CN114276187B - Carbon-based seaweed silicon-selenium suspension fertilizer, preparation method thereof and application thereof in rice selenium-enriched cadmium reduction - Google Patents
Carbon-based seaweed silicon-selenium suspension fertilizer, preparation method thereof and application thereof in rice selenium-enriched cadmium reduction Download PDFInfo
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- CN114276187B CN114276187B CN202111612427.3A CN202111612427A CN114276187B CN 114276187 B CN114276187 B CN 114276187B CN 202111612427 A CN202111612427 A CN 202111612427A CN 114276187 B CN114276187 B CN 114276187B
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- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 130
- 241001474374 Blennius Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 82
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 78
- 239000011669 selenium Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 78
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 75
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 74
- BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N Selenium Chemical compound [Se] BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 74
- OHKMFOAYJDGMHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Si].[Se] Chemical compound [Si].[Se] OHKMFOAYJDGMHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 71
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 71
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 55
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 title claims description 3
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 title abstract description 6
- 239000000375 suspending agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 92
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000003431 cross linking reagent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicic acid Chemical compound O[Si](O)(O)O RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229940082569 selenite Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- MCAHWIHFGHIESP-UHFFFAOYSA-L selenite(2-) Chemical compound [O-][Se]([O-])=O MCAHWIHFGHIESP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 33
- AUNGANRZJHBGPY-SCRDCRAPSA-N Riboflavin Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)CN1C=2C=C(C)C(C)=CC=2N=C2C1=NC(=O)NC2=O AUNGANRZJHBGPY-SCRDCRAPSA-N 0.000 claims description 32
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- AUNGANRZJHBGPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N D-Lyxoflavin Natural products OCC(O)C(O)C(O)CN1C=2C=C(C)C(C)=CC=2N=C2C1=NC(=O)NC2=O AUNGANRZJHBGPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 229960002477 riboflavin Drugs 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000002151 riboflavin Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 235000019192 riboflavin Nutrition 0.000 claims description 16
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- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- -1 potassium ferricyanide Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 9
- ONCZQWJXONKSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N dialuminum;disodium;oxygen(2-);silicon(4+);hydrate Chemical compound O.[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Na+].[Na+].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Si+4].[Si+4].[Si+4].[Si+4] ONCZQWJXONKSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 229940080314 sodium bentonite Drugs 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910000280 sodium bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims description 2
- LFVGISIMTYGQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].OP(O)([O-])=O LFVGISIMTYGQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000387 ammonium dihydrogen phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
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- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- ZPWVASYFFYYZEW-UHFFFAOYSA-L dipotassium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].OP([O-])([O-])=O ZPWVASYFFYYZEW-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019837 monoammonium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000402 monopotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019796 monopotassium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid;potassium Chemical compound [K].OP(O)(O)=O PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000209094 Oryza Species 0.000 abstract description 54
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 26
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 abstract description 26
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
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- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 67
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 31
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 25
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- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- IXPNQXFRVYWDDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methyl-2,4-dioxo-1,3-diazinane-5-carboximidamide Chemical compound CN1CC(C(N)=N)C(=O)NC1=O IXPNQXFRVYWDDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 206010039921 Selenium deficiency Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 208000005882 cadmium poisoning Diseases 0.000 description 3
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- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000007726 management method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000010413 sodium alginate Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000000661 sodium alginate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229940005550 sodium alginate Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 229920001661 Chitosan Polymers 0.000 description 2
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004115 Sodium Silicate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- IJKVHSBPTUYDLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dihydroxy(oxo)silane Chemical compound O[Si](O)=O IJKVHSBPTUYDLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 description 2
- BVTBRVFYZUCAKH-UHFFFAOYSA-L disodium selenite Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Se]([O-])=O BVTBRVFYZUCAKH-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 230000037406 food intake Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium nitrate Chemical compound [K+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229960001471 sodium selenite Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000011781 sodium selenite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000015921 sodium selenite Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052911 sodium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- FHVDTGUDJYJELY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-{[2-carboxy-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(phosphanyloxy)oxan-3-yl]oxy}-4,5-dihydroxy-3-phosphanyloxane-2-carboxylic acid Chemical compound O1C(C(O)=O)C(P)C(O)C(O)C1OC1C(C(O)=O)OC(OP)C(O)C1O FHVDTGUDJYJELY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000005623 Carcinogenesis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- AEMOLEFTQBMNLQ-BZINKQHNSA-N D-Guluronic Acid Chemical compound OC1O[C@H](C(O)=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O AEMOLEFTQBMNLQ-BZINKQHNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AEMOLEFTQBMNLQ-VANFPWTGSA-N D-mannopyranuronic acid Chemical compound OC1O[C@H](C(O)=O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H]1O AEMOLEFTQBMNLQ-VANFPWTGSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000035240 Disease Resistance Diseases 0.000 description 1
- IAJILQKETJEXLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Galacturonsaeure Natural products O=CC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)=O IAJILQKETJEXLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930191978 Gibberellin Natural products 0.000 description 1
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- 239000005909 Kieselgur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000031320 Teratogenesis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 244000269722 Thea sinensis Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000021307 Triticum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 235000010443 alginic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920000615 alginic acid Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- APAWRDGVSNYWSL-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenic cadmium Chemical compound [As].[Cd] APAWRDGVSNYWSL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- AEMOLEFTQBMNLQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N beta-D-galactopyranuronic acid Natural products OC1OC(C(O)=O)C(O)C(O)C1O AEMOLEFTQBMNLQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000012631 food intake Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000014509 gene expression Effects 0.000 description 1
- IXORZMNAPKEEDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N gibberellic acid GA3 Natural products OC(=O)C1C2(C3)CC(=C)C3(O)CCC2C2(C=CC3O)C1C3(C)C(=O)O2 IXORZMNAPKEEDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003448 gibberellin Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000003734 kidney Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004185 liver Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229940099596 manganese sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011702 manganese sulphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000007079 manganese sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001863 plant nutrition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001184 polypeptide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000010333 potassium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004323 potassium nitrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940093928 potassium nitrate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000004382 potting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002028 premature Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 102000004196 processed proteins & peptides Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000765 processed proteins & peptides Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 239000001397 quillaja saponaria molina bark Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000005837 radical ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229930182490 saponin Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000007949 saponins Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QYHFIVBSNOWOCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N selenic acid Chemical compound O[Se](O)(=O)=O QYHFIVBSNOWOCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004599 sodium borate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000019795 sodium metasilicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000010339 sodium tetraborate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000701 toxic element Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- BSVBQGMMJUBVOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N trisodium borate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]B([O-])[O-] BSVBQGMMJUBVOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc sulfate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229960001763 zinc sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910000368 zinc sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
Abstract
The invention discloses a carbon-based seaweed silicon-selenium suspension fertilizer, a preparation method thereof and application thereof in rice selenium-enriched cadmium reduction. The fertilizer is prepared by dispersing seaweed carbon-based cross-linking agent and selenite in a mixture solution of silicic acid sol and ammonia to form a suspending agent, adding a large amount of element fertilizer, and fully mixing. Through the mutual crosslinking of silicic acid colloid, seaweed carbon-based material and clay substance, a network-like compact space is formed, and the dynamic stable fluid is formed, so that functional substances in the suspended fertilizer can be stably dispersed in the fertilizer for a long time. The method can prepare the seaweed carbon-based silicon-selenium suspension fertilizer with high silicon and selenium content and high effectiveness, and simultaneously has the advantages of supplying a large amount of elements and having excellent stability and suspension property. The fertilizer is sprayed on the leaf surfaces of rice growing in cadmium-polluted soil respectively in the tillering stage and the grouting stage and applied once in combination with the rhizosphere ditching ring, so that the cadmium absorption of the rice is reduced by 21.0-63.9%, and the selenium content of the rice is increased by 42.0-119%.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the fields of crop cultivation, plant nutrition and fertilizer industry, in particular to a carbon-based seaweed silicon-selenium suspension fertilizer, a preparation method thereof and application thereof in rice selenium-enriched cadmium reduction.
Background
Cadmium (Cd) is a non-necessary toxic element for organisms, has a damaging effect on bones, livers, kidneys and other organs of a human body, and also has teratogenesis and carcinogenesis risks. The biological half-life of cadmium is 10-30 years; even if ingestion is stopped, a relatively high proportion of cadmium remains in the human body. Cadmium can enter the body from contaminated soil and water through the food chain and become enriched, causing chronic poisoning. Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is used as a staple food for Chinese residents and is also the most common daily cadmium exposure source for the general population. There are 2786km nationwide 2 Is polluted by cadmium; according to the investigation in 2014 of the environmental protection department, the cadmium content of 19.4% exceeds the standard, the point position exceeding rate is 7%, and the rate of severe pollution (exceeding the standard by more than five times) is as high as 0.5%. According to the investigation of the Ministry of original health in 2012, about 10% of rice has cadmium content exceeding the limit of 0.2mg/kg on the market; and the cadmium standard exceeding rate of the grain obtained by field sampling is higher than 56%. Therefore, the realization of reducing the cadmium intake of the human body from the source of reducing the cadmium content of the food is the key for reducing the cadmium poisoning risk of the human body.
Measures for reducing cadmium accumulation of rice include soil improvement, field management, breeding of low accumulation varieties, fertilizer application, bioactive substances and the like. The application of the fertilizer containing selenium and silicon can reduce cadmium accumulation in rice, and has the advantages of simplicity, practicability, sustainable play of cadmium reduction effect and the like.
Selenium is a trace element necessary for human body, and has important effect on improving oxidation resistance and immunity of cells. Food intake is the main way for the human body to acquire selenium; however, the current Chinese selenium deficiency saves 22 times, and 72 percent of land has the problem of selenium deficiency, wherein 30 percent of areas are severely selenium deficiency; the population living in the selenium-deficient area is 7 hundred million, so that most of the Chinese residents still lack the level of selenium which is ingested by daily routine diet at present, and the people need to be supplemented by nutrition-enhanced foods. As the gramineous crops such as rice, wheat and the like are used as staple food, the daily eating amount is large, and the edible selenium-rich agricultural products can meet the daily selenium intake requirement with lower selenium content per unit mass. While the selenium content of plant-derived foods depends on the effective selenium content of the soil in which they are grown, rice is not a high-accumulation plant of selenium and a scientific fertilization method is required to obtain rice with high selenium content. Meanwhile, the rice is rich in selenium, and has the dual effects of directly reducing cadmium accumulation of rice plants, relieving cadmium poisoning and relieving the cadmium poisoning to human bodies by supplementing selenium elements. Although silicon is considered as a beneficial nutrient element for plants, silicon has an importance close to essential elements for gramineous plants such as rice, and has an important role in maintaining the mechanical strength of cell walls, stalk erection, lodging resistance, insect resistance, disease resistance and the like. The existing researches show that after the fertilizer containing two elements of selenium and silicon is sprayed on leaf surfaces, the fertilizer can obviously promote the growth of crops, inhibit the absorption and accumulation of cadmium by crops, control the transportation of cadmium to the overground parts of plants, relieve the toxic action of cadmium and increase the selenium content of crops.
In order to realize enrichment of the two elements in rice plants and reduce cadmium accumulation by supplementing selenium and silicon, various solutions have been proposed at home and abroad. A series of macro-and trace-element compound fertilizers containing selenite are proposed by ZL 20110326030.8, ZL 20110326057.7 and ZL 20110397045.3. Several approaches to increase rice selenium content by nano-selenium and selenium in the form of amino acids, polypeptides or proteins have been reported in ZL201310061120.8 and CN110511088a, CN111533602A, CN111732488a, CN111732486 a. EP3569584A1 discloses a solution for enriching cereals with selenium using inorganic selenium silicate. CN110746228A discloses a macroelement fertilizer containing silica and organically bound selenium. ZL201410262717.3 describes a macroelement coated fertilizer that uses chitosan films to control the release of silicon selenium. ZL201410677008.1 and ZL201510197139.4 report fertilizers using microbial and enzymatic extracts to enhance the bioavailability of silicon and selenium. ZL 201210186339.6,ZL 201210186356.X,ZL 201210186343.2 introduces a series of technical schemes for realizing selenium enrichment of rice by using large, medium and trace element fertilizers containing clay minerals. CN111763119a discloses a inhibitor for preventing transportation of cadmium into seeds by fixing cadmium in rice stem and leaf cells using sodium selenite in combination with sodium metasilicate, amino acid, surfactant, etc. Three selenium-silicon compound foliar fertilizers with the effect of reducing the accumulation of cadmium in rice are reported in CN111470897A, CN111528230A and CN111646843A, wherein sodium silicate and selenic acid are used, and chitosan, tea saponin and a large amount of trace element fertilizer are used as auxiliary fertilizers. CN111631218A discloses a rice cadmium reducing agent suitable for unmanned aerial vehicle spraying and containing amino acid, selenium, manganese sulfate, zinc sulfate, potassium nitrate and sodium borate. CN110105139a reports a selenium-rich nutritional regulator containing diatomaceous earth, nitrate and gibberellin, which can reduce the heavy metal content of rice. It is worth noting that ZL 201310737996.X discloses a selenium doped nano silica sol capable of inhibiting rice heavy metal absorption and accumulation to produce selenium-enriched rice and a preparation method thereof, ZL201610119054.9 (US 10420291B 2) introduces a foliar barrier agent containing nano selenium and acidic silicic acid for accurately regulating and controlling rice cadmium absorption and transportation related gene expression, and ZL 201810816835.2 proposes a technical scheme for applying a three-layer coated arsenic-cadmium passivating agent containing selenium silica sol in transplanting, tillering, booting and grouting periods to reduce soil heavy metal activity and rice heavy metal accumulation.
However, most of the current fertilizers on the market have single nutrient components, and the requirement of the fertilizer and other fertilizer application methods can be met; and the lack of components capable of controlling nutrient release easily causes premature loss of nutrients. Meanwhile, the conventional selenium fertilizer is easily influenced by external pH and redox environment to change valence state, so that fertilizer efficiency is influenced and even toxic action is generated, and in addition, the conventional silicon fertilizer also has the problems of poor solubility and easy solution coagulation under the weak acidic to neutral condition. Although the zero-valent nano selenium can overcome the potential toxic effect of excessive selenium on crops, the biological effectiveness of the nano selenium is not as good as that of acid radical ion state and organic amino acid state.
In conclusion, the research and development of the fertilizer which is rich in selenium, reduces cadmium and maintains the normal yield of the rice are considered, and the fertilizer has important significance for the production of the rice.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects and shortcomings in the prior art, one of the purposes of the invention is to provide a carbon-based seaweed silicon-selenium suspension fertilizer. The fertilizer takes ammonia-silicon-selenium sol and macroelement fertilizer as main fertilizer effect substances; the silica selenium sol has the function of improving the stability of the suspension fertilizer under the condition of high nutrient concentration together with the seaweed carbon-based cross-linking agent. By adding the macroelement fertilizer, the invention can reduce the absorption of heavy metals by crops, improve the effective selenium absorbed by plants, increase the silicon and selenium content in the crops, meet the requirements of the crops on macroelements and enhance the stress resistance of the crops. Meanwhile, the seaweed carbon-based cross-linking agent is added, so that a dense space similar to a network is formed in the solution, the nutrient can be better adsorbed, the hydrodynamic stability of the fertilizer is improved, and meanwhile, the seaweed carbon-based cross-linking agent has a certain wrapping complexing effect on heavy metals, so that the defects of single nutrient component, easiness in loss, poor solubility, unstable form and the like of the traditional silicon and selenium fertilizer are overcome.
The second purpose of the invention is to provide a preparation method of the carbon-based seaweed silicon-selenium suspension fertilizer. The preparation method of the suspension fertilizer is simple and is easy for industrial production.
The invention also aims to provide the application of the carbon-based seaweed silicon-selenium suspension fertilizer. The fertilizer can effectively increase the content of silicon and selenium in rice, promote the growth of crops, enhance the stress resistance of the crops, reduce the absorption of cadmium by the crops and relieve the toxic action of cadmium on the crops.
The aim of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the carbon-based seaweed silicon-selenium suspension fertilizer comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 75-85% of carbon-based seaweed silicon-selenium suspending agent and 15-25% of macroelement fertilizer; wherein:
the carbon-based seaweed silicon-selenium suspending agent is prepared from silicon-selenium sol and seaweed carbon-based crosslinking agent according to a proportion of 8-10 kg: 2-3L;
the silicon selenium sol is prepared by dissolving the following components in mass fraction into an ammonia mixture solution with total ammonia concentration of 4.0-12 mol/L: 7.5 to 11.5 percent of silicic acid, 4.0 to 6.0 per mill of selenite and 2.0 to 5.0 per mill of riboflavin; wherein the total ammonia concentration refers to the sum of ammonia molecules and ammonium ion concentration; in addition, the silicon selenium sol also contains potassium ferricyanide, and the mass concentration ratio of selenite to potassium ferricyanide is 1:2.5-1:5;
the seaweed carbon-based cross-linking agent is prepared from clay substances, seaweed carbon-based materials and water according to the proportion of 5-15 kg: 2-5 kg: 200-300L;
n, P in the macroelement fertilizer 2 O 5 、K 2 The content of O is 0.5 to 1.5 percent, 8.5 to 12.0 percent and 2.7 to 4.5 percent respectively.
Further, the clay substance is one or more of kaolin, bentonite, diatomite, sodium bentonite and activated clay.
Further, the seaweed carbon-based material is soluble alginate or a homopolymer or a heteromer which is polymerized by guluronic acid and/or mannuronic acid and has a polymerization degree of 3-5.
Further, the macroelement fertilizer is prepared by compounding any one of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate and dipotassium hydrogen phosphate with the potassium dihydrogen phosphate.
The preparation method of the carbon-based seaweed silicon-selenium suspension fertilizer comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing an seaweed carbon-based crosslinking agent: sequentially adding clay substances and seaweed carbon-based materials into water according to the formula amount, and fully stirring to disperse the clay substances and the seaweed carbon-based materials to obtain a seaweed carbon-based crosslinking agent;
s2, preparing a silicon selenium sol: dissolving silicic acid, selenite and riboflavin in an ammonia mixture solution with total ammonia concentration of 4.0-12 mol/L according to the formula amount, and fully stirring and uniformly mixing to obtain silicon selenium sol;
s3, preparing a carbon-based seaweed silicon-selenium suspending agent: adding the seaweed carbon-based crosslinking agent obtained in the step S1 to the silicon selenium sol obtained in the step S2 according to the formula amount, and fully stirring and uniformly mixing to obtain a carbon-based seaweed silicon selenium suspending agent;
s4, preparing a carbon-based seaweed silicon-selenium suspension fertilizer: and (3) adding a major amount of element fertilizer into the carbon-based seaweed silicon-selenium suspending agent obtained in the step (S3) according to the formula amount, and fully stirring and uniformly mixing to obtain the carbon-based seaweed silicon-selenium suspending fertilizer.
Further, in the preparation of the seaweed carbon-based crosslinking agent in the step S1, the stirring condition is a temperature of 40 to 70 ℃, preferably 50 to 60 ℃.
Further, in the preparation of the silica-selenium sol in the step S2, the initial concentration of the raw material of the silicic acid solution is 3.0-6.0 mol/L, the initial concentration of the raw material of the selenite solution is 50-200 g/L, and the initial concentration of the raw material of the riboflavin solution is 0.05-0.15 mol/L.
Further, in the preparation of the silica-selenium sol in step S2, the specific operations are as follows: according to the formula amount, selenite solution, riboflavin solution and potassium ferricyanide solution are firstly mixed at 20-40 ℃, preferably 25-35 ℃, then silicic acid solution and ammonia mixture solution with total ammonia concentration of 4.0-12 mol/L are added at 40-65 ℃, preferably 45-55 ℃, and fully stirred and uniformly mixed to obtain the silicon selenium sol.
Further, in the preparation of the carbon-based seaweed silicon selenium suspending agent in the step S3, the stirring condition is that the temperature is 50-70 ℃, preferably 50-55 ℃ and the time is 30-40 minutes.
Further, the pH of the carbon-based trehaline silicon selenium suspension in step S3 is between 7.5 and 9.5 without any adjustment (including but not limited to dilution, concentration, addition of acid-base, etc.).
Further, the stirring condition in the step S4 is that the temperature is 50-60 ℃.
Further, the carbon-based seaweed silicon selenium suspension fertilizer has a pH between 7.5 and 9.0 without any adjustment (including but not limited to dilution, concentration, addition of acid-base, etc.); and the density of the carbon-based seaweed silicon selenium suspension fertilizer diluted by pure water for 1000 times is between 1.35 and 1.55 g/mL.
The carbon-based seaweed silicon-selenium suspension fertilizer is applied to the agricultural field.
Further, the application is in rice planting.
In the application, the carbon-based seaweed silicon-selenium suspension fertilizer has the function of selenium enrichment and cadmium reduction.
Further, the carbon-based seaweed silicon-selenium suspension fertilizer needs to be diluted 500-1000 times before application, the application method is annular ditch casting and/or leaf spraying, and the application time is tillering stage and/or grouting stage; preferably, the fertilizer is applied in a circular ditch mode in the tillering stage, and is applied once in a leaf surface spraying mode in the grouting stage.
The principle of the invention is as follows: through the mutual crosslinking of silicic acid colloid, natural polymer organic materials and clay substances, a network-like compact space is formed, and the high-viscosity and dynamic stable fluid is formed, and the suspending agent is assisted, so that functional substances in the suspended fertilizer can be stably dispersed in the fertilizer for a long time. Riboflavin and potassium ferricyanide act as stabilizers for the morphology of selenium in the fertilizer. The method can prepare the silicon-selenium suspension fertilizer with high silicon and selenium content and good stability and suspension property, and can supply a large amount of elements.
According to the invention, through the addition of silicon and selenium, the absorption of crops to heavy metal cadmium is reduced; in addition, the invention can overcome the restriction of low-selenium soil on the improvement of selenium content of agricultural products, increase the utilization of selenium by plants, and easily obtain selenium-enriched products, thereby achieving the purposes of enriching selenium and reducing cadmium.
Compared with the prior art, the method has the following advantages and effects:
(1) The present invention uses silicic acid sol as a component of suspending agent and also as a source of silicon nutrition, and the silicon element exists in the form of soluble silicate, has high content and is easily absorbed by plants.
(2) The carbon-based seaweed silicon selenium suspension fertilizer prepared by the invention contains a large amount of elements, is comprehensive in nutrition, and the large amount of elements participate in maintaining the stability of the suspension fertilizer, so that the dosage of the additionally added suspension stabilizer is reduced.
(3) The carbon-based seaweed silicon-selenium suspension fertilizer prepared by the invention has a simple use method, can effectively reduce the cadmium absorption of plants and improve the selenium absorption by foliage spraying, and can obtain a selenium-rich product, reduce the cadmium absorption of rice by 21.0-63.9%, and increase the selenium content by 42.0-119%.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the results of density, surface tension and conductivity tests of different carbon-based seaweed silicon-selenium suspension fertilizers; wherein: a, density; b, diluting the surface tension of the fertilizer solution by 1000 times, wherein the broken line represents the surface tension value of pure water at 20 ℃; and C, diluting the fertilizer solution by 1000 times to obtain the conductivity of the fertilizer solution.
FIG. 2 is a graph of the research results of the influence of foliar spray of different carbon-based seaweed silicon-selenium suspension fertilizers on thousand grain weight of rice grains and the contents of selenium, silicon and cadmium; wherein: a, thousand grain weight; b, the selenium content of the grains, wherein the dotted line represents the standard lower limit of the selenium-enriched rice; c, the silicon content of the seeds; d, grain cadmium content, dashed line represents rice cadmium content limit value (data with the same letter represents insignificant difference (p > 0.05)).
FIG. 3 is a graph of the results of research on the influence of the rhizosphere annular ditch digging and the application of different carbon-based seaweed silicon-selenium suspension fertilizers on thousand grain weight of rice grains and the contents of selenium, silicon and cadmium; wherein: a, thousand grain weight; b, the selenium content of the grains, wherein the dotted line represents the standard lower limit of the selenium-enriched rice; c, the silicon content of the seeds; d, grain cadmium content, dashed line represents rice cadmium content limit value (data with the same letter represents insignificant difference (p > 0.05)).
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the results of research on the effects of three application methods, namely leaf spraying, rhizosphere annular trench digging, leaf spraying and trench annular spraying, on thousand grain weight of rice grains and selenium, silicon and cadmium content, of a preferred carbon-based seaweed silicon-selenium suspension fertilizer P; wherein: a, thousand grain weight; b, the selenium content of the grains, wherein the dotted line represents the standard lower limit of the selenium-enriched rice; c, the silicon content of the seeds; d, grain cadmium content, dashed line represents rice cadmium content limit value (data with the same letter indicates that the difference is not significant (p > 0.05), T1' represents rhizosphere ditching ring application, T2' represents leaf surface spraying, and T3' represents rhizosphere ditching ring application combined with leaf surface spraying).
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated below in conjunction with specific examples, which are cited merely to illustrate the invention and are not intended to limit the scope thereof. Other embodiments of the invention, which are based on the invention, will be apparent to those skilled in the art without undue burden, and are within the scope of the invention.
The various reagents and materials used in the present invention are commercially available or may be prepared by known methods unless otherwise specified.
Example 1: preparation of seaweed silicon-selenium suspending agent with different carbon groups
Suspending agent 1, prepared by the following steps:
(1) 10kg of kaolin, 2.5kg of triose-mannose-gulose and 2.5kg of tetramannose are sequentially added into 238L of secondary water, and fully stirred and dissolved at 50-60 ℃ to obtain the seaweed carbon-based cross-linking agent solution.
(2) 52.93L of 100g/L Na at 25-35 DEG C 2 SeO 3 The (sodium selenite) solution was mixed with 52.93L of 0.1mol/L riboflavin, and 40.31kg K was added 3 [Fe(CN) 6 ](Potassium ferricyanide).
(3) 211.72L of 5.89mol/L H are added at 45-55 DEG C 2 SiO 3 And (3) mixing the (silicic acid) solution and a proper amount of 4.81mol/L ammonia mixture solution to make the total mass of the fully stirred and uniformly mixed silicon selenium sol be 900kg, so as to obtain the silicon selenium sol.
(4) And (3) adding the seaweed carbon-based cross-linking agent solution prepared in the step (1) into the silicon selenium sol prepared in the step (3) in a number of times, and continuously stirring for 30-40 minutes at 50-55 ℃ to uniformly mix to obtain the suspending agent 1.
Suspending agent 2, except for the following differences, the raw materials used in preparation and the steps are the same as suspending agent 1:
step (4): adding pure water solution into the silicon selenium sol prepared in the step (3) in batches, and continuously stirring for 30-40 minutes at 50-55 ℃ for uniform mixing.
Suspending agent 3, except for the following differences, the raw materials used in preparation and the steps are the same as suspending agent 1:
raw material dosage of seaweed carbon-based cross-linking agent in step (1): 15kg of sodium bentonite, 10kg of kaolin, 1kg of triose-mannose-gulose and 1kg of tetramannose.
The suspending agent 4 is prepared by the same raw material dosage and steps as the suspending agent 1 except the following differences;
5.89mol/LH in step (3) 2 SiO 3 The volume of the solution was 176.42L,100g/L Na 2 SeO 3 The volume of the solution was 44.11L, and the volume of the 0.1mol/L riboflavin solution in step (2) was 44.11L, K 3 [Fe(CN) 6 ]The amount added was 25.19kg.
Suspending agent 5, the amounts and steps of preparation are the same as suspending agent 1 except for the following differences
H in step (3) 2 SiO 3 The concentration of the solution was 4.58mol/L and the volume was 272.48L.
The suspending agent 6 is prepared by the same raw materials and steps as the suspending agent 1 except the following differences:
h in step (3) 2 SiO 3 The concentration of the solution was 4.42mol/L, the volume was 282.29L, na 2 SeO 3 The concentration of the solution was 79.3g/L and the volume was 66.75L, and the volume of the 0.1mol/L riboflavin solution in step (2) was 29.64L, K 3 [Fe(CN) 6 ]The addition amount was 40.31kg.
Suspending agent 7: except for the following differences, the raw material preparation amounts and steps were the same as those of the suspending agent 1:
h in step (3) 2 SiO 3 The concentration of the solution was 3.18mol/L and the volume was 288.71L, na 2 SeO 3 The concentration of the solution was 54.0g/L and the volume was 72.18L, the concentration of the riboflavin solution in step (2) was 0.07mol/L and the volume was 37.05L, K 3 [Fe(CN) 6 ]The addition amount was 22.26kg.
Suspending agent 8, except for the following differences, the raw materials used and the steps used for preparing the suspending agent 7 are the same:
h in step (3) 2 SiO 3 The concentration of the solution was 3.05mol/L, the volume was 300.74L, na 2 SeO 3 The concentration of the solution was 56.8g/L and the volume was 68.67L.
The suspending agent 9 is prepared by the same raw materials and steps as the suspending agent 7 except the following differences:
h in step (3) 2 SiO 3 The concentration of the solution was 3.05mol/L, the volume was 300.74L, na 2 SeO 3 The concentration of the solution was 57.0g/L and the volume was 68.41L.
The suspending agent 10 was prepared in the same amount and steps as suspending agent 1, except for the following differences:
h in step (3) 2 SiO 3 The concentration of the solution was 5.89mol/L, the volume was 211.72L, na 2 SeO 3 The concentration of the solution is 200g/L, the volume is 26.47L,the concentration of the riboflavin solution in step (2) was 0.2mol/L and the volume was 26.47L.
The suspending agent 11 was prepared in the same amount and steps as suspending agent 1 except for the following differences:
h in step (3) 2 SiO 3 The concentration of the solution was 4.17mol/L and the volume was 298.85L, na2SeO 3 The concentration of the solution was 166.5g/L and the volume was 31.768L.
Suspending agent 12, except for the following differences, was prepared in the same amounts and steps as suspending agent 11:
na in step (3) 2 SeO 3 The concentration of the solution was 331g/L and the volume was 15.88L.
Suspending agent 13, except for the following differences, was prepared in the same amounts and steps as suspending agent 11:
h in step (3) 2 SiO 3 The concentration of the solution is 3.06mol/L, the volume is 300.43L, na 2 SeO 3 The concentration of the solution was 56.5g/L and the volume was 69.03L, and the concentration of the riboflavin solution in step (2) was 0.07mol/L and the volume was 37.05L.
Suspending agent 14, except for the following differences, was prepared in the same amounts and steps as suspending agent 11:
h in step (3) 2 SiO 3 The concentration of the solution is 3.90mol/L, the volume is 266.31L, na 2 SeO 3 The concentration of the solution was 73.5g/L and the volume was 59.98L, and the concentration of the riboflavin solution in step (2) was 0.06mol/L and the volume was 70.57L.
Suspending agent 15, except for the following differences, was prepared in the same amounts and steps as suspending agent 1:
h in step (3) 2 SiO 3 The concentration of the solution is 6.15mol/L and the volume is 202.90L; na (Na) 2 SeO 3 The concentration of the solution is 200g/L, and the volume is 26.46L; raw material dosage of seaweed carbon-based cross-linking agent in step (1): 4.8kg of sodium bentonite and 3.2kg of kaolin, 1kg of triose-mannose-gulose and 1kg of tetramannose, dissolved in 244L of secondary water; the concentration of the ammonia mixture solution in the step (3) was 11.86mol/L.
Suspending agent 16, the amounts and steps of preparation are the same as suspending agent 15, except for the following differences:
h in step (3) 2 SiO 3 The concentration of the solution was 6.15mol/L, the volume was 169.08L, na 2 SeO 3 The concentration of the solution is 200g/L, the volume is 22.05L, K 3 [Fe(CN) 6 ]The addition amount was 24.21kg.
Suspending agent 17, except for the following differences, was prepared in the same amounts and steps as suspending agent 15:
h in step (3) 2 SiO 3 The concentration of the solution is 5.89mol/L, the volume is 158.79L, na 2 SeO 3 The concentration of the solution is 300g/L, the volume is 13.23L, K 3 [Fe(CN) 6 ]The addition amount was 26.14kg.
Suspending agent 18, the amounts and steps of preparation are the same as suspending agent 15, except for the following differences:
h in step (3) 2 SiO 3 The concentration of the solution is 5.89mol/L, the volume is 158.79L, na 2 SeO 3 The concentration of the solution is 500g/L, the volume is 7.94L, K 3 [Fe(CN) 6 ]The addition amount was 26.14kg.
Suspending agent 19, the same amount and steps of raw materials used in preparation as suspending agent 1, except for the following differences:
h in step (3) 2 SiO 3 The concentration of the solution is 4.58mol/L, the volume is 200.49L, na 2 SeO 3 The concentration of the solution was 54.0g/L and the volume was 38.98L, the concentration of the riboflavin solution in step (2) was 0.07mol/L and the volume was 37.05L, K 3 [Fe(CN) 6 ]The amount added was 11.52kg.
Suspending agent 20, except for the following differences, was prepared in the same amounts and steps as suspending agent 15:
na in step (3) 2 SeO 3 The concentration of the solution is 200g/L, the volume is 26.47L, K 3 [Fe(CN) 6 ]The amount added was 50.39kg.
Suspending agent 21, except for the following differences, was prepared in the same amounts and steps as suspending agent 1:
na in step (3) 2 SeO 3 The concentration of the solution is 50g/L, the volume is 105.86L, K 3 [Fe(CN) 6 ]Addition amount of50.39kg.
Suspending agent 22 was prepared in the same amounts and steps as suspending agent 1, except for the following differences:
h in step (3) 2 SiO 3 The concentration of the solution is 3.80mol/L, the volume is 328.15L, na 2 SeO 3 The concentration of the solution is 250g/L, the volume is 21.20L, K 3 [Fe(CN) 6 ]The amount added was 50.39kg.
Suspending agent 23, except for the following differences, was prepared in the same amounts and steps as suspending agent 1:
raw material dosage of seaweed carbon-based cross-linking agent in step (1): 9kg of sodium bentonite, 6kg of kaolin and 1.5kg of tetramannose-gulose-mannose-gulose.
Suspending agent 24, except for the following differences, was prepared in the same amounts and steps as suspending agent 1:
raw material dosage of seaweed carbon-based cross-linking agent in step (1): 9kg of sodium bentonite, 6kg of kaolin and 1.5kg of sodium alginate.
The suspending agent 25 was prepared in the same amounts and steps as suspending agent 1, except for the following differences:
raw material dosage of seaweed carbon-based cross-linking agent in step (1): 9kg of sodium bentonite, 6kg of kaolin and 2.5kg of sodium alginate.
Suspending agent 26, except for the following differences, was prepared in the same amounts and steps as suspending agent 15:
raw material dosage of seaweed carbon-based cross-linking agent in step (1): 2.4kg of sodium bentonite and 1.6kg of kaolin, 1kg of triose-mannose-gulose and 1kg of sodium alginate, dissolved in 244L of secondary water;
the above-prepared suspension was placed in a clean plastic bottle, the pH was measured at 25℃and then capped and allowed to stand at 40℃for 30 days, after which the system state was observed and the pH was measured again at 25℃and the results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 suspending agent pH and stability
From the above table, it is clear that the concentration of the raw materials affects the stability of the suspending agent as well, except for the final component concentration of the system.
Example 2: preparation of seaweed silicon-selenium suspension fertilizer with different carbon groups
Based on the results of example 1, a suspension regimen that is stable and representative was selected for the next fertilizer preparation.
Suspension compound fertilizer A: 900kg of suspending agent 1 and 87.5kg of KH 2 PO 4 ，87.5kg NH 4 H 2 PO 4 Stirring at 50-60deg.C.
Suspension compound fertilizer B: 900kg of suspending agent 3 and 87.5kg of KH 2 PO 4 ，87.5kg NH 4 H 2 PO 4 Stirring at 50-60deg.C.
Suspension compound fertilizer C: 900kg of suspending agent 4 and 87.5kg of KH 2 PO 4 ，87.5kg NH 4 H 2 PO 4 Stirring at 50-60deg.C.
Suspension compound fertilizer D: 900kg of suspending agent 5 and 87.5kg of KH 2 PO 4 ，87.5kg NH 4 H 2 PO 4 Stirring at 50-60deg.C.
Suspension compound fertilizer E: 900kg of suspending agent 7 and 87.5kg of KH 2 PO 4 ，87.5kg NH 4 H 2 PO 4 Stirring at 50-60deg.C.
Suspension compound fertilizer F: 900kg of suspending agent 9 and 87.5kg of KH 2 PO 4 ，87.5kg NH 4 H 2 PO 4 Stirring at 50-60deg.C.
Suspension compound fertilizer G: 900kg of suspending agent 10 and 87.5kg of KH 2 PO 4 ，87.5kg NH 4 H 2 PO 4 Stirring at 50-60deg.C.
Suspension compound fertilizer H:900kg of suspending agent 15 and 87.5kg of KH 2 PO 4 ，87.5kg NH 4 H 2 PO 4 Stirring at 50-60deg.C.
Suspension compound fertilizer I: 900kg of suspending agent 4 and 60.0kg of KH 2 PO 4 ，27.5kg K 2 HPO 4 ，87.5kg NH 4 H 2 PO 4 Stirring at 50-60deg.C.
Suspension compound fertilizer J: 900kg of suspending agent 19 and 87.5kg of KH 2 PO 4 ，87.5kg NH 4 H 2 PO 4 Stirring at 50-60deg.C.
Suspension compound fertilizer K: 900kg of suspending agent 4 and 122.5kg of KH 2 PO 4 ，122.5kg NH 4 H 2 PO 4 Stirring at 50-60deg.C.
Suspension compound fertilizer L: 900kg of suspending agent 4 and 84.0kg of KH 2 PO 4 ，38.5kg K 2 HPO 4 ，122.5kg NH 4 H 2 PO 4 Stirring at 50-60deg.C.
Suspension compound fertilizer M: 900kg of suspending agent 20 and 87.5kg of KH 2 PO 4 ，87.5kg NH 4 H 2 PO 4 Stirring at 50-60deg.C.
Suspension compound fertilizer N: 900kg of suspending agent 20 and 122.5kg of KH 2 PO 4 ，122.5kg NH 4 H 2 PO 4 Stirring at 50-60deg.C.
Suspension compound fertilizer O: 900kg of suspending agent 20 and 87.5kg of KH 2 PO 4 ，157.5kg NH 4 H 2 PO 4 Stirring at 50-60deg.C.
Suspension compound fertilizer P: 900kg of suspending agent 20 and 87.5kg of KH 2 PO 4 ，35kg K 2 HPO 4 ，122.5kg NH 4 H 2 PO 4 Stirring at 50-60deg.C.
Suspension compound fertilizer Q: 900kg of suspending agent 19 and 87.5kg of KH 2 PO 4 ，157.5kg NH 4 H 2 PO 4 Stirring at 50-60deg.C.
Suspension compound fertilizer R: 900kg of suspending agent 21 and 87.5kg of KH 2 PO 4 ，157.5kg NH 4 H 2 PO 4 Stirring at 50-60deg.C.
The above-prepared suspension was placed in a clean plastic bottle, the pH was measured at 25℃and then allowed to stand at 40℃for 30 days, then the state of the system was observed and the pH was measured again at 25℃and the results are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2 pH and stability of suspension Compound fertilizers
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The suspension fertilizer C, I, J, L, M, P which can exist stably for a long time is selected, and the density, the surface tension after dilution by 1000 times and the electric conductivity are measured at 25 ℃, and the result is shown in figure 1.
Example 3: rice potted plant leaf spray test
The test was conducted in the national institute of agricultural resource environment, south China, guangzhou, guangdong, 1 month, 2019. The soil properties used for the test are as follows: 26.97g/kg of organic matters, 1.18g/kg of total nitrogen, 0.57g/kg of total phosphorus, 11.18g/kg of total potassium, 2.41mg/kg of total cadmium, 92.14mg/kg of alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen, 32mg/kg of quick-acting phosphorus, 112.23mg/kg of quick-acting potassium, 1.16mg/kg of effective cadmium and pH5.45. The rice variety to be tested is Tianyou 998 (Guangdong-audit rice 2004008), seeds are soaked in clear water for 2d at 35 ℃, the seeds are continuously cultivated for 1d after germination accelerating and sprouting, seeds with consistent germination are selected and uniformly sowed in a seedling raising box, the seeds are cultivated for about 30 days by using nutrient solution of international rice and transplanted into plastic pots, and each pot is filled with 10kg of soil. Each treatment was repeated with 3 pots, 3 clusters per pot, 3 plants per cluster. Test setup 8 treatments:
t1, conventional macroelement fertilizer, macroelement contained in suspension compound fertilizer described in example 2 is selectedThe highest content of the element fertilizer, namely that the 1L solution contains 87.5kg KH 2 PO 4 ，35kg K 2 HPO 4 ，122.5kg NH 4 H 2 PO；
T2, selecting a suspending agent which is suitable for preparing a stable suspension compound fertilizer and has representativeness and higher concentration of silicon and selenium, and a suspending agent 20;
t3, suspending the compound fertilizer C;
t4, suspending compound fertilizer I;
t5, suspending the compound fertilizer J;
t6, suspending the compound fertilizer L;
t7, suspending the compound fertilizer M;
and T8, suspending the compound fertilizer P.
All the macroelement fertilizers, suspending agents or suspension compound fertilizers are diluted 1000 times and then applied, and the spraying amount is equal to the degree that liquid drops are uniformly distributed on both sides of the blade and do not drop. The spraying time is set to three treatments: spraying once in the tillering stage, spraying once in the grouting stage, and spraying once in the tillering stage and the grouting stage respectively; 60mL of the fertilizer is sprayed per pot in the tillering stage, and 100mL of the fertilizer is sprayed per pot in the grouting stage. And meanwhile, after the rice is mature and harvested, the yield of the rice, the cadmium content, the selenium content, the silicon content and the like of the seeds are measured after the rice is ashed. The results are shown in FIG. 2.
The results show that the carbon-based seaweed silicon-selenium suspension fertilizer used in the embodiment can obviously improve the concentration of silicon and selenium in the grains after being sprayed on the rice leaves once in the tillering stage and the grouting stage, so that the partially treated (T6, T7 and T8) grains meet the selenium-rich rice standard; and simultaneously, the cadmium content of the partially treated grains is reduced to be below the limit value (T4, T6 and T8).
Example 4: rice potting rhizosphere ditching ring-applied test
In this example, except that the application method was changed to the annular trench digging and watering, the macroelement fertilizer, suspending agent or suspension compound fertilizer corresponding to each treatment was diluted 750 times and applied, 100mL was applied per pot in the tillering stage, 150mL was applied per pot in the grouting stage, and other conditions such as the culture management mode, treatment setting, measurement items of the test materials used were the same as in example 3. The results are shown in FIG. 3.
The result shows that the carbon-based seaweed silicon-selenium suspension fertilizer used in the embodiment can obviously improve the silicon and selenium concentration of the seeds after each watering of the rice in the tillering stage and the grouting stage, so that the seeds after partial treatment (T4, T6, T7 and T8) meet the selenium-rich rice standard; and simultaneously, the cadmium content of the partially treated grains is reduced to be below the limit value (T4, T6 and T8).
Example 5: rice potted plant rhizosphere ditching ring application and leaf surface spraying combination test
The culture management method of the test material used in this example was the same as that of example 3. Three processes are set:
t1' is applied by the rhizosphere ditching ring, and the fertilizer type, the fertilizer amount and the specific operation method are treated by the T8 of the example 4;
t2', foliage spraying, and applying once each in the tillering stage and the grouting stage, wherein the type, the amount and the specific operation of the fertilizer are the same as those of the T8 treatment in the example 3;
t3', combining the rhizosphere ditching annular ditch application with the leaf surface spraying, and spraying 100mL of the suspension compound fertilizer P diluted by 750 times for each pot of rhizosphere ditching annular ditch in the tillering stage, and spraying 100mL of the suspension fertilizer P diluted by 1000 times for each pot of leaf surface in the grouting stage.
The measurement items were the same as in example 3. The results are shown in FIG. 4.
The results show that compared with the simple rhizosphere ditching ring application or the foliar spraying (T1 ', T2 '), the rhizosphere ditching ring application and foliar spraying combined treatment (T3 ') can further improve the thousand grain weight of the seeds, reduce the cadmium content, and the silicon content and the selenium content of the seeds are equivalent to those of the other two treatments.
The embodiments described above are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited to the embodiments described above, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications that do not depart from the spirit and principles of the present invention should be made in the equivalent manner, and are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. The application of the carbon-based seaweed silicon-selenium suspension fertilizer in paddy rice planting is characterized in that: the carbon-based seaweed silicon-selenium suspension fertilizer comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 75-85% of carbon-based seaweed silicon-selenium suspending agent and 15-25% of macroelement fertilizer; wherein:
the carbon-based seaweed silicon-selenium suspending agent is prepared from silicon-selenium sol and seaweed carbon-based crosslinking agent according to a proportion of 8-10 kg: 2-3L;
the silicon selenium sol is prepared by dissolving the following components in mass fraction into an ammonia mixture solution with total ammonia concentration of 4.0-12 mol/L: 7.5 to 11.5 percent of silicic acid, 4.0 to 6.0 per mill of selenite and 2.0 to 5.0 per mill of riboflavin; wherein the total ammonia concentration refers to the sum of ammonia molecules and ammonium ion concentration; in addition, the silicon selenium sol also contains potassium ferricyanide, and the mass concentration ratio of selenite to potassium ferricyanide is 1:2.5-1:5;
the seaweed carbon-based cross-linking agent is prepared from clay substances, seaweed carbon-based materials and water according to the proportion of 5-15 kg: 2-5 kg: 200-300 parts of L; the seaweed carbon-based material is triose-mannose-gulose and tetramannose;
n, P in the macroelement fertilizer 2 O 5 、K 2 The content of O is 0.5 to 1.5 percent, 8.5 to 12.0 percent and 2.7 to 4.5 percent respectively;
the carbon-based seaweed silicon-selenium suspension fertilizer is prepared by a method comprising the following steps:
s1, preparing an seaweed carbon-based crosslinking agent: sequentially adding clay substances and seaweed carbon-based materials into water according to the formula amount, and fully stirring to disperse the clay substances and the seaweed carbon-based materials to obtain a seaweed carbon-based crosslinking agent;
s2, preparing a silicon selenium sol: according to the formula amount, firstly, selenite solution, riboflavin solution and potassium ferricyanide are mixed at 20-40 ℃, then silicic acid solution and ammonia mixture solution with total ammonia concentration of 4.0-12 mol/L are added at 40-65 ℃, and the mixture solution is fully stirred and uniformly mixed to obtain silicon selenium sol;
s3, preparing a carbon-based seaweed silicon-selenium suspending agent: adding the seaweed carbon-based crosslinking agent obtained in the step S1 to the silicon selenium sol obtained in the step S2 according to the formula amount, and fully stirring and uniformly mixing to obtain a carbon-based seaweed silicon selenium suspending agent;
s4, preparing a carbon-based seaweed silicon-selenium suspension fertilizer: adding a major amount of element fertilizer into the carbon-based seaweed silicon-selenium suspending agent obtained in the step S3 according to the formula amount, and fully stirring and uniformly mixing to obtain the carbon-based seaweed silicon-selenium suspending fertilizer;
in the preparation of the silicon selenium sol in the step S2, the initial concentration of the raw material of the silicic acid solution is 3.0-6.0 mol/L, the initial concentration of the raw material of the selenite solution is 50-200 g/L, and the initial concentration of the raw material of the riboflavin solution is 0.05-0.15 mol/L;
the pH of the carbon-based seaweed silicon selenium suspension fertilizer in the step S4 is 7.5 to 9.0.
2. The use according to claim 1, characterized in that:
the clay material is one or more of kaolin, bentonite, diatomite, sodium bentonite and activated clay.
3. Use according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that:
the macroelement fertilizer is prepared by compounding any one of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate and dipotassium hydrogen phosphate with potassium dihydrogen phosphate.
4. Use according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that:
in the preparation of the seaweed carbon-based crosslinking agent in the step S1, the stirring condition is that the temperature is 40-70 ℃;
in the preparation of the carbon-based seaweed silicon selenium suspending agent in the step S3, the stirring condition is that the temperature is 50-70 ℃ and the time is 30-40 minutes;
the stirring condition in the step S4 is that the temperature is 50-60 ℃.
5. Use according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that:
the density of the carbon-based seaweed silicon selenium suspension fertilizer diluted by pure water for 1000 times is between 1.35 and 1.55 g/mL.
6. Use according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that:
in the application, the carbon-based seaweed silicon-selenium suspension fertilizer has the effects of enriching selenium and reducing cadmium; the carbon-based seaweed silicon-selenium suspension fertilizer is diluted 500-1000 times before application, the application method is annular ditch casting and/or leaf spraying, and the application time is tillering stage and/or grouting stage.
7. The use according to claim 6, characterized in that:
the carbon-based seaweed silicon-selenium suspension fertilizer is applied once in a mode of annular ditch spraying in the tillering stage and is applied once in a mode of leaf surface spraying in the grouting stage.
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