CN114213675A - 一种石墨烯量子点掺杂抗菌水凝胶的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种石墨烯量子点掺杂抗菌水凝胶的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种基于石墨烯量子点掺杂的抗菌水凝胶及其制备方法,该抗菌水凝胶以聚赖氨酸改性的石墨烯量子点、季氨化壳聚糖和四臂聚乙二醇苯甲醛为原料,在水溶液中通过席夫碱反应原位形成动态亚胺键,使大分子快速交联制备而成。本发明操作简单,原料绿色环保,制备周期短,无需有机溶剂,且无需昂贵的仪器,制得的水凝胶具有良好的自愈合性,利于延长敷料的使用寿命;具有可注射性和可形变能力,利于对不同形状伤口的封闭;具有良好的光热性能及pH和温度响应性,利于其在细菌感染微酸环境的伤口处加速降解,裸露更多抗菌高分子,并结合光热治疗方式达到抗细菌感染效果;并且还具有良好的机械性能和荧光发光性能。这些性能使该抗菌水凝胶在组织工程与修复领域和荧光防伪领域具有良好的应用前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明体涉及一种石墨烯量子点掺杂抗菌水凝胶的制备方法。
背景技术
近年来,慢性创伤如压疮、糖尿病足、Ⅲ度烧伤或烫伤等发病率不断攀升。慢性伤口易继发感染,经久不愈,严重影响患者生活质量;若发生感染扩散,还可能导致脓毒症等并发症,危及患者生命。水凝胶敷料可缩短慢性创面治疗时间,明显减少换药次数,促进伤口愈合。但目前临床上使用的多数水凝胶敷料缺乏智能性,抗感染效果差,开发新型抗菌敷料解决慢性伤口难愈合问题迫在眉睫。
纳米技术作为一个新兴的领域,正在被广泛地探索,以期为创面的护理与治疗带来创新的方法。例如GQDs在氙灯照射下可以迅速产生热,对细菌的内外膜造成不可逆的损伤,导致细胞质泄漏和死亡,促进感染创面的愈合。并且,GQDs对细胞无明显毒性且具有良好的血液相容性。因此在慢性创面修复治疗中引起了极大的关注。但GQDs表面带有大量带负电的羧基,使其与表面带负电的细菌结合受到了一定限制。
ε-PL是一种天然的光谱抗菌材料,于2003年被FDA批准成为安全的食品保鲜剂。聚赖氨酸分子外部含有大量的氨基,所带的正电荷能与细菌表面的负电位点结合以杀死细菌。通过用ε-PL改性GQDs制得的小分子抗菌剂(GQDs-ε-PL),可以通过光热和化学联合治疗方法达到良好的抗菌效果。但将GQDs-ε-PL作为慢性伤口敷料,虽能抗感染,却对伤口缺乏保护力,无法避免伤口发生二次创伤。
抗菌水凝胶是一类性能优于传统敷料的新型敷料,因具有良好的抑菌、保湿、控制和吸收渗出液、避免伤口粘连、减轻伤口疼痛、促进肉芽组织生长、保护伤口等优点,被广泛研究。目前开发的抗菌水凝胶多通过负载银离子等小分子抗菌剂而制得,缺乏智能性,易发生抗菌剂突释,无法达到长效、按需抗菌目的。且受外力破坏后很难自修复,使用寿命短,无法为伤口提供良好的愈合环境。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种石墨烯量子点掺杂、多重响应性自愈合抗菌水凝胶的制备方法。
本发明采用的技术方案是:
一种石墨烯量子点掺杂抗菌水凝胶的制备方法,所述方法为:先通过水热反应将氧化石墨烯制备成石墨烯量子点(GQDs);然后在存在1-(3-二甲氨基丙基)-3-乙基碳二亚胺盐酸盐(EDC)和N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺(NHS)作催化剂的条件下,使用聚赖氨酸(ε-PL)对石墨烯量子点进行改性,获得改性石墨烯量子点(GQDs-ε-PL);最后将改性石墨烯量子点与季氨化壳聚糖(QCS)和四臂聚乙二醇苯甲醛(4arm PEG-BA)在水溶液中进行席夫碱反应形成动态亚胺键,交联制得GQDs-ε-PL/QCS/4arm PEG-BA水凝胶。
本发明通过动态共价键构筑自愈合性抗菌水凝胶,使活性抗菌物质动态交联于水凝胶网络中,可以解决前述问题。亚胺键是一种动态、可逆的共价键,由氨基和醛基基团缩合而成,俗称席夫碱键。它是一种重要的化学键,在受到外力破坏后能够通过水凝胶内部网络中频繁断裂和再生,为其提供自愈合能力,以延长敷料使用寿命。此外,水凝胶在酸性 pH和较高温度下降解较快,具有pH和温度响应性,利于其在细菌感染微酸环境的伤口处加速降解,裸露更多抗菌高分子,以实现根据伤口处细菌感染程度按需抗菌的目的。
具体的,所述方法包括如下顺序步骤:
(1)将氧化石墨烯溶液、NH3·H2O和H2O2水溶液加入到反应釜中,在 180~200℃下反应6~8h,后冷却至室温;
(2)步骤(1)所得溶液用滤膜过滤以除去石墨烯残渣,旋蒸除掉未反应的氨水,透析除去小粒径GQDs得到均一粒径的GQDs;
(3)步骤(2)所得溶液冷冻干燥得到GQDs粉末;
(4)将GQDs粉末在室温下溶于双蒸水中,配制成0.5~1mg/mL的GQDs溶液,调节溶液pH为4~5,加入EDC和NHS,避光反应1~2h;
(5)往步骤(4)所得溶液加入ε-PL,避光搅拌18~24h,然后调节溶液pH为 7.00,再反应50~60min以终止反应;
(6)步骤(5)所得溶液置于透析袋中,室温下透析3d,每隔8h换一次水;
(7)步骤(6)所得溶液在-80℃冷冻干燥3d,得到改性石墨烯量子点 (GQDs-ε-PL);
(8)步骤(7)所得粉末在室温下溶于双蒸水中,配制成0.1~0.2g/mL的 GQDs-ε-PL溶液;
(9)将QCS在室温下溶于双蒸水中,配制成0.01~0.05g/mL的QCS溶液;
(10)将4arm PEG-BA在室温下溶于双蒸水中,配制成0.1~0.2g/mL的4arm PEG-BA溶液;
(11)将步骤(8)和(9)及(10)中所得溶液按照4arm PEG-BA:QCS:GQDs-ε-PL 质量比为比为:4.4~6.9:0.88~1.37:0~6.1的比例混合均匀,室温下反应1~20min得湿态抗菌水凝胶;
(12)将步骤(11)所得的湿态水凝胶冷冻干燥,得到干态抗菌水凝胶。
具体的,步骤(1)中NH3·H2O在混合溶液中质量浓度为1%~5%,H2O2在混合溶液中质量浓度为1%~5%,反应温度为120℃~200℃,反应时间为2h~24h。
优选的,步骤(5)中聚赖氨酸上-NH2与石墨烯量子点上-COOH的官能团摩尔比为1~ 80:1。
具体的,步骤(2)中用0.22μm滤膜过滤除去石墨烯残渣,以500D透析袋透析8h除去小粒径GQDs。
本发明的有益效果主要体现在:本发明所用原料廉价易得,安全无毒,抗菌水凝胶的制备工艺简单,周期短,90s内即可原为成胶,不需要昂贵的仪器;所述水凝胶以水为溶剂,聚赖氨酸改性量子点、季氨化壳聚糖和四臂聚乙二醇苯甲醛为原料,通过席夫碱反应,原为生成动态亚胺键,形成具有网孔结构的智能性水凝胶;该水凝胶可以在受外力破坏后变成溶胶,静置后又回复凝胶状态,具有良好自愈合性,利于延长敷料的使用寿命;制备所得水凝胶具有可注射性和可形变能力,利于对不同形状伤口的封闭;水凝胶中的 GQDs-ε-PL赋予其稳定的、反复光热升温能力;此外,水凝胶在酸性pH和较高温度下溶胀率较低、降解较快,具有pH和温度响应性,利于其在细菌感染微酸环境的伤口处加速降解,裸露更多抗菌高分子的抗细菌感染。
附图说明
图1为是步骤12)根据不同重量比所得的六种冻干水凝胶的SEM图。
图2为步骤3)和7)所得的GQDs和GQDs-ε-PL以及步骤11)所得的Gel0和Gel1通过氙灯10min照射后的红外热成像图。
图3为步骤11)所得的Gel0和Gel1湿态水凝胶的抗菌活性图。
图4为步骤11)所得的Gel0和Gel1湿态水凝胶的可注射、自愈合及荧光发光效果图。
图5为步骤12)所得的Gel0和Gel1干态水凝胶浸入不同温度、不同pH的PBS中,在不同时间间隔的重量剩余率。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实例对本发明做进一步详细地说明,但本发明并不限于以下实施例:
实施例1:
一、石墨烯量子点(GQDs)的制备
1)将40mL氧化石墨烯溶液、4mLNH3·H2O和5%H2O2加入到100mL反应釜中,在 200℃下反应8h,冷却至室温。
2)将步骤1)所得溶液用0.22μm滤膜过滤以除去石墨烯残渣,旋蒸后除掉未反应的氨水, 500D透析袋透析8h除去小粒径GQDs以得到均一粒径的GQDs。
3)将步骤2)所得溶液在-80℃冷冻干燥3d后得到GQDs粉末。
二、聚赖氨酸改性石墨烯量子点(GQDs-ε-PL)的制备
4)将GQDs粉末在室温下溶于双蒸水中,配制成1mg/mL的GQDs溶液,调节溶液pH 为4.75,加入EDC和NHS,避光反应2h。
5)在步骤4)所得溶液加入ε-PL,避光搅拌24h,然后调节溶液pH为7.00,再反应60min 以终止反应;
6)将步骤5)所得溶液置于透析袋中,在室温条件下透析3d,每隔8h换一次水;
7)将步骤6)所得溶液在-80℃冷冻干燥3d,得到ε-PL改性的GQDs(GQDs-ε-PL);
三、基于动态亚胺键的抗菌水凝胶(GQDs-ε-PL/QCS/4arm PEG-BA)抗菌水凝胶的制备
8)将步骤7)所得粉末在室温下溶于双蒸水中,配制成0.2g/mL的GQDs-ε-PL溶液;
9)将QCS在室温下溶于双蒸水中,配制成0.03g/mL的QCS溶液;
10)将4arm PEG-BA在室温下溶于双蒸水中,配制成0.15g/mL的4arm PEG-BA溶液;
11)将步骤8)和9)及10)中所得溶液按不同重量比(6.9:1.37:0;6.2:1.23:1.7;5.6:1.12:3.0;5.2:1.03:4.1;4.8:0.95:5.1;4.4:0.88:6.1)混合均匀,室温下反应0-15min得湿态水凝胶;
12)将步骤11)所得的湿态水凝胶在-80℃冷冻干燥3d,得到干态水凝胶。
不同重量比所得的六种冻干水凝胶的SEM图参见图1,这六种水凝胶分别被命名为Gel0,Gel1,Gel2,Gel3,Gel4和Gel5。图中a,b,c,d,e,f分别代表Gel0,Gel1,Gel2, Gel3,Gel4和Gel5干态水凝胶,对应的4arm PEG-BA:QCS:GQDs-ε-PL质量比分别为: Gel0:6.9:1.37:0,Gel1:6.2:1.23:1.7,Gel2:5.6:1.12:3.0,Gel3:5.2:1.03:4.1, Gel4:4.8:0.95:5.1,Gel5:4.4:0.88:6.1。由图可知,所有水凝胶均显示出高度多孔和相互连接的网络结构。
步骤3)和7)所得的GQDs和GQDs-ε-PL以及步骤11)所得的Gel0和Gel1通过氙灯10min照射后的红外热成像图参见图2。由图可知,GQDs、GQDs-ε-PL、Gel0和Gel1 经氙灯照射10min后温度分别达到54.1℃、47.1℃、33.4℃和51.6℃;结果表明,因GQDs 的存在使得水凝胶具有良好的光热性能。
步骤11)所得的Gel0和Gel1湿态水凝胶的抗菌活性图参见图3,具体实验步骤:将Gel0, Gel1和Gel1+Light与E.coli,S.aureus和P.aeruginosa菌悬液共孵育24h,取70μL细菌菌悬液均匀地涂敷到固体培养基上,再次培养24h后观察并记录琼脂板上菌落的生长情况。此外分别吸取100μL的E.coli,S.aureus和P.aeruginosa菌悬液,用紫外分光光度计测试OD600的值,并计算不同水凝胶对三种细菌的抗菌率。由图可知,Gel0中因含有的季氨化壳聚糖而具有一定的抗菌效果;Gel1中随着GQDs-ε-PL的加入使得抗菌效果明显增强;而Gel1经氙灯照射10min后,通过光热和化学联合治疗杀菌率几乎为100%。因此,该水凝胶具有良好的抗菌性能。
步骤11)所得的Gel0和Gel1湿态水凝胶的可注射、自愈合及荧光发光效果图参见图4,具体操作:将溶液状态的Gel1注入5mL注射器中,待其成胶。再顺利的注射出来,并可以顺滑的写出单词“1和2”,但在紫外灯照射下可明显看出水凝胶结构破坏严重。12h后观察到水凝胶通过自愈合作用恢复其完整的结构。这一现象充分印证了自愈合水凝胶可以顺利的从注射器中推出,且可通过重新交联完成新的自愈合过程。说明,该水凝胶具有良好的可注射性、自愈合性和荧光发光能力。
步骤12)所得的Gel0和Gel1干态水凝胶浸入不同温度、不同pH的PBS中,其在不同时间间隔的重量剩余率如图5所示,Gel0和Gel1在不同环境条件下均经历了先溶胀后降解的阶段。在凝胶溶胀阶段中,Gel0和Gel1在pH=7.4,25℃下的最大溶胀率分别为: 221.5%和201.9%;在pH=7.4;37℃下的最大溶胀率分别为:176.1%和230.2%;在pH =5.0,37℃下,Gel0和Gel1不溶胀或只有轻微溶胀。这说明Gel0和Gel1具有pH和温度依赖的可溶胀性。
在水凝胶降解阶段中,Gel0和Gel1在pH=7.4,25℃下的最长降解时间分别为:90h和120h;在pH=7.4,37℃下的最长降解时间均为48h;在pH=5.0,37℃下的最长降解时间分别为:12h和24h。两种水凝胶在pH=5.0比在pH=7.0下的降解时间快很多,这是因为水凝胶是通过动态亚胺键交联的,具有酸响应性。在同一pH7.4下,温度越低降解速度越慢。这是因为低温使分子热运动减慢,交联网络结合的更稳定。在相同条件下,Gel1比Gel0完全降解的时间更长,这是因为引入了更多的交联位点使得体系交联更紧密,水凝胶就更稳定。
以上所述仅为本发明的制备方法,凡依本发明申请专利范围所做的均等变化与修饰,皆应属本发明的涵盖范围。
Claims (5)
1.一种石墨烯量子点掺杂抗菌水凝胶的制备方法,所述方法为:先通过水热反应将氧化石墨烯制备成石墨烯量子点(GQDs);然后在存在1-(3-二甲氨基丙基)-3-乙基碳二亚胺盐酸盐(EDC)和N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺(NHS)作催化剂的条件下,使用聚赖氨酸(ε-PL)对石墨烯量子点进行改性,获得改性石墨烯量子点(GQDs-ε-PL);最后将改性石墨烯量子点与季氨化壳聚糖(QCS)和四臂聚乙二醇苯甲醛(4arm PEG-BA)在水溶液中进行席夫碱反应形成动态亚胺键,交联制得GQDs-ε-PL/QCS/4arm PEG-BA水凝胶。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于所述方法包括如下顺序步骤:
(1)将氧化石墨烯溶液、NH3·H2O和H2O2水溶液加入到反应釜中,在180~200℃下反应6~8h,后冷却至室温;
(2)步骤(1)所得溶液用滤膜过滤以除去石墨烯残渣,旋蒸除掉未反应的氨水,透析除去小粒径GQDs得到均一粒径的GQDs;
(3)步骤(2)所得溶液冷冻干燥得到GQDs粉末;
(4)将GQDs粉末在室温下溶于双蒸水中,配制成0.5~1mg/mL的GQDs溶液,调节溶液pH为4~5,加入EDC和NHS,避光反应1~2h;
(5)往步骤(4)所得溶液加入ε-PL,避光搅拌18~24h,然后调节溶液pH为7.00,再反应50~60min以终止反应;
(6)步骤(5)所得溶液置于透析袋中,室温下透析3d,每隔8h换一次水;
(7)步骤(6)所得溶液在-80℃冷冻干燥3d,得到改性石墨烯量子点(GQDs-ε-PL);
(8)步骤(7)所得粉末在室温下溶于双蒸水中,配制成0.1~0.2g/mL的GQDs-ε-PL溶液;
(9)将QCS在室温下溶于双蒸水中,配制成0.01~0.05g/mL的QCS溶液;
(10)将4arm PEG-BA在室温下溶于双蒸水中,配制成0.1~0.2g/mL的4arm PEG-BA溶液;
(11)将步骤(8)和(9)及(10)中所得溶液按照4arm PEG-BA:QCS:GQDs-ε-PL质量比为比为:4.4~6.9:0.88~1.37:0~6.1的比例混合均匀,室温下反应1~20min得湿态抗菌水凝胶;
(12)将步骤(11)所得的湿态水凝胶冷冻干燥,得到干态抗菌水凝胶。
3.如权利要求2所述的方法,其特征在于步骤(1)中NH3·H2O在混合溶液中质量浓度为1%~5%,H2O2在混合溶液中质量浓度为1%~5%,反应温度为120℃~200℃,反应时间为2h~24h。
4.如权利要求2所述的方法,其特征在于步骤(5)中聚赖氨酸上-NH2与石墨烯量子点上-COOH的官能团摩尔比为1~80:1。
5.如权利要求2所述的方法,其特征在于步骤(2)中用0.22μm滤膜过滤除去石墨烯残渣,以500D透析袋透析8h除去小粒径GQDs。
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