CN114230397A - Agricultural fertilizer capable of preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests - Google Patents
Agricultural fertilizer capable of preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests Download PDFInfo
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- CN114230397A CN114230397A CN202111605688.2A CN202111605688A CN114230397A CN 114230397 A CN114230397 A CN 114230397A CN 202111605688 A CN202111605688 A CN 202111605688A CN 114230397 A CN114230397 A CN 114230397A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C11/00—Other nitrogenous fertilisers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D1/00—Fertilisers containing potassium
- C05D1/02—Manufacture from potassium chloride or sulfate or double or mixed salts thereof
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/60—Biocides or preservatives, e.g. disinfectants, pesticides or herbicides; Pest repellants or attractants
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/20—Liquid fertilisers
Abstract
The invention specifically discloses an agricultural fertilizer for preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests, and a preparation method and application thereof. The agricultural fertilizer is prepared by mixing ethanol extract, fertilizer components and Chinese medicinal liquid of ginkgo leaf processing waste liquid obtained by filtering, concentrating and precipitating ginkgo leaf processing waste liquid; the agricultural fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight, 1-15% of an ethanol extract of ginkgo leaf processing waste liquid, 1-35% of fertilizer components and 50-98% of a traditional Chinese medicine liquid. The fertilizer is applied by irrigating, root irrigating, sprinkling, furrow applying, spraying, hole applying or mixing with organic fertilizer as base fertilizer, and is used for preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests or regulating plant growth.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of agriculture, in particular to an agricultural fertilizer capable of preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests, and also relates to a preparation method and application of the fertilizer.
Background
The Zhou city of Jiangsu province is a famous domestic gingko and garlic production base, a melon and fruit and vegetable scale facility planting area has over 80 ten thousand mu of white garlic planting area of the Zhou city, more than 30 ten thousand mu of gingko is planted, 5 ten thousand mu of gingko exists only in a national gingko exhibition garden (town of Port), wherein the close planting garden for the gingko is 3.3 ten thousand mu, the GAP leaf picking garden for the gingko is 1 ten thousand mu, and the fruit and vegetable planting area such as grapes, apples, cucumbers, watermelons, tomatoes, radishes, leeks, Chinese cabbages and the like is star chess cloth, so that the Zhou city of Jiangsu province is extremely rich in agricultural products. However, diseases and insect pests in the planting industry are always one of the main factors influencing agricultural production, and fungi, bacteria, nematodes, maggots and the like are difficult to control. The application of the traditional chemical pesticide and an improper applicable method not only cause pollution of ecological environment, but also bring potential threat to human health. The method is particularly important for seeking natural pollution-free and residue-free pesticide varieties by focusing on the current application situation of the traditional agricultural pests, and the effective components of plants with sterilization and insecticidal effects are selected in a targeted manner to prepare all-natural products for preventing and treating fungi, bacteria, nematodes and maggots, so that the agricultural pests can be solved, the pesticide cost can be reduced for lasting effect, the residue and environmental pollution can be obviously reduced, the toxicity and phytotoxicity of the pesticide can be reduced, and the method is a research and development subject for improving the quality and enhancing the effect of agricultural production in the future.
The ginkgolic acid is a natural active substance which is well recognized by the scientific and technological field and has good effect on preventing plant diseases and insect pests, the invention focuses on the research on ginkgolic acid remained in waste liquid after the ginkgo leaves are extracted with flavonoid substances, combines the inspiration of utilizing related plant branches and leaves to be put in sewage and septic tanks for preventing insects, killing maggots and the like in vast rural areas, and obtains unexpected discovery in experiments. The plant disease and insect pest prevention and control agent can effectively solve the problems of plant diseases and insect pests and plant growth through processing, extraction and combination, and a substitute product is found for reducing the use of chemical pesticides with strong toxicity and high residue.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an agricultural special fertilizer with the functions of preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests and regulating plant growth.
The invention provides an agricultural fertilizer capable of preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests.
The agricultural fertilizer with the function of preventing and treating diseases and insect pests is characterized in that the agricultural fertilizer is prepared by mixing ethanol extract, fertilizer components and Chinese medicine liquid of ginkgo leaf processing waste liquid obtained by filtering, concentrating and precipitating ginkgo leaf processing waste liquid; the agricultural fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight, 1-15% of an ethanol extract of ginkgo leaf processing waste liquid, 1-35% of fertilizer components and 50-98% of a traditional Chinese medicine liquid;
the invention preferably discloses an agricultural fertilizer for preventing and treating diseases and insect pests, which is characterized in that the agricultural fertilizer is prepared by mixing ethanol extract, fertilizer components and Chinese medicinal liquid of ginkgo leaf processing waste liquid obtained by filtering, concentrating and precipitating ginkgo leaf processing waste liquid, and is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: the ethanol extract of folium Ginkgo processing waste liquid is 2-13%, fertilizer component is 3-32%, and Chinese medicinal liquid is 55-95%.
Further preferably, the agricultural fertilizer for preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests is characterized in that the agricultural fertilizer is prepared by mixing ethanol extract of ginkgo leaf processing waste liquid obtained by filtering, concentrating and precipitating ginkgo leaf processing waste liquid, fertilizer components and Chinese medicinal liquid, and the agricultural fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 5-10% of ethanol extract of ginkgo leaf processing waste liquid, 5-25% of fertilizer components and 65-90% of traditional Chinese medicine liquid.
The ethanol extract of the ginkgo leaf processing waste liquid is prepared by the following method: taking the waste liquid after processing the ginkgo leaves, sieving with a 500-mesh sieve, heating and concentrating to obtain thick paste, drying and crushing the thick paste to obtain powder, adding ethanol with the content of 90% V/V which is 3 times of the powder by weight, fully stirring for 1 hour, standing for 48-72 hours at the temperature of 2-4 ℃, and filtering to obtain supernatant to obtain the ethanol extract of the ginkgo leaf processing waste liquid, wherein the ethanol extract is detected to have the content of ginkgolic acid of more than 7.5%;
the fertilizer component is one or more of a nitrogenous fertilizer, a phosphate fertilizer, a potash fertilizer, a zinc fertilizer, a boron fertilizer, a manganese fertilizer, a copper fertilizer, an iron fertilizer and an amino acid fertilizer;
the nitrogen fertilizer is any one of urea, ammonium bicarbonate, ammonium sulfate, ammonium chloride and ammonium nitrate;
the phosphate fertilizer is any one of calcium superphosphate, calcium magnesium phosphate, monoammonium phosphate, diammonium phosphate and calcium hydrophosphate;
the potash fertilizer is any one of potassium chloride, potassium sulfate, potassium oxide, potassium magnesium sulfate fertilizer and plant ash;
the zinc fertilizer is zinc sulfate heptahydrate, zinc sulfate monohydrate, zinc chloride, zinc nitrate and chelated zinc (Na)2Zn HEDTA) Chelating zinc with amino acids (zu.H)2N.r.cooh).
The boric fertilizer is any one of boric acid, borax and sodium pentaborate;
the manganese fertilizer is any one of manganese sulfate, manganese oxide, manganese carbonate and manganese chloride;
the copper fertilizer is copper sulfate or chelated copper (Na)2CuEDTA) and amino acid chelated copper (cu.h)2N.r.cooh);
the iron fertilizer is ferrous sulfate, ammonium ferrous sulfate, urea iron, chelated iron (EDTA-Fe or EDDHA-Fe) and amino acid chelated iron (Fe.H)2N.r.cooh);
the amino acid fertilizer is one or more of lysine, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, cystine, hydroxyproline, glycine, alanine, serine, threonine, cysteine, glutamine, asparagine, tyrosine, arginine, histidine, alanine, valine, leucine, isoleucine, proline, phenylalanine and tryptophan;
the traditional Chinese medicine in the traditional Chinese medicine liquid comprises the following raw medicinal materials: eucalyptus leaves, chinaberry leaves, masson pine leaves, camphor leaves, amorpha fruticosa leaves, walnut leaves, peach leaves, castor leaves, tomato leaves, polygonum tinctorium and tea seed cakes;
the traditional Chinese medicine liquid comprises, by mass, 10-20 parts of eucalyptus leaves, 5-10 parts of chinaberry leaves, 10-20 parts of masson pine leaves, 5-10 parts of camphor leaves, 10-20 parts of amorpha fruticosa leaves, 10-18 parts of walnut leaves, 10-15 parts of peach leaves, 7-14 parts of castor leaves, 12-20 parts of tomato leaves, 12-16 parts of polygonum flaccidum and 5-12 parts of tea cakes.
The traditional Chinese medicine liquid comprises, by mass, 10 parts of eucalyptus leaves, 10 parts of chinaberry leaves, 15 parts of masson pine leaves, 10 parts of camphor leaves, 16 parts of amorpha fruticosa leaves, 18 parts of walnut leaves, 15 parts of peach leaves, 7 parts of castor leaves, 12 parts of tomato leaves, 14 parts of polygonum tinctorium and 8 parts of tea cakes.
The traditional Chinese medicine liquid comprises, by mass, 18 parts of eucalyptus leaves, 5 parts of chinaberry leaves, 10 parts of masson pine leaves, 5 parts of camphor tree leaves, 10 parts of amorpha fruticosa leaves, 15 parts of walnut leaves, 10 parts of peach leaves, 12 parts of castor leaves, 20 parts of tomato leaves, 12 parts of polygonum tinctorium and 5 parts of tea cakes.
The traditional Chinese medicine liquid comprises, by mass, 20 parts of eucalyptus leaves, 8 parts of chinaberry leaves, 20 parts of masson pine leaves, 8 parts of camphor leaves, 20 parts of amorpha fruticosa leaves, 12 parts of walnut leaves, 13 parts of peach leaves, 14 parts of castor leaves, 15 parts of tomato leaves, 16 parts of polygonum tinctorium and 12 parts of tea cakes.
The folium Eucalypti Globueli, folium Meliae, folium Pini Massonianae, folium Cinnamomi Camphorae, amorpha fruticosa, folium Juglandis, folium Persicae, folium Ricini, and folium Lycopersici Esculenti can be dry or fresh leaves.
The preparation method of the traditional Chinese medicine liquid comprises the following steps:
firstly, mixing the medicinal materials of eucalyptus leaves, chinaberry leaves, masson pine leaves, camphor leaves, amorpha fruticosa leaves, walnut leaves, peach leaves, castor leaves, tomato leaves, polygonum hydropiper and tea seed cakes in parts by mass according to a proportion, and adding water which is 10-15 times of the total mass of the medicinal materials for soaking for 10-12 hours;
step two, heating and boiling the soaked raw material medicines for 2.5 hours, filtering to obtain filtrate and filter residues to obtain filtrate I for later use, adding water with the mass 6-8 times of that of the filter residues into the filter residues, boiling for 1.5 hours, filtering to obtain filtrate and filter residues to obtain filtrate II for later use, adding water with the mass 3-5 times of that of the filter residues into the filter residues, boiling for 1 hour, and filtering to obtain filtrate III for later use;
step three, combining the filtrate I, II and III obtained in the step two, filtering, heating and concentrating to 1:1 of the mass of the raw medicinal materials to obtain a concentrated solution for later use;
and step four, adding ethanol with the content concentration of 85% V/V into the concentrated solution obtained in the step three for dilution, fully and uniformly stirring, standing for 24-48 hours at the temperature of 2-4 ℃, and filtering to obtain a supernatant to obtain the traditional Chinese medicine liquid, wherein the mass of the added ethanol is 4-8 times of that of the concentrated solution.
The preparation method of the traditional Chinese medicine liquid also comprises the following steps:
step one, mixing the raw medicinal materials according to the proportion, crushing the raw medicinal materials into 40-50 meshes of powder, adding water which is 10-15 times of the total weight of the raw medicinal materials, and soaking for 5-8 hours;
step two, boiling the soaked raw medicinal materials with strong fire for 1 hour, then continuously decocting with slow fire for 2.5 hours, filtering to obtain a filtrate I and filter residue, adding water which is 8-10 times of the weight of the raw medicinal materials into the filter residue, boiling with strong fire, then decocting with slow fire for 2 hours, and filtering to obtain a filtrate II;
step three, combining the filtrate I and the filtrate II obtained in the step two to obtain a mixed solution, filtering the mixed solution, heating and concentrating the mixed solution to obtain a concentrated solution, wherein the weight of the concentrated solution is 5-10 times that of the raw medicinal materials;
and step four, adding the surfactant which is 0.02-0.05 time of the weight of the concentrated solution into the concentrated solution obtained in the step three, and uniformly mixing to obtain the traditional Chinese medicine liquid.
The surfactant is any one of potassium soap, sodium dodecyl sulfate, sodium hexadecyl sulfate, span-60, span-40, Tween-20, Tween-40, Tween-60 and Tween-80.
The application method of the agricultural fertilizer is characterized in that the fertilizer can be independently used for irrigation, root irrigation, sprinkling, furrow application, spraying or hole application; the fertilizer can also be mixed with organic fertilizer to be used as a crop base fertilizer, and has better prevention and treatment effects on diseases and insect pests in soil.
The application of the agricultural fertilizer is characterized in that the agricultural fertilizer can be used for regulating the growth of plants and has the effects of preventing and treating diseases and insect pests of soil and plants. Preferably, the agricultural fertilizer of the present invention is used for controlling soil pests or regulating plant growth. Further preferably, the agricultural fertilizer is used for preventing and treating diseases such as ginkgo nursery root rot, stem rot, leaf blight, wheat sharp eyespot, rice sheath blight, rice blast, tomato leaf blight, strawberry gray mold, cucumber frost rot, pepper phytophthora blight and the like, and preventing and treating insect pests such as various bud worms, cabbage worms, thrips or garlic, Chinese cabbage, leek root maggots and the like or regulating plant growth.
The fertilizer has the following pharmacological actions of the raw medicinal materials:
the folium Eucalypti Globueli is leaf of Eucalyptus globulus Labill, leaf of Eucalyptus globulus Labill or Eucalyptus robusta of Myrtaceae, and has effects of dispelling pathogenic wind, clearing heat, removing toxic substance, relieving inflammation, killing parasite and relieving itching. The medicine is clinically used for treating cold, fever, swollen and sore throat, pneumonia, bronchitis, gastritis, enteritis, dysentery and urinary system infection, and can be externally used for treating symptoms such as carbuncle, swelling, sore, toxin, eczema, dermatitis, scabies, tinea, pruritus, scald caused by hot water and fire, traumatic hemorrhage and the like. It is described that eucalyptus leaves contain not only eucalyptol, eucalyptol hydrocarbons, a and β cineol, terpineol, cineole, a pinene, etc., but also tannin, bitter substances, resins, etc. The product has good inhibitory effect on Staphylococcus aureus, Diplococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus dysenteriae, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Bacillus chilli, Corynebacterium diphtheriae and Bacillus tetanus.
The leaf of Melia azedarach is the leaf of Melia azedarach which is the deciduous tree of Meliaceae, and the flower (Chinaberry flower), leaf (Melia azedarach) and seed and root (Melia azedarach) of Melia azedarach are all used as Chinese medicinal materials. The melia azedarach leaves are slightly bitter in taste and cold in nature, and have the effects of clearing away heat and toxic materials, eliminating dampness, killing parasites, relieving itching, regulating qi and relieving pain. It is commonly indicated for parasites, hernia, swelling and pain due to traumatic injury, and skin eczema.
The masson pine needles are also called masson pine needles, and are bitter in taste and warm in nature and enter heart and spleen meridians. Has the functions of dispelling wind and eliminating dampness, killing parasites and relieving itching, is clinically used for treating arthralgia, lumbocrural pain and lumbar muscle strain, eliminating joint swelling and pyocutaneous disease, particularly eczema with more secretion, and has better treatment effect on parasites.
The folium Cinnamomi Camphorae is the leaf of Cinnamomum camphora of Lauraceae, has effects of dispelling pathogenic wind, removing dampness, relieving pain, killing parasite, sterilizing, and eliminating phlegm, and can be used for treating rheumatalgia, traumatic injury, and stomach ache. For external application, it can cure traumatic injury, dispel toxin, activate qi, alleviate pain, and treat scabies and tinea.
The amorpha fruticosa leaves are leaves of the leguminous deciduous shrub amorpha fruticosa, are rich in nutrition, contain a large amount of crude protein, vitamins and the like, are not only excellent green manure, but also are rich in nutrition. The amorpha fruticosa leaves are slightly bitter and cool. Has effects of eliminating dampness and relieving swelling, and can be used for treating carbuncle, eczema, burn and scald.
The folium Juglandis is the leaf of Juglans regia L of Juglandaceae. The walnut leaves are bitter and astringent in taste and mild in nature, have the effects of resisting bacteria and diminishing inflammation, killing parasites and relieving swelling, and astringing and stopping leukorrhagia, are commonly used for treating skin diseases such as tinea, mange, eczema and the like, and treating damp-heat type leukorrhagia caused by various gynecological inflammations of women. The water extract of folium Juglandis has good bactericidal effect on Bacillus albicans and Bacillus anthracis, has certain bactericidal effect on Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi, cholera lone, Bacillus subtilis, etc., can inhibit in vivo bacteria growth and reproduction, and has antibacterial and antiinflammatory effects.
The folium Persicae is leaf of Prunus persica or Prunus davidiana of Rosaceae, has mild nature, bitter and pungent taste, and enters spleen channel and kidney channel. Has the functions of dispelling wind, clearing away heat and killing pests. It can be used for treating headache, arthralgia, malaria, eczema, skin ulcer, tinea, and sore.
The castor leaf is bitter and pungent, mild in nature and slightly toxic, and is the leaf of castor bean of Euphorbiaceae. Has effects of clearing away heat and toxic materials, relieving swelling and pain, relieving inflammation, killing bacteria, and promoting urination, and can be used for treating rheumatic arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, arthralgia, gout, tinea pedis, rubella, eczema, dermatitis, urticaria, etc.
The tomato leaf is leaf of tomato of Lycopersicon of Solanaceae. The tomato leaf is rich in vitamin B group, dietary fiber, mineral, protein, natural pectin and the like. The tomato leaf can inhibit bacterial growth, resist oxidation, remove free radicals in human body, and has antiaging and skin caring effects. It is often used for treating ulcer, ulcer of lower limbs, etc.
Mare 32719, herba polygoni hydropiperis, also known as horse , is the aerial part of peach leaf Polygonum Personal. Pungent and bitter with warm nature. It enters lung, spleen and large intestine meridians. Has the effects of sweating, dehumidifying, promoting digestion and killing insects. Can be used for treating common cold, damp arthralgia, diarrhea due to improper diet, and intestinal parasite.
The tea seed cake is prepared by squeezing the oil-tea camellia fruit on the camellia, and then removing the residual slag, also called tea seed cake, wherein the tea seed cake contains saponin substances, crude protein, carbohydrate and the like, according to the literature records, the tea seed cake or the tea seed cake extracting solution has very good stomach toxicity and contact killing effect on various insect pests, can be generally applied to crops such as vegetables, fruits, paddy, peach trees, tea leaves, potted flowers and the like, has very good killing effect on preventing insect pests such as conch, desmodium, diaphorina citri, rice leafhopper and the like, and has very good control effect on bud pests and plant hoppers. The tea seed cake can effectively kill aquatic organisms in water and has a good nutritional effect on freshwater fish, so that most aquatic product cultivation in recent years is carried out by applying the tea seed cake, and the tea seed cake is applied to prevention and control of plant diseases and insect pests of crops, and is non-toxic, pollution-free, long-lasting in storage and long-lasting in service life and long in efficacy.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention firstly considers that a large amount of waste liquid in the processing process of the ginkgo leaves not only contains organic and inorganic substances in the ginkgo leaves such as protein, cellulose, resin, colloid, various amino acids, mineral substances, medium and trace mineral elements and the like, meanwhile, the ginkgo biloba extract also contains a certain amount of ginkgolic acid, in order to improve the high-efficiency utilization of the ginkgo biloba processing waste liquid, the scheme of the invention obtains the ginkgolic acid with higher content, in order to improve the high-efficiency utilization of the ginkgo biloba processing waste liquid, the scheme of the invention obtains the ginkgolic acid active substance with higher content, by quantitative analysis of the preparation by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) which is common nowadays, the content of ginkgolic acid is more than 7.5 percent, an efficient method is found for the beneficial utilization of a large amount of ginkgo leaf processing waste liquid, meanwhile, a raw material source is provided for solving the problems of non-toxicity, non-pollution and non-residue prevention and control of agricultural diseases and insect pests.
In order to ensure that the agricultural fertilizer for preventing and treating the soil diseases and insect pests has better sterilization and deinsectization effects, the agricultural fertilizer for preventing and treating the soil diseases and insect pests is prepared by preparing an extracting solution from eucalyptus leaves, chinaberry leaves, masson pine leaves, camphor leaves, amorpha fruticosa leaves, walnut leaves, peach leaves, castor leaves, tomato leaves, polygonum tinctorium, tea cakes and other raw medicinal materials with the effects of sterilization and pest killing, and mixing the extracting solution with a ginkgo leaf processing waste liquid ethanol extracting solution and fertilizer components. The agricultural fertilizer disclosed by the invention is subjected to experimental trial research through the combination of the raw material components, and is found unexpectedly in actual trial, so that the agricultural fertilizer not only can effectively prevent and treat soil diseases and insect pests, but also can be applied to the aspect of regulating plant growth, and has a better application effect.
The invention has the greatest characteristic that the ginkgo leaf processing waste liquid can be effectively and comprehensively utilized, the pollution of the waste liquid to the environment is reduced, and valuable raw material resources for preventing and treating agricultural diseases and insect pests are obtained from waste resources. The raw material and medicinal materials adopted in the invention are rich in resources, a large number of branches and leaves can be recovered every year when trees and gardens are pruned, the price is low, the preparation method is simple and easy to implement, the manufacturing cost is low, and the large-scale production can be realized.
The agricultural fertilizer disclosed by the invention does not cause plant and environment pollution in use, has no residue, can effectively replace or reduce chemical pesticides, avoids pesticide residue and pollution for related medicinal plants, fruits and vegetables, and provides a powerful guarantee for realizing agricultural safety production.
Detailed Description
Example 1
The preparation of an agricultural fertilizer for preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests:
an agricultural fertilizer for preventing and treating diseases and pests is prepared from the alcohol extract of the waste liquid of gingko leaf processing (15 wt.%), fertilizer (5 wt.%), and Chinese-medicinal liquid (80 wt.%); the fertilizer component is amino acid chelated iron (Fe. H)2N, R, COOH), wherein the ethanol extract of the ginkgo leaf processing waste liquid is prepared by the following method; taking the waste liquid after processing the ginkgo leaves, filtering the waste liquid by using a 500-mesh screen, heating and concentrating the filtrate into thick paste, drying and crushing the thick paste to obtain powder, adding industrial ethanol with the content of 90 percent which is 3 times of the weight of the powder, fully stirring the mixture for 1 hour, standing the mixture for 72 hours at the temperature of 4 ℃, and filtering the mixture to obtain supernatant to obtain the ethanol extract of the ginkgo leaf processing waste liquid, wherein the ethanol extract is detected to have the content of ginkgolic acid of 7.62 percent; the traditional Chinese medicine liquid is prepared from the following raw materials, by mass, 10 parts of eucalyptus leaves, 10 parts of chinaberry leaves, 15 parts of masson pine leaves, 10 parts of camphor leaves, 16 parts of amorpha fruticosa leaves, 18 parts of walnut leaves, 15 parts of peach leaves, 7 parts of castor leaves, 12 parts of tomato leaves, 14 parts of polygonum tinctorium and 8 parts of tea cakes according to the following steps;
firstly, mixing the medicinal materials of eucalyptus leaves, chinaberry leaves, masson pine leaves, camphor leaves, amorpha fruticosa leaves, walnut leaves, peach leaves, castor leaves, tomato leaves, polygonum hydropiper and tea seed cakes in parts by mass according to a proportion, and adding water 15 times of the total mass of the medicinal materials for soaking for 10 hours;
step two, heating and boiling the soaked raw medicinal materials for 2.5 hours, filtering to obtain filtrate and filter residues to obtain filtrate I for later use, adding 8 times of water to the filter residues, boiling for 1.5 hours, and filtering to obtain filtrate and filter residues to obtain filtrate II for later use; adding water with the mass 4 times of that of the filter residue into the filter residue, boiling for 1 hour, and filtering to obtain filtrate III for later use;
step three, combining the filtrate I, II and III obtained in the step two, filtering, heating and concentrating to 1:1 of the mass of the raw medicinal materials to obtain a concentrated solution;
and step four, adding industrial ethanol with the content concentration of 85% into the concentrated solution obtained in the step three to dilute, fully and uniformly stirring, standing for 48 hours at the temperature of 4 ℃, filtering and taking supernatant to obtain the traditional Chinese medicine liquid, wherein the mass of the added ethanol is 5 times that of the concentrated solution.
Example 2
The preparation of an agricultural fertilizer for preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests:
an agricultural fertilizer for preventing and treating diseases and insect pests is prepared from the alcohol extract of the waste liquid of ginkgo leaf processing (10 wt.%), fertilizer (10) and Chinese-medicinal liquid (80); the fertilizer component is potassium sulfate; wherein the ethanol extract of the ginkgo leaf processing waste liquid is prepared by the following method; taking the waste liquid after processing the ginkgo leaves, filtering the waste liquid by using a 500-mesh screen, heating and concentrating the filtrate into thick paste, drying and crushing the thick paste to obtain powder, adding industrial ethanol with the content of 90 percent which is 3 times of the weight of the powder, fully stirring the mixture for 1 hour, standing the mixture for 48 hours at the temperature of 2 ℃, and filtering the mixture to obtain supernatant to obtain the ethanol extract of the ginkgo leaf processing waste liquid, wherein the ethanol extract is detected to have the content of ginkgolic acid of 7.57 percent; the traditional Chinese medicine liquid is prepared from the following raw materials, by mass, 18 parts of eucalyptus leaves, 5 parts of chinaberry leaves, 10 parts of masson pine leaves, 5 parts of camphor leaves, 10 parts of amorpha fruticosa leaves, 15 parts of walnut leaves, 10 parts of peach leaves, 12 parts of castor leaves, 20 parts of tomato leaves, 12 parts of polygonum tinctorium and 5 parts of tea cakes according to the following steps;
firstly, mixing the medicinal materials of eucalyptus leaves, chinaberry leaves, masson pine leaves, camphor leaves, amorpha fruticosa leaves, walnut leaves, peach leaves, castor leaves, tomato leaves, polygonum hydropiper and tea seed cakes in parts by mass according to a proportion, and adding water which is 10 times of the total mass of the medicinal materials for soaking for 12 hours;
step two, heating and boiling the soaked raw medicinal materials for 2.5 hours, filtering to obtain filtrate and filter residues to obtain filtrate I for later use, adding 6 times of water to the filter residues, boiling for 1.5 hours, and filtering to obtain filtrate and filter residues to obtain filtrate II for later use; adding water with the mass 5 times of that of the filter residue into the filter residue, boiling for 1 hour, and filtering to obtain filtrate III for later use;
step three, combining the filtrate I, II and III obtained in the step two, filtering, heating and concentrating to 1:1 of the mass of the raw medicinal materials to obtain a concentrated solution;
and step four, adding industrial ethanol with the content concentration of 85% into the concentrated solution obtained in the step three to dilute, fully and uniformly stirring, standing for 24 hours at the temperature of 2 ℃, filtering and taking supernatant to obtain the traditional Chinese medicine liquid, wherein the mass of the added ethanol is 4 times of that of the concentrated solution.
Example 3
The preparation of an agricultural fertilizer for preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests:
an agricultural fertilizer for preventing and treating diseases and pests is prepared from the alcohol extract of the waste liquid of gingko leaf processing (13 wt.%), fertilizer (15) and Chinese-medicinal liquid (72); the fertilizer is prepared by mixing ammonium chloride, diammonium phosphate and potassium chloride, wherein the mass ratio of the components is as follows: diammonium phosphate; potassium chloride =1:0.2: 0.3; wherein the ethanol extract of the ginkgo leaf processing waste liquid is prepared by the following method; taking the waste liquid after processing the ginkgo leaves, filtering the waste liquid by using a 500-mesh screen, heating and concentrating the filtrate into thick paste, drying and crushing the thick paste to obtain powder, adding industrial ethanol with the content of 90 percent which is 3 times of the weight of the powder, fully stirring the mixture for 1 hour, standing the mixture for 60 hours at the temperature of 3 ℃, and filtering the mixture to obtain supernatant to obtain the ethanol extract of the ginkgo leaf processing waste liquid, wherein the ethanol extract is detected to have the content of ginkgolic acid of 7.57 percent; the traditional Chinese medicine liquid is prepared from the following raw materials, by mass, 20 parts of eucalyptus leaves, 8 parts of chinaberry leaves, 20 parts of masson pine leaves, 8 parts of camphor leaves, 20 parts of amorpha fruticosa leaves, 12 parts of walnut leaves, 13 parts of peach leaves, 14 parts of castor leaves, 15 parts of tomato leaves, 16 parts of polygonum tinctorium and 12 parts of tea cakes according to the following steps;
firstly, mixing the medicinal materials of eucalyptus leaves, chinaberry leaves, masson pine leaves, camphor leaves, amorpha fruticosa leaves, walnut leaves, peach leaves, castor leaves, tomato leaves, polygonum hydropiper and tea seed cakes in parts by mass according to a proportion, and adding water 13 times of the total mass of the medicinal materials for soaking for 11 hours;
step two, heating and boiling the soaked raw medicinal materials for 2.5 hours, filtering to obtain filtrate and filter residues to obtain filtrate I for later use, adding water 7 times of the filter residues into the filter residues, boiling for 1.5 hours, filtering to obtain filtrate and filter residues to obtain filtrate II for later use; adding water with the mass 5 times of that of the filter residue into the filter residue, boiling for 1 hour, and filtering to obtain filtrate III for later use;
step three, combining the filtrate I, II and III obtained in the step two, filtering, heating and concentrating to 1:1 of the mass of the raw medicinal materials to obtain a concentrated solution;
and step four, adding industrial ethanol with the content concentration of 85% into the concentrated solution obtained in the step three to dilute, fully and uniformly stirring, standing for 48 hours at the temperature of 3 ℃, filtering and taking supernatant to obtain the traditional Chinese medicine liquid, wherein the mass of the added ethanol is 8 times of that of the concentrated solution.
Application test
Comparative example: the Chinese medicinal liquid prepared by the steps of the preparation method of the Chinese medicinal liquid described in embodiment 3 of the present invention was used as comparative example 1;
"Noncokai" (Ginkgo testa extract, 23.00% of active ingredient content, 4.4% of tridecane phenolic acid content, 18.60% of pentadecane phenolic acid content, manufactured by Xuzhongxu Asahi Biotech Co., Ltd., pesticide registration number: P02190025) was used as comparative example 2;
examples 1, 2 and 3 using the present invention are test examples 1, 2 and 3, respectively.
The test example adopts the products to respectively observe the control effects of the radish aphids and the young diamondback moths.
Test site: a certain vegetable planting cooperative society of eight towns in the State of Periplaneta, Jiangsu province is a test field, a random block design is adopted, and 5 treatments are designed in total, wherein the treatments are as follows:
A1test example 1: the agricultural fertilizer for preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests, which is obtained in the embodiment 1, has the dilution multiple of 500;
A2test example 2: the agricultural fertilizer for preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests, which is obtained in the embodiment 2, has the dilution multiple of 500;
A3test example 3: the agricultural fertilizer for preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests, which is obtained in the embodiment 3, has the dilution multiple of 500;
A4comparative example 1: the Chinese medicinal liquid prepared by the Chinese medicinal liquid preparation method in example 3 is diluted by 500 times;
A5comparative example 2: "nongkeyi" (xuzhou longxu biotechnology limited), dilution factor 500;
A6comparative example 3: control example 3 is a blank control, with clear water applied;
the above test examples 1, 2 and 3 and the control examples 1 and 2 were subjected to an insecticidal test, respectively, and the test examples 1, 2 and 3 and the control examples 1 and 2 were sprayed on the block-shaped radish plots in which the radish aphid pest had appeared.
And (3) testing results: immediately selecting 10 radishes in each block after spraying, and observing the total amount of the aphid pests on the 10 radish leaves after spraying for 3 days to calculate the control efficiency.
The calculation formula of the control efficiency is as follows: control efficacy = (total number of insects in radish non-sprayed field-total number of insects in radish non-sprayed field)/total number of insects in radish non-sprayed field x 100%.
The test results show that:
A1test example 1: the total number of the 10 radish live insects is 16;
A2test example 2: the total number of the 10 radish live insects is 14;
A3test example 3: the total number of the 10 radish live insects is 18;
A4comparative example 1: the total number of the 10 radish live insects is 26;
A5comparative example 2: the total number of the 10 radish live insects is 22;
A6comparative example 3: the total number of the 10 radish live insects is 182;
the control efficiency after 3 days of spraying is obtained from the statistics;
A1the control efficiency of test example 1 was 91.21%;
A2the control efficiency of test example 2 was 92.31%;
A3the control efficiency of test example 3 was 90.11%;
A4the control efficacy of the control example 1 was 85.71%;
A5the control efficacy of the control example 2 was 87.91%;
from the data, the effect of the ginkgolic acid preparation is obviously improved compared with that of the traditional Chinese medicine liquid used alone in the comparative example 1, and the effect of the ginkgolic acid preparation is also obviously improved compared with that of the traditional Chinese medicine liquid used alone in the comparative example 2.
Example 4
The preparation of an agricultural fertilizer for preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests:
an agricultural fertilizer for preventing and treating diseases and pests is prepared from the alcohol extract of the waste liquid of gingko leaf processing (5 wt.%), fertilizer (5) and Chinese-medicinal liquid (90); the fertilizer component is ferrous sulfate; wherein the ethanol extract of the ginkgo leaf processing waste liquid is prepared by the following method; taking the waste liquid after processing the ginkgo leaves, filtering the waste liquid by using a 500-mesh screen, heating and concentrating the filtrate into thick paste, drying and crushing the thick paste to obtain powder, adding industrial ethanol with the content of 90 percent which is 3 times of the weight of the powder, fully stirring the mixture for 1 hour, standing the mixture for 72 hours at the temperature of 4 ℃, and filtering supernatant to obtain the ethanol extract of the ginkgo leaf processing waste liquid, wherein the ethanol extract is detected to have the content of ginkgolic acid of 7.61 percent; the traditional Chinese medicine liquid is prepared from the following raw materials, by mass, 15 parts of eucalyptus leaves, 9 parts of chinaberry leaves, 15 parts of masson pine leaves, 10 parts of camphor leaves, 15 parts of amorpha fruticosa leaves, 10 parts of walnut leaves, 10 parts of peach leaves, 14 parts of castor leaves, 12 parts of tomato leaves, 15 parts of polygonum tinctorium and 10 parts of tea cakes according to the following steps;
firstly, mixing the medicinal materials of eucalyptus leaves, chinaberry leaves, masson pine leaves, camphor leaves, amorpha fruticosa leaves, walnut leaves, peach leaves, castor leaves, tomato leaves, polygonum hydropiper and tea seed cakes in parts by mass according to a proportion, and adding water with the mass being 12 times of the total mass of the medicinal materials for soaking for 12 hours;
step two, heating and boiling the soaked raw medicinal materials for 2.5 hours, filtering to obtain filtrate and filter residues to obtain filtrate I for later use, adding water 7 times of the filter residues into the filter residues, boiling for 1.5 hours, filtering to obtain filtrate and filter residues to obtain filtrate II for later use; adding water with the mass 3 times of that of the filter residue into the filter residue, boiling for 1 hour, and filtering to obtain filtrate III for later use;
step three, combining the filtrate I, II and III obtained in the step two, filtering, heating and concentrating to 1:1 of the mass of the raw medicinal materials to obtain a concentrated solution;
and step four, adding industrial ethanol with the content concentration of 85% into the concentrated solution obtained in the step three to dilute, fully and uniformly stirring, standing for 36 hours at the temperature of 2 ℃, filtering and taking supernatant to obtain the traditional Chinese medicine liquid, wherein the mass of the added ethanol is 7 times that of the concentrated solution.
Example 5
An agricultural fertilizer for preventing and treating diseases and pests is prepared from the alcohol extract of the waste liquid generated by processing ginkgo leaves (3 wt.%) and fertilizer (10 wt.%). The traditional Chinese medicine liquid is 87 percent; the fertilizer is prepared by mixing ammonium bicarbonate, monoammonium phosphate and potassium oxide, and the components are prepared from the following components in percentage by mass: monoammonium phosphate: potassium oxide =1: 0.5: 1;
the ethanol extract of the ginkgo leaf processing waste liquid is prepared by the following method;
taking the waste liquid after processing the ginkgo leaves, filtering the waste liquid by using a 500-mesh screen, heating and concentrating the filtrate into thick paste, drying and crushing the thick paste to obtain powder, adding industrial ethanol with the concentration of 90 percent which is 3 times of the weight of the powder according to the weight ratio, fully stirring the mixture for 1 hour, standing the mixture for 60 hours at the temperature of 3 ℃, and filtering the mixture to obtain supernatant to obtain the ethanol extract of the ginkgo leaf processing waste liquid, wherein the ethanol extract is detected to have the content of ginkgolic acid of 7.55 percent; the traditional Chinese medicine liquid is prepared from the following raw medicinal materials, by mass, 20 parts of eucalyptus leaves, 8 parts of chinaberry leaves, 20 parts of masson pine leaves, 8 parts of camphor leaves, 20 parts of amorpha fruticosa leaves, 12 parts of walnut leaves, 13 parts of peach leaves, 14 parts of castor leaves, 15 parts of tomato leaves, 16 parts of polygonum hydropiper and 12 parts of tea dregs;
step one, mixing the raw medicinal materials according to the proportion, crushing the raw medicinal materials into 50-mesh powder, adding water which is 15 times of the total weight of the medicinal materials into the medicinal material powder, and soaking for 8 hours;
step two, boiling the soaked medicinal material powder with strong fire for 1 hour, then boiling with slow fire for 2.5 hours, filtering to obtain filtrate I and filter residue, adding water which is 8 times of the weight of the medicinal material into the filter residue, boiling with strong fire, then boiling with slow fire for 2 hours, and filtering to obtain filtrate II;
step three, combining the filtrate I and the filtrate II obtained in the step two to obtain a mixed solution, filtering the mixed solution, heating and concentrating the mixed solution to obtain a concentrated solution, wherein the weight of the concentrated solution is 10 times that of the raw medicinal materials;
and step four, adding Tween-60 which is 0.03 times of the concentrated solution into the concentrated solution obtained in the step three, and uniformly mixing to obtain the traditional Chinese medicine liquid.
Application test example
Comparative example: applying 1200 kg of rabbit manure organic fertilizer (Xuzhou Dongfeng compound fertilizer Co., Ltd.) per mu of land;
15 kilograms of organic fertilizer of rotten rabbit manure is respectively mixed into each mu of land for application in the embodiment 4 and the embodiment 5, and after 35 days of application, the control effect of the embodiment 4 on the Chinese chive maggots is 98.7 percent, and the control effect of the embodiment 5 on the Chinese chive maggots is 96.3 percent; the control effect of the control example on the Chinese chive maggots is 69.8 percent; after the agricultural fertilizer is observed and applied, the leek seedlings are strong and grow faster than the control group.
Example 6
An agricultural fertilizer for preventing and treating diseases and pests is prepared from the alcohol extract of the waste liquid generated by processing ginkgo leaves (5 wt.%), and the fertilizer (5 wt.%). The Chinese medicinal liquid is 90%; the fertilizer component is chelated iron (EDTA-Fe);
the ethanol extract of the ginkgo leaf processing waste liquid is prepared by the following method;
taking the waste liquid after processing the ginkgo leaves, filtering the waste liquid by using a 500-mesh screen, heating and concentrating the filtrate into thick paste, drying and crushing the thick paste to obtain powder, adding industrial ethanol with the concentration of 90 percent which is 3 times of the weight of the powder according to the weight ratio, fully stirring the mixture for 1 hour, standing the mixture for 60 hours at the temperature of 3 ℃, and filtering the mixture to obtain supernatant to obtain the ethanol extract of the ginkgo leaf processing waste liquid, wherein the ethanol extract is detected to have the content of ginkgolic acid of 7.6 percent; the traditional Chinese medicine liquid is prepared from the following raw medicinal materials, by mass, 10 parts of eucalyptus leaves, 10 parts of chinaberry leaves, 15 parts of masson pine leaves, 10 parts of camphor leaves, 20 parts of amorpha fruticosa leaves, 18 parts of walnut leaves, 13 parts of peach leaves, 12 parts of castor leaves, 15 parts of tomato leaves, 15 parts of polygonum hydropiper and 10 parts of tea dregs;
step one, mixing the raw medicinal materials according to the proportion, crushing the raw medicinal materials into 40-mesh powder, adding water which is 13 times of the total weight of the medicinal materials into the medicinal material powder, and soaking for 6 hours;
step two, boiling the soaked medicinal material powder with strong fire for 1 hour, then boiling with slow fire for 2.5 hours, filtering to obtain filtrate I and filter residue, adding water which is 10 times of the weight of the medicinal material into the filter residue, boiling with strong fire, then boiling with slow fire for 2 hours, and filtering to obtain filtrate II;
step three, combining the filtrate I and the filtrate II obtained in the step two to obtain a mixed solution, filtering the mixed solution, heating and concentrating the mixed solution to 8 times of the weight of the raw medicinal materials to obtain a concentrated solution;
and step four, adding span-40 with the weight 0.025 times of that of the concentrated solution into the concentrated solution obtained in the step three, and uniformly mixing to obtain the traditional Chinese medicine liquid.
Example 7
An agricultural fertilizer for preventing and treating diseases and pests is prepared from the alcohol extract of the waste liquid generated by processing ginkgo leaves (15 wt.%) and fertilizer (15 wt.%). The Chinese medicinal liquid is 70%; the fertilizer is prepared by mixing ammonium sulfate, calcium hydrophosphate, potassium sulfate and urea iron, wherein the mass ratio of the components is as follows: calcium hydrogen phosphate: potassium sulfate: urea iron =1: 0.4: 2: 0.2;
the ethanol extract of the ginkgo leaf processing waste liquid is prepared by the following method;
taking the waste liquid after processing the ginkgo leaves, filtering the waste liquid by using a 500-mesh screen, heating and concentrating the filtrate into thick paste, drying and crushing the thick paste to obtain powder, adding industrial ethanol with the concentration of 90 percent which is 3 times of the weight of the powder according to the weight ratio, fully stirring the mixture for 1 hour, standing the mixture for 60 hours at the temperature of 3 ℃, and filtering the mixture to obtain supernatant to obtain the ethanol extract of the ginkgo leaf processing waste liquid, wherein the ethanol extract is detected to have the content of ginkgolic acid of 7.52 percent; the traditional Chinese medicine liquid is prepared from 18 parts of eucalyptus leaves, 5 parts of chinaberry leaves, 10 parts of masson pine leaves, 5 parts of camphor tree leaves, 10 parts of amorpha fruticosa leaves, 15 parts of walnut leaves, 10 parts of peach leaves, 12 parts of castor leaves, 20 parts of tomato leaves, 12 parts of polygonum tinctorium and 5 parts of tea cakes by mass according to the following steps;
step one, mixing the raw medicinal materials according to the proportion, crushing the raw medicinal materials into 45-mesh powder, adding water which is 12 times of the total weight of the medicinal materials into the medicinal material powder, and soaking the medicinal material powder for 6 hours;
step two, boiling the soaked medicinal material powder with strong fire for 1 hour, then boiling with slow fire for 2.5 hours, filtering to obtain filtrate I and filter residue, adding water 9 times of the weight of the medicinal material into the filter residue, boiling with strong fire, then decocting with slow fire for 2 hours, and filtering to obtain filtrate II;
step three, combining the filtrate I and the filtrate II obtained in the step two to obtain a mixed solution, filtering the mixed solution, heating and concentrating the mixed solution to 7 times of the weight of the raw medicinal materials to obtain a concentrated solution;
and step four, adding potassium soap which is 0.05 time of the weight of the concentrated solution into the concentrated solution obtained in the step three, and uniformly mixing to obtain the Chinese medicinal liquid.
Application test
Test site: a vegetable planting base of the Jiangsu province and the Zhou city of the Piezo city in the cities and towns is used as a test field, and each mu is taken as a block group, the 6 block groups are totally 6, and B is respectively1-B6And (4) groups, which are used for testing open-air tomato and strawberry planting tests, wherein the planting method and the planting density of each test group are equivalent, the planting methods and the planting densities of all the groups of other field management are the same, the yield and the number of diseased plants in the harvest period are counted, and the disease occurrence condition of the whole growth period is counted.
B1: test example 1: the agricultural fertilizer obtained in the embodiment 5 of the invention is used after being diluted by 600 times;
B2: test example 2: practice of the inventionThe agricultural fertilizer obtained in example 6 is used after being diluted by 600 times;
B3: test example 3: the agricultural fertilizer obtained in the embodiment 7 of the invention is used after being diluted by 600 times;
B4: comparative example 1: "nongkeyi" (xuzhou longxu biotechnology limited) by a dilution factor of 500;
B5: comparative example 2 the Chinese medicinal solution prepared by the method of the present invention in example 5 was diluted by 600 times and used;
B6: comparative example 3, which is a blank control, was given equal weight of clear water.
1. Tomato planting test results:
B1: yield: 6.3 t/mu; the disease rate: 2.2 percent;
B2: yield: 6.2 t/mu; the disease rate: 2.1 percent;
B3: yield: 6.4 t/mu; the disease rate: 1.9 percent;
B4: yield: 6.0 t/mu; the disease rate: 3.6 percent;
B5: yield: 6.1 t/mu; the disease rate: 3.1 percent;
B6: yield: 3.8 t/mu; the disease rate: 16.7 percent;
2. strawberry planting test results:
B1: yield: 2.4 t/mu; the disease rate: 3.2 percent;
B2: yield: 2.2 t/mu; the disease rate: 3.1 percent;
B3: yield: 2.3 t/mu; the disease rate: 3.2 percent;
B4: yield: 2.0 t/mu; the disease rate: 4.2 percent;
B5: yield: 2.1 t/mu; the disease rate: 3.8 percent;
B6: yield: 0.86 t/mu; the disease rate: 28.2 percent;
from the test data, the tomato test results show that the yield of the tomato product of the invention is obviously higher than that of the control group, and the disease rate can be controlled below 3.5%. However, the embodiment of the present invention and the comparative example B4By comparison, the yield thereofSlightly higher, the disease rate was lower than that of control 4 and control B5In comparison, the yield was slightly higher, and the disease rate was lower than that of control example 5. The results of the above comparative tests show that the effect of a single ginkgolic acid preparation and a single Chinese medicinal liquid on preventing and treating diseases is less than that of a product prepared by proportioning a ginkgolic acid substance and a Chinese medicinal liquid in the embodiment of the invention, and the effect of enhancement can be seen.
Example 8
An agricultural fertilizer for preventing and treating diseases and pests is prepared from the alcohol extract of the waste liquid generated by processing ginkgo leaves (15 wt.%) and 2.5 wt.% of fertilizer. The Chinese medicinal liquid is 82.5%; the fertilizer component is amino acid chelated zinc;
the ethanol extract of the ginkgo leaf processing waste liquid is prepared by the following method;
taking the waste liquid after processing the ginkgo leaves, filtering the waste liquid by using a 500-mesh screen, heating and concentrating the filtrate into thick paste, drying and crushing the thick paste to obtain powder, adding industrial ethanol with the concentration of 90 percent which is 3 times of the weight of the powder according to the weight ratio, fully stirring the mixture for 1 hour, standing the mixture for 60 hours at the temperature of 3 ℃, and filtering the mixture to obtain supernatant to obtain the ethanol extract of the ginkgo leaf processing waste liquid, wherein the ethanol extract is detected to have the content of ginkgolic acid of 7.53 percent; the traditional Chinese medicine liquid is prepared from the following raw medicinal materials, by mass, 10 parts of eucalyptus leaves, 5 parts of chinaberry leaves, 10 parts of masson pine leaves, 5 parts of camphor tree leaves, 10 parts of amorpha fruticosa leaves, 10 parts of walnut leaves, 10 parts of peach leaves, 7 parts of castor leaves, 12 parts of tomato leaves, 16 parts of polygonum hydropiper and 12 parts of tea dregs;
step one, mixing the raw medicinal materials according to the proportion, crushing the raw medicinal materials into 42-mesh powder, adding water which is 15 times of the total weight of the medicinal materials into the medicinal material powder, and soaking for 8 hours;
step two, boiling the soaked medicinal material powder with strong fire for 1 hour, then boiling with slow fire for 2.5 hours, filtering to obtain filtrate I and filter residue, adding water which is 10 times of the weight of the medicinal material into the filter residue, boiling with strong fire, then boiling with slow fire for 2 hours, and filtering to obtain filtrate II;
step three, combining the filtrate I and the filtrate II obtained in the step two to obtain a mixed solution, filtering the mixed solution, heating and concentrating the mixed solution to obtain a concentrated solution, wherein the weight of the concentrated solution is 5 times that of the raw medicinal materials;
step four, adding the sodium dodecyl sulfate which is 0.0375 times of the weight of the concentrated solution into the concentrated solution obtained in the step three, and uniformly mixing to obtain the Chinese medicinal liquid.
Claims (24)
1. An agricultural fertilizer with the function of preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests is characterized in that the agricultural fertilizer is prepared by mixing an ethanol extracting solution, fertilizer components and Chinese medicinal liquid of ginkgo leaf processing waste liquid obtained by filtering, concentrating and precipitating ginkgo leaf processing waste liquid; the agricultural fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight, 1-15% of an ethanol extract of ginkgo leaf processing waste liquid, 1-35% of fertilizer components and 50-98% of a traditional Chinese medicine liquid; the ethanol extract of the ginkgo leaf processing waste liquid is prepared by the following method: taking the waste liquid after processing the ginkgo leaves, sieving with a 500-mesh sieve, heating and concentrating to obtain thick paste, drying and crushing the thick paste to obtain powder, adding ethanol with the content of 90% V/V which is 3 times of the powder by weight, fully stirring for 1 hour, standing for 48-72 hours at the temperature of 2-4 ℃, and filtering to obtain supernatant to obtain the ethanol extract of the ginkgo leaf processing waste liquid, wherein the ethanol extract is detected to have the content of ginkgolic acid of more than 7.5%; the traditional Chinese medicine liquid comprises, by mass, 10-20 parts of eucalyptus leaves, 5-10 parts of chinaberry leaves, 10-20 parts of masson pine leaves, 5-10 parts of camphor leaves, 10-20 parts of amorpha fruticosa leaves, 10-18 parts of walnut leaves, 10-15 parts of peach leaves, 7-14 parts of castor leaves, 12-20 parts of tomato leaves, 12-16 parts of polygonum flaccidum and 5-12 parts of tea cakes.
2. The agricultural fertilizer for preventing and treating diseases and insect pests as claimed in claim 1, wherein the agricultural fertilizer is prepared by mixing ethanol extract, fertilizer components and Chinese medicinal liquid of ginkgo leaf processing waste liquid obtained by filtering, concentrating and ethanol precipitating ginkgo leaf processing waste liquid, and is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 2-13% of ethanol extract of ginkgo leaf processing waste liquid, 3-32% of fertilizer components and 55-95% of Chinese medicinal liquid; the ethanol extract of the ginkgo leaf processing waste liquid is prepared by the following method: taking the waste liquid after processing the ginkgo leaves, sieving with a 500-mesh sieve, heating and concentrating to obtain thick paste, drying and crushing the thick paste to obtain powder, adding ethanol with the content of 90% V/V which is 3 times of the powder by weight, fully stirring for 1 hour, standing for 48-72 hours at the temperature of 2-4 ℃, and filtering to obtain supernatant to obtain the ethanol extract of the ginkgo leaf processing waste liquid, wherein the ethanol extract is detected to have the content of ginkgolic acid of more than 7.5%; the traditional Chinese medicine liquid comprises, by mass, 10-20 parts of eucalyptus leaves, 5-10 parts of chinaberry leaves, 10-20 parts of masson pine leaves, 5-10 parts of camphor leaves, 10-20 parts of amorpha fruticosa leaves, 10-18 parts of walnut leaves, 10-15 parts of peach leaves, 7-14 parts of castor leaves, 12-20 parts of tomato leaves, 12-16 parts of polygonum flaccidum and 5-12 parts of tea cakes.
3. The agricultural fertilizer for preventing and treating diseases and insect pests as claimed in claim 1, wherein the agricultural fertilizer is prepared by mixing ethanol extract, fertilizer components and Chinese medicinal liquid of ginkgo leaf processing waste liquid obtained by filtering, concentrating and ethanol precipitating ginkgo leaf processing waste liquid, and is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 5-10% of ethanol extract of ginkgo leaf processing waste liquid, 5-25% of fertilizer components and 65-90% of traditional Chinese medicine liquid; the ethanol extract of the ginkgo leaf processing waste liquid is prepared by the following method: taking the waste liquid after processing the ginkgo leaves, sieving with a 500-mesh sieve, heating and concentrating to obtain thick paste, drying and crushing the thick paste to obtain powder, adding ethanol with the content of 90% V/V which is 3 times of the powder by weight, fully stirring for 1 hour, standing for 48-72 hours at the temperature of 2-4 ℃, and filtering to obtain supernatant to obtain the ethanol extract of the ginkgo leaf processing waste liquid, wherein the ethanol extract is detected to have the content of ginkgolic acid of more than 7.5%; the traditional Chinese medicine liquid comprises, by mass, 10-20 parts of eucalyptus leaves, 5-10 parts of chinaberry leaves, 10-20 parts of masson pine leaves, 5-10 parts of camphor leaves, 10-20 parts of amorpha fruticosa leaves, 10-18 parts of walnut leaves, 10-15 parts of peach leaves, 7-14 parts of castor leaves, 12-20 parts of tomato leaves, 12-16 parts of polygonum flaccidum and 5-12 parts of tea cakes.
4. The fertilizer according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the traditional Chinese medicine liquid comprises, by mass, 10 parts of eucalyptus leaves, 10 parts of chinaberry leaves, 15 parts of masson pine leaves, 10 parts of camphor leaves, 16 parts of amorpha fruticosa leaves, 18 parts of walnut leaves, 15 parts of peach leaves, 7 parts of castor leaves, 12 parts of tomato leaves, 14 parts of polygonum flaccidum and 8 parts of sasangua cakes.
5. The fertilizer according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the traditional Chinese medicine liquid comprises 18 parts by mass of eucalyptus leaves, 5 parts by mass of chinaberry leaves, 10 parts by mass of masson pine leaves, 5 parts by mass of camphor leaves, 10 parts by mass of amorpha fruticosa leaves, 15 parts by mass of walnut leaves, 10 parts by mass of peach leaves, 12 parts by mass of castor leaves, 20 parts by mass of tomato leaves, 12 parts by mass of polygonum hydropiper and 5 parts by mass of tea cakes.
6. The fertilizer according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the traditional Chinese medicine liquid comprises, by mass, 20 parts of eucalyptus leaves, 8 parts of chinaberry leaves, 20 parts of masson pine leaves, 8 parts of camphor leaves, 20 parts of amorpha fruticosa leaves, 12 parts of walnut leaves, 13 parts of peach leaves, 14 parts of castor leaves, 15 parts of tomato leaves, 16 parts of polygonum flaccidum and 12 parts of sasangua cakes.
7. The fertilizer according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the eucalyptus leaves, the neem leaves, the pinus massoniana leaves, the camphor leaves, the amorpha fruticosa leaves, the walnut leaves, the peach leaves, the castor leaves and the tomato leaves are dry leaves.
8. The fertilizer according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the eucalyptus leaves, the neem leaves, the pinus massoniana leaves, the camphor leaves, the amorpha fruticosa leaves, the walnut leaves, the peach leaves, the castor leaves and the tomato leaves are fresh leaves.
9. The fertilizer as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the preparation method of the Chinese medicinal liquid comprises the following steps:
firstly, mixing the medicinal materials of eucalyptus leaves, chinaberry leaves, masson pine leaves, camphor leaves, amorpha fruticosa leaves, walnut leaves, peach leaves, castor leaves, tomato leaves, polygonum hydropiper and tea seed cakes in parts by mass according to a proportion, and adding water which is 10-15 times of the total mass of the medicinal materials for soaking for 10-12 hours;
step two, heating and boiling the soaked raw material medicines for 2.5 hours, filtering to obtain filtrate and filter residues to obtain filtrate I for later use, adding water with the mass 6-8 times of that of the filter residues into the filter residues, boiling for 1.5 hours, filtering to obtain filtrate and filter residues to obtain filtrate II for later use, adding water with the mass 3-5 times of that of the filter residues into the filter residues, boiling for 1 hour, and filtering to obtain filtrate III for later use;
step three, combining the filtrate I, II and III obtained in the step two, filtering, heating and concentrating to 1:1 of the mass of the raw medicinal materials to obtain a concentrated solution for later use;
and step four, adding ethanol with the content concentration of 85% V/V into the concentrated solution obtained in the step three for dilution, fully and uniformly stirring, standing for 24-48 hours at the temperature of 2-4 ℃, and filtering to obtain a supernatant to obtain the traditional Chinese medicine liquid, wherein the mass of the added ethanol is 4-8 times of that of the concentrated solution.
10. The fertilizer according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the preparation method of the traditional Chinese medicine liquid further comprises the following steps:
step one, mixing the raw medicinal materials according to the proportion, crushing the raw medicinal materials into 40-50 meshes of powder, adding water which is 10-15 times of the total weight of the raw medicinal materials, and soaking for 5-8 hours;
step two, boiling the soaked raw medicinal materials with strong fire for 1 hour, then continuously decocting with slow fire for 2.5 hours, filtering to obtain a filtrate I and filter residue, adding water which is 8-10 times of the weight of the raw medicinal materials into the filter residue, boiling with strong fire, then decocting with slow fire for 2 hours, and filtering to obtain a filtrate II;
step three, combining the filtrate I and the filtrate II obtained in the step two to obtain a mixed solution, filtering the mixed solution, heating and concentrating the mixed solution to obtain a concentrated solution, wherein the weight of the concentrated solution is 5-10 times that of the raw medicinal materials;
step four, adding a surfactant which is 0.02-0.05 time of the weight of the concentrated solution into the concentrated solution obtained in the step three, and uniformly mixing to obtain the traditional Chinese medicine liquid; the surfactant is any one of potassium soap, sodium dodecyl sulfate, sodium hexadecyl sulfate, span-60, span-40, Tween-20, Tween-40, Tween-60 and Tween-80.
11. The fertilizer according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the fertilizer component is one or more of a nitrogen fertilizer, a phosphate fertilizer, a potassium fertilizer, a zinc fertilizer, a boron fertilizer, a manganese fertilizer, a copper fertilizer, an iron fertilizer and an amino acid fertilizer.
12. The fertilizer as claimed in claim 11, wherein said nitrogen fertilizer is any one of urea, ammonium bicarbonate, ammonium sulfate, ammonium chloride and ammonium nitrate.
13. The fertilizer according to claim 11, wherein the phosphate fertilizer is any one of calcium superphosphate, calcium magnesium phosphate, monoammonium phosphate, diammonium phosphate and calcium hydrogen phosphate.
14. The fertilizer according to claim 11, wherein the potash fertilizer is any one of potassium chloride, potassium sulfate, potassium oxide, potash magnesium sulphate fertilizer and plant ash.
15. The fertilizer according to claim 11, wherein the zinc fertilizer is zinc sulfate heptahydrate, zinc sulfate monohydrate, zinc chloride, zinc nitrate, chelated zinc (Na)2Zn HEDTA) and amino acid chelated zinc (Zu.H)2N.r.cooh).
16. The fertilizer according to claim 11, wherein the boric fertilizer is any one of boric acid, borax and sodium pentaborate.
17. The fertilizer according to claim 11, wherein the manganese fertilizer is any one of manganese sulfate, manganese oxide, manganese carbonate and manganese chloride.
18. The fertilizer as claimed in claim 11, wherein said copper fertilizer is copper sulfate, chelated copper (Na)2CuEDTA) and amino acid chelated copper (cu.h)2N.r.cooh).
19. Root of herbaceous plantThe fertilizer according to claim 11, wherein said iron fertilizer is ferrous sulfate, ferrous ammonium sulfate, urea iron, chelated iron (EDTA-Fe or EDDHA-Fe), and amino acid chelated iron (Fe.H)2N.r.cooh).
20. The fertilizer according to claim 11, wherein the amino acid fertilizer is one or more of lysine, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, cystine, hydroxyproline, glycine, alanine, serine, threonine, cysteine, glutamine, asparagine, tyrosine, arginine, histidine, alanine, valine, leucine, isoleucine, proline, phenylalanine and tryptophan.
21. The method for applying agricultural fertilizer with the function of controlling pests and diseases according to claims 1-3, characterized in that the agricultural fertilizer is used for irrigating, irrigating roots, sprinkling, furrow application, spraying or hole application or is mixed with organic fertilizer to be used as base fertilizer.
22. Use of an agricultural fertilizer with control of pests according to claims 1-3, characterized in that the agricultural fertilizer is used for control of plant pests or for regulating plant growth.
23. Use according to claim 22, characterized in that the agricultural fertilizer is used for controlling soil pests or regulating plant growth.
24. According to the use of claim 23, the agricultural fertilizer with the function of controlling plant diseases and insect pests is used for controlling diseases such as ginkgo nursery root rot, stem rot, leaf blight, wheat sharp eyespot, rice sheath blight, rice blast, tomato leaf blight, strawberry gray mold, cucumber frost rot, pepper phytophthora blight and the like, controlling various pests such as budworms, cabbage worms, thrips or garlic, Chinese cabbage and leek root maggots or regulating plant growth.
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| CN105315075A (en) * | 2015-11-06 | 2016-02-10 | 广西南宁胜祺安科技开发有限公司 | Fertilizer capable of controlling underground crop pests |
| CN113827626A (en) * | 2021-08-15 | 2021-12-24 | 江苏蓝星生物工程有限公司 | Method for extracting ginkgolic acid by using waste liquid in processing process of ginkgo leaf extract |
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2021
- 2021-12-25 CN CN202111605688.2A patent/CN114230397A/en not_active Withdrawn
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