plant;
2) (ii) a monocotyledonous plant which is,
3) a plant of the order of the gramineae,
4) a plant belonging to the family of the Gramineae,
5) a plant of the genus Zea, which plant is selected from the group consisting of Zea mays,
6) corn.
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| CN103548446A (en) * | 2013-10-29 | 2014-02-05 | 山西省农业科学院旱地农业研究中心 | Environment-friendly drought resistance treatment method for kidney bean seeds |
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