CN114304021A - Method for promoting growth and molting of scylla paramamosain by regulating and controlling environmental factors - Google Patents
Method for promoting growth and molting of scylla paramamosain by regulating and controlling environmental factors Download PDFInfo
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- CN114304021A CN114304021A CN202210032614.2A CN202210032614A CN114304021A CN 114304021 A CN114304021 A CN 114304021A CN 202210032614 A CN202210032614 A CN 202210032614A CN 114304021 A CN114304021 A CN 114304021A
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for promoting the growth and exuviation of scylla paramamosain by regulating and controlling environmental factors, which is to culture in a culture water body with a blue background and use a full-spectrum LED lamp as a light source for culture; the illumination intensity of the light source is 11.36-18.27W m‑2The illumination time is 12-18 hours; the k value of the culture container space is 29.23-59.19. The method improves the growth and exuviation of the young scylla paramamosain by setting the illumination parameters, and definitely sets the illumination intensity to be 11.36-18.27W m under a full-spectrum LED lamp‑2The photoperiod is L: and D is 12-18 hours of illumination environment, the background color is blue, and the maximum growth performance and exuviation can be achieved in the culture container with the culture container space k value of 29.23-59.19.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of intermediate cultivation of young Scylla paramamosain, and particularly relates to a method for promoting the growth and exuviation of the young Scylla paramamosain by regulating and controlling environmental factors.
Background
Scylla paramamosain (Scylla. paramamosain) belongs to Arthropoda, Ardisia, Octopus, Paralithospermaceae, and Scylla, and has the advantages of delicious meat, high nutritive value, and large market demand. In 2020, the artificial breeding yield of the Scylla paramamosain is 159433 tons, and the Scylla paramamosain is the seawater crab with the highest breeding yield in China.
The artificial breeding technology of the Scylla paramamosain is a breakthrough in China, but the wild seedlings in the fishing sea area are still the main points in the breeding process due to the unstable yield of the artificial seedlings. In recent years, researchers at home and abroad make a great deal of research on the breeding technology and biology of Scylla paramamosain. At present, the young green mud crab is mainly obtained by two ways, one way is to capture the wild green mud crab seedling in the natural sea area, and the other way is to artificially cultivate the young green mud crab by utilizing an indoor cement pond. The artificially cultivated seedlings cannot realize large-scale stable seedling emergence due to low stability. Meanwhile, the difference of the environment of the water body for breeding the young crabs and the environment of the water body for breeding the seawater pond has certain influence on the survival rate of the early young crabs. Therefore, the intermediate cultivation of the Scylla paramamosain is expected to become an effective means for improving the cultivation survival rate of the Scylla paramamosain.
The molting is an important physiological phenomenon in the growth, development and reproduction processes of crustaceans, and the molting and growth of the crustaceans have obvious positive correlation. The economic benefit of the young scylla paramamosain in the cultivation process is seriously influenced by the reduction of the growth performance caused by slow molting.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for promoting the growth and the molting of scylla paramamosain by regulating and controlling environmental factors, namely a method for promoting the growth and the molting of the scylla paramamosain by illumination, background color and culture container space.
The method for promoting the growth and the exuviation of the scylla paramamosain provided by the invention is to breed in the breeding water body with blue background, and use the full-spectrum LED lamp as the light source for breeding;
furthermore, the illumination intensity of the light source is 11.36-18.27W m-2The illumination time is 12-18 hours;
further, the culture method is characterized in that the k value of the culture container space is 29.23-59.19.
The culture method is characterized in that the salinity of the seawater is 23-25ppt, and the water temperature is 25-27 ℃.
The method improves the growth and exuviation of the young scylla paramamosain by setting the illumination parameters, and definitely sets the illumination intensity to be 11.36-18.27W m under a full-spectrum LED lamp-2The photoperiod is L: and D is 12-18 hours of illumination environment, the background color is blue, and the maximum growth performance and exuviation can be achieved in the culture container with the culture container space k value of 29.23-59.19.
Drawings
FIG. 1: the experimental result chart of the survival, growth and molting of the young scylla paramamosain in example 1;
FIG. 2: a fitting curve graph of the specific growth rate and the illumination wavelength of the young scylla paramamosain;
FIG. 3: in the embodiment 2, a regression curve chart is fitted based on the optimal illumination intensity of the scylla paramamosain with a specific growth rate;
FIG. 4: the experimental result chart of the survival and growth of the scylla paramamosain in example 3;
FIG. 5: the experimental results of the survival, growth and molting of the scylla paramamosain in example 4 are shown.
Detailed Description
The method comprises the following steps:
1) LED lamps with different light colors (wavelengths) are erected at the top of each cultivation unit of the Scylla paramamosain, wherein the LED lamps respectively have a full spectrum, a purple light (405nm), a blue light (470nm), a cyan light (510nm), a green light (525nm), a yellow light (570nm) and a red light (625nm), the illumination intensity of each light color is 1W m-2, and the light cycle is 12L: 12D.
2) Based on the screening result of the step 1), determining a full-spectrum LED lamp as an optimal light source, setting an equal-difference illumination intensity gradient, and setting illumination intensities as 0,5,10,15,20,25 and 30W m-2(ii) a Screening the illumination intensity;
3) setting different illumination periods within a proper illumination intensity range based on the screening results of the steps 1) and 2), and setting an experimental illumination period of a.L: D (0: 24); l, D is 6: 18; c.L, D is 12: 12; d.L, D is 18: 6and e.L, D is 24: 0; screening the photoperiod;
4) setting the colors of the culture containers which are respectively red, yellow, green, blue, black and white under the condition of proper illumination environment based on the screening results of the step 1), the step 2) and the step 3).
5) Setting culture containers with k values of 4.42,17.67,39.76 and 70.68 of the ratio of the bottom area of the container to the width square of the shell of the Scylla paramamosain in the culture containers with proper light environment conditions and blue color based on the screening results of the step 1), the step 2), the step 3) and the step 4).
Feeding artificial mixed feed in the process of cultivating the young Scylla paramamosain in the steps 1) to 5).
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to examples and the accompanying drawings.
Example 1: screening of different wavelengths
1) The seawater is subjected to sand filtration and reverse osmosis to reach the specified experimental salinity (23-25ppt) and enters an independent culture unit. And the top of the culture unit is provided with a bracket for mounting an LED lamp.
2) The artificially cultured C1-stage scylla paramamosain (12.05 +/-2.15 mg) is used as an experimental material, and LED lamps at the top of the culture unit are started and respectively full-spectrum, purple light (405nm), blue light (470nm), cyan light (510nm), green light (525nm), yellow light (570nm) and red light (625nm), the light intensity of each light color is set to be 1W m-2, and the light cycle is 12L: 12D.
The cultivation frame where the cultivation unit is located is shielded from light by using shading cloth after being irradiated for 12 hours every day. Observing the molting condition of the Scylla paramamosain every day, and comprehensively evaluating the optimal light color (wavelength) for the growth of the Scylla paramamosain juvenile crabs by taking the specific growth rate and the molting frequency during the culture period as indexes after 8-week culture experiments;
(3) feeding artificial mixed feed in 5% of weight in culture period, performing sewage suction and water change to culture unit every day, wherein the temperature is 25-27 deg.C and salinity is 23-25pptThe content of ammonia nitrogen and nitrite is lower than 0.5mg L-1；
(4) 8 parts per day: 00, recording the molting condition of each experimental crab;
(5) after the crabs are cultured for 8 weeks, counting the number of the survival experimental crabs in each experimental group, weighing the weight of each experimental crab, and measuring the body length, the body width and the body height;
(6) the optimal growth long wavelength is obtained based on the quadratic regression curve by taking the specific growth rate as an index, the juvenile scylla paramamosain has the best growth performance under the wavelength condition, and the ecdysis of the juvenile scylla paramamosain can be promoted.
After 8 weeks of culture experiments, survival, growth, molting frequency and a three-time fitting regression curve of each experimental group are shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2. The result shows that the full spectrum, blue light and green light have higher composition activity rate, which is obviously higher than that of the violet light and yellow light, the weight gain rate and specific growth rate of the blue light group are higher, the molting frequency is the highest in the full spectrum and the green light, and the optimal growth illumination wavelength of the scylla paramamosain is 466.67nm based on the cubic regression curve fitting. Therefore, the embodiment determines that the full spectrum, blue light and green light are used as the light color of the production light in the process of cultivating the young Scylla paramamosain.
Example 2: screening of illumination intensity
Screening the influence of different illumination intensities on the survival, growth and molting of the scylla paramamosain comprises the following steps:
1) the top of the culture unit is provided with a bracket for mounting a full-spectrum LED lamp, an equal-difference illumination intensity gradient is set, and experimental illumination intensity is set to be 0,5,10,15,20,25 and 30W m-2；
2) The young scylla paramamosain (20.09 +/-3.17 mg) in the C2 stage is used as an experimental material, an LED lamp at the top of the culture unit is started, and the LED lamp irradiates for 12 hours every day to shade the culture shelf where the culture unit is located by using shading cloth. Observing the molting condition of the Scylla paramamosain every day, and after 8-week culture experiments, comprehensively evaluating the optimal illumination intensity range suitable for the growth of the Scylla paramamosain juvenile crabs based on a fitting regression model by taking the specific growth rate and the molting frequency during the culture as indexes;
3) feeding artificial mixed feed during the culture test period, wherein the feeding amount is 5% of the body weight, and feeding the culture units every daySewage suction and water change, the temperature is 25-27 ℃, the salinity is 23-25ppt, the contents of ammonia nitrogen and nitrite are lower than 0.5mg L during the culture period-1；
4) 8 parts per day: 00, recording the molting condition of each experimental crab;
5) after the crabs are cultured for 8 weeks, counting the number of the survival experimental crabs in each experimental group, weighing the weight of each experimental crab, and measuring the body length, the body width and the body height;
6) the optimal growth illumination intensity range is obtained based on the regression curve by taking the specific growth rate as an index, the juvenile scylla paramamosain has the best growth performance in the light intensity range, and the molting of the juvenile scylla paramamosain can be promoted.
As a result: after 8-week cultivation experiments, the optimal growth illumination intensity range of the young Scylla paramamosain is 11.36-18.27W m based on the regression curve-2. Therefore, the illumination intensity is 11.36-18.27W m in the process of cultivating the young Scylla paramamosain-2The full spectrum illumination of the light source can promote the growth and the exuviation of the young scylla paramamosain.
Survival, growth, sloughing and regression curves for each experimental group are shown in table 1 below.
Table 1: influence table of illumination intensity on growth performance and survival of scylla paramamosain
The analysis result of the regression curve shows that the optimal growth illumination intensity range of the young scylla paramamosain is 11.36-18.27W m-2。
Example 3: screening of photoperiods
Screening the influence of different lighting periods on the survival, growth and molting of the scylla paramamosain comprises the following steps:
1) the full-spectrum LED lamp is used as the only light source, and the illumination intensity is 12-15W m-2(ii) a Setting different illumination periods, namely 1) L, D is 0: 24; 2) l and D are 6: 18; 3) l and D are 12: 12; 4) l: D18: 6and 5) L: D24: 0,
2) taking young Scylla paramamosain (13.20 +/-2.48 mg) at the C1 stage as an experimental material;
3) feeding artificial mixed feed during culture test period, wherein the feeding amount is 5% of body weight, performing sewage suction and water change to culture units every day, the temperature is 25-27 deg.C during culture period, the salinity is 23-25ppt, and the content of ammonia nitrogen and nitrite is less than 0.5mg L-1；
4) 8 parts per day: 00, recording the molting condition of each experimental crab;
5) after the crabs are cultured for 8 weeks, counting the number of the survival experimental crabs in each experimental group, weighing the weight of each experimental crab, and measuring the body length, the body width and the body height;
6) the optimal growth illumination period range is obtained by taking the specific growth rate as an index, and the juvenile scylla paramamosain has the best growth performance within the light intensity period range.
As shown in figure 4, after 8 weeks of cultivation experiments, the light period is L: D ═ 12: 12, and L: D ═ 18: 6 is more beneficial to the growth of the young scylla paramamosain. Therefore, in the process of cultivating the young Scylla paramamosain, in order to improve the growth performance of the Scylla paramamosain, a lighting period of 12 to 18 hours is adopted.
Example 4: screening background color of breeding
The method for screening the survival, growth and molting of the background color of the aquaculture water body to the young Scylla paramamosain comprises the following steps:
1) temporarily culturing the young crabs in a plastic bucket for 3 days, selecting healthy, high-activity and complete-appendage green crab young crabs (0.02 +/-0.01 g) in a polyethylene culture container (inner size: 130mm × 83mm × 48 mm). The colors of the culture containers are red, yellow, green, blue, black and white respectively;
2) placing a young crab in each culture container, filtering and ultraviolet sterilizing seawater for culture, wherein the salinity is 22-25ppt, the temperature is 25-27 ℃, the dissolved oxygen is more than 6mg/L, the pH value is 8-8.5, and the Total Ammonia Nitrogen (TAN) is less than 0.5 mg/L;
3) feeding artificial compound feed during the culture test period, wherein the feeding amount is 5 percent of the weight, and carrying out sewage suction and water change on the culture units every day;
4) the molting condition of each experimental crab is recorded every day.
As shown in FIG. 5, the background color of the blue container can significantly improve the survival rate and the growth performance of the young Scylla paramamosain.
Example 5: screening of size k value of culture space
Determining the influence of the space size of a culture container on the survival and growth of the scylla paramamosain, comprising the following steps:
1) temporarily culturing the young crabs in a plastic bucket for 3 days, and selecting healthy, high-activity and complete-appendage-like young scylla paramamosain (0.14 +/-0.02 g) in polyethylene culture containers with different space sizes. The space size of the culture container is expressed by k value, and k is A/CW2A is the bottom area of the container, CW is the width of the crust, and k values are respectively set to be 4.42,17.67,39.76 and 70.68;
2) placing a young crab in each culture container, filtering and ultraviolet sterilizing seawater for culture, wherein the salinity is 16-17ppt, the temperature is 22-25 ℃, the dissolved oxygen is more than 6mg/L, the pH value is 8-8.5, and the Total Ammonia Nitrogen (TAN) is less than 0.1 mg/L;
3) feeding artificial compound feed during the culture test period, wherein the feeding amount is 5 percent of the weight, and carrying out sewage suction and water change on the culture units every day;
4) the molting condition of each experimental crab is recorded every day.
Therefore, the survival rate and the growth performance of the young Scylla paramamosain can be improved by setting the k value of the container space size to be 29.23-59.19.
The survival and growth results of each experimental group are shown in Table 2 below.
TABLE 2 influence of culture container space on the growth performance and survival of Scylla paramamosain
The results show that the artificial illumination, the background color of the culture container and the space size parameters are set in the process of cultivating the scylla paramamosain, so that the survival, growth and molting of the scylla paramamosain can be improved.
Example 6: application of established method to culture scylla paramamosain
1) The young crabs are temporarily cultured in a plastic bucket for 3 days, healthy, high-activity and complete-appendage green crab-like young crabs (28.33mg) are selected to be placed in blue culture containers, and each culture container is divided into 9 independent culture units (10 x 10) by plastic partition plates.
2) Placing a young crab in each culture unit, filtering and ultraviolet sterilizing seawater for culture, wherein the salinity is 23-25ppt, the temperature is 22-25 ℃, the dissolved oxygen is more than 6mg/L, the pH value is 7.5-8.5, and the Total Ammonia Nitrogen (TAN) is less than 0.1 mg/L;
3) the juvenile scylla paramamosain at C2 stage is used as experimental material (initial weight is 28.33mg), a full-spectrum LED lamp is used as a unique light source, and the illumination intensity is 12W m-2The photoperiod is 12L:12D, the background color of the culture container is blue, and the initial k value is 126.5. And (4) breeding the experimental crabs in the control group under the dark condition, and comparing and observing the difference of the growth and molting of the young scylla paramamosain between the two groups.
4) Feeding artificial compound feed for 1 time every day during the culture test, wherein the feeding amount is 5 percent of the weight, and carrying out sewage suction and water change on culture units every day;
5) the survival and molting conditions of each experimental crab are recorded every day.
The results show that: compared with the control group, the activity rate and the ecdysone interval of the test composition from C2 to C4 have no significant difference, but the growth performance (terminal weight, weight gain rate and specific growth rate) of the test group is significantly higher than that of the control group (Table 3) at the mean level.
Table 3: influence table of environmental factors on growth performance, survival and molting of scylla paramamosain
The results show that the method can effectively promote the growth of the scylla paramamosain.
Claims (6)
1. A method for promoting the growth and the molting of young Scylla paramamosain is characterized in that the young Scylla paramamosain is cultured in a blue background culture water body, and a full-spectrum light source is used as a light source for culture.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the light source has an illumination intensity of 11.36 to 18.27W m-2。
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the illumination time of the light source is 12 to 18 hours.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the culture vessel has a k-value of 29.23 to 59.19.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the salinity of the seawater in the cultivation method is 23-25 ppt.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the seawater temperature in the cultivation method is 25-27 ℃.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN116391657A (en) * | 2023-05-18 | 2023-07-07 | 盐池县怡健生物工程有限公司 | Scylla paramamosain breeding device |
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