CN114250369A - 一种废铅蓄电池与废锂离子电池协同回收的工艺 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种废铅蓄电池与废锂离子电池协同回收的工艺。废铅蓄电池的处理工艺为拆解分选预处理、废铅膏预脱硫、熔炼、烟气深度净化后排放,废锂离子电池的处理工艺为二氧化碳隔绝氧气安全拆解、热抽脱电解液、热解脱膜脱粉、分选得到铜箔、铝箔、黑粉和薄膜,废锂离子电池热抽脱得到的电解液进行脱氟处理,脱氟的电解液用于废铅膏低温熔炼的部分燃料替代和燃烧制备二氧化碳,二氧化碳用于废锂离子电池拆解的保护气,两个回收系统的能量能够交叉利用。本发明通过协同处置再生铅与再生锂两个系统的资源、废弃物与能量,结合了两个系统的技术优势,简化了单纯再生锂系统的工艺,减少设备投入,提高生产效率,降低能耗和明显提升经济与环保效益。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及电池的回收,特别涉及一种废铅蓄电池与废锂离子电池协同回收的工艺。
背景技术
铅酸蓄电池和锂离子电池都是重要的化学储能原件,各占储能原件总量的50%和40%以上。它们报废以后需要进行安全处置和资源清洁循环。报废的铅蓄电池汇集到再生点后,进行机械拆解,得到塑料、板栅、铅膏、废酸等主要物料,铅膏作为主要的含铅物料,对其进行预脱硫再进行低温熔炼回收铅是当前行业的主流工艺。熔炼过程通常以天然气作为燃料,在燃气供应紧张的时候,生产一定程度上受到限制。废锂离子电池拆解后得到大量的废电解液,含有氟化物,是废锂离子电池回收行业的棘手问题之一,单独建设处理设施,投资大、效益低、运行成本也很高昂;同时锂离子电池拆解后得到的混料通常需要热解才能消除粘结材料的影响,使铜箔、铝箔与极粉和隔膜等高效分离,这些过程需要消耗能源,配套建设相应的能源供给系统,不仅增加了投资、延长了工艺、还增加了能源消耗。基于废铅蓄电池和废锂离子电池资源循环行业的技术现实,将再生铅和再生锂两个系统的工艺单元和技术优势结合起来,形成协同处置的优质工艺,实现低投入、高效率、低运行成本回收废铅和锂等资源,对生态文明建设、绿色发展以及双碳目标实现意义重大。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种废铅蓄电池与废锂离子电池协同回收的工艺,实现废铅、锂电池资源短流程、低碳、低成本的再生利用。
本发明的技术方案为:
一种废铅蓄电池与废锂离子电池协同回收的工艺,包括如下步骤:
废铅蓄电池的处理工艺为拆解分选预处理、废铅膏预脱硫、熔炼、烟气深度净化后排放,废锂离子电池的处理工艺为二氧化碳隔绝氧气安全拆解、热抽脱电解液、热解脱膜脱粉、分选得到铜箔、铝箔、黑粉和薄膜,其特征在于,废锂离子电池热抽脱得到的电解液进行脱氟处理,脱氟的电解液主要用于废铅膏熔炼的部分燃料替代,其余部分用于燃烧制备二氧化碳,所述二氧化碳用于废锂离子电池拆解的保护气。
进一步地,废铅膏熔炼的高温烟气部分用于废锂离子电池热抽脱电解液和热解脱膜脱粉的热源、其余大部分回收能量后深度治理再排放。
进一步地,废锂离子电池热抽脱电解液与热解脱膜脱粉后的烟气返回废铅膏熔炼的高温烟气再利用或治理。
进一步地,废铅膏熔炼的高温烟气能够直接作为热载体,或能够作为间接热载体。
本发明的有益效果在于:
本发明将废铅蓄电池和废锂离子电池的回收工艺深度结合,将废锂离子电池中的部分电解液作为燃料用于再生铅系统,将部分电解液制备高浓度二氧化碳作为废锂离子电池拆解工序的保护气体,实现了废锂离子电池中电解液的资源化利用,既保障了再生锂系统的安全性,也减少了再生铅系统的能源消耗;将再生铅系统熔炼产生的高温烟气用于废锂离子电池中电解液的热抽脱与拆解混料中粘结剂的热分解(即热解脱模脱粉),减少了再生锂系统的能源消耗和废气产生量,降低了废气处理设备的投入。
本发明通过协同处置再生铅与再生锂两个系统的资源、废弃物与能量,结合了两个系统的技术优势,简化了单纯再生锂系统的工艺,减少设备投入,提高了生产效率,大大降低了能耗,大幅提高经济与环保效益。
附图说明
图1是本发明的工艺流程框图。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步说明,但本发明并不限于此。
实施例1
如图1所示,本实施例中一种废铅蓄电池与废锂离子电池协同回收的工艺按以下步骤进行:
(1)将废铅蓄电池依次通过拆解分选预处理、废铅膏预脱硫和熔炼(750~950℃)后得到再生铅产品(铅锭),其中熔炼工序使用的燃料为天然气和脱氟后的废锂离子电池电解液。废锂离子电池依次通过二氧化碳隔绝氧气安全拆解、热抽脱(150~200℃)电解液、热解(500~600℃)脱膜脱粉处理后,通过分选得到铜箔、铝箔、黑粉和薄膜。
(2)收集步骤(1)中的废锂离子电池拆解后热抽脱得到的电解液,进行脱氟处理后,大部分(约70%)作为燃料用于再生铅系统的熔炼工序,如此能够显著减少废铅膏熔炼工序的天然气使用量;小部分(约30%)单独燃烧后制备高浓度二氧化碳,二氧化碳作为保护气体用于废锂离子电池绝氧安全拆解工序,从而不需要额外引入氮气或二氧化碳等保护气体。
(3)将步骤(1)中熔炼工序产生的烟气中的一小部分(约10%)用作废锂离子电池拆解后混料热抽脱除电解液的热源,使电解液受热挥发,实现电解液的分离;将另一小部分(约15%)用作脱除电解液后锂离子电池混料热解脱膜脱粉的热源,将铜箔和铝箔上的粘结剂进行热分解,实现铜箔和铝箔上粘结正负极粉的脱落;再将上述废锂离子电池热抽脱电解液与热解脱膜脱粉后的两部分烟气返回合并至再生铅系统的烟气中,再利用或通过余热锅炉等方式回收能量后深度治理再达标排放。
Claims (4)
1.一种废铅蓄电池与废锂离子电池协同回收的工艺,其特征在于:废铅蓄电池的处理工艺为拆解分选预处理、废铅膏预脱硫、熔炼、烟气深度净化后排放,废锂离子电池的处理工艺为二氧化碳隔绝氧气安全拆解、热抽脱电解液、热解脱膜脱粉、分选得到铜箔、铝箔、黑粉和薄膜,其特征在于,废锂离子电池热抽脱得到的电解液进行脱氟处理,脱氟的电解液主要用于废铅膏低温熔炼的部分燃料替代,其余部分用于燃烧制备二氧化碳,二氧化碳用于废锂离子电池拆解的保护气。
2.根据权利要求1所述的废铅蓄电池与废锂离子电池协同回收的工艺,其特征在于,废铅膏熔炼的高温烟气部分用于废锂离子电池热抽脱电解液和热解脱膜脱粉的热源、其余大部分回收能量后深度治理再排放。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的废铅蓄电池与废锂离子电池协同回收的工艺,其特征在于,废锂离子电池热抽脱电解液与热解脱膜脱粉后的烟气返回废铅膏熔炼的高温烟气再利用或治理。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的废铅蓄电池与废锂离子电池协同回收的工艺,其特征在于,废铅膏熔炼的高温烟气能够直接作为热载体,或能够作为间接热载体。
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