CN114272290B - A topical compound Chinese medicinal extract for treating cancer pain of all steps, and its preparation method - Google Patents
A topical compound Chinese medicinal extract for treating cancer pain of all steps, and its preparation method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of traditional Chinese medicines, and relates to an external compound traditional Chinese medicine extract for treating cancer pain of each step and a preparation method thereof. The invention improves the analgesic effect of the composition through the extracts of radix angelicae pubescentis extract, frankincense extract, radix clematidis extract, radix aconiti extract, asarum and the like, can quickly permeate into a pain range, and achieves the effects of activating blood, removing stasis and relieving pain; can inhibit the associated neuron excitation caused by the injury of nerve after tumor operation and the injury of nerve after radiotherapy and chemotherapy, and has effects of diminishing inflammation, detumescence and relieving pain.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of traditional Chinese medicines, and relates to an external compound traditional Chinese medicine extract for treating cancer pain of each step and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Cancer pain refers to pain caused by tumor compression and invasion of related tissue nerves, is one of clinical common symptoms of cancer, and is mostly persistent pain, and the focus of cancer is increased and increased continuously. There are 1927 tens of thousands of tumor patients worldwide each year, and 457 tens of thousands of people in China each year at the same time are increasing at a rate of 4.8% per year. 70-80% of malignant tumor patients arrive at advanced stages and pain becomes their main symptom. The continuous and intense pain causes the patients to sleep unstably, reduce appetite and extremely low emotion, so that the patients are extremely tired and have general failure, the continuous worsening of the tumor condition is aggravated, and malignant circulation is formed, so that the patients are not only severely painful, but also are greatly burdened by family members and society, so that the world health organization places the analgesic treatment of the patients with advanced cancer in one of 4 key points of comprehensive national cancer treatment planning (namely early prevention, early diagnosis, radical treatment and cancer pain treatment). For patients with advanced tumors, pain control can make them valuable in limited precious life, with improved quality of life. The government of China has invested a great deal of manpower, material resources, financial resources to strengthen and promote the cancer three-step pain relieving work.
Modern medical methods for treating cancer pain include topical treatments, analgesics, blocking pain transmission pathways, and the like. Local symptoms local tumors can be controlled by radiotherapy, chemotherapy or surgery, and the anterior and lateral cervical bundles can be cut off. Narcotic analgesics such as codeine and dolantin temporarily relieve cancer pain, but tend to cause addiction, with increasing demands and shorter intervals.
Cancer pain is mainly caused by invasion of nerve tissues and diffusion and transfer of the cancer tissues to parts such as nerve stems, nerve roots and nerve endings after the cancer tissues grow in a peripheral infiltration manner or invasion of tissues such as periosteum and the like with very abundant nerve endings; in addition, cancer causes obstruction of hollow organs such as intestinal tract and stomach, and causes tension increase, or cancer tissue infection, ulcer, necrosis, etc. Tumor compression, stretching of tissues such as muscles and tendons, and the like, also cause pain. The causes of cancer pain can be classified as: (1) Tumor compression of bone/nerve, viscera, skin and soft tissue by cancer itself (bone involvement, nerve involvement, viscera organ involvement) causes tumor infiltration or metastasis, wherein intracranial pressure increase is most common, accounting for about 80%; (2) Pain (about 10%) caused by cancer treatment, such as post-operative scar pain, phantom limb pain, etc.; post-chemotherapy phlebitis, neuropathy, ulcers, and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems existing in the prior art, the invention provides an external compound traditional Chinese medicine extract for treating cancer pain of each step, which has the effects of promoting blood circulation, removing blood stasis and relieving pain and can quickly permeate to reach a pain range.
The aim of the invention can be achieved by the following technical scheme: an external compound traditional Chinese medicine extract for treating cancer pain of each ladder, wherein the compound traditional Chinese medicine extract comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 2.5 to 3.5 parts of frankincense extract, 2.5 to 3.5 parts of radix clematidis extract, 2.5 to 3.5 parts of asarum extract, 2.5 to 3.5 parts of radix angelicae pubescentis extract, 2.5 to 3.5 parts of radix aconiti extract, 2.5 to 3.5 parts of aconite extract, 1.5 to 2.5 parts of nux vomica extract, 1.5 to 2.5 parts of tripterygium wilfordii extract, 1.5 to 2.5 parts of ash gum extract, 55 to 65 parts of menthol and 55 to 65 parts of camphor.
In the external compound traditional Chinese medicine extract for treating cancer pain of each step, the compound traditional Chinese medicine extract comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 2.9-3.2 parts of frankincense extract, 2.9-3.2 parts of radix clematidis extract, 2.9-3.2 parts of asarum extract, 2.9-3.2 parts of radix angelicae pubescentis extract, 2.9-3.2 parts of radix aconiti extract, 2.9-3.2 parts of aconite extract, 1.9-2.1 parts of nux vomica extract, 1.9-2.1 parts of tripterygium wilfordii extract, 1.9-2.1 parts of ash extract, 58-62 parts of menthol and 58-62 parts of camphor.
The invention utilizes the frankincense to activate blood and promote qi circulation, relieve pain and swelling, expel pus and promote tissue regeneration; radix Clematidis has effects of dispelling pathogenic wind, removing dampness, dredging collaterals and relieving pain; asarum herb has the effects of relieving exterior syndrome, dispelling cold, promoting blood circulation and relieving pain; wind dispelling and dampness eliminating effects of radix Angelicae Pubescentis are used for treating lumbago and gonalgia; chuan Wu Wen is used for relieving pain and joint cold pain; radix Aconiti lateralis Preparata has effects of dispelling cold and relieving pain; the nux vomica has the effects of detumescence, heat dissipation, vein relaxing and pain relieving; radix Tripterygii Wilfordii has effects of promoting blood circulation, dredging collaterals, and relieving swelling and pain; qin Jiao wind dehumidifies, promotes blood circulation and eases menstruation; menthol has effects of clearing heat, cooling blood, detumescence and relieving pain; the combination effects of camphor on dredging orifices and promoting qi stagnation, and deionized water and medical ethanol are used for preparing the yellowish water-like transparent liquid traditional Chinese medicine composition, so that cancer pain of each step can be effectively treated, pain can be quickly permeated to reach a pain range, and blood circulation is promoted, stasis is removed and pain is relieved.
Preferably, the active ingredients of the extract are extracted from raw material dry powder according to a ratio of 10:1, and the purity of the extract is about 10 times higher than that of the raw material dry powder.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the external compound traditional Chinese medicine extract for treating cancer pain of each step, which comprises the following steps:
s1, adding the frankincense extract and the radix clematidis extract into deionized water, and then heating and stirring;
s2, adding a complexing agent for cooling after stirring treatment, and then adding the rest extract for constant-temperature stirring;
s3, standing after stirring at a constant temperature, adding an ethanol solution for stirring, and finally standing and filtering to obtain the traditional Chinese medicine composition.
In the preparation method of the external compound traditional Chinese medicine extract for treating cancer pain of each step, the temperature of heating and stirring in the step S1 is 95-100 ℃ and the time is 18-22min.
In the preparation method of the external compound traditional Chinese medicine extract for treating cancer pain of each step, the complexing agent in the step S2 is sodium hexametaphosphate. The sodium hexametaphosphate is added in the invention because two components of the olibanum extract and the clematis root extract are difficult to blend with the other components, if the sodium hexametaphosphate is not added, the finished traditional Chinese medicine composition is not clear and transparent, even layering phenomenon can occur, and the medicine effect of the composition can be seriously affected by the non-uniformity of the components of the composition.
In the preparation method of the external compound traditional Chinese medicine extract for treating cancer pain of each step, the temperature of constant temperature stirring in the step S2 is 58-62 ℃.
In the preparation method of the external compound traditional Chinese medicine extract for treating cancer pain of each step, the concentration of the ethanol solution in the step S3 is 93-95%.
In the preparation method of the external compound traditional Chinese medicine extract for treating cancer pain of each step, the pore diameter of the filter cloth in the step S3 filtration is 500 meshes.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: the invention improves the analgesic effect of the composition through the extracts of radix angelicae pubescentis extract, frankincense extract, radix clematidis extract, radix aconiti extract, asarum and the like, can quickly permeate into a pain range, and achieves the effects of activating blood, removing stasis and relieving pain; can inhibit the associated neuron excitation caused by the injury of the nerve given after tumor operation and the injury given by radiotherapy and chemotherapy, and achieve the effects of diminishing inflammation, detumescence and relieving pain; can relieve spasm, promote qi circulation, relieve spasm and pain, inhibit cancer cell proliferation, and relieve pain caused by cancer occupation compression tissue or infiltration of viscera and soft tissues.
Detailed Description
The following are specific examples of the present invention, and the technical solutions of the present invention are further described, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.
Example 1:
s1, preparing raw materials according to the following parts by weight: 3 parts of frankincense extract, 3 parts of radix clematidis extract, 3 parts of asarum extract, 3 parts of radix angelicae pubescentis extract, 3 parts of radix aconiti extract, 3 parts of aconite extract, 2 parts of nux vomica extract, 2 parts of tripterygium wilfordii extract, 2 parts of ash gum extract, 60 parts of menthol, 60 parts of camphor, 630 parts of deionized water, 330 parts of 95% ethanol and 10 parts of sodium hexametaphosphate.
S2, adding the frankincense extract and the radix clematidis extract into deionized water, and then heating and stirring at 100 ℃ for 20min;
s3, adding sodium hexametaphosphate after stirring treatment, cooling to 60 ℃, and then adding the rest extract for constant-temperature stirring;
s4, cooling after stirring treatment, and then adding the rest extract to stir at constant temperature;
s5, stirring at constant temperature, standing, adding ethanol, stirring, standing, and filtering through a filter cloth with a pore diameter of 500 meshes to obtain the traditional Chinese medicine composition.
Example 2:
s1, preparing raw materials according to the following parts by weight: 2.9 parts of frankincense extract, 2.9 parts of radix clematidis extract, 2.9 parts of asarum extract, 2.9 parts of radix angelicae pubescentis extract, 2.9 parts of radix aconiti extract, 2.9 parts of aconite extract, 1.9 parts of nux vomica extract, 1.9 parts of tripterygium wilfordii extract, 1.9 parts of ash gum extract, 58 parts of menthol, 58 parts of camphor, 630 parts of deionized water, 330 parts of 95% ethanol and 9 parts of sodium hexametaphosphate.
S2, adding the frankincense extract and the radix clematidis extract into deionized water, and then heating and stirring at 95 ℃ for 18min;
s3, adding sodium hexametaphosphate after stirring treatment, cooling to 58 ℃, and then adding the rest extract for constant-temperature stirring;
s4, cooling after stirring treatment, and then adding the rest extract to stir at constant temperature;
s5, stirring at constant temperature, standing, adding ethanol, stirring, standing, and filtering through a filter cloth with a pore diameter of 480 meshes to obtain the traditional Chinese medicine composition.
Example 3:
s1, preparing raw materials according to the following parts by weight: 3.2 parts of frankincense extract, 3.2 parts of radix clematidis extract, 3.2 parts of asarum extract, 3.2 parts of radix angelicae pubescentis extract, 3.2 parts of radix aconiti extract, 3.2 parts of aconite extract, 2.1 parts of nux vomica extract, 2.1 parts of tripterygium wilfordii extract, 2.1 parts of ash gum extract, 62 parts of menthol, 62 parts of camphor, 630 parts of deionized water, 330 parts of 95% ethanol and 11 parts of sodium hexametaphosphate.
S2, adding the frankincense extract and the radix clematidis extract into deionized water, and then heating and stirring at 100 ℃ for 22min;
s3, adding sodium hexametaphosphate after stirring treatment, cooling to 62 ℃, and then adding the rest extract for constant-temperature stirring;
s4, cooling after stirring treatment, and then adding the rest extract to stir at constant temperature;
s5, stirring at constant temperature, standing, adding ethanol, stirring, standing, and filtering through a filter cloth with a pore diameter of 550 meshes to obtain the traditional Chinese medicine composition.
Staphylococcus aureus bacteriostasis experiment:
1. equipment and method for manufacturing the same
1. Sample: the Chinese medicinal composition prepared in example 1.
2. Experimental strains: staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538, proc. Military medical college) fourth generation.
3. Experimental equipment: an electric mixer, a micropipette and an electrothermal constant temperature incubator.
4. Sterile equipment: graduated pipette and micropipette tip.
5. Culture medium: nutrient agar medium.
2. Method of
1. The detection basis is as follows: the method for evaluating the antibacterial and bacteriostatic effects is WS/T650-2019, 5.1.1.
2. Detection environment: the temperature was 21℃and the relative humidity 45%.
3. Results
The average 3min bacteriostasis rate of the traditional Chinese medicine composition of example 1 on staphylococcus aureus in three experiments is shown in table 1.
Table 1: EXAMPLE 1 antibacterial results of the Chinese medicinal composition against Staphylococcus aureus
E.coli bacteriostasis experiment:
1. equipment and method for manufacturing the same
1. Sample: the Chinese medicinal composition prepared in example 1.
2. Experimental strains: coli (8099, proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. Of military medical science) passage 5.
3. Experimental equipment: an electric mixer, a micropipette and an electrothermal constant temperature incubator.
4. Sterile equipment: graduated pipette and micropipette tip.
5. Culture medium: nutrient agar medium.
2. Method of
1. The detection basis is as follows: the method for evaluating the antibacterial and bacteriostatic effects is WS/T650-2019, 5.1.1.
2. Detection environment: the temperature was 20℃and the relative humidity was 44%.
3. Results
The average 3m in bacteriostasis rate of the traditional Chinese medicine composition in example 1 on three experiments of escherichia coli is shown in table 2.
Table 2: EXAMPLE 1 antibacterial results of Chinese medicinal composition on E.coli
Candida albicans bacteriostasis experiment:
1. equipment and method for manufacturing the same
1. Sample: the Chinese medicinal composition prepared in example 1.
2. Experimental strains: candida albicans (ATCC, proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. Military medical) passage 5.
3. Experimental equipment: an electric mixer, a micropipette and an electrothermal constant temperature incubator.
4. Sterile equipment: graduated pipette and micropipette tip.
5. Culture medium: sandcastle agar medium.
2. Method of
1. The detection basis is as follows: the method for evaluating the antibacterial and bacteriostatic effects is WS/T650-2019, 5.1.1.
2. Detection environment: the temperature is 20 ℃ and the relative humidity is 45%.
3. Results
The average 3min bacteriostasis rate of the traditional Chinese medicine composition of example 1 on candida albicans in three experiments is shown in table 3.
Table 3: EXAMPLE 1 antibacterial results of Chinese medicinal composition on E.coli
Microorganism index experiment:
1. equipment and method for manufacturing the same
1. Sample: the Chinese medicinal composition prepared in example 1.
2. Experimental equipment: electric mixers, electric thermostated incubators (DHP-9272 type), mold incubators (MJ-160 type).
3. Sterile equipment: graduated pipette.
4. Culture medium: nutrient agar medium, SCDLP liquid medium, blood agar plate, lactose bile salt fermentation medium, glucose broth, and Save agar medium.
2. Method of
1. The detection basis is as follows: "Disposable sanitary products sanitary Standard" GB 15979-2002.
2. Detection environment: the temperature was 21℃and the relative humidity 45%.
3. Results
The results of the microbial indicator test of the Chinese medicinal composition of example 1 are shown in Table 4.
Table 4: EXAMPLE 1 antibacterial results of Chinese medicinal composition on E.coli
Multiple complete skin irritation experiments:
1. equipment and method for manufacturing the same
1. Sample: the Chinese medicinal composition prepared in example 1.
2. Experimental animals: the number of experimental animals was 3 as large as the number of male white rabbits in Japanese, a common class of adult, provided by Hubei, endochingo biotechnology, inc.
3. Animal feed: grade C rabbit feed provided by Experimental animal center in Hubei province.
4. Experimental environment: for a common environment, use license: SYXK (relaxation) 2017-0012.
2. Method of
1. The detection basis is as follows: disinfection technical Specification (2002 edition) 2.3.3.
2. The contamination mode is as follows: and (5) percutaneous contamination.
3. Skin treatment mode: dehairing with a pet trimmer.
4. The experimental operation steps are as follows: the hairs on both sides of the spine of the rabbit were removed 24 hours before the experiment, the skin was not damaged, the hair removal range was about 3cm×3cm each, and the skin was examined as intact. The next day 0.5ml of the traditional Chinese medicine composition of example 1 is directly smeared on the skin of one side of the rabbit, and the smearing area is 2.5cm multiplied by 2.5cm. The other side was treated with distilled water, and the residue was removed by washing with water 4 hours after the application. Once daily, spread for 14 consecutive days, observe the results 24h after each spread, and score as required.
3. Results
After the application of the subject, the skin local reaction was observed for 14 days continuously, and scoring was performed, and detailed data are shown in table 5.
Table 5: EXAMPLE 1 multiple complete skin irritation response score for Chinese medicinal composition
Treatment examples
The usage amount is as follows:
the preparation prepared in example 1 was applied in a single dose of 0.5-1ml at pain spot, 6 times daily, three times in the morning and afternoon.
Typical cases:
(1) Zhang Mou, male, 60 years old;
the patient in 2018 had a protruding meat ladle on the right leg, the meat ladle was cut off in the county hospital, and the meat ladle could not heal, and then a malignant synovial sarcoma was checked in Zheng Da attached hospital, and wound healing was achieved after treatment, but the right lower limb had been painful and swelling and could not walk, and the patient was discharged from home for economic reasons.
The traditional Chinese medicine composition prepared by the embodiment 1 of the invention is smeared with 0.5-1ml at pain point range once, smeared with 6 times a day and three times a day and afternoon, the pain relieving effect is obvious after each smearing, and the friends can walk normally after 3 years.
(2) Li Mou, male, 22 years old;
the effects of the colon cancer transfusion tramadol hydrochloride and the enkephalin in 5 bottles/day are still not obvious.
The traditional Chinese medicine composition prepared in the embodiment 1 of the invention is smeared with 0.5-1ml at pain point range once, smeared with 6 times a day and three times a day and afternoon, the pain relieving effect is obvious after each smearing, and the morphine dosage is reduced to 2 bottles/day after the smearing is started.
(3) Li Mou women, 61 years old, retirement staff;
western medicine narcotics are not used after the gastric cardia cancer is returned to home in late stage, and rural people in the Luoyang village are not allowed economically and cannot purchase the controlled medicines.
The traditional Chinese medicine composition prepared in the embodiment 1 of the invention is smeared for 6 times a day in a single time within the pain point range, the pain relieving effect is obvious after each smearing, and the traditional Chinese medicine composition can be eaten after cooking in the pain relieving stage.
(4) Ma Mou female, 45 years old;
late stage thigh pain due to uterine cancer is inconvenienced.
The traditional Chinese medicine composition prepared by the embodiment 1 of the invention is smeared with 0.5-1ml at a pain spot range once, smeared with 6 times a day and three times a day and afternoon, western medicine anesthetic such as enkephalin and the like is stopped, and the current mental state is good and healthy.
(5) Liu Mou male, 82 years old, retired trunk;
the diagnosis result of oncology department in the urban hospitals is right kidney excess space occupying lesion, pain attacks are difficult to fall asleep at night, and mental vexation and elaeagnus are caused.
The traditional Chinese medicine composition prepared in the embodiment 1 of the invention is smeared with 0.5-1ml for a single time in the pain spot range, smeared with 6 times a day and three times a day and afternoon, and the pain is obviously relieved after daily use, and the life can be self-care.
(6) Zhang Mou Ind, 84 years old, shenzhen City code division;
late stage pain of esophagus cancer, pain relieving at home "tramadol hydrochloride", obvious side effects, constipation and nausea.
The traditional Chinese medicine composition prepared in the embodiment 1 of the invention is smeared with 0.5-1ml for a single time in the pain spot range, smeared for 6 times each day and each time in the morning and afternoon, when the traditional Chinese medicine composition is used in the day, the tramadol acid is reduced to two tablets, the pain relieving effect of the external traditional Chinese medicine composition is equivalent to or even higher than that of the traditional Chinese medicine composition which is taken with four tablets of tramadol hydrochloride in the day, and the nausea and constipation symptoms of patients brought by the tramadol taken in the birth period are improved, and the spirit is improved.
(7) Chen Mou female, 87 years old, retired female teacher in Luoyang city;
head tumor (glioma) is unconscious, and doctor is admitted in the beginning of 2021 in 8 months (7 th people hospital in Luoyang city) to insert stomach tube for the old, and the doctor is informed about the danger of illness.
The traditional Chinese medicine composition prepared by the embodiment 1 of the invention is smeared with 0.5-1ml at a pain point range once, smeared with 6 times a day and three times a day and a afternoon, a small amount of dumplings and balls can be eaten in the same day, and the user can sit on a waking bed, and can continuously use the product.
Table 6: example 1 statistical results of clinical use case information of Chinese medicinal composition
Pain rating: 0 is painless; 0-3 is mild pain; 4, sleep is affected; 4-6 is toxic pain; 7, the user cannot fall asleep; 7-9 is severe pain; 10 is a severe pain.
In conclusion, the invention improves the analgesic effect of the composition through the extracts of the radix angelicae pubescentis extract, the frankincense extract, the radix clematidis extract, the radix aconiti extract, the asarum and the like, and can quickly permeate into a pain range to achieve the effects of activating blood, removing stasis and relieving pain; can inhibit the associated neuron excitation caused by the injury of the nerve given after tumor operation and the injury given by radiotherapy and chemotherapy, and achieve the effects of diminishing inflammation, detumescence and relieving pain; can relieve spasm, promote qi circulation, relieve spasm and pain, inhibit cancer cell proliferation, and relieve pain caused by cancer occupation compression tissue or infiltration of viscera and soft tissues.
The point values in the technical scope of the present invention are not exhaustive, and the new technical solutions formed by equivalent substitution of single or multiple technical features in the technical solutions of the embodiments are also within the scope of the present invention; meanwhile, in all the listed or unrecited embodiments of the present invention, each parameter in the same embodiment represents only one example of the technical scheme (i.e. a feasibility scheme), and no strict coordination and limitation relation exists between each parameter, wherein each parameter can be replaced with each other without violating axiom and the requirement of the present invention, except what is specifically stated.
The technical means disclosed by the scheme of the invention is not limited to the technical means disclosed by the technical means, and also comprises the technical scheme formed by any combination of the technical features. While the foregoing is directed to embodiments of the present invention, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes and modifications may be made without departing from the principles of the invention, and such changes and modifications are intended to be included within the scope of the invention.
The specific embodiments described herein are offered by way of example only to illustrate the spirit of the invention. Those skilled in the art may make various modifications or additions to the described embodiments or substitutions thereof without departing from the spirit of the invention or exceeding the scope of the invention as defined in the accompanying claims.
Claims (2)
1. The external compound traditional Chinese medicine extract for treating the cancer pain of each step is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 2.9-3.2 parts of frankincense extract, 2.9-3.2 parts of radix clematidis extract, 2.9-3.2 parts of asarum extract, 2.9-3.2 parts of radix angelicae pubescentis extract, 2.9-3.2 parts of radix aconiti extract, 2.9-3.2 parts of aconite extract, 1.9-2.1 parts of nux vomica extract, 1.9-2.1 parts of tripterygium wilfordii extract, 1.9-2.1 parts of ash gum extract, 58-62 parts of menthol and 58-62 parts of camphor;
the preparation method of the compound traditional Chinese medicine extract comprises the following steps:
s1, adding the frankincense extract and the radix clematidis extract into deionized water, and then heating and stirring;
s2, adding a complexing agent for cooling after stirring treatment, and then adding the rest extract for constant-temperature stirring;
s3, standing after constant-temperature stirring, adding an ethanol solution for stirring, and finally standing and filtering to obtain a traditional Chinese medicine composition;
step S2, the complexing agent is sodium hexametaphosphate;
step S1, heating and stirring at 95-100 ℃ for 18-22min;
step S2, stirring at a constant temperature of 58-62 ℃;
the concentration of the ethanol solution in the step S3 is 93-95%.
2. The external compound traditional Chinese medicine extract for treating cancer pain of each step according to claim 1, wherein the filter cloth pore diameter in the step S3 filtration is 480-550 meshes.
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Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 化积镇痛膏外敷治疗癌症疼痛的临床观察;朱学明等;《湖北中医杂志》;20091031;第31卷(第10期);第10-12页，尤其是第10页左栏第1-2段、表1，第11页右栏倒数第1-2段 * |
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