CN114287447A - Biological control method for bamboo forest wireworms - Google Patents
Biological control method for bamboo forest wireworms Download PDFInfo
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- CN114287447A CN114287447A CN202111411712.9A CN202111411712A CN114287447A CN 114287447 A CN114287447 A CN 114287447A CN 202111411712 A CN202111411712 A CN 202111411712A CN 114287447 A CN114287447 A CN 114287447A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a biological control method of bamboo forest wireworms, which comprises the following steps: in the damage period of the golden insects, the metarhizium anisopliae granules are applied to the bamboo shoot forest land to prevent and control the golden insects; the metarhizium anisopliae granules are prepared by compounding metarhizium anisopliae (Metarhizium pingshaense) WP08 strain with light calcium carbonate after solid fermentation, wherein the spore content is 30-60 hundred million spores/g, the activity rate is more than or equal to 90%, the mixed bacteria rate is less than or equal to 5%, and the storage stability is more than or equal to 80%. According to the activity rule of the bamboo forest wireworms, the invention specifically controls the wireworms in the bamboo forest by adopting the metarhizium anisopliae granules, has definite control targeting, strong specificity and good control effect, ensures the safety of bamboo shoot food and planting environment, can realize 100% substitution of chemical pesticides, and improves the yield and quality of the bamboo shoots.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of biological control, and particularly relates to a biological control method for bamboo forest wireworms.
Background
Bamboo is an important forest resource in China, and occupies a great position in the economic development of forestry in China due to the unique growth adaptability and the economic value of the bamboo. Bamboo shoots are the most critical link in the growth and development process of bamboos and are the basis for the renewal and continuation of bamboo forests. Meanwhile, bamboo shoots (and products thereof) are excellent dietary fibers and forest vegetables.
The bamboo forest wireworms are the most harmful pests in the bamboo shoot period in the current bamboo shoot forests. Taking Zhejiang province as an example, in 2010, the bamboo forest golden insects sporadically outbreak to the whole area from a few bamboo producing areas such as Linan and Deqing, and the economic loss is thousands of RMB because of the harm of the golden insects every year. In the early bamboo forest, the insect carrying rate of the fresh bamboo shoots can reach 62 percent, the yield and the quality of the bamboo shoots are seriously influenced, more importantly, the damage rate of the planted bamboo shoots is more than 80 percent and even reaches 100 percent, the large-area decline of the bamboo forest is caused, and the healthy development of the bamboo industry is restricted. In addition, the bamboo forest golden insects have long activity and harm period and strong concealment in the underground, the population dynamic monitoring and control are always difficult points of forest protection work, and the current control method mainly based on chemical control is easy to cause a series of ecological problems such as food pesticide pollution, soil pollution and the like. In view of this, research and development and application of a safe, efficient and environment-friendly bamboo forest needle worm efficient biological control technology are in the forefront.
The application of entomogenous fungi for pest control is an important means for biological control. Metarhizium anisopliae is one of entomogenous fungi which are researched and applied most in the world at present, various metarhizium anisopliae preparations for controlling important agricultural pests such as locusts, grubs and the like have been developed at home and abroad, but the metarhizium anisopliae preparation for controlling wireworms is rarely reported. In recent years, the countries such as Canada and the like develop the destruxin preparation for preventing and controlling the potato wireworms Agriotes obscurus, but the destruxin has no obvious toxicity to the wireworms in bamboo groves in China, and the China has no report of high-efficiency destruxin preparation for the wireworms.
Chinese patent publication No. CN105918355A discloses a special destruxins insecticide for controlling leptospira borealis, which comprises phoxim, Metarhizium anisopliae (Metarhizium anisopliae), bitter gourd extract, cyrtomium rhizome powder, indolebutyric acid, the insecticide has good control effect on pests in wheat planting field, and has no toxicity to common pests in wheat planting field: the prevention effect of the cutworm, the mole cricket, the grub and the cutworm respectively reaches 97.5 to 99.8 percent, 94.9 to 98.4 percent and 93.2 to 96.7 percent.
Chinese patent document with publication number CN106479904A discloses a Metarhizium anisopliae and application thereof, the Metarhizium anisopliae is obtained by separating larva bodies of scarab beetles infected by fungi, the preservation number is CGMCC 12765, the Metarhizium anisopliae can be used for preparing pesticides, and the pesticides prepared from the strain have effective control effect on hemiptera pests, lepidoptera pests, diptera pests, orthoptera pests, coleoptera pests, isoptera pests, arachnidae pests and other pests.
Chinese patent publication No. CN106472086A discloses a method for controlling dendrocalamus latiflorus insects, which comprises the steps of clearing the garden in winter, loosening the soil in winter, fertilizing, trapping and killing with black light lamps, controlling with chemicals, digging bamboo shoots and removing insects, and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention specifically controls the golden insects in the bamboo forest by adopting the beauveria bassiana WP08 strain prepared flat beauveria bassiana granules, provides a biological control method for the golden insects in the bamboo forest, has the advantages of simple application, environmental protection, no toxicity or residue, excellent control effect and capability of realizing 100% substitution of chemical pesticides.
The technical scheme is as follows:
a biological control method of bamboo forest wireworms comprises the following steps:
in the damage period of the golden insects, the metarhizium anisopliae granules are applied to the bamboo shoot forest land to prevent and control the golden insects; the metarhizium anisopliae granules are prepared by compounding metarhizium anisopliae (Metarhizium pingshaense) WP08 strain with light calcium carbonate after solid fermentation.
The metarhizium anisopliae WP08 strain is selected from subtropical forestry research institute of China forestry scientific research institute, is preserved in China general microbiological culture Collection center (CGMCC) for 6 and 9 days in 2021, has a preservation address of No. 3 of Beijing Kogyo Beichen Xilu No. 1, and has a preservation number of CGMCC No. 22474. The strain of metarhizium anisopliae WP08 is obtained by separating corpses of brood beetle larvae (i.e. wireworms) infected with fungi.
The metarhizium anisopliae WP08 strain has high toxic effect on the bamboo forest wireworms, has good lodging capability in soil, has excellent control effect on the bamboo forest wireworms, is safe to people and other organisms, has lasting control effect, is non-toxic and residue-free, has strong specificity on the bamboo forest wireworms, is easy to be matched with other control measures in a synergistic way, and can save resources.
Preferably, the metarhizium anisopliae WP08 strain is fermented by taking rice and vermiculite as carriers, the mass ratio of the rice to the vermiculite is 1:2, and the strain inoculation amount is 10mL/100g of carriers. In the spore production process of the metarhizium anisopliae, the mycelium can further produce conidia only by contacting with air, the addition of vermiculite can improve the air permeability of a fermentation substrate, and rice is used as a nutrient substance, so that spore production is easy due to the granular characteristic.
Preferably, the metarhizium anisopliae WP08 strain is subjected to solid fermentation and then is compounded with light calcium carbonate in a mass ratio of 10: 1-10 to obtain the metarhizium anisopliae granules. Firstly, the light calcium carbonate can promote spore germination and hypha growth of the beauveria bassiana, on one hand, the light calcium carbonate can improve the pH value of the bamboo forest soil and is suitable for spore germination of the beauveria bassiana WP08 strain, on the other hand, the light calcium carbonate can also provide calcium elements and is beneficial to spore germination and hypha growth of the beauveria bassiana; secondly, the light calcium carbonate reacts with acid in the soil to generate corresponding calcium salt and simultaneously releases CO2The golden insects are trapped and collected, so that the contact probability of the golden insects with the metarhizium anisopliae is increased, and the insecticidal effect is improved.
Further preferably, the metarhizium anisopliae WP08 strain is subjected to solid fermentation and then is compounded with light calcium carbonate according to the mass ratio of 10:2 to obtain the metarhizium anisopliae granules.
Preferably, the damage period of the wireworms is selected from the last ten days of 4 to 5 or the last ten days of 10 to 10, and the application mode is furrow application or plowing after broadcasting. The application of the strain can ensure that the bamboo forest golden insects fully contact with the thalli in the feeding process when the bamboo forest golden insects feed in shallow soil, thereby achieving the best control effect.
The bamboo shoot forest lands comprise, but are not limited to, phyllostachys praecox forest lands, high-knot bamboo forest lands and early-garden bamboo forest lands, and the distribution areas are southern areas such as Zhejiang, Fujian, Anhui and Jiangxi in China.
Preferably, the spore content of the metarhizium anisopliae granules is 30-60 hundred million spores/g, the active spore rate is more than or equal to 90%, the mixed fungus rate is less than or equal to 5%, and the storage stability is more than or equal to 80%.
Preferably, the application amount of the metarhizium anisopliae granules is 1.5-4.0 kg per mu. The low application amount can cause the low content of the metarhizium anisopliae spores in the soil, thereby reducing the contact rate of the metarhizium anisopliae spores and the spore attachment amount on the body surface and slowing down the insecticidal effect; too high application amount can increase the control cost.
Further preferably, the application amount of the metarhizium anisopliae granules is 2.5kg per mu.
Preferably, the sandaranthus planiformis granule is continuously applied to the forest land for bamboo shoots for more than or equal to 1 year to prevent and treat the wireworms, the continuous application of the bacteria can ensure that the strain of the sandaranthus planiformis WP08 is colonized in the soil, the effective concentration of the surviving strain of the sandaranthus planiformis WP08 in the soil is maintained to a certain degree, and the damage of the wireworms in the soil can be better prevented and treated.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the invention specifically controls the golden insects in the bamboo forest by adopting the metarhizium anisopliae granules, the metarhizium anisopliae granules are prepared by compounding metarhizium anisopliae WP08 strain with strong pathogenicity to the golden insects in the bamboo forest after solid fermentation with light calcium carbonate, and the light calcium carbonate can promote spore germination and hypha growth of the metarhizium anisopliae and trap the golden insects to a certain extent, so that the method has good control effect on the golden insects in the bamboo forest.
(2) According to the activity rule of the bamboo forest wireworms, the invention applies the bacteria when the bamboo forest wireworms in the bamboo shoot period actively feed in the shallow soil, so that the wireworms fully contact with the bacteria in the feeding process, the control targeting is clear, the specificity is strong, and the optimal control effect can be achieved.
(3) The method disclosed by the invention is simple to apply, environment-friendly, green and safe, has a good control effect, guarantees the safety of bamboo shoot food and planting environment, can realize 100% substitution of chemical pesticides, and improves the yield and quality of bamboo shoots.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows the control effect of chlorpyrifos granule, wherein A is the change of the damage rate of fresh bamboo shoots and B is the change of the density of insect population; wherein a, b, c, ab represent significant differences at the 0.05 level.
FIG. 2 shows the control effect of the application of the metarhizium anisopliae granules, wherein A is the change of the damage rate of the fresh bamboo shoots, and B is the change of the insect population density; wherein a, b, c, ab represent significant differences at the 0.05 level.
Detailed Description
The invention is further elucidated with reference to the figures and the examples. It should be understood that these examples are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
Example 1 preparation of Beauveria bassiana granules
The method comprises the steps of taking rice and vermiculite with a mass ratio of 5:10, sterilizing for 100 minutes under high pressure, inoculating metarhizium anisopliae with a liquid strain inoculation amount of 10% (mL/g), adjusting the water content of a carrier matrix to 70% by adopting sterile water, loading the culture matrix into a culture tank with a loading amount of 1/2, performing solid state fermentation for 14 days in an aseptic constant temperature and humidity culture chamber at 25 ℃, wherein an important link exists, namely after the fermentation matrix is covered by mycelia to be grown, the culture tank needs to be vibrated to enable the mycelia to be fully dispersed, and the spore yield can be improved by 50% through the operation. Compounding the fermented product with light calcium carbonate at a ratio of 10:2 to obtain metarhizium anisopliae granules, sealing with a vacuum sealing machine, and storing at 15 deg.C.
Through determination, the quality parameters of the metarhizium anisopliae granules are as follows: the spore content is 30-60 hundred million spores/g, the active spore rate is more than or equal to 90 percent, the mixed bacteria rate is less than or equal to 5 percent, and the storage stability is more than or equal to 80 percent.
Example 2 application of Beauveria bassiana granules
In the late 4 th month to the early 5 th month, the green muscat fungus agent is applied in the period of turning over the bamboo forest land in 37.5kg/hm2(i.e., 2.5 kg/acre). The application method adopts furrow application, wherein the width of each furrow is 20cm, the distance between the furrows is 50-80 cm, the depth of each furrow is 20-30 cm, the microbial inoculum and the sandy soil are uniformly mixed according to the mass ratio of 1:5, then the mixture is applied into the furrows and covered with soil, and the microbial inoculum and the fertilizer can be mixed and applied together when in the application; the fertilizer is applied once more from 10 last to 10 last of the same year.
Example 3 comparison of control efficacy of Beauveria bassiana granules and Chlorpyrifos granules
The test forest land is located in Mincun mountain of Deqing county, Huzhou, Zhejiang province, and the bamboo species is early garden bamboo. Two different test control areas for applying metarhizium anisopliae granules and chlorpyrifos granules are arranged, the area of each area is 20m multiplied by 20m, and the blank without treatment is used as a control, and each treatment is repeated for 3 times. The test zones are separated by 5 m. The method of administering the metarhizium anisopliae granules is described in example 2. The chlorpyrifos granule is applied by broadcasting during plowing, the application amount is 2.5 kg/mu, the metarhizium anisopliae granule is continuously applied for three years, and the chlorpyrifos granule is continuously applied for four years.
Before the test, periodically (every 7d) surveying data such as the damage rate of bamboo shoots in different manners, the rate of bamboo shoot retreating of the planted bamboo shoots and the like from the middle ten days of 3 months to the middle ten days of 4 months; during investigation, a certain number of bamboo shoots are randomly selected for excavation investigation, whether the bamboo shoots are damaged by the wireworms or not is determined according to damage states, and the sampling number of each sample of field bamboo shoots is not less than 20 when the damage rate of the fresh bamboo shoots is investigated. Meanwhile, the population density of the golden insects in each test sample plot is investigated and counted, 5 small sample squares with the area of 1.0m multiplied by 1.0m and the depth of 25cm are taken in each sample plot by an S-line method, the number of the golden insects in the bamboo forest in the excavated soil squares is counted and recorded as the population density.
After the test, the population density and the bamboo shoot damage rate were investigated in the test sample plot and the control sample plot every 3 months, 31-4 months and 1 day, and the investigation method was the same as above. And (3) counting the control effect, wherein the control effect is calculated as follows: the prevention and treatment effect P (%) - (1-TCK)0/T0CK). times.100. Wherein: t is the hazard rate of the control area during control effect inspection, T0The hazard rate base number of the control area, CK is the hazard rate of the control area during control effect inspection, CK0The base hazard rate of the control area is shown.
Control effects of chlorpyrifos granule application and metarhizium anisopliae granule application are shown in the figures 1 and 2, wherein A in the figure 1 is the influence of chlorpyrifos granule application on the damage rate of fresh bamboo shoots, B in the figure 1 is the influence of chlorpyrifos granule application on the insect population density, A in the figure 2 is the influence of metarhizium anisopliae granule application on the damage rate of fresh bamboo shoots, and B in the figure 2 is the influence of metarhizium anisopliae granule application on the insect population density.
The results show that the chlorpyrifos granules are continuously applied for 4 years to prevent and treat the bamboo forest wireworms, the damage rate of the fresh bamboo shoots is reduced from 69.62 +/-5.36 percent before prevention to 21.17 +/-7.65 percent, and the prevention and treatment effect reaches 70.11 percent; the density of the population of the insects is also reduced from 1.55 +/-0.22 heads/bamboo shoot to 0.62 +/-0.18 heads/bamboo shoot. Continuously applying the metarhizium anisopliae granules for 3 years, reducing the damage rate of the fresh bamboo shoots from 64.08 percent before control to 9.27 percent, and achieving the control effect of 88.65 percent; the population density of the insects is 0.91 head/plant before control-1Reduced to 0.32 head/plant-1. Immediate application of metarhizium anisopliaeThe granule (lasting for 3 years) is more effective in preventing and treating bamboo forest wireworms than chemical control, and can completely replace chemical pesticides.
Example 4 controlling Effect of 1 year Using Pingsha Metarrhizium anisopliae granules
The test shows that the forest lands are located in Chandipan village and Qinghe village in the Fuyang region of Hangzhou city in Zhejiang province, and the implementation area exceeds 5 mu. The method for applying the bacteria is the same as the example 2, the method for investigating the damage rate and the population density of the fresh bamboo shoots is the same as the example 3, and the control effect is shown in tables 1 and 2, wherein forest stand parameters such as the planting age, the coverage condition, the standing bamboo density and the management condition of the bamboo forest in the comparison sample and the bacteria application sample are basically consistent. The No. 1 pattern is not covered, and the No.2 pattern is covered.
TABLE 1 biological control effect of Flammulina velutipes in Changchun bamboo groves in Fuyang district
TABLE 2 biological control effect of golden bamboo forest in Qinghe village in Fuyang district
The results show that: the metarhizium anisopliae granules are applied to prevent and treat the bamboo forest wireworms for 1 year, and the damage rate of the fresh bamboo shoots and the population density of the bamboo forest wireworms can be obviously reduced. In the long pan village test point, the control effect of the covered land reaches 56.69%, and the control effect of the non-covered land reaches 67.73%. At any test point, the damage rate of the fresh bamboo shoots in a strain application sample plot is only 0.67 percent, and the insect population density is 0.01 head-bamboo shoots-1The prevention and treatment effect reaches 98.33%.
The embodiments described above are intended to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention in detail, and it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are only specific embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention, and any modification, supplement or similar substitution made within the scope of the principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A biological control method of bamboo forest wireworms is characterized by comprising the following steps:
in the damage period of the golden insects, the metarhizium anisopliae granules are applied to the bamboo shoot forest land to prevent and control the golden insects;
the metarhizium anisopliae granules are prepared by compounding metarhizium anisopliae WP08 strain with light calcium carbonate after solid fermentation.
2. The biological control method of bamboo forest wireworms, as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the metarhizium anisopliae WP08 strain is selected from subtropical forestry research institute of China forestry science research institute, is preserved in China general microbiological culture Collection center (CGMCC No. 22474) at 2021 year 6-9 months with the preservation number of CGMCC No. 22474.
3. The biological control method of bamboo forest wireworms, according to claim 1, characterized in that the beauveria bassiana WP08 strain is fermented with rice and vermiculite as carriers, the mass ratio of the rice to the vermiculite is 1:2, and the strain inoculation amount is 10mL/100g of carriers.
4. The biological control method of bamboo forest wireworms, according to claim 1, is characterized in that the beauveria bassiana WP08 strain is subjected to solid fermentation and then is compounded with light calcium carbonate in a mass ratio of 10: 1-10 to obtain the beauveria bassiana granules.
5. The biological control method of bamboo forest wireworms as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that the Beauveria bassiana WP08 strain is subjected to solid fermentation and then is mixed with light calcium carbonate according to the mass ratio of 10:2 to obtain the metarhizium anisopliae granules.
6. The method for biologically controlling golden larch in bamboo groves according to claim 1, wherein the damage period of golden larch is selected from the last ten (4) to the last 5) or the last 10 to the last 10, and the method is furrow application or plowing after broadcasting.
7. The biological control method of bamboo forest wireworms, as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the Pingsha bassiana granules contain spores of 30-60 hundred million/g, the viable spore rate is not less than 90%, the mixed fungus rate is not more than 5%, and the storage stability is not less than 80%.
8. The biological control method of bamboo forest wireworms, according to claim 1, characterized in that the application amount of the metarhizium anisopliae granules is 1.5-4.0 kg per mu.
9. The biological control method of bamboo forest wireworms according to claim 8, characterized in that the application amount of the metarhizium anisopliae granules is 2.5kg per mu.
10. The biological control method of bamboo forest wireworms as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the flat green muscardine fungus granules are continuously applied in the bamboo shoot forest for more than or equal to 1 year to control wireworms.
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| CN117136968A (en) * | 2022-09-15 | 2023-12-01 | 慕恩（北京）生物科技有限公司 | Composite microbial composition and application thereof |
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