CN114197393B - Anti-filtering layer-based hydro-fluctuation belt slope ecological treatment method - Google Patents
Anti-filtering layer-based hydro-fluctuation belt slope ecological treatment method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114197393B CN114197393B CN202111550405.9A CN202111550405A CN114197393B CN 114197393 B CN114197393 B CN 114197393B CN 202111550405 A CN202111550405 A CN 202111550405A CN 114197393 B CN114197393 B CN 114197393B
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Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
- E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
- E02B3/12—Revetment of banks, dams, watercourses, or the like, e.g. the sea-floor
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G20/00—Cultivation of turf, lawn or the like; Apparatus or methods therefor
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
- E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
- E02B3/06—Moles; Piers; Quays; Quay walls; Groynes; Breakwaters ; Wave dissipating walls; Quay equipment
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
- E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
- E02B3/06—Moles; Piers; Quays; Quay walls; Groynes; Breakwaters ; Wave dissipating walls; Quay equipment
- E02B3/066—Quays
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
- E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
- E02B3/12—Revetment of banks, dams, watercourses, or the like, e.g. the sea-floor
- E02B3/122—Flexible prefabricated covering elements, e.g. mats, strips
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
- E03F—SEWERS; CESSPOOLS
- E03F1/00—Methods, systems, or installations for draining-off sewage or storm water
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
- E03F—SEWERS; CESSPOOLS
- E03F1/00—Methods, systems, or installations for draining-off sewage or storm water
- E03F1/001—Methods, systems, or installations for draining-off sewage or storm water into a body of water
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
- E03F—SEWERS; CESSPOOLS
- E03F5/00—Sewerage structures
- E03F5/14—Devices for separating liquid or solid substances from sewage, e.g. sand or sludge traps, rakes or grates
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A30/00—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
- Y02A30/60—Planning or developing urban green infrastructure
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Abstract
The invention discloses a hydro-fluctuation belt slope ecological treatment method based on a reverse filtering layer, which can effectively protect slope soil particles from losing, can provide a stable growth environment for hydro-fluctuation belt plants, ensures soil required by vegetation recovery, maintains ecological balance of the bank slope, and eliminates hydro-fluctuation belt bank slopes generated by periodic water level fluctuation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for controlling a land slope of a hydro-fluctuation belt, in particular to an ecological control method for solving the water and soil loss of the hydro-fluctuation belt based on vertical drainage of a reverse filtering layer.
Background
The hydro-fluctuation belt is a special area where the bank slope is repeatedly submerged due to the seasonal water level fluctuation. Vegetation on a hydro-fluctuation belt becomes sparse through dry-wet alternation, a bank slope lacking in plant root soil fixing effect is extremely easy to generate water and soil loss, so that the function degradation of an ecological system is caused, various ecological problems such as low biological diversity, environmental and visual pollution and the like are caused, and even geological disasters are caused by serious problems.
At present, most of methods for treating the hydro-fluctuation belt start from vegetation restoration, and the ecological restoration technology can play a certain role in maintaining water and soil, and aims to enable vegetation to resume growing again after the water level is lowered and restore ecological balance. The slope surface is used for strengthening the slope by utilizing the interaction between plants and rock and soil, but the slope surface is always kept to be a continuous or mostly continuous inclined plane, so that the slope surface soil particles still have a tendency to slide along the inclined plane. In the process of water level change and rainfall flushing, as the slope protection structure can not effectively intercept or block the movement of soil particles on the surface of the side slope and in the interior of the side slope, partial water and soil loss still occurs, after the side slope is subjected to long-term periodic water level fluctuation and rainfall flushing, a large amount of soil particles can be gradually eroded, water and soil can not be effectively kept for a long time, and further the effect of vegetation restoration is reduced, so that the problem of controlling a hydro-fluctuation belt which is the most critical at present is how to essentially avoid the water and soil loss.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problem of providing the green ecological slope protection method, which can effectively protect slope soil particles from losing, provide stable growth environment for the hydro-fluctuation belt plants, ensure the soil required by vegetation restoration, maintain ecological balance of the bank slope and eliminate the hydro-fluctuation belt bank slope generated by periodic water level fluctuation.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
a method for ecologically treating a hydro-fluctuation belt side slope based on a reverse filtering layer comprises the following steps:
step one: slope dividing
Dividing the slope into a highest water level position and a lowest water level position by taking the lowest water level as a lower limit and the highest water level as an upper limit according to water level data of the water level fluctuation in the water-rising period and the water-withering period;
step two: slope surface leveling
Removing sundries on the slope surface, and manually tamping and flattening;
step three: laying geotextile
The filter geotextile is paved and fixed on the slope surface to make the filter geotextile fully contact with the soil surface;
step four: pouring of permeable concrete retaining wall
In the low water level time of the dead water period, carrying out permeable concrete pouring on the toe of the slope to obtain a permeable concrete retaining wall;
step five: paving a bottom horizontal sand and stone reversed filter layer
Paving a horizontal sand and stone inverted filter layer between the permeable concrete retaining wall and the slope, and controlling the thickness of the horizontal sand and stone inverted filter layer to ensure that the surface height of the horizontal sand and stone inverted filter layer is lower than the height of the retaining wall so as to reserve a space for backfilling planting soil;
step six: place first level L shape drain bar
Placing a first-stage L-shaped drainage plate on the horizontal sand and stone reversed filter layer in the step five and fixing the first-stage L-shaped drainage plate on a side slope, wherein the L-shaped drainage plate is formed by a vertical panel and a horizontal panel, the vertical panel is a water impermeable surface, the horizontal panel is a water permeable hole surface distributed with water permeable holes, the horizontal panel of the L-shaped drainage plate is placed on the horizontal sand and stone reversed filter layer, the side, opposite to the juncture of the horizontal panel and the vertical panel, of the horizontal panel is tightly attached to the side slope, and the vertical panel and the retaining wall keep a certain horizontal interval to play a role in soil filtering and drainage;
step seven: laying horizontal sand and stone reverse filtering layer
Paving a horizontal sand and stone inverted filter layer between the first-stage L-shaped drainage plate and the slope surface, and controlling the thickness of the horizontal sand and stone inverted filter layer to ensure that the surface height of the horizontal sand and stone inverted filter layer is lower than the height of a vertical panel of the L-shaped drainage plate so as to reserve a space for backfilling planting soil;
step eight: placing second-stage L-shaped drain board
Placing a second-stage L-shaped drainage plate on the horizontal sand and stone reversed filter layer and fixing the second-stage L-shaped drainage plate on a side slope, wherein a horizontal plane plate of the L-shaped drainage plate is placed on the horizontal sand and stone reversed filter layer, the side of the horizontal plane plate opposite to the junction of the horizontal plane plate and the vertical plane plate is tightly attached to the side slope, and the vertical plane plate is kept at a certain horizontal interval with the vertical plane plate of the first-stage L-shaped drainage plate;
step nine:
repeating the operations of the steps seven and eight, placing a plurality of stages of L-shaped drain boards step by step upwards along the side slope, and paving a horizontal sand and stone inverted filter layer between each stage of L-shaped water baffle and the side slope until the upper edge of the vertical panel of the last stage of L-shaped drain board is higher than the highest water level line;
step ten:
paving a middle fine sand stone reverse filtering layer on the slope surface above the highest water level line on the water filtering geotextile, and controlling the thickness of the middle fine sand stone reverse filtering layer to reserve a space for backfilling planting soil;
step eleven: backfill planting soil
Backfilling planting soil between the retaining wall and the first-stage L-shaped plates, between each two stages of L-shaped plates (namely on a horizontal fine sand and stone reverse filtering layer between a vertical panel of the upper-stage L-shaped water draining plate and a vertical panel of the lower-stage L-shaped water draining plate) and on the slope surface structure of the part above the highest water level after all L-shaped water draining plates are placed and the slope surface structure of the part above the highest water level is completed;
step twelve:
and sowing flood-resistant plant seeds in each layer of planting soil, and curing until vegetation grows to root and has certain soil fixing capacity, thus finishing ecological green slope protection construction of the hydro-fluctuation belt.
Preferably, the slope angle of the hydro-fluctuation belt slope is 30-45 degrees.
Preferably, the geotextile adopts a drainage geotextile, the lap joint part of the geotextile forms an integral structure in a welding mode or a sewing mode, the thickness of the geotextile is between 1.5 and 5mm, and the equivalent diameter is smaller than 0.075mm. Preferably, the geotextile is fixed on the slope in the following manner: the top and bottom ends of the geotextile are fixed on the slope surface by anti-skidding nails.
Preferably, the cross section of the permeable concrete retaining wall is in a right trapezoid shape, wherein the height is 600-800mm so as to consolidate the toe. Preferably, the self strength of the pervious concrete can meet the strength requirement of common C20-C25 concrete, has 15-25% of porosity, has high water permeability and can filter soil and drain water. As a further preferred mode, the pervious concrete adopts ecological cement, provides a low-alkali environment, enables surrounding plants to grow more suitably, and also protects water quality.
Preferably, the horizontal sand and stone reverse filter layer is composed of a horizontal medium fine sand and stone reverse filter layer and the horizontal medium fine sand and stone reverse filter layer is arranged below the horizontal fine sand and stone reverse filter layer. It is further preferred that the grading of the fine sand should meet the criterion of the Taisha-based soil filtration according to the grading condition of the soil body to be protected (i.e. the soil body of the side slope), namely according to D 15 /d 85 4 is less than or equal to D 15 /d 15 Determining the particle diameter D of fine sand and stone 15 Range, where D 15 The grain size of the fine sand back filtering layer is defined as that the soil weight of the fine sand back filtering layer is less than 15% of the total soil weight; d, d 85 The grain size of the soil to be protected (namely, the side slope soil) is defined as that the soil weight less than the grain size in the side slope soil accounts for 85% of the total soil weight; d, d 15 The grain size of the soil to be protected (i.e., the side slope soil) is defined as the weight of the soil less than the grain size in the side slope soil accounting for 15% of the total soil weight. It is further preferred that the grading of the medium and fine sand should meet the criterion of the Taisha based soil filtration according to the grading condition of the soil body to be protected (i.e. the fine sand counter filter layer), i.e. according to D 15 /d 85 4 is less than or equal to D 15 /d 15 Determining the particle diameter D of the medium-fine sand 15 Range, where D 15 The grain size of the medium fine sand back filtering layer is defined as that the soil weight of the medium fine sand back filtering layer is less than 15% of the total soil weight; d, d 85 The particle size of the protected soil (namely the fine sand and stone reversed filter layer) is defined as that the soil weight less than the particle size in the fine sand and stone reversed filter layer accounts for 85% of the total soil weight; d, d 15 The particle size of the protected soil (i.e., fine sand and gravel reversed filter) is defined as the weight of the soil in the fine sand and gravel reversed filter that is less than 15% of the total weight of the soil. In order to avoid clogging and achieve the drainage effect, the mud content of the fine sand and the medium sand should be less than 3%, wherein the part with the grain diameter less than 2mm should not exceed 45% of the total weight, and the fine sand and the medium sand do not contain impurities such as plant residues, garbage and the like.
Preferably, at the toe of the slope, the thicknesses of the horizontal middle fine sand and stone reversed filter layer and the horizontal fine sand and stone reversed filter layer are respectively 300-400mm, and the thickness of the horizontal middle fine sand and stone reversed filter layer is smaller when the slope angle is larger, so that the whole structure is stable; in each stage of L-shaped drain board, the thicknesses of the horizontal middle fine sand stone reverse filtering layer and the horizontal fine sand stone reverse filtering layer are respectively 200-300mm, and the thickness of the horizontal middle fine sand stone reverse filtering layer is smaller when the slope angle is larger, so that the whole structure is stable.
Preferably, the L-shaped drain board is made of ABS engineering plastic, and is light, high in strength, high in corrosion resistance and nontoxic; the longitudinal length of the vertical panel of the L-shaped drain board, the transverse length and the vertical length of the horizontal panel are 600-700mm, and the board thickness is 20-30mm; the juncture of the horizontal plane plate and the vertical plate surface is a smooth curved surface, and the structure of the horizontal plane plate is provided with stiffening ribs to further strengthen the structural resistance. Certain horizontal intervals are kept between the vertical panels of the L-shaped drainage plates and the pervious concrete retaining wall and between the vertical panels of the adjacent two-stage L-shaped drainage plates, and generally, when the slope angle of the side slope is larger, the horizontal intervals are smaller, so that the whole structure is stable.
Preferably, the L-shaped drainage plate is fixed on the side slope through the water permeable holes of the horizontal plate by using the wood piles or the bamboo piles, so that the overall stability is improved, and the side slope environment is not polluted by using the wood piles or the bamboo piles, so that the ecological balance is more facilitated.
Preferably, the upper edge of the vertical panel of the L-shaped drain board of the last stage is higher than the highest water level line and is vertically spaced from the highest water level line by less than 200 mm.
Preferably, a vertical fine sand and stone reverse filter layer is laid on the slope surface above the highest water level at intervals (for example, intervals of 2000-3000 mm) to serve as a water intercepting ditch.
Preferably, in the step ten, the vertical thickness of the medium fine sand stone back filtering layer on the slope surface at the part above the highest water level is 200-300mm relative to the slope surface.
Preferably, in the eleventh step, the planting surface is formed into a smooth concave curved surface.
Preferably, the flooding-resistant plant is one or any combination of bermuda grass, bull's penis, green couch grass, sweet root and baxi grass.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) Through the water level fluctuation condition, the reasonable division setting is carried out on the side slope in a targeted manner, so that the water level fluctuation problem is effectively and reasonably treated, and the economic safety is realized.
(2) The slope is transformed into a stepped structure, the sectional rapid vertical drainage based on the reverse filtering layer is carried out, and water is guided to the permeable concrete retaining wall through the middle fine sand reverse filtering layer on the lower layer. In the process, the traditional scouring and splashing mode of the rainwater on the surface of the side slope is changed into a vertical rainfall mode, so that the horizontal movement of soil particles is essentially limited, the soil erosion on the surface of the side slope is avoided, the rapid soil filtration and drainage are realized under the action of the multi-layer reverse filtration layer, and the infiltration damage caused by the phenomena of upper water stagnation and the like is prevented.
(3) The L-shaped drain board adopted in the invention is light in weight and high in strength, can provide good drainage and water isolation effects, can conduct layered treatment on the side slope, and can conduct stepped layered independent precipitation on different layers of soil, the L-shaped drain board is higher than a planting surface, the horizontal displacement of soil particles is effectively limited, the cost of the L-shaped drain board is lower, batch production can be achieved, and construction operation is simple.
(4) Planting flooding-resistant plants in the planting soil, further consolidating the soil of the bank slope through the root system of the plants, preventing water and soil loss, keeping good vital signs of the flooding-resistant plants under the condition of water level elevation, and providing conditions for improving the durability of the green ecological bank slope. After the water level drops, the reverse filtration system can cause a small-range blockage due to the retention of part of soil particles, such as blockage caused by the retention of fine soil particles in the reverse filtration layer or blockage formed by aggregation on the surface of the reverse filtration layer, and the problems can cause the permeability coefficient of the reverse filtration layer to be gradually reduced, so that the soil filtration and drainage effects of the reverse filtration system are affected. The fine sand stone reverse filtering layer is arranged on the middle fine sand stone layer, when the water level rises, water flow can enter the drainage channel from the permeable concrete retaining wall to wash each reverse filtering layer, further, the reverse filtering layer can play a role in dredging, and the long-term operation of the reverse filtering system is kept.
(5) Under the condition that the water level rapidly drops or sudden heavy rain, the formed water flow passes through the planting surface and is limited by the water isolation surface of the L-shaped plate, and only vertical penetration parallel to the water isolation surface can occur. The first fine sand and gravel reverse filtering layer is arranged on the lower layer of the protected soil body, so that the largest moved particles in the protected soil body are easy to form an arch at the outlet of the reverse filtering layer by reasonably selecting the particle size, and other particles are prevented from continuously entering the reverse filtering layer, and the effect of filtering soil is achieved. The grain diameter of the middle fine sand stone reverse filtering layer of the second layer is larger than that of the upper sand stone reverse filtering layer, and the middle fine sand stone reverse filtering layer and the upper sand stone reverse filtering layer form a reliable and stable soil body structure without relative sliding, so that a sufficient drainage channel is provided, and the aim of rapid drainage is fulfilled with sufficient drainage capacity; under the condition of rising water level, soil particles do not move along with water flow under the action of dead weight and upper resistance, water flow in the reverse filtration system rapidly passes through structural gaps of the reverse filtration layer to be consistent with external water level, and adverse effects of water head difference on side slopes are reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic overall cross-sectional view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic partial cross-sectional view of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of an L-shaped drainage plate used in the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing the movement of water flow inside the slope protection structure under the conditions of water level change and rainfall;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the local water level in the case of water level change and rainfall according to the present invention;
reference numerals:
1-geotextile
2-middle fine sand stone back filtering layer
3-fine sand reverse filter layer
4-permeable concrete retaining wall
5-planting soil
6-L shaped drain board
7-flood-resistant plants
8-lowest water level
9-water level rise
10-the highest water level
11-intercepting drain
12-direction of movement of water flow
13-slope outer water line
14-water level line in slope protection structure
A-permeable surface
B-impervious surface
C-stiffening ribs.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples, which are given solely for the purpose of illustration and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Referring to fig. 1 to 3, the ecological treatment method for the hydro-fluctuation belt slope based on the reverse filtering layer, wherein the slope angle of the hydro-fluctuation belt slope is 30-45 degrees, and the construction method comprises the following steps:
step one: slope dividing
According to the water level data, the slope is divided into a highest water level 10 and a lowest water level 8 by taking the lowest water level as a lower limit and the highest water level as an upper limit.
Step two: slope surface leveling
And (5) removing sundries such as garbage, stones, turf, tree roots and the like on the slope surface, and manually tamping and flattening. According to the local situation, construction of the slope top intercepting ditch and the slope surface drainage ditch can be carried out, so that a complete intercepting drainage system is formed in the whole construction area, and slope protection engineering construction is facilitated.
Step three: laying geotextile
The filter type polyester filament geotextile 1 is paved on a slope surface and fully contacts with the soil surface, the top end and the bottom end of the geotextile are fixed by anti-skidding nails, and the lap joint part of the geotextile is required to form an integral structure in a welding mode or a sewing mode. Step four: pouring of permeable concrete retaining wall
In the low water level time of limited dead water period, grasp at the toe and carry out wooden plywood template and prop up and set up, carry out C20 concrete pouring that permeates water, the structural section of concrete retaining wall that permeates water is right trapezoid, highly is 600-800mm to consolidate the toe, the concrete retaining wall 4 that permeates water of pouring, watering maintenance waits for its intensity to reach the design intensity more than 75%, then further construction.
Step five: paving a bottom horizontal sand and stone reversed filter layer
On a slopeThe horizontal middle fine sand and stone reverse filtering layer 2 and the horizontal fine sand and stone reverse filtering layer 3 are respectively paved between the foot permeable concrete retaining wall and the slope surface and are arranged on the water filtering geotechnical cloth 1, the middle fine sand and stone reverse filtering layer 2 is arranged below the horizontal fine sand and stone reverse filtering layer 3, the total thickness of the horizontal middle fine sand and stone reverse filtering layer 2 and the horizontal fine sand and stone reverse filtering layer 3 is controlled to be lower than the height of the retaining wall so as to reserve a space for backfilling the planting soil, wherein the thickness of the middle fine sand and stone reverse filtering layer is 300-400mm, the thickness of the fine sand and stone reverse filtering layer is 300-400mm, and the water filtering geotechnical cloth 1 is adopted between the sand and stone reverse filtering layers to separate the sand and stone reverse filtering layers so as to prevent the mixing of two particle sizes from influencing the drainage effect of the filtering soil. The grading of the fine sand stone meets the criterion of the Taisha-based soil filtering according to the grading condition of the soil body to be protected (namely the soil body of a side slope), namely according to D 15 /d 85 4 is less than or equal to D 15 /d 15 Determining the particle diameter D of fine sand and stone 15 Range, where D 15 The grain size of the fine sand back filtering layer is defined as that the soil weight of the fine sand back filtering layer is less than 15% of the total soil weight; d, d 85 The grain size of the soil to be protected (namely, the side slope soil) is defined as that the soil weight less than the grain size in the side slope soil accounts for 85% of the total soil weight; d, d 15 The grain size of the soil to be protected (i.e., the side slope soil) is defined as the weight of the soil less than the grain size in the side slope soil accounting for 15% of the total soil weight. The grading of the medium and fine sand shall meet the criterion of the Taisha-based soil filtration according to the grading condition of the protected soil body (namely the fine sand reverse filtration layer), namely according to D 15 /d 85 4 is less than or equal to D 15 /d 15 Determining the particle diameter D of the medium-fine sand 15 Range, where D 15 The grain size of the medium fine sand back filtering layer is defined as that the soil weight of the medium fine sand back filtering layer is less than 15% of the total soil weight; d, d 85 The particle size of the protected soil (namely the fine sand and stone reversed filter layer) is defined as that the soil weight less than the particle size in the fine sand and stone reversed filter layer accounts for 85% of the total soil weight; d, d 15 The particle size of the protected soil (i.e., fine sand and gravel reversed filter) is defined as the weight of the soil in the fine sand and gravel reversed filter that is less than 15% of the total weight of the soil. In order to avoid clogging and achieve the drainage effect, the mud content of the fine sand and the medium sand is less than 3%, the part with the grain diameter less than 2mm is not more than 45% of the total weight, and the fine sand and the medium sand are free of impurities such as plant residues and garbage.
Step six: place first level L shape drain bar
The L-shaped drain board is made of ABS engineering plastics, and consists of a vertical panel and a horizontal panel, wherein the longitudinal length of the vertical panel, the transverse level and the vertical length of the horizontal panel of the single drain board are 600-700mm, and the board thickness is 20-30mm; the vertical panel is a water impermeable surface, the horizontal panel is a water permeable surface which is provided with a plurality of circular water permeable holes beneficial to seepage, the junction of the horizontal panel and the vertical panel is a smooth curved surface, and the structure of the vertical panel is provided with stiffening ribs. After the horizontal sand and stone reversed filter layer is laid, the first-stage L-shaped drainage plate 6 is placed on the horizontal fine sand and stone reversed filter layer 3, and the side, opposite to the junction of the horizontal plate and the vertical plate, of the horizontal plate is tightly attached to the side slope. The L-shaped drainage plate is fixed on the side slope through round holes of the horizontal plate by using wood piles or bamboo piles.
Step seven: laying horizontal sand and stone reverse filtering layer
And (3) paving a horizontal medium fine sand and stone reverse filtering layer with the thickness of 200-300mm and a horizontal fine sand and stone reverse filtering layer with the thickness of 200-300mm between the first stage L-shaped drain plate and the slope according to the operation of the step five.
Step eight: placing second-stage L-shaped drain board
And (3) placing a second-stage L-shaped drainage plate on the horizontal fine sand counter filter layer in the step (seven) according to the operation of the step (six) and fixing the second-stage L-shaped drainage plate on a side slope.
Step nine:
and repeating the operations of the steps seven and eight, and placing a plurality of stages of L-shaped drain boards step by step upwards along the side slope until the height of the upper edge of the vertical panel of the L-shaped drain board of the last stage is higher than the highest water level line and the vertical distance between the upper edge and the highest water level is within 200 mm.
Step ten:
the slope surface above the highest water level is mainly used for preventing water and soil loss caused by rain wash, the construction method is to firstly lay a middle fine sand stone reverse filtering layer with the thickness of 200-300mm (relative to the vertical thickness of the slope surface) on the water filtering geotextile 1, and lay a vertical fine sand stone reverse filtering layer on the slope surface at intervals of 2000-3000 mm to serve as a water intercepting ditch 11.
Step eleven: backfill planting soil
And backfilling planting soil 5 on the middle fine sand stone inverted filter layer of the slope structure between the retaining wall and the first-stage L-shaped water baffle, between the adjacent two-stage L-shaped water baffles and above the highest water level after all the L-shaped water baffles 6 are placed below the highest water level, making the planting surface into a smooth concave curved surface, sowing flood-resistant plant seeds in each layer of planting soil 5 through a spray sowing technology, and curing until vegetation grows to have certain soil fixing capacity, thus finishing ecological green slope protection construction of the hydro-fluctuation belt.
Example 1:
with reference to the construction method, the embodiment is used for a high-speed YK22+730-YK22+970 base bay roadbed slope test section of Qian yellow in Chuan county of Hangzhou of Zhejiang province, the test section is 100m long, the slope is a embankment filling slope affected by water level fluctuation, the north side is against the expressway pavement, the south side faces the lake, the east side is intersected with another slope, and the west side is an extension section of the slope. The total height of the slope is about 28m, the slope is integrally filled in three stages, the slope height of the first stage is about 8m, the slope rate is 1:2.00, the slope height of the second stage is about 12m, the slope rate is 1:1.75, the slope height of the third stage is about 8m, the slope rate is 1:1.50, and a platform with the width of 2m is arranged at the joint of each two stages of slopes.
The floor is warm and moist, has abundant rainfall and sufficient illumination, and has annual precipitation of 1100-1600 mm, and is mainly composed of spring rain, plum rain and typhoon. The annual plum rainfall can reach 350-550 mm, which accounts for 25-31% of annual rainfall. The most rainy day of the history in one year is 155 days. The annual rainfall is 2111.4mm at most, the minimum is 1025.4mm, the maximum monthly rainfall is 245.5mm, and the maximum daily rainfall is 147mm. The water level basically shows a dynamic law of annual change that the water level is low in 98-100 m in 1-3 months, gradually rises to 104m in 4-6 months, is high in 105-108 m in 7-9 months and gradually falls back to 100m in 10-12 months. The lowest water level is about 98m (namely, the slope toe) in the winter withered water period, the water level in the summer flood season can reach 108m, and the water level rise and fall is as high as 10m.
In this embodiment, 108m and 98m are respectively regarded as the highest water level line 10 and the lowest water level line 8 of the slope protection, and the following slope protection construction operations are completed before 5 months in 2020:
(1) Leveling slope: manually leveling the slope according to the design, removing sundries, and manually tamping and leveling;
(2) Pouring a slope toe: c30 permeable concrete pouring operation is carried out by supporting the wood plywood templates, and right trapezoid permeable concrete retaining walls 4 with vertical section dimensions of 800mm multiplied by 300mm multiplied by 600mm (height multiplied by upper bottom multiplied by lower bottom) are formed to consolidate the slope feet;
(3) Laying geotextile: the method comprises the steps of paving 350g (namely 350g model per square meter) of water filtering type polyester filament geotextile 1 on a slope, manually rolling and paving from bottom to top to keep certain tightness, arranging anti-skid nails on the top, the bottom and the slope, and forming an integral structure at the lap joint by a stitching mode along with paving and pressing;
(4) Sand and stone material selection: the key particle size of the soil sample is obtained through an indoor particle test of the on-site soil sample, wherein the on-site soil sample d 15 ＝1.96mm，d 85 =12.51 mm, combined with the taisha soil filtration criterion and drainage criterion D 15 ≤ 4×d 85 ＝4×12.51＝50.04mm，D 15 ≥4×d 15 The effective particle diameter D of the fine sand-stone reverse filter layer 3 was found to be =4×1.96=7.84 mm 15 The distribution range is preferably 7.84-50.04mm, and the fine sand and stone reverse filter layer 3 is used as the fine sand and stone reverse filter layer 2 in the design of protecting soil body, so that the effective grain diameter D of the fine sand and stone reverse filter layer 2 can be obtained 15 The distribution range is preferably 31.36-200.16mm, the mud content of the medium and fine sand stones is less than 3%, the part with the grain diameter less than 2mm is not more than 45% of the total weight, the sand and stone filter materials used in the test section all meet the requirements;
(5) And (3) paving a sand and stone reversed filter layer: the laying thickness of the fine sand stone back filter layer 3 and the middle fine sand stone back filter layer 2 between the retaining wall and the first stage L-shaped water baffle is 300mm, the laying thickness of the fine sand stone back filter layer 3 and the middle fine sand stone back filter layer 2 between each stage L-shaped water baffle is 200mm, and the laying sequence is that the middle fine sand stone back filter layer 2 is firstly arranged and then the fine sand stone back filter layer 3 is arranged, and as the non-uniform material is adopted in the back filter material, geotextile partition is not adopted between the middle fine sand stone back filter layer 2 and the fine sand stone back filter layer 3;
(6) L-shaped drainage plate is placed: the L-shaped drain board is made of ABS engineering plastics, and consists of a vertical panel and a horizontal panel, wherein the longitudinal length of the vertical panel, the transverse level and the vertical length of the horizontal panel of the single drain board are 600mm, and the board thickness is 20mm; the vertical panel is a water impermeable surface, the horizontal panel is a water permeable surface which is provided with a plurality of circular water permeable holes beneficial to seepage, the junction of the horizontal panel and the vertical panel is a smooth curved surface, and the structure of the vertical panel is provided with stiffening ribs. Placing a first-stage L-shaped drainage plate 6 on the horizontal fine sand counter filter layer 3, attaching a side slope to the side of the horizontal plate opposite to the junction of the horizontal plate and the vertical plate, and fixing the L-shaped drainage plate on the side slope through round holes of the horizontal plate by using wood piles or bamboo piles nails;
(7) Repeating the construction of the fine sand and stone reversed filter layer 3, the middle fine sand and stone reversed filter layer 2 and the L-shaped drain board 6 according to the steps (5) and (6) until reaching the highest water level line 10; a middle fine sand and stone reverse filtering layer (the grain size of the middle fine sand and stone is selected and referenced in step (5)) with the thickness of 200mm is paved on the slope surface above the highest water level line 10, and a vertical fine sand and stone reverse filtering layer (the grain size of the fine sand and stone is selected and referenced in step (5)) is paved at intervals of 2000mm to serve as a water intercepting ditch 11;
(8) Backfilling planting soil, making the planting surface into a smooth concave curved surface, sowing flood-resistant plant seeds into each layer of planting soil, and selecting vetiver grass, floral leaf reed rhizome, bermudagrass and baxi grass as flood-resistant plants in a test section, wherein the vetiver grass and the floral leaf reed rhizome adopt a transplanting mode, the bermudagrass and the baxi grass adopt a spraying mode, planting on a slope, then watering and maintaining, and periodically fertilizing and reseeding to finish slope construction.
Randomly selecting a measuring point at the 2-position of the slope surface of the test section and a measuring point at the 2-position of the bare slope surface as research objects, obtaining the initial soil particle size distribution condition by utilizing a particle test, and carrying out a long-time test to obtain soil samples at the 4-position measuring point again in 12 months in 2020 so as to carry out the particle test to obtain the ratio of the mass of soil particles with different particle sizes at each measuring point to the total weight of the soil samples, wherein the measuring point 1 and the measuring point 2 are the measuring point of the slope surface of the test section, the measuring point 3 and the measuring point 4 are the measuring point of the bare slope surface, and comparing the results with the following table 1.
Table 1 Table 2020, 5 and 2021, 7 slope three-point measurement point particle results table
By taking the grain diameter of 4.75mm as a boundary, it can be found that the change of water level fluctuation for a long time is that although a certain amount of fine particles are lost at the measuring point 1 and the measuring point 2 of the test section, the change amplitude of the soil particles smaller than 4.75mm is about 4% at the maximum, and the change amplitude of the soil particles larger than or equal to 4.75mm is about 4.26% at the maximum; the bare slope section measuring point 3 and the bare slope section measuring point 4 have obvious fine particle loss phenomenon, the maximum change amplitude of the soil particles smaller than 4.75mm is about 10.44%, and the maximum change amplitude of the soil particles larger than or equal to 4.75mm is about 13.97%. From the view of the accumulated loss ratio of the fine particles (only considering the particle size below 4.75 mm), the accumulated loss of the fine particles in the test section is 6-8%, and the bare slope section reaches 19%, so that the ecological treatment method of the hydro-fluctuation belt slope based on the reverse filter layer can slow down water and soil loss to a certain extent, and can play a role in ecological green restoration by matching with green flooding-resistant plants, thereby treating the hydro-fluctuation belt problem.
It is evident that the foregoing illustrative embodiments of the present invention have been described in some detail by way of illustration and not limitation, and that reasonable and effective modifications in form and detail may be made by those skilled in the art.
Claims (10)
1. A method for ecologically treating a hydro-fluctuation belt side slope based on a reverse filtering layer comprises the following steps:
step one: slope dividing
Dividing the slope into a highest water level position and a lowest water level position by taking the lowest water level as a lower limit and the highest water level as an upper limit according to water level data of the water level fluctuation in the water-rising period and the water-withering period;
step two: slope surface leveling
Removing sundries on the slope surface, and manually tamping and flattening;
step three: laying geotextile
The filter geotextile is paved and fixed on the slope surface to make the filter geotextile fully contact with the soil surface;
step four: pouring of permeable concrete retaining wall
In the low water level time of the dead water period, carrying out permeable concrete pouring on the toe of the slope to obtain a permeable concrete retaining wall;
step five: paving a bottom horizontal sand and stone reversed filter layer
Paving a horizontal sand and stone inverted filter layer between the permeable concrete retaining wall and the slope, and controlling the thickness of the horizontal sand and stone inverted filter layer to ensure that the surface height of the horizontal sand and stone inverted filter layer is lower than the height of the retaining wall so as to reserve a space for backfilling planting soil;
step six: place first level L shape drain bar
Placing a first-stage L-shaped drainage plate on the horizontal sand and stone reversed filter layer in the step five and fixing the first-stage L-shaped drainage plate on a side slope, wherein the L-shaped drainage plate is formed by a vertical panel and a horizontal panel, the vertical panel is a water impermeable surface, the horizontal panel is a water permeable hole surface distributed with water permeable holes, the horizontal panel of the L-shaped drainage plate is placed on the horizontal sand and stone reversed filter layer, the side, opposite to the juncture of the horizontal panel and the vertical panel, of the horizontal panel is tightly attached to the side slope, and the vertical panel and the retaining wall keep a certain horizontal interval to play a role in soil filtering and drainage;
step seven: laying horizontal sand and stone reverse filtering layer
Paving a horizontal sand and stone inverted filter layer between the first-stage L-shaped drainage plate and the slope surface, and controlling the thickness of the horizontal sand and stone inverted filter layer to ensure that the surface height of the horizontal sand and stone inverted filter layer is lower than the height of a vertical panel of the L-shaped drainage plate so as to reserve a space for backfilling planting soil;
step eight: placing second-stage L-shaped drain board
Placing a second-stage L-shaped drainage plate on the horizontal sand and stone reversed filter layer and fixing the second-stage L-shaped drainage plate on a side slope, wherein a horizontal plane plate of the L-shaped drainage plate is placed on the horizontal sand and stone reversed filter layer, the side of the horizontal plane plate opposite to the junction of the horizontal plane plate and the vertical plane plate is tightly attached to the side slope, and the vertical plane plate is kept at a certain horizontal interval with the vertical plane plate of the first-stage L-shaped drainage plate;
step nine:
repeating the operations of the steps seven and eight, placing a plurality of stages of L-shaped drain boards step by step upwards along the side slope, and paving a horizontal sand and stone reversed filter layer between each stage of L-shaped drain board and the side slope until the upper edge of the vertical panel of the last stage of L-shaped drain board is higher than the highest water level line;
step ten:
paving a middle fine sand stone reverse filtering layer on the slope surface above the highest water level line on the water filtering geotextile, and controlling the thickness of the middle fine sand stone reverse filtering layer to reserve a space for backfilling planting soil;
step eleven: backfill planting soil
After all L-shaped drainage plates are placed and the slope surface structure of the part above the highest water level is completed, backfilling planting soil between the retaining wall and the first-stage L-shaped plates, between each two stages of L-shaped plates and on the slope surface structure of the part above the highest water level; the two stages of L-shaped plates are arranged on a horizontal fine sand and stone reversed filter layer between the vertical panel of the upper stage of L-shaped water draining plate and the vertical panel of the lower stage of L-shaped water draining plate;
step twelve:
and sowing flood-resistant plant seeds in each layer of planting soil, and curing until vegetation grows to root and has certain soil fixing capacity, thus finishing ecological green slope protection construction of the hydro-fluctuation belt.
2. A method for ecologically treating a hydro-fluctuation belt slope based on a reverse filtering layer as recited in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the slope angle of the side slope of the hydro-fluctuation belt is 30-45 degrees.
3. A method for ecologically treating a hydro-fluctuation belt slope based on a reverse filtering layer as recited in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the geotextile adopts a drainage geotextile, the lap joint part of the geotextile forms an integral structure in a welding mode or a sewing mode, the thickness of the geotextile is between 1.5 and 5mm, and the equivalent diameter is smaller than 0.075mm; the geotextile is fixed on the slope in the following manner: the top and bottom ends of the geotextile are fixed on the slope surface by anti-skidding nails.
4. A method for ecologically treating a hydro-fluctuation belt slope based on a reverse filtering layer as recited in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the cross section of the permeable concrete retaining wall is in a right trapezoid shape, and the height of the permeable concrete retaining wall is 600-800mm so as to consolidate the toe; the self strength of the pervious concrete needs to meet the strength requirement of common C20-C25 concrete, and the pervious concrete has 15-25% of porosity.
5. A method for ecologically treating a hydro-fluctuation belt slope based on a reverse filtering layer as recited in claim 4, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the pervious concrete adopts ecological cement.
6. A method for ecologically treating a hydro-fluctuation belt slope based on a reverse filtering layer as recited in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the horizontal sand and stone reverse filtering layer consists of a horizontal medium fine sand and stone reverse filtering layer and is arranged below the horizontal fine sand and stone reverse filtering layer;
the grading of the fine sand stone meets the criterion of the Taisha foundation soil filtering according to the grading condition of the soil to be protected, namely the slope soil, namely according to D 15 /d 85 4 is less than or equal to D 15 /d 15 Determining the particle diameter D of fine sand and stone 15 Range, where D 15 The grain size of the fine sand back filtering layer is defined as that the soil weight of the fine sand back filtering layer is less than 15% of the total soil weight; d, d 85 The particle size of the soil to be protected, namely the side slope soil, is defined as that the soil weight less than the particle size in the side slope soil accounts for 85% of the total soil weight; d, d 15 The particle size of the soil to be protected, namely the side slope soil, is defined as that the soil weight less than the particle size in the side slope soil accounts for 15% of the total soil weight;
the grading of the medium and fine sand shall meet the criterion of the Taisha-based soil filtration according to the grading condition of the protected soil body, namely the fine sand reverse filtration layer, namely according to D 15 /d 85 4 is less than or equal to D 15 /d 15 Determining the particle diameter D of the medium-fine sand 15 Range, where D 15 The grain size of the medium fine sand back filtering layer is defined as that the soil weight of the medium fine sand back filtering layer is less than 15% of the total soil weight; d, d 85 The particle size of the protected soil, namely the fine sand and stone reversed filter layer, is defined as that the soil weight less than the particle size in the fine sand and stone reversed filter layer accounts for 85% of the total soil weight; d, d 15 The particle size of the protected soil, namely the fine sand and stone reversed filter layer, is defined as that the soil weight smaller than the particle size in the fine sand and stone reversed filter layer accounts for 15% of the total soil weight;
the mud content of the medium and fine sand is less than 3%, wherein the part with the particle size less than 2mm is not more than 45% of the total weight, and the medium and fine sand is free of impurities.
7. A method for ecologically treating a hydro-fluctuation belt slope based on a reverse filtering layer as recited in claim 6, wherein the method comprises the following steps: at the toe, the thicknesses of the horizontal middle fine sand and stone reversed filter layer and the horizontal fine sand and stone reversed filter layer are respectively 300-400 mm; in each stage of L-shaped drainage plate, the thicknesses of the horizontal medium fine sand stone reverse filtering layer and the horizontal fine sand stone reverse filtering layer are respectively 200-300mm.
8. A method for ecologically treating a hydro-fluctuation belt slope based on a reverse filtering layer as recited in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the L-shaped drain board is made of ABS engineering plastic; the longitudinal length of the vertical panel of the L-shaped drain board, the transverse length and the vertical length of the horizontal panel are 600-700mm, and the board thickness is 20-30mm; the juncture of the horizontal plane plate and the vertical panel is a smooth curved surface, and the structure of the juncture is provided with stiffening ribs.
9. A method for ecologically treating a hydro-fluctuation belt slope based on a reverse filtering layer as recited in claim 1 or 8, wherein: the L-shaped drainage plate is fixed on the side slope through the water permeable holes of the horizontal plate by using wood piles or bamboo piles.
10. A method for ecologically treating a hydro-fluctuation belt slope based on a reverse filtering layer as recited in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: on the slope surface above the highest water level, a vertical fine sand and stone reverse filtering layer is paved at certain intervals to serve as a water intercepting ditch.
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