CN114230384A - Preparation method of liquid fertilizer - Google Patents
Preparation method of liquid fertilizer Download PDFInfo
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- CN114230384A CN114230384A CN202111630500.XA CN202111630500A CN114230384A CN 114230384 A CN114230384 A CN 114230384A CN 202111630500 A CN202111630500 A CN 202111630500A CN 114230384 A CN114230384 A CN 114230384A
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Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C11/00—Other nitrogenous fertilisers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/20—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation using specific microorganisms or substances, e.g. enzymes, for activating or stimulating the treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/40—Treatment of liquids or slurries
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/50—Treatments combining two or more different biological or biochemical treatments, e.g. anaerobic and aerobic treatment or vermicomposting and aerobic treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/60—Biocides or preservatives, e.g. disinfectants, pesticides or herbicides; Pest repellants or attractants
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/20—Liquid fertilisers
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Tropical Medicine & Parasitology (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the field of high-concentration organic wastewater treatment, in particular to a preparation method of a liquid fertilizer. The preparation method of the liquid fertilizer comprises pretreatment; adjusting waste liquid; performing multi-stage fermentation; settling and separating; preparing materials; the method produces the high-activity multifunctional organic acid nutrient solution by multi-stage fermentation and directional culture of the organic waste liquid, and prepares various liquid fertilizers, thereby realizing the full utilization of the effects of various effective components in the organic waste liquid. The preparation method not only enables the organic waste liquid to achieve the purposes of deodorization and resource utilization, but also has remarkable effects of improving soil, promoting root system development, enhancing photosynthesis, reducing diseases, increasing yield and improving quality.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of high-concentration organic wastewater treatment, in particular to a preparation method of a liquid fertilizer.
Background
At present, the production of liquid fertilizer by fermenting livestock and poultry manure, sewage, biogas slurry and the like is reported, but the purposes of deodorization and resource utilization are mostly achieved, and the effects of various effective components of organic waste liquid cannot be fully utilized.
In view of the above, the present invention provides a method for producing a high-activity multifunctional compound organic acid nutrient solution from high-concentration organic waste liquid and preparing the solution into various liquid fertilizers.
Disclosure of Invention
(1) Technical problem to be solved
The invention aims to provide a preparation method of a liquid fertilizer, which aims to solve the problem that the effects of various effective components of livestock and poultry excrement, sewage, biogas slurry and the like cannot be fully exerted in the fermentation process.
(2) Technical scheme
In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a method for preparing a liquid fertilizer, comprising the steps of:
s1, preprocessing: sending the high-concentration organic waste liquid to a pretreatment tank, wherein the pretreatment tank is provided with a stirring device, a sand settling device and a grating device, and the organic waste water is stirred, precipitated and grated to obtain effluent of the pretreatment tank;
s2, waste liquid adjustment: sending the effluent of the pretreatment tank to an adjusting tank, and adjusting the concentration, the carbon/nitrogen ratio and the nutrient ratio of the effluent of the pretreatment tank to obtain the effluent of the adjusting tank;
s3, multi-stage fermentation: delivering the effluent of the regulating tank to a fermentation tank, adding a fermenting agent and a carbon source, and performing multi-stage fermentation to obtain a fermentation liquid, wherein the pH value of the fermentation liquid is controlled below 6.5;
s4, settling separation: sending the fermentation liquor to a separation and sedimentation tank, separating the fermentation liquor into a supernatant, a suspension layer and a sedimentation layer after sedimentation, respectively pumping the supernatant and the suspension layer to a first mixing tank and a second mixing tank, pumping the sedimentation layer to a homogenizing tank, grinding and homogenizing, and pumping to a third mixing tank;
s5, batching: and respectively adding nutrient substances and plant growth promoters into the fermentation liquor of the first mixing tank, the second mixing tank and the third mixing tank, and uniformly stirring to obtain different liquid fertilizers. Further, in step S3, the primary fermentation liquid is separated into a supernatant and a subnatant after settling, and the supernatant is subjected to multi-stage fermentation and then enters the first dosing tank.
Further, the multi-stage fermentation is two-stage fermentation or three-stage fermentation.
Further, the step S3 includes:
s31, primary fermentation: delivering the effluent of the regulating reservoir to a primary fermentation tank, adding a leavening agent for facultative fermentation, and continuing to ferment the large-particle organic matter after fermentation, so as to obtain a primary fermentation liquid from the generated small-molecular organic matter and organic acid mixed liquid;
s32, secondary fermentation: sending the primary fermentation liquid obtained in the step S31 to a secondary fermentation tank, adding a leavening agent and a carbon source for aerobic fermentation, and obtaining secondary fermentation liquid after fermentation;
s33, tertiary fermentation: and (4) conveying the secondary fermentation liquid obtained in the step (S32) to a tertiary fermentation tank, adding a fermentation agent and a carbon source for anaerobic fermentation, and fermenting to obtain a tertiary fermentation liquid.
Further, the second grade fermentation vat includes that second grade fermentation system is unified and second grade fermentation system is two, third grade fermentation vat includes that third grade fermentation system is unified and third grade fermentation system is two, divide into primary supernatant, infranatant after the settlement of first grade zymotic fluid, primary supernatant gets into in batching pond one after second grade fermentation system is unified, third grade fermentation system fermentation in proper order, the infranatant obtains third grade zymotic fluid through second grade fermentation system is two, the fermentation of third grade fermentation system is two in proper order.
And further, conveying the tertiary fermentation liquor to a separation and precipitation tank, separating the fermentation liquor into a secondary supernatant, a suspension layer and a precipitation layer after precipitation, and pumping the secondary supernatant to the first dosing tank.
Further, in step S31, the leavening agent includes any one or more of bacillus subtilis, bacillus coagulans, bacillus licheniformis, bifidobacterium, bacillus amyloliquefaciens, streptococcus thermophilus, lactobacillus plantarum, aspergillus oryzae, and yeast.
Further, in step S32, the leavening agent is any one or more of bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, bacillus amyloliquefaciens, bacillus megaterium, aspergillus oryzae, trichoderma viride and yeast; the carbon source is any one or more of brown sugar, glucose, starch, mashed potato, corn flour and corn steep liquor.
Further, in step S33, the leavening agent is any one or more of lactobacillus, lactobacillus plantarum, lactobacillus rhamnosus, bacillus amyloliquefaciens and saccharomyces cerevisiae; the carbon source is any one or more of brown sugar, glucose, starch, mashed potato, corn flour and corn steep liquor.
Further, in step S5, the nutrient substance includes any one or more of fertilizers containing nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, iron, manganese, zinc, boron, silicon, titanium and other nutrient elements.
Further, in step S5, the plant growth promoter is any one or more of humic acid, amino acid, alginic acid, chitosan, and wood vinegar.
Further, the fermentation temperature in steps S2 and S3 is 30-37 ℃.
(3) Advantageous effects
In summary, the above technical solution of the present invention has the following advantages: in the preparation method of the organic fertilizer, the concentration, the carbon/nitrogen ratio and the nutrients of the organic wastewater are adjusted, and the multi-stage fermentation and directional culture is carried out to produce the high-activity multifunctional organic acid nutrient solution and prepare various liquid fertilizers. The preparation method not only enables the organic waste liquid to achieve the purposes of deodorization and resource utilization, but also fully utilizes the efficacy of effective components in the high-concentration organic waste liquid to produce the high-activity multifunctional organic acid nutrient solution and the liquid fertilizer, and the prepared liquid fertilizer has obvious effects of improving soil, promoting root system development, enhancing photosynthesis, reducing diseases, increasing yield and improving quality.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a process for preparing a liquid fertilizer according to example 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a process for preparing a liquid fertilizer according to example 2 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and examples. The following detailed description of the embodiments and the accompanying drawings are provided to illustrate the principles of the invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention, i.e., the invention is not limited to the described embodiments.
The invention mainly aims at the treatment of the high-concentration organic waste liquid, can realize the purposes of deodorization and resource utilization of the high-concentration organic waste liquid, can produce high-activity multifunctional organic acid nutrient solution and prepare various liquid fertilizers, and solves the problem that various effective components in the high-concentration organic waste liquid cannot be fully utilized.
The high activity multifunctional is mainly determined by oxygen-containing functional groups such as hydroxyl, carboxyl, carbonyl and the like in molecules of the organic nutrient, and the higher the content of the oxygen-containing functional groups is, the higher the activity is, the stronger the functionality is. The organic acid has the highest oxygen-containing functional group such as hydroxyl group, carboxyl group and carbonyl group.
The organic acids include: acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, humic acid, polypeptide, amino acid, malic acid, lactic acid, etc.
The high-activity multifunctional is mainly embodied in six aspects of effects: (1) promoting the growth and photosynthesis of plant root system and enhancing the disease resistance and stress resistance; (2) pesticide residue is degraded; (3) improving soil structure and promoting the propagation of beneficial microorganisms in soil; (4) harmful bacterium propagation and virus infection are inhibited, and the self-healing capacity of plant injury is improved; (5) can effectively prevent physiological diseases of plants such as calcium deficiency, iron deficiency, zinc deficiency and the like; (6) improve the yield and quality of crops and prolong the storage time.
The invention provides a method for preparing a liquid fertilizer, which specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, preprocessing: sending the high-concentration organic waste liquid to a pretreatment tank, wherein the pretreatment tank is provided with a stirring device, a sand settling device and a grating device, and the organic waste water is stirred, precipitated and grated to obtain effluent of the pretreatment tank.
In the invention, high-concentration organic waste liquid is treated, wherein the high-concentration organic waste liquid comprises toilet excrement, livestock and poultry excrement, sewage, biogas slurry and organic waste liquid produced in the food processing industry, the slaughtering industry and the biological fermentation industry.
Before the high-concentration organic waste liquid enters the regulating tank, the high-concentration organic waste liquid is stirred for a certain time, inorganic impurities such as silt, bricks, metal, glass and the like are removed through a sand settling device after stirring, and suspended impurities are removed through a grating device.
S2, waste liquid adjustment: and (4) sending the effluent of the pretreatment tank to an adjusting tank, and adjusting the concentration, the carbon/nitrogen ratio and the nutrients of the pretreated effluent to obtain the effluent of the adjusting tank.
The mass fraction of insoluble substances in the pretreated effluent is controlled to be 2% -10%, if the concentration is too high, sedimentation and sorting are not facilitated, and supernatant liquid needs to be returned from the regulating tank to the pretreatment tank for dilution.
The equalizing basin is equipped with agitating unit, and the equalizing basin is mainly adjusted the concentration, carbon/nitrogen ratio, the nutrient composition proportion of preliminary treatment play water, also can adjust the temporary storage and the flow of preliminary treatment play water, has also played the effect of further driving the sediment simultaneously, is unfavorable for subsiding and sorting if preliminary treatment pond waste water concentration is too high, needs follow the equalizing basin backward flow supernatant extremely the preliminary treatment pond dilutes.
S3, multi-stage fermentation: and (3) delivering the effluent of the adjusting tank to a fermentation tank, adding a leavening agent and a carbon source, and performing multi-stage fermentation to obtain fermentation liquor, wherein the multi-stage fermentation comprises facultative fermentation, aerobic fermentation and anaerobic fermentation, and the pH value of the fermentation liquor is controlled below 6.5.
In the invention, the multistage fermentation is preferably a three-stage fermentation, specifically:
s31: primary fermentation: delivering the effluent of the regulating reservoir to a primary fermentation tank, adding a leavening agent for facultative fermentation, and continuing to ferment the large-particle organic matter after fermentation, so as to obtain a primary fermentation liquid from the generated small-molecular organic matter and organic acid mixed liquid;
the primary fermentation tank is provided with a stirrer, and the leavening agent in the primary fermentation tank is preferably any one or more of bacillus subtilis, bacillus coagulans, bacillus licheniformis, bifidobacterium, bacillus amyloliquefaciens, streptococcus thermophilus, lactobacillus plantarum, aspergillus oryzae and saccharomycetes. After the high-concentration organic wastewater is subjected to primary facultative fermentation, the biochemical property of organic matters can be improved, the generated organic acid can reduce the pH value of the waste liquid so as to prevent ammonia from volatilizing, and Escherichia coli and roundworm eggs can be killed.
S32: secondary fermentation: sending the primary fermentation liquid to a secondary fermentation tank, adding a fermentation agent and a carbon source for aerobic fermentation, and obtaining secondary fermentation liquid after fermentation;
the secondary fermentation tank is internally provided with an aeration device which can continuously introduce air into the secondary fermentation tank for oxygen supplementation, the aeration not only leads the liquid in the tank to be in contact with the air for oxygenation, but also accelerates the transfer of oxygen in the air into the liquid due to the stirring of the liquid, thereby improving the dissolved oxygen amount in the wastewater; in addition, the aeration can prevent the suspension in the tank from sinking, and strengthen the contact between the organic matters in the tank and the microorganisms and the dissolved oxygen, thereby ensuring that the microorganisms in the tank accelerate the oxidative decomposition of the organic matters in the sewage under the condition of sufficient dissolved oxygen.
The leaven is preferably any one or more of bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, bacillus amyloliquefaciens, bacillus megaterium, aspergillus oryzae, trichoderma viride and yeast; the carbon source is any one or more of brown sugar, glucose, starch, mashed potato, corn flour and corn steep liquor. The cellulose, hemicellulase and protease prepared by secondary aerobic fermentation can promote the cellulose and hemicellulose to be hydrolyzed and converted into glucose to generate acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, biochemical humic acid, amino acid, polypeptide, malic acid and the like, and the chemical reaction generated by the secondary aerobic fermentation is as follows:
s33: and (3) three-stage fermentation: and (3) conveying the secondary fermentation liquor to a tertiary fermentation tank, adding a fermentation agent and a carbon source for anaerobic fermentation, and fermenting to obtain tertiary fermentation liquor.
And the temperature of the second-stage fermentation and the third-stage fermentation is controlled to be 30-37 ℃.
The third-stage fermentation tank is provided with a timing stirrer, and the leavening agent is preferably any one or more of lactobacillus, lactobacillus plantarum, lactobacillus rhamnosus, bacillus amyloliquefaciens and saccharomyces cerevisiae; the carbon source is any one or more of brown sugar, glucose, starch, mashed potato, corn flour and corn steep liquor. Mainly generating organic acids such as biochemical humic acid, lactic acid and the like through three-stage anaerobic fermentation, wherein the specific chemical reactions are as follows:
the secondary fermentation tank comprises a secondary fermentation system and a secondary fermentation system, the tertiary fermentation tank comprises a tertiary fermentation system and a tertiary fermentation system, primary supernatant and subnatant are divided after the primary fermentation liquid is settled, the subnatant comprises a suspension layer and a precipitation layer, the primary supernatant sequentially enters a first dosing tank after the secondary fermentation system and the tertiary fermentation system are fermented, and the subnatant sequentially obtains the tertiary fermentation liquid through the secondary fermentation system and the tertiary fermentation system.
And then sending the third-level fermentation liquor to a separation and sedimentation tank, separating the fermentation liquor into a secondary supernatant, a suspension layer and a sedimentation layer after sedimentation, and pumping the secondary supernatant to a first mixing tank.
S4, settling separation: sending the fermentation liquor to a separation and sedimentation tank, separating the fermentation liquor into a supernatant, a suspension layer and a sedimentation layer after sedimentation, respectively pumping the supernatant and the suspension layer to a first mixing tank and a second mixing tank, pumping the sedimentation layer to a homogenizing tank, grinding and homogenizing, and pumping to a third mixing tank;
s5, batching: and respectively adding nutrient substances and plant growth promoters into the fermentation liquor of the first mixing tank, the second mixing tank and the third mixing tank, and uniformly stirring to obtain different liquid fertilizers. The fertilizer prepared from the clear liquid is mainly used for sprinkling irrigation, drip irrigation and foliar fertilizer; the fertilizer prepared from suspension and precipitation liquid is mainly used for flushing application and bottom application.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, the preparation method of the liquid fertilizer provided by the invention comprises the following steps:
s1, preprocessing: the organic waste liquid used by the invention is a mixture of rural toilet excrement and pig farm excrement, the waste liquid firstly enters a pretreatment tank, the pretreatment tank is provided with a stirring device, the bottom of the pretreatment tank is provided with a sand settling collection pit, a sand settling elevator is arranged on the sand settling collection pit, the waste liquid is stirred and then is statically precipitated, and inorganic impurities such as bricks, sand stones, metals, glass and the like are deposited in the sand settling collection pit at the bottom of the pretreatment tank and are removed by the sand settling elevator. The outlet of the pretreatment tank is provided with a fine grid for removing floating and suspended organic impurities.
The mass fraction of insoluble substances in the effluent of the pretreatment tank is controlled to be 2% -10%, if the concentration is too high, sedimentation and sorting are not facilitated, and supernatant liquid needs to be refluxed from the regulating tank to the pretreatment tank for dilution.
S2, waste liquid adjustment: the waste liquid after impurity removal through the sludge pump input waste liquid equalizing basin, and the equalizing basin is equipped with agitated vessel, and there is the sediment that sinks to collect the hole at the bottom of the pond, sets up the sediment lifting machine on the sediment that sinks collects the hole. The concentration, carbon/nitrogen ratio, nutrient component ratio and the like of the waste liquid are adjusted.
S3, primary fermentation: and a distributor is arranged at the bottom of the primary fermentation tank, waste liquid treated in the pretreatment tank enters the tank bottom through the distributor, and microbial inoculum 1 is added, so that an inoculated leavening agent and primary flora in the organic waste liquid are symbiotically fermented at normal temperature for 36-48 h.
In the attached figure, the microbial inoculum 1 refers to any one or more of bacillus subtilis, bacillus coagulans, bacillus licheniformis, bifidobacterium, bacillus amyloliquefaciens, streptococcus thermophilus, lactobacillus plantarum, aspergillus oryzae and yeast.
S4, secondary fermentation: and an aeration device is arranged at the bottom of the secondary fermentation tank, the microbial inoculum 2 and the sugar source 2 are added, aeration and oxygen supplementation are carried out, aerobic fermentation is carried out, the fermentation temperature is 30-37 ℃, the fermentation time is 48-96 hours, and the pH value is controlled below 6.5.
In the attached figure, the microbial inoculum 2 is any one or more of bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, bacillus amyloliquefaciens, bacillus megaterium, aspergillus oryzae, trichoderma viride and saccharomycetes; the sugar source 2 is any one or more of brown sugar, glucose, starch, mashed potato, corn flour and corn steep liquor.
S5, tertiary fermentation: and (3) allowing the secondary fermentation liquor to enter a tertiary fermentation tank, adding a microbial inoculum 3 and a sugar source 3, performing anaerobic fermentation, and stirring at a timing, wherein the fermentation temperature is 30-37 ℃, and the fermentation time is 72-96 h. The pH value is controlled below 6.5.
In the figure, the microbial inoculum 3 is any one or more of lactobacillus, lactobacillus plantarum, lactobacillus rhamnosus, bacillus amyloliquefaciens and saccharomyces cerevisiae; the sugar source 3 is any one or more of brown sugar, glucose, starch, mashed potato, corn flour and corn steep liquor.
S6, liquid separation: the third-level fermentation liquor enters a separation tank for precipitation, so that the third-level fermentation liquor is divided into three layers: namely supernatant, suspension layer and precipitation layer. The supernatant is pumped into a supernatant dosing tank 1 through a sludge pump, the suspension is pumped into a suspension dosing tank 2, the sedimentation liquid is pumped into a homogenate tank, and the homogenate is ground and pumped into a paste fertilizer dosing tank 3.
S7, batching: the three batching ponds are respectively provided with a stirring device, the fermentation liquor in the three batching ponds is respectively added with nutrient substances and plant growth promoters, the adding types and the adding quantity are determined according to the crop requirements, and the mixture is stirred uniformly to prepare various liquid fertilizers.
In the figure, the nutrient substances comprise any one or more of fertilizers containing nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, iron, manganese, zinc, boron, silicon, titanium and other nutrient elements; the plant growth promoter comprises one or more of humic acid, amino acid, alginic acid, chitosan, and wood vinegar.
Example 2
As shown in fig. 2, the preparation method of the liquid fertilizer provided by the invention comprises the following steps:
s1, preprocessing, namely, the organic waste liquid used by the method is a mixture of dairy farm excrement and chicken farm excrement, the waste liquid firstly enters a preprocessing pool, the preprocessing pool is provided with a stirring device, the bottom of the pool is provided with a sand settling collection pit, a sand settling elevator is arranged on the sand settling collection pit, the waste liquid is stirred and then statically precipitated, and inorganic impurities such as bricks, sand stones, metal, glass and the like are deposited in the sand settling collection pit at the bottom of the pool and removed by the sand settling elevator. The outlet of the pretreatment tank is provided with a fine grid for removing floating and suspended organic impurities.
The mass fraction of insoluble substances in the effluent of the pretreatment tank is controlled to be 2% -10%, if the concentration is too high, sedimentation and sorting are not facilitated, and supernatant liquid needs to be refluxed from the regulating tank to the pretreatment tank for dilution.
S2, waste liquid adjustment: the waste liquid after impurity removal in the pretreatment is input into a waste liquid adjusting tank through a sludge pump, a sand settling collecting pit is arranged at the bottom of the adjusting tank, and a sand settling elevator is arranged on the sand settling collecting pit to adjust the concentration, the carbon/nitrogen ratio, the nutrient component proportion and the like of the waste liquid.
S3, primary fermentation: the upper half part of the first-level fermentation tank is provided with a supernatant taking port, and the lower half part is provided with a suspension layer and a precipitation layer taking port. The primary fermentation tank is also provided with a time stirrer, the tank bottom is provided with a distributor, waste liquid treated by the regulating tank enters the tank bottom through the distributor, and microbial inoculum 1 is added to ensure that the inoculated leavening agent and the primary flora in the organic waste liquid are symbiotic to carry out facultative fermentation.
In the attached figure, the microbial inoculum 1 refers to any one or more of bacillus subtilis, bacillus coagulans, bacillus licheniformis, bifidobacterium, bacillus amyloliquefaciens, streptococcus thermophilus, lactobacillus plantarum, aspergillus oryzae and yeast.
S4, secondary fermentation: the secondary fermentation tank comprises a secondary fermentation tank 1 and a secondary fermentation tank 2, supernatant of the primary fermentation liquid enters the secondary fermentation tank 1 through a supernatant taking port, and suspension and precipitation liquid enter the secondary fermentation tank 2 through a lower layer taking port. And an aeration system is arranged at the bottom of the secondary fermentation tank, the microbial inoculum 2 and the sugar source 2 are added, aeration and oxygen supplementation are carried out, aerobic fermentation is carried out, the fermentation temperature is 30-37 ℃, the fermentation time is 48-96 h, and the pH value is controlled below 6.5.
In the attached figure, the microbial inoculum 2 is any one or more of bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, bacillus amyloliquefaciens, bacillus megaterium, aspergillus oryzae, trichoderma viride and saccharomycetes; the sugar source 2 is any one or more of brown sugar, glucose, starch, mashed potato, corn flour and corn steep liquor.
S5, tertiary fermentation: the fermentation tank comprises a third-level 1 fermentation tank and a third-level 2 fermentation tank, wherein fermentation liquor of the second-level 1 fermentation tank enters the third-level 1 fermentation tank, fermentation liquor of the second-level 2 fermentation tank enters the third-level 2 fermentation tank, a stirring device is arranged when the fermentation tanks are set, microbial inoculum 3 and sugar source 3 are added, anaerobic fermentation is carried out, timing stirring is carried out, the fermentation temperature is 30-37 ℃, the fermentation time is 72-96 hours, and the pH value is controlled below 6.5.
In the figure, the microbial inoculum 3 is any one or more of lactobacillus, lactobacillus plantarum, lactobacillus rhamnosus, bacillus amyloliquefaciens and saccharomyces cerevisiae; the sugar source 3 is any one or more of brown sugar, glucose, starch, mashed potato, corn flour and corn steep liquor.
S6, liquid separation: the fermentation liquor of the third-level 1 fermentation tank enters a supernatant dosing tank 1, and the fermentation liquor of the third-level 2 fermentation tank enters a separation tank for precipitation, so that the fermentation liquor of the third-level fermentation tank is divided into three layers: namely supernatant, suspension layer and precipitation layer. The supernatant is pumped into a supernatant proportioning pool 1 by a sludge pump, the suspension is pumped into a suspension proportioning pool 2, the sedimentation layer is pumped into a homogenate pool, and the homogenate is ground and pumped into a paste fertilizer proportioning pool 3.
S7, batching: the three batching ponds are respectively provided with a stirring device, the fermentation liquor in the three batching ponds is respectively added with nutrient substances and plant growth promoters, the adding types and the adding quantity are determined according to the crop requirements, and the mixture is stirred uniformly to prepare various liquid fertilizers.
In the figure, the nutrient substances comprise any one or more of fertilizers containing nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, iron, manganese, zinc, boron, silicon, titanium and other nutrient elements; the plant growth promoter comprises one or more of humic acid, amino acid, alginic acid, chitosan, and wood vinegar.
In conclusion, in the organic fertilizer preparation method provided by the invention, the organic wastewater concentration, the carbon/nitrogen ratio and the nutrients are adjusted, the multi-stage fermentation and directional culture is carried out to produce the high-activity multifunctional organic acid nutrient solution, and various liquid fertilizers are prepared, so that the prepared liquid fertilizer has remarkable effects on improving soil, promoting root system development, enhancing photosynthesis, reducing diseases, increasing yield and improving quality.
It is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the specific steps and structures described above and shown in the attached drawings. Also, a detailed description of known process techniques is omitted herein for the sake of brevity.
The above description is only an example of the present application and is not limited to the present application. Various modifications and alterations to this application will become apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of this invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application should be included in the scope of the claims of the present application.
Claims (10)
1. A method of preparing a liquid fertilizer, comprising:
s1, preprocessing: sending the high-concentration organic waste liquid to a pretreatment tank, wherein the pretreatment tank is provided with a stirring device, a sand settling device and a grating device, and the organic waste water is stirred, precipitated and subjected to solid-liquid separation to obtain effluent of the pretreatment tank;
s2, waste liquid adjustment: sending the effluent of the pretreatment tank to an adjusting tank, and adjusting the concentration, carbon/nitrogen ratio and nutrients of the pretreated effluent to obtain the effluent of the adjusting tank;
s3, multi-stage fermentation: delivering the effluent of the regulating tank to a fermentation tank, adding a fermenting agent and a carbon source, and performing multi-stage fermentation to obtain a fermentation liquid, wherein the pH value of the fermentation liquid is controlled below 6.5;
s4, settling separation: sending the fermentation liquor to a separation and sedimentation tank, separating the fermentation liquor into a supernatant, a suspension layer and a sedimentation layer after sedimentation, respectively pumping the supernatant and the suspension layer to a first mixing tank and a second mixing tank, pumping the sedimentation layer to a homogenizing tank, grinding and homogenizing, and pumping to a third mixing tank;
s5, batching: and respectively adding nutrient substances and plant growth promoters into the fermentation liquor of the first mixing tank, the second mixing tank and the third mixing tank, and uniformly stirring to obtain different liquid fertilizers.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the multi-stage fermentation is a two-stage fermentation or a three-stage fermentation in step S3.
3. The method for preparing a composite material according to claim 1, wherein the step S3 includes:
s31, primary fermentation: delivering the effluent of the regulating reservoir to a primary fermentation tank, adding a leavening agent for facultative fermentation, and continuing to ferment the large-particle organic matter after fermentation, so as to obtain a primary fermentation liquid from the generated small-molecular organic matter and organic acid mixed liquid;
s32, secondary fermentation: sending the primary fermentation liquid to a secondary fermentation tank, adding a fermentation agent and a carbon source for aerobic fermentation, and obtaining secondary fermentation liquid after fermentation;
s33, tertiary fermentation: and (3) conveying the secondary fermentation liquor to a tertiary fermentation tank, adding a fermentation agent and a carbon source for anaerobic fermentation, and fermenting to obtain tertiary fermentation liquor.
4. The preparation method according to claim 3, wherein the secondary fermentation tank comprises a first secondary fermentation system and a second secondary fermentation system, the third fermentation tank comprises a first third fermentation system and a second third fermentation system, the first fermentation liquid is separated into a first supernatant and a second supernatant after being settled, the first supernatant sequentially passes through the first secondary fermentation system and the third fermentation system for fermentation and then enters the first dosing tank, and the second supernatant sequentially passes through the second secondary fermentation system and the third fermentation system for fermentation to obtain a third fermentation liquid.
5. The preparation method according to claim 4, wherein the tertiary fermentation liquid is sent to a separation and sedimentation tank, the fermentation liquid is separated into a secondary supernatant, a suspension layer and a sedimentation layer after sedimentation, and the secondary supernatant is pumped to the first dosing tank.
6. The method according to claim 3, wherein in step S31, the leavening agent comprises any one or more of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus coagulans, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus bifidus, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Streptococcus thermophilus, Lactobacillus plantarum, Aspergillus oryzae, and yeast.
7. The method according to claim 3, wherein in step S32, the leavening agent is any one or more of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus megaterium, Aspergillus oryzae, Trichoderma viride, and Saccharomyces; the carbon source is any one or more of brown sugar, glucose, starch, mashed potato, corn flour and corn steep liquor.
8. The method according to claim 3, wherein in step S33, the leavening agent is any one or more of lactic acid bacteria, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae; the carbon source is any one or more of brown sugar, glucose, starch, mashed potato, corn flour and corn steep liquor.
9. The method according to claim 1, wherein in step S5, the nutrient substance includes any one or more of fertilizers containing nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, iron, manganese, zinc, boron, silicon, titanium and other nutrient elements.
10. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein in step S5, the plant growth promoter is any one or more of humic acid, amino acid, alginic acid, chitosan, and wood vinegar; the fermentation temperature in the steps S2 and S3 is 30-37 ℃.
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