CN114249615A - Livestock and poultry manure fermentation process - Google Patents
Livestock and poultry manure fermentation process Download PDFInfo
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- CN114249615A CN114249615A CN202111503611.4A CN202111503611A CN114249615A CN 114249615 A CN114249615 A CN 114249615A CN 202111503611 A CN202111503611 A CN 202111503611A CN 114249615 A CN114249615 A CN 114249615A
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- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 111
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 110
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 244000144972 livestock Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 244000144977 poultry Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 238000010564 aerobic fermentation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 34
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
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- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
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- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011398 Portland cement Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000019353 potassium silicate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 244000063299 Bacillus subtilis Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000014469 Bacillus subtilis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000626621 Geobacillus Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000223261 Trichoderma viride Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010903 husk Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- -1 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000629493 Extremus Species 0.000 claims 1
- 241000589596 Thermus Species 0.000 claims 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 13
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 14
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 12
- 239000004343 Calcium peroxide Substances 0.000 description 6
- LHJQIRIGXXHNLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium peroxide Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][O-] LHJQIRIGXXHNLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 235000019402 calcium peroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 6
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- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- 206010021143 Hypoxia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005273 aeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000033558 biomineral tissue development Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009264 composting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003864 humus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007954 hypoxia Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920005610 lignin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F3/00—Fertilisers from human or animal excrements, e.g. manure
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/10—Addition or removal of substances other than water or air to or from the material during the treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/20—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation using specific microorganisms or substances, e.g. enzymes, for activating or stimulating the treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/60—Heating or cooling during the treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/90—Apparatus therefor
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F3/00—Fertilisers from human or animal excrements, e.g. manure
- C05F3/06—Apparatus for the manufacture
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/20—Fertilizers of biological origin, e.g. guano or fertilizers made from animal corpses
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
Abstract
The invention discloses a livestock and poultry manure fermentation process, and relates to the technical field of waste resource recycling in animal husbandry. The invention relates to a livestock manure fermentation process, which comprises the following steps: pumping the collected livestock and poultry manure into a stirring tank, adding auxiliary materials, uniformly stirring and mixing, adding fermentation strains, and continuously stirring and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixed material; s2: transferring the mixed material into an aerobic fermentation tank, wherein a plurality of fermentation catalysis nets are arranged in the aerobic fermentation tank, and performing aerobic fermentation after filling of one layer of mixed material and one layer of fermentation catalysis nets; s3: and (4) conveying the fermented material out for subsequent resource utilization. The invention discloses a fermentation process of livestock and poultry manure, which utilizes a fermentation catalytic net to assist aerobic fermentation, can promote the fermentation process and shorten the fermentation time, does not need to carry out turning treatment in the fermentation process, and can effectively save the field space required by fermentation and save manpower.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of animal husbandry waste resource recycling, in particular to a livestock and poultry manure fermentation process.
Background
In the coming years, with the expansion of livestock breeding scale, the discharge amount of feces of livestock is increasing and becoming an important component of domestic environmental pollution sources. According to the data of the national first pollution source census bulletin, the main water pollutant discharge amount of livestock and poultry breeding industry with more than national scale is shown: the chemical oxygen demand is 1268.26 million tons, the total nitrogen is 102.48 million tons, and the total phosphorus is 16.04 million tons, which respectively account for 95.78%, 37.89% and 56.34% of the discharge amount of agricultural pollution sources, and the livestock and poultry breeding industry becomes one of the important sources of agricultural non-point source pollution in China, so the research on the treatment of the livestock and poultry manure is more and more important.
Fermentation is one of the important means of treating the feces of the livestock at present, the feces of the livestock can be changed into organic fertilizer or raw materials of feed through fermentation treatment, then resource utilization is carried out, the fermentation of the feces of the livestock is divided into aerobic fermentation and anaerobic fermentation, usually, the aerobic fermentation is selected for the fermentation of the bio-organic fertilizer, the aerobic fermentation is a method for achieving harmlessness and stabilization by utilizing the action of aerobic microorganisms under the condition that organic fertilizer turning equipment is used for composting the feces, and then the organic fertilizer is changed into high-quality organic fertilizer. However, the traditional aerobic fermentation method also has the problems of large occupied area, large influence by weather and environment, long fermentation period, often 25 to 30 days and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above problems, the present invention aims to disclose a fermentation process of poultry and livestock manure, wherein a fermentation catalytic net is used to assist aerobic fermentation, so as to promote fermentation process and shorten fermentation time, and meanwhile, no turning treatment is required during fermentation, so that the field space required by fermentation can be effectively saved, and manpower is saved.
Specifically, the preparation method of the livestock and poultry manure fermentation process specifically comprises the following steps:
s1: pumping the collected livestock and poultry manure into a stirring tank, adding auxiliary materials, uniformly stirring and mixing, adding fermentation strains, and continuously stirring and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixed material;
s2: transferring the mixed material into an aerobic fermentation tank, wherein a plurality of fermentation catalysis nets are arranged in the aerobic fermentation tank, and performing aerobic fermentation after filling of one layer of mixed material and one layer of fermentation catalysis nets;
s3: the fermented materials are transported out for subsequent resource utilization;
the fermentation catalysis net includes the skeleton and fixes the auxiliary particle on the skeleton, the skeleton is including the metal support skeleton that is wavy structure to and winding breather pipe and heating pipe on the metal support skeleton, the metal support skeleton is woven by titanium alloy fiber bundle and is formed porous network structure, breather pipe and heating pipe are the polytetrafluoroethylene hose, the breather pipe winding is on the warp of support skeleton, and the heating pipe winding is on the weft of support skeleton, a plurality of air vents have been seted up on the breather pipe.
The livestock manure fermentation process of the invention alternately arranges the livestock manure subjected to mixed treatment and the fermentation catalytic nets at intervals, in the process of fermentation, the aeration pipe and the heating pipe arranged on the fermentation catalysis net can be used for introducing air into the fermented livestock manure and carrying out heating treatment, so that the oxygen content in the livestock manure can be improved, the fermentation temperature can be controlled, the aerobic fermentation process of the livestock manure can be promoted, the fermentation speed can be accelerated, the fermentation time can be shortened, and the turning and throwing treatment is not needed in the fermentation process, the field space required by aerobic fermentation can be saved, the labor is saved, and set up in the time of breather pipe and heating pipe, can avoid letting in the air to lead to the temperature reduction in the mixed material on the one hand, on the other hand can avoid heating too much and lead to the mixed material in the temperature intensification too fast too high, therefore the two is balanced each other, coordinate, plays the effect that promotes the fermentation process.
In addition, the wave-shaped and porous structure of the fermentation catalysis net can increase the contact area between the fermentation catalysis net and the mixed material to achieve a better regulation effect, and on the other hand, the redundant mash produced in the fermentation process can flow downwards, so that the mash produced by fermentation can be prevented from generating foam to a certain extent to influence the flow of air.
Further, the auxiliary material is one or more of rice husk, rice bran and straw.
Through the added auxiliary materials, on one hand, the moisture content in the livestock manure can be adjusted, and simultaneously, the C/N ratio in the livestock manure can be adjusted, so that the state of the mixed material is more suitable for the cultivation fermentation, and on the other hand, the bulk density of the livestock manure can be improved to a certain extent through the addition of the auxiliary materials, so that the interior of the livestock manure becomes looser, and the air transfer is facilitated.
Further, the C/N ratio of the mixed materials is as follows: 25-30.
Further, the fermentation strain is two or more of bacillus subtilis, extreme thermophilic bacteria, geobacillus, white rot fungi and trichoderma viride.
Further, the aerobic fermentation in the step S2 is specifically performed by: heating the mixed material by a heating pipe 1-2 days before fermentation, controlling the temperature at 30-45 ℃, and intermittently introducing air through a vent pipe every 12h, heating the mixed material by the heating pipe 3-8 days after aerobic fermentation, controlling the temperature at 55-60 ℃, and intermittently introducing air with the oxygen content of 30-35% through the vent pipe every 6h, wherein the ventilation rate is 0.05-0.08 m3And/min, naturally cooling, standing, compacting, sealing, stacking and decomposing till the fermentation is finished.
In the early stage of aerobic fermentation, aerobic microorganisms in the mixed material decompose easily-decomposed organic substances such as sugar, starch, protein and the like, an aerobic fermentation process is started, the microorganisms mostly belong to middle-temperature microorganisms, the activity of the microorganisms is weakened or even die due to overhigh temperature, the fermentation is slow due to overlow temperature, the fermentation time is greatly prolonged, in the middle stage of fermentation, the aerobic microorganisms in the mixed material replace the aerobic microorganisms, the complex organic substances such as cellulose, hemicellulose, pectin and the like in the mixed material are strongly and rapidly decomposed, the oxygen consumption is greatly increased, the proper temperature is also increased, in the later stage of fermentation, most organic matters in the mixed material are decomposed, lignin which is difficult to decompose, newly-generated humus and the like are remained, the activity of the microorganisms is weakened, and only normal air flow is needed, and the mineralization of organic matters can be weakened by compacting the organic matters, which is beneficial to fertilizer conservation.
Furthermore, the auxiliary particles are prepared by mixing and granulating active carbon, calcium peroxide, plant ash and a binder.
Furthermore, the mass ratio of the activated carbon, the plant ash, the calcium peroxide and the binder is (40-55): (20-30): (5-6): (3-5).
Further, the binder comprises one or more of portland cement, water glass and starch.
Further, the preparation method of the auxiliary particles comprises the following steps: respectively drying the activated carbon, the plant ash and the calcium oxide, then adding the activated carbon and the calcium oxide into a granulator, stirring and mixing uniformly, adding the plant ash, continuing stirring and mixing uniformly, adding the binder, mixing and granulating to obtain the auxiliary granules.
Add the auxiliary material in birds poultry excrement and urine, can generate organic acid at the in-process of aerobic fermentation, lead to the pH value of mixed material to reduce, and the microorganism activity of aerobic fermentation is better under the environment of alkalescence, the supplementary granule of adding uses plant ash and calcium oxide as the raw materials, thereby can neutralize the organic acid that generates and make and be more favorable to the reproduction and the growth of microorganism, and calcium peroxide still can generate oxygen after meeting water, also can be favorable to increasing the oxygen content in the mixed material, in addition, the active carbon of adding can adsorb heavy metal ion etc. in the birds poultry excrement, can avoid secondary pollution to a certain extent.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention discloses a livestock manure fermentation process, which utilizes a fermentation catalytic net to assist aerobic fermentation, can provide more oxygen and more suitable temperature for the livestock manure fermentation process, promotes the fermentation process, shortens the fermentation time, does not need to turn over and throw in the fermentation process, can effectively save the field space required by fermentation, and saves manpower.
2. According to the livestock and poultry manure fermentation process, the auxiliary particles can adjust the pH value in the fermentation process to a certain extent, so that the growth and the reproduction of microorganisms are facilitated, and meanwhile, heavy metals in the livestock and poultry manure can be adsorbed, and secondary pollution is prevented.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples below:
the invention discloses a livestock manure fermentation process, which is characterized in that after livestock manure is mixed and treated, an aerobic fermentation process is completed on a fermentation catalysis net, the fermentation catalysis net comprises a framework and auxiliary particles fixed on the framework, the framework comprises a metal supporting framework in a wavy structure, and a vent pipe and a heating pipe which are wound on the metal supporting framework, the metal supporting framework is woven by titanium alloy fiber bundles to form a porous net structure, the vent pipe and the heating pipe are polytetrafluoroethylene hoses, the vent pipe is wound on warp threads of the supporting framework, the heating pipe is wound on weft threads of the supporting framework, and the vent pipe is provided with a plurality of vent holes for introducing air into a mixed material, and the process is as follows:
example one
Preparation of auxiliary particles: respectively weighing activated carbon, plant ash, calcium peroxide, a binder Portland cement, water glass and starch according to a mass ratio of 55:30:6:5, respectively drying the activated carbon, the plant ash and the calcium oxide, then adding the activated carbon and the calcium oxide into a granulator, stirring and mixing uniformly, adding the plant ash, continuously stirring and mixing uniformly, adding the binder, mixing and granulating to obtain auxiliary particles with the particle size of 0.1-0.3 mm.
Weaving titanium alloy fiber bundles into a wave-shaped and porous net-shaped structure to obtain a supporting framework, winding a vent pipe and a heating pipe on warp and weft of the supporting framework respectively, spraying an adhesive on the supporting framework, wherein the adhesive is conventional and available, and adhering auxiliary particles to the supporting framework according to the amount of 250 g/square meter to obtain the fermentation catalytic net.
The fermentation of the livestock manure is carried out by utilizing the prepared fermentation catalytic net, which comprises the following steps:
s1: and (2) putting the collected 20.56kg of livestock manure into a stirring pool, weighing 1kg of rice husks and 1kg of rice bran, uniformly stirring and mixing, putting into a reaction kettle, adding 100g of bacillus subtilis, 50g of extreme thermophilic bacteria and 125g of white rot fungi, and continuously stirring and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixed material, wherein the C/N ratio of the mixed material is 30.
Pretreatment: transferring the mixed material into an aerobic fermentation tank, wherein the aerobic fermentation tank is filled with a layer of mixed material with the thickness of 5cm and a layer of fermentation catalytic net, starting aerobic fermentation, heating the mixed material by a heating pipe 1-2 days before fermentation, controlling the temperature to be 35-40 ℃, simultaneously intermittently introducing air through a vent pipe every 12h, controlling the temperature to be 55-60 ℃ for the mixed material by the heating pipe, intermittently introducing air with the oxygen content of 30-35% through the vent pipe every 6h, and controlling the ventilation rate to be 0.05m3And/min, naturally cooling, standing, compacting, sealing, stacking and decomposing till the fermentation is finished.
Reaction: and (4) conveying the fermented material out for subsequent resource utilization.
Example two
Preparation of auxiliary particles: respectively weighing activated carbon, plant ash, calcium peroxide, a binder Portland cement, water glass and starch according to a mass ratio of 50:25:5:4, respectively drying the activated carbon, the plant ash and the calcium oxide, then adding the activated carbon and the calcium oxide into a granulator, stirring and mixing uniformly, adding the plant ash, continuously stirring and mixing uniformly, adding the binder, mixing and granulating to obtain auxiliary particles with the particle size of 0.1-0.3 mm.
Weaving titanium alloy fiber bundles into a wave-shaped and porous reticular structure to obtain a supporting framework, respectively winding a vent pipe and a heating pipe on warp and weft of the supporting framework, spraying an adhesive on the supporting framework, and adhering auxiliary particles to the supporting framework according to the amount of 300 g/square meter to obtain the fermentation catalytic mesh.
The fermentation of the livestock manure is carried out by utilizing the prepared fermentation catalytic net, which comprises the following steps:
s1: and (2) putting 30kg of the collected livestock manure into a stirring pool, weighing 1.2kg of rice bran and 2kg of straws, uniformly stirring and mixing, putting into a reaction kettle, adding 100g of bacillus subtilis, 25g of geobacillus, 200g of white rot fungi and trichoderma viride, and continuously stirring and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixed material, wherein the C/N ratio of the mixed material is 28.
Pretreatment: transferring the mixed material into an aerobic fermentation tank, wherein the aerobic fermentation tank is filled with a layer of mixed material with the thickness of 5cm and a layer of fermentation catalytic net, starting aerobic fermentation, heating the mixed material by a heating pipe 1-2 days before fermentation, controlling the temperature to be 40-45 ℃, simultaneously intermittently introducing air through a vent pipe every 12h, controlling the temperature to be 55-60 ℃ for the mixed material by the heating pipe, intermittently introducing air with the oxygen content of 30-35% through the vent pipe every 6h, and controlling the ventilation rate to be 0.06m3And/min, naturally cooling, standing, compacting, sealing, stacking and decomposing till the fermentation is finished.
Reaction: and (4) conveying the fermented material out for subsequent resource utilization.
EXAMPLE III
Preparation of auxiliary particles: respectively weighing the activated carbon, the plant ash, the calcium peroxide, the binder portland cement, the water glass and the starch according to a mass ratio of 40:20:5:3, respectively drying the activated carbon, the plant ash and the calcium oxide, then adding the activated carbon and the calcium oxide into a granulator, stirring and mixing uniformly, adding the plant ash, continuing stirring and mixing uniformly, adding the binder, mixing and granulating to obtain auxiliary particles with the particle size of 0.1-0.3 mm.
Weaving titanium alloy fiber bundles into a wave-shaped and porous reticular structure to obtain a supporting framework, respectively winding a vent pipe and a heating pipe on warp and weft of the supporting framework, spraying an adhesive on the supporting framework, and adhering auxiliary particles to the supporting framework according to the quantity of 260 g/square meter to obtain the fermentation catalytic mesh.
The fermentation of the livestock manure is carried out by utilizing the prepared fermentation catalytic net, which comprises the following steps:
s1: and (2) putting the collected 20.56kg of livestock manure into a stirring pool, weighing 1.5kg of rice husks and 1kg of straws, uniformly stirring and mixing, putting into a reaction kettle, adding 50g of extreme thermophilic bacteria, 100g of geobacillus and 100g of trichoderma viride, continuously stirring and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixed material, wherein the C/N ratio of the mixed material is 25.
Pretreatment: transferring the mixed material into an aerobic fermentation tank, wherein the aerobic fermentation tank is filled with a layer of mixed material with the thickness of 5cm and a layer of fermentation catalytic net, starting aerobic fermentation, heating the mixed material by a heating pipe 1-2 days before fermentation, controlling the temperature to be 30-35 ℃, simultaneously intermittently introducing air through a vent pipe every 12h, controlling the temperature to be 55-60 ℃ for the mixed material by the heating pipe, intermittently introducing air with the oxygen content of 30-35% through the vent pipe every 6h, and controlling the ventilation rate to be 0.08m3And/min, naturally cooling, standing, compacting, sealing, stacking and decomposing till the fermentation is finished.
Reaction: and (4) conveying the fermented material out for subsequent resource utilization.
Experiment-determination of organic matter content
The organic matter content of the mixed material and the product obtained by the decomposing fermentation in the first to third embodiments is detected, and meanwhile, the same mixed material in the first embodiment is compared by adopting a conventional aerobic fermentation method, and specifically, the method comprises the following steps: sampling is respectively carried out at the 0 th, 2 th, 5 th, 8 th and 14 th d of the fermentation, sampling points are the front, the rear, the left, the right and the middle positions of the fermentation pile, the average values are obtained after the measurement, and the detection results are shown in the table 1:
TABLE 1 determination of organic matter content
| Item | 0d(g/kg) | 2d(g/kg) | 5d(g/kg) | 8d(g/kg) | 14d(g/kg) |
| Example one | 729 | 652 | 549 | 468 | 403 |
| Example two | 739 | 679 | 568 | 472 | 409 |
| EXAMPLE III | 711 | 665 | 551 | 449 | 396 |
| Comparative example | 729 | 693 | 604 | 546 | 498 |
As can be seen from the data in Table 1, by adopting the livestock manure fermentation process, in the process of aerobic fermentation of piled livestock manure, the content of organic matters is lower than that in the conventional aerobic fermentation in proportion in each period, and the result proves that the aerobic fermentation method can promote the decomposition of the organic matters, is favorable for promoting the fermentation process and shortens the fermentation time.
Experiment II pH Change
The pH of the mixture and the product obtained by the decomposition fermentation in the first to third examples was measured, and the conventional aerobic fermentation method was used as a comparison, and the sampling method was the same as the first experiment, and the measurement results are shown in table 2:
TABLE 2 pH test results
| Item | 0d | 2d | 5d | 8d | 14d |
| Example one | 7.3 | 7.4 | 7.2 | 7.1 | 7.1 |
| Example two | 7.4 | 7.5 | 7.3 | 7.2 | 7.1 |
| EXAMPLE III | 7.2 | 7.3 | 7.2 | 7.1 | 7.1 |
| Comparative example | 7.5 | 8.5 | 6 | 6.8 | 6.9 |
As can be seen from the data in Table 2, the pH value in the fermentation process is basically stabilized in the neutral slightly alkaline environment and is suitable for the growth of microorganisms by the aerobic fermentation method, while the pH value of the comparative example is firstly increased, then decreased and finally stabilized, the initial increase is because anaerobic fermentation occurs due to the partial hypoxia of the fermentation pile in the fermentation treatment, and the subsequent decrease is because organic acid is generated by the decomposition of auxiliary materials and finally tends to be stabilized along with the progress of the fermentation.
Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims. The techniques, shapes, and configurations not described in detail in the present invention are all known techniques.
Claims (9)
1. The fermentation process of the livestock and poultry manure is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: pumping the collected livestock and poultry manure into a stirring tank, adding auxiliary materials, uniformly stirring and mixing, adding fermentation strains, and continuously stirring and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixed material;
s2: transferring the mixed material into an aerobic fermentation tank, wherein a plurality of fermentation catalysis nets are arranged in the aerobic fermentation tank, and performing aerobic fermentation after filling of one layer of mixed material and one layer of fermentation catalysis nets;
s3: the fermented materials are transported out for subsequent resource utilization;
the fermentation catalysis net includes the skeleton and fixes the auxiliary particle on the skeleton, the skeleton is including the metal support skeleton that is wavy structure to and winding breather pipe and heating pipe on the metal support skeleton, the metal support skeleton is woven by titanium alloy fiber bundle and is formed porous network structure, breather pipe and heating pipe are the polytetrafluoroethylene hose, the breather pipe winding is on the warp of support skeleton, and the heating pipe winding is on the weft of support skeleton, a plurality of air vents have been seted up on the breather pipe.
2. The fermentation process of livestock and poultry manure according to claim 1, characterized in that the auxiliary material is one or more of rice husk, rice bran and straw.
3. The livestock manure fermentation process according to claim 2, wherein the C/N ratio of the mixed material is: 25-30.
4. The fermentation process of livestock and poultry manure according to claim 3, wherein the fermentation strain is a mixture of two or more of Bacillus subtilis, Thermus extremus, Geobacillus, white rot fungi and Trichoderma viride.
5. The livestock manure fermentation process of claim 4, wherein the aerobic fermentation of the step S2 is specifically operated as follows: heating the mixed material by a heating pipe 1-2 days before fermentation, controlling the temperature at 30-45 ℃, and intermittently introducing air through a vent pipe every 12h, heating the mixed material by the heating pipe 3-8 days after aerobic fermentation, controlling the temperature at 55-60 ℃, and intermittently introducing air with the oxygen content of 30-35% through the vent pipe every 6h, wherein the ventilation rate is 0.05-0.08 m3And/min, naturally cooling, standing, compacting, sealing, stacking and decomposing till the fermentation is finished.
6. The fermentation process of livestock and poultry manure according to claim 5, wherein the auxiliary particles are prepared by mixing and granulating activated carbon, calcium oxide, plant ash and a binder.
7. The livestock manure fermentation process as claimed in claim 6, wherein the mass ratio of the activated carbon, the plant ash, the calcium oxide and the binder is (40-55): 20-30): 5-6): 3-5.
8. The livestock manure fermentation process according to any one of claims 1-7, wherein the binder comprises one or more of portland cement, water glass and starch.
9. The livestock manure fermentation process of claim 8, wherein the preparation method of the auxiliary particles comprises: respectively drying the activated carbon, the plant ash and the calcium oxide, then adding the activated carbon and the calcium oxide into a granulator, stirring and mixing uniformly, adding the plant ash, continuing stirring and mixing uniformly, adding the binder, mixing and granulating to obtain the auxiliary granules.
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