CN114182038B - 一种菠菜y染色体特异的核苷酸探针及其应用 - Google Patents
一种菠菜y染色体特异的核苷酸探针及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种菠菜Y染色体特异的核苷酸探针及其应用,所述核苷酸探针的核苷酸序列如SEQ ID NO:1和SEQ ID NO:2所示,该核苷酸探针的5’末端用fluorescein或Alexa Fluor‑488或Texas Red荧光基团进行标记。本发明提供的SpY‑YY_141330探针可在菠菜减数分裂相和有丝分裂相Y染色体上产生强而清晰的信号,属于一种菠菜Y染色体特异的核苷酸探针。使用这个探针进行荧光原位杂交(FISH),可以高效、稳定的鉴定菠菜减数分裂、有丝分裂相Y染色体。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于染色体工程技术领域,具体涉及一种菠菜Y染色体特异的核苷酸探针及其应用。
背景技术
菠菜(Spinacia oleracea L.,2n=2×=12)是一种富含维生素和矿物质元素的高营养叶菜,在50多个国家栽培,并且种植面积在逐年增加,2019年全球产量为3010万吨(FAOSTAT;http://faostat.fao.org)。菠菜通常为雌雄异株植物,F1杂交种主要被用来菠菜生产,而杂交种生产母本一般为雌性系,父本为自交系,因此,阐明菠菜性别决定的分子机制是菠菜育种计划的一个重要课题。通常认为菠菜性别决定机制是XY型性别决定机制,性别是由一个具有三个复等位基因(X,Xm,Y)的位点决定,基因型XX表现为雌性植株,基因型为XmX、XmXm表现为雌雄同株,而XY、XmY基因型表现为雄性植株(Iizuka and Janick,1962),性决定基因存在于最长的一对染色体上,为同型性染色体(Deng et al.,2012;Denget al.,2013)。后来证明控制两性的基因M与Y位于Y染色体不同的位点,属于非等位基因(Yamamoto et al.,2014)。2019年,Okazaki等又认为菠菜的雌雄异株是由单因子而不是双因子系统调控的(Okazaki et al.,2019)。因此,目前菠菜性别决定分子机制是有争议的,而克隆到菠菜性别决定基因是解决该问题的关键所在,但是至今未见相关报道。
单染色体测序技术作为单倍型分析的主要技术手段,有助于特定染色体物理图谱的构建及性染色体基因组序列组装,为性染色体性别决定区(SDR)的鉴定及性别决定基因克隆提供了快捷、高效的方法,其弥合了细胞遗传学和基因组学之间的鸿沟(Iannucci etal.,2021),其在植物中有不少应用的例子。例如,利用流式分选法,183条小麦3B染色体被成功分离,用Illumina HiSeq 2000系统进行10×基因组测序,结果表明扩增产物覆盖了3B参考基因组的60%、基因的30%(Cápal et al.,2015)。栽培草莓是同源八倍体,其基因组组装遇到了非常大的困难,不清楚从头组装的序列来源于哪条染色体,为了解决这一难题,310条日本八倍体草莓“Reiko”单染色体被成功单独分离出来,其中288条微分离染色体DNA被成功扩增、测序,结果表明144个样品DNA序列成功的比对到Fragaria×ananasa八倍体基因组和Fragaria vesca二倍体基因组中,并且144个样品DNA序列在Fragaria vesca二倍体基因组中被归类为7个拟分子,因此,微分离单染色体的测序有助于同源多倍体植物的全基因组测序(Yanagi et al.,2017)。Blavet等(2021)利用染色体流式分选法分离了玉米B73自交系的B染色体并利用Illumina、Bionano、Hi-C对其进行测序,经组装后的累积长度为125.9Mb,大约占了大小的89%(流式细胞仪预测B染色体大小为141Mb)(Blavet et al.,2021)。因此,单染色体测序有助于特定染色体的基因组组装。但是,由于菠菜性决定基因存在于最长的一对染色体上,为同型性染色体,并且目前未有Y染色体特异的荧光探针报道,我们无法直观的从根尖中期染色体分裂相鉴别X/Y染色体,从而不能利用单染色体荧光显微分离技术(Ding et al.,2021)有效的分离X/Y染色体。因此,亟待开发能够快速准确识别菠菜Y染色体的鉴定核苷酸探针。
发明内容
本发明解决的技术问题是提供了一种菠菜Y染色体特异的核苷酸探针及其应用,使用该核苷酸探针进行荧光原位杂交,能够用于高效、稳定的鉴定菠菜减数分裂、有丝分裂相Y染色体。
本发明为解决上述技术问题采用如下技术方案,一种菠菜Y染色体特异的核苷酸探针,其特征在于:所述核苷酸探针的核苷酸序列如SEQ ID NO:1和SEQ ID NO:2所示。
进一步限定,所述核苷酸探针为荧光标记物标记的核苷酸探针,该核苷酸探针的末端标记荧光标记物。
进一步限定,所述核苷酸探针的5’末端用fluorescein或AlexaFluor-488荧光基团或者Texas Red标记。
本发明所述的菠菜Y染色体特异的核苷酸探针的制备方法,其特征在于具体步骤为:
步骤S1:根据菠菜雌性基因组(XX)和雄性基因组(YY)(https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.23.393710v1.full)以spinach_repeat_v1.fa(http://spinachbase.org/ftp/genome/Sp75/)构建重复序列数据库,利用RepeatMasker软件对雄性特异区域(MSY)YY_141330基因进行重复序列屏蔽,并从剩余的单拷贝序列中筛选出两段序列YY_141330_1和YY_141330_2,使用Oligo7对上述两段单拷贝序列设计引物,扩增出长度分别为1316bp、1726bp的核苷酸探针;
步骤S2:利用切口平移方法分别将两个核苷酸探针构建成荧光核苷酸探针,其5’末端用fluorescein或Alexa Fluor-488或者Texas Red荧光基团进行标记;
步骤S3:荧光核苷酸探针构建好后,逐步进行FISH实验验证探针的功能,等比例混合两个荧光核苷酸探针,对菠菜花药减数分裂分裂相、根尖有丝分裂分裂相进行杂交,以验证这种荧光核苷酸探针对菠菜Y染色体的特异性,确定正确的荧光核苷酸探针,该荧光核苷酸探针的核苷酸序列如SEQ ID NO:1和SEQ ID NO:2所示。
本发明所述的菠菜Y染色体特异的核苷酸探针在检测菠菜Y染色体中的应用。
本发明所述的菠菜Y染色体特异的核苷酸探针在检测菠菜野生种S.turkestanicaY染色体中的应用。
本发明所述的菠菜Y染色体特异的核苷酸探针在检测菠菜Y染色体中的应用,其特征在于具体过程为:首先进行菠菜花药减数分裂、根尖有丝分裂染色体制片,核苷酸探针构建,荧光原位杂交,荧光显微镜观察,如果菠菜根尖有丝分裂分裂相中包含Y染色体,则在Y染色体长臂靠近着丝粒位置产生强而清晰的杂交信号;如果菠菜根尖有丝分裂分裂相中不包含Y染色体,则不会产生任何杂交信号。
本发明与现有技术相比具有以下有益效果:
1、本发明提供了一种菠菜Y染色体特异的核苷酸探针,所述的核苷酸探针为SpY-YY_141330,其核苷酸序列是由YY_141330_1(1316bp)和YY_141330_2(1726bp)两个片段构成的,对该核苷酸引物序列进行荧光标记可用于构建荧光核苷酸探针。
2、本发明提供的SpY-YY_141330核苷酸探针在S.turkestanica减数分裂相、有丝分裂相Y染色体上产生强而清晰的信号,属于一种菠菜Y染色体特异的核苷酸探针。使用这个核苷酸探针进行荧光原位杂交(FISH),可以高效、稳定的鉴定菠菜减数分裂、有丝分裂相Y染色体。
附图说明
图1是YY_141330_1、YY_141330_2在菠菜雄雌基因组中扩增电泳图,Maker:2K DNAMarker,箭头分别所示YY_141330_1、YY_141330_2扩增片段大小,泳道1、2:YY_141330_1在雄、雌基因组PCR扩增产物,泳道3、4:YY_141330_2在雄、雌基因组PCR扩增产物。
图2是SpY-YY_141330核苷酸探针在S.turkestanica减数分裂粗线期、终变期及减I中期的FISH定位,注:蓝色是DAPI染色的染色体,绿色信号显示45S rDNA的染色体定位,探针DNA用Texas red标记(红色信号),标尺为10μm,a-d:核苷酸探针在减数分裂粗线期的FISH信号,箭头所示SpY-YY_141330探针荧光信号在染色体上的位置,e-h:核苷酸探针在减数分裂终变期的FISH信号,箭头所示SpY-YY_141330探针荧光信号在染色体上的位置,i-l:核苷酸探针在减数分裂中期I的FISH信号,箭头所示SpY-YY_141330核苷酸探针荧光信号在染色体上的位置。
图3是SpY-YY_141330核苷酸探针在有丝分裂中期的FISH定位,注:蓝色是DAPI染色的染色体,绿色信号显示45S rDNA的染色体定位,探针DNA用Texas red标记(红色信号),标尺表示10μm,a-d:核苷酸探针在有丝分裂中期的FISH信号,箭头所示SpY-YY_141330核苷酸探针荧光信号在染色体上的位置。
具体实施方式
以下通过实施例对本发明的上述内容做进一步详细说明,但不应该将此理解为本发明上述主题的范围仅限于以下的实施例,凡基于本发明上述内容实现的技术均属于本发明的范围。
实施例1
S.turkestanica减数分裂相、有丝分裂相荧光原位杂交验证实验
(1)SpY-YY_141330核苷酸探针制备
①YY_141330_1、YY_141330_2片段扩增
a.使用Oligo7对两段单拷贝序列的两端设计引物,得到YY_141330_1、YY_141330_2两个特异的序列,长度分别为1316bp、1726bp。
YY_141330_1引物序列
上游引物:F-ATTCATTCTCCCTCCTTCTCACTAG
下游引物:R-TGGCTAATAACACTCACTTGCAGGT
YY_141330_2引物序列
上游引物:F-GCCTGGTAACTTATATTCCCCT
下游引物:R-AGCTATAGGTTGAGGATCAGGT
b.以菠菜雄性和雌性基因组DNA为模板进行PCR扩增,PCR扩增反应20μL体系为:2×HiPer plus Taq HiFi PCR mix(10μL),10μM/μL上游引物(1μL),10μM/μL下游引物(1μL),100-200ng模板DNA(1μL),无菌水(7μL)。
c.PCR扩增反应程序为:95℃预变性3min后;94℃变性25s,55℃退火30s,72℃延伸40s,共35个循环;最后72℃延伸10min。
②探针序列的标记
a.将PCR扩增得到的特异条带进行切胶回收纯化,获得DNA产物浓度需要在200ng/μL以上,A260/A230比值范围在2.0-2.2,A260/A280比值范围在1.8-2.0之间。
b.将下列组分在冰上加入离心管中
Note:Labeled-dNTP一般为fluorescein或Alexa Fluor-488-dUTP(绿光)或者Texas Red-dCTP(红光)。
c.在PCR仪上15℃放置2h。
d.加入5×TAEpH5.2+140ng/μL autoclaved鲑精DNA 175μL,涡旋,将溶液转移到1.5mL离心管,置于冰上。
e.加入体积百分比90%乙醇-10%乙酸钠(3M,pH5.2)0.5mL,涡旋混匀,将管放入-20℃2h-overnight沉淀DNA。
f.15000转离心20-30min,去上清,无水乙醇洗沉淀,将乙醇尽可能地去除干净。
g.避光,30min风干探针DNA。
h.将沉淀溶于20μL 2×SSC,1×TE buffer(pH7.0),核苷酸探针浓度约为100ng/μL。
i.避光-20℃保存备用。
(2)S.turkestanica根尖有丝分裂中期染色体制片
a.用镊子在1.5mL离心管的盖子上扎一个孔,打开盖子,用喷雾瓶向离心管中喷水至管壁有一层水珠,切取1-2cm的根尖放入管中,盖上盖子后放入N2O气室中处理2h,压强为10ATM(1.01Mpa)。
b.用90%乙酸冰上固定根尖10min。
c.用水洗根尖10min(换2-3次H2O),放于冰上。
d.转移根尖至干滤纸上,轻轻转动根尖去除根尖表面的粘稠物。
e.切下2mm长的生长点部分转入20μL冰冷的酶液(pectolyase Y23:cellulaseOnozuka R10=1:2,v/v)中,放入37℃的水浴中2h。
f.取出离心管放冰上,用体积分数70%乙醇fill tube,小心倒去乙醇,再用体积分数70%乙醇fill tube,倒出乙醇,留40μL乙醇,用解剖针捣碎根尖,涡旋几秒钟或用手指弹击管壁几次悬浮细胞,在小离心机上离心10-20s,转速不超过2000rcf,小心倒置PCR管于滤纸或吸水纸至乙醇完全流尽。
g.放离心管于冰上,加30μL无水乙酸,涡旋或用枪头轻轻吹吸混匀,吸5-8μL滴片,片子已摆放在保湿盒中,滴片后盖住保湿盒,放置5min后即可看片。
(3)S.turkestanica花药减数分裂染色体制片
待雄花直径长到0.3-0.4mm时将其取下,放入体积比为3:1的乙醇和冰乙酸的固定液中固定24h,再用体积分数为70%乙醇洗涤2次,于体积分数为70%乙醇中4℃冰箱保存备用。在冰上将花药剥离,之后放入酶液中37℃酶解4h,之后方法与有丝分裂中期染色体制片一样。
(4)荧光原位杂交
a.将待杂交片子放入紫外交联仪中0.125J交联4min。
b.用2×SSC,1×TE buffer稀释探针,不同的探针稀释比例不同,一般1:5-1:10稀释。
c.将片子放在冰上,加5μL杂交液(1μL 45S rDNA、1μL探针DNA、3μL(2×SSC+1×TE)),盖上塑料盖玻片,放入小铁盆中(铁盆中垫有吸水纸,用水喷湿),用塑料盒子盖上,放入沸水中5min,然后放入已预热的湿盒中55℃杂交过夜。
(5)洗片、镜检
将片子从湿盒中取出,放入2×SSC中使盖玻片滑落,55℃洗20min,用吸水纸把片子背面擦干,滴上一滴含DAPI的抗淬灭剂(VECTASHIELD MOUNTING MEDIUM FORFLUORESCENCE WITH DAPI H-1200),盖上24×50的盖玻片,数分钟后即可镜检。
以上显示和描述了本发明的基本原理,主要特征和优点,在不脱离本发明精神和范围的前提下,本发明还有各种变化和改进,这些变化和改进都要求落入本发明的保护范围之内。
序列表
<110> 河南师范大学
<120> 一种菠菜Y染色体特异的核苷酸探针及其应用
<130> 2021
<160> 6
<170> SIPOSequenceListing 1.0
<210> 1
<211> 1316
<212> DNA
<213> 人工序列(artificial sequence)
<400> 1
attcattctc cctccttctc actagtgtct ttgaccacaa gctcaggaat ctagaacgaa 60
aagaggttct tttaagagga aaggaagggg gggaggtgag attaggaatt ggcttaattt 120
atccaatttt cttgtatatt taggcaattt tctattgtca tatcatcgtt atggtaatta 180
aaaattgtta atttttgcaa ggaaaaacaa caagtagagt tgaagagcag agaacgtcaa 240
ctggtccata acagattaac atcaatgact tacattgttg ttgtcatcta tatatgactc 300
cacaactcat tcaacatcct attcttagcg tacttgtcct tttctttgga agatgagaga 360
aggtgagtta gaaatgccat tgcatccgtg tatgagatca aattgaatct gttagtttat 420
atatatatat agttagctac attggtttgg ggtttataac aaacaaagtc cttttgccct 480
cttttccctt tggaagaaaa acaaaattag tactttacaa ctttcttttt aaagtgggtt 540
tgtttgacat agtgttgttc atgtgaaatc gttctagtaa atgctccaga atatgtttct 600
tgcatgttga atttgcatta ctagattttc agcccattaa ttggtagctt gtagctatgt 660
ctgctaatct tctctttgat gtctttttgg caaaaaggat ctgttggttt agtttgtgtt 720
gctgttgttc ctagggacca gttagaaata agtgtccttc taatttttgg ggtctagctg 780
tttgttggac gaaatagtaa caatctcctt gtcctttcta cgttgcagtt tggctttatg 840
ttcattgctt tgatttggaa attcgacttc tcaccatttg tggttcaaat catagcgatt 900
cttaacgatg gtaagaacag cacagcagca taactattta cacaccatca aatcaattca 960
gcaaaatgtg aatgattcat tattatatca gtagaatctc attgatttct cattttttgg 1020
tatatttgtc taggaacaat tacgacaatt tcaaaggaca gagtagtgcc atccccacta 1080
aactaccaga tagctggaag ttgaaagaga tattcgccac tggtgttgtt ttgggaggct 1140
accaagcact aatgacagta ttattcttct ggctcatgtc agacactacc ttcttcgtgg 1200
taaaaaacat caatcaccct tcaatttact ttaagtaaga aacattttca tgtaagtcca 1260
ctgactcacg gacagatgat gtcagccttg tacctgcaag tgagtgttat tagcca 1316
<210> 2
<211> 1726
<212> DNA
<213> 人工序列(artificial sequence)
<400> 2
gcctggtaac ttatattccc cttgatgttc tgaaatttat cattagctat acactgagtg 60
gaagggcttg ggacaatctt ctggaaaaca aggtaaatat tattgttgct gaagtagaga 120
aacagttata gtcagtctct tttgcagttc tgctggtttt gttttgcaac tgatttaact 180
ggtttgttct ttgtcttcct taattagcct gcttttacca caaagaagga ctacggaata 240
taagagagag aagcgcagtg ggcgactgct caacgaacca tgcatggtct ccaacctgcg 300
gaaaccacca ctttattcaa tgagaagaac agttataggg aactctctga aattgctgag 360
caagccaaaa ggagggctga agttgcaagg caagagatat acgaagtatc tagttattct 420
atgtcatcat caaatttctt tatttccttt tccagaggtc agattttcgg tttattgtag 480
acgaatttgt gttgatctgt taatcattga tatggttttt ttattgttca attgcagcaa 540
ttgaatttac ttcactatga tattgtgact ttatgttcgt gtctgacaaa ttaaaccagg 600
tagatctact ctgcctaatt tttctttttc tttcttttct attcactgat atcaattcca 660
actttcttat ttatgttttg gggttaatga aaattgtaga attgtgcaat tggagcatga 720
tttctataaa attgacggta atgttagtca atatcttttt tttgggatgg gcactgaaat 780
cattcgtttt gttgtttgtg attttccttt ttttctctca ttttagtctc tgatcattcc 840
attagaatta gttttctttt tgttaacaag aactgggttt gcacttggat gacaacatct 900
ttcatgaagt aaaaacgttg tttaatttga tgctggtatt attggtttgg actttggagg 960
gatatgaaaa aaactatggt tgggaatctt gggataaaca ggtcaataga caaacattgt 1020
tttgctgctt atgcttattt atccttaata gtcccttaaa tatagctaaa attgttctgc 1080
tgtattatct gcttatttga tactggatta acatgttgtt tacttctgga tttgaaagag 1140
acaagaccag ttacataata ggtagaaatc aaagtttgta ggcaagagga aaatccaatt 1200
tgacttttta ttgttcgctc aatcctgcaa ttattcggag tcaaatattt ttcctttact 1260
ttttttgatt tgtgttagaa gagtattagt tcacagtgct gggatagaat tgtagttttt 1320
gcctgcttct ggagctaacc cacttttcca atactctatc cacaacccat gagaatacta 1380
cttaagttgt catcttagtt gttttcccct atctagcttt ctttatgtca tcactctagc 1440
ctaaactctg tttgttttta caattttatt tcaacagaat gatttgggac gttctaatcc 1500
tccctcaagg catgcctctc gtcctgccag ccgcaatgct tttgatgaca atgttgatac 1560
agtaggatca gctgaagctg agctggctct tttgcgtcgt gaaggttcga atgttcaggg 1620
atcttctgtt tcccagagtc ttgcttcacc tgcttcatat tcctatgttg ctgcatttgg 1680
cactcccttg tctagaagca ctacacctga tcctcaacct atagct 1726
<210> 3
<211> 25
<212> DNA
<213> 人工序列(artificial sequence)
<400> 3
attcattctc cctccttctc actag 25
<210> 4
<211> 25
<212> DNA
<213> 人工序列(artificial sequence)
<400> 4
tggctaataa cactcacttg caggt 25
<210> 5
<211> 22
<212> DNA
<213> 人工序列(artificial sequence)
<400> 5
gcctggtaac ttatattccc ct 22
<210> 6
<211> 22
<212> DNA
<213> 人工序列(artificial sequence)
<400> 6
agctataggt tgaggatcag gt 22
Claims (5)
1.一种菠菜Y染色体特异的核苷酸探针,其特征在于:所述核苷酸探针的核苷酸序列如SEQ ID NO:1和SEQ ID NO:2所示。
2.根据权利要求1所述的菠菜Y染色体特异的核苷酸探针,其特征在于:所述核苷酸探针为荧光标记物标记的核苷酸探针,该核苷酸探针的末端标记荧光标记物。
3. 根据权利要求1所述的菠菜Y染色体特异的核苷酸探针,其特征在于:所述核苷酸探针的5’末端用fluorescein或Alexa Fluor-488荧光基团或者Texas Red标记。
4.权利要求1-3中任意一项所述的菠菜Y染色体特异的核苷酸探针在检测菠菜Y染色体中的应用。
5. 权利要求1-3中任意一项所述的菠菜Y染色体特异的核苷酸探针在检测菠菜野生种S. turkestanica Y染色体中的应用。
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