CN114175963B - Grape middle-section-remaining spike trimming method - Google Patents
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- CN114175963B CN114175963B CN202111539935.3A CN202111539935A CN114175963B CN 114175963 B CN114175963 B CN 114175963B CN 202111539935 A CN202111539935 A CN 202111539935A CN 114175963 B CN114175963 B CN 114175963B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/02—Cultivation of hops or vines
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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Abstract
The invention provides a grape middle-section-remaining spike trimming method, which comprises the following steps of: 1) Pruning the branch stems from top to bottom along the main stems of the grape flowers in the cutting season to form an upper pruning area; 2) Pruning until the branch with 8-14 flower buds is set as a reserved branch, wherein the reserved branch has 1-4 adjacent branches at the same height, and the reserved branch and the adjacent branches are reserved to form a branch group; 3) Continuously trimming the branches downwards, repeating the step 2), and continuously reserving 2-4 branch groups to form a middle ear-reserving area; 4) And reserving 1 branch below the middle ear-reserving region to be set as an independent branch, and pruning all branches below the independent branch to form a lower pruning region. The grape middle-section ear trimming method provided by the invention is simple, convenient and feasible, can reduce the total labor amount of the grape, reduce the production cost of the grape and improve the quality and benefit of the grape.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of fruit tree planting management, and relates to a grape middle-section-remaining spike trimming method.
Background
Currently, with the progress of aging, people are in shortage, and the development of the grape industry is restricted. The existing common spike trimming method for grape comprises the steps of spike cutting, auxiliary spike cutting, no trimming and the like. Although the method plays a certain role in the process of improving the yield, the quality and the income of the grape, the core problems of the maximum labor consumption and the most concentrated labor time of grape pruning, which restrict the grape industry to greatly improve quality and improve efficiency, can not be overcome and solved all the time, and the pruning link becomes a decisive factor for influencing the quality and the income of the grape in the later stage. Therefore, further research and improvement of the existing ear trimming method are needed.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above-mentioned shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention aims to provide a grape middle-stage ear trimming method, which reduces or eliminates grape trimming links, and is used for solving the urgent and realistic problems of large labor amount, concentrated labor amount and difficult labor amount in the existing grape industry, and achieving the purposes of saving labor, reducing grape production cost and improving grape quality and benefit.
To achieve the above and other related objects, a first aspect of the present invention provides a method for trimming a middle-stage grape spike, comprising the steps of:
1) Pruning the branch stems from top to bottom along the main stems of the grape flowers in the cutting season to form an upper pruning area;
2) Pruning until the branch with 8-14 flower buds is set as a reserved branch, wherein the reserved branch has 1-4 adjacent branches at the same height, and the reserved branch and the adjacent branches are reserved to form a branch group;
3) Continuously trimming the branches downwards, repeating the step 2), and continuously reserving 2-4 branch groups to form a middle ear-reserving area;
4) And reserving 1 branch below the middle ear-reserving region to be set as an independent branch, and pruning all branches below the independent branch to form a lower pruning region.
Preferably, in the step 1), the spike trimming season is when the flower buds on the grape spikes are fully opened to 3-4cm above the lowest flower spike, and the flower buds on the grape spikes are not yet flowering.
The 3-4cm above the lowest flower spike refers to a region with a vertical distance of 3-4cm above the lowest flower spike.
More preferably, the spike trimming season is when the flower buds on the grape spikes are fully opened to 3cm above the lowest spike and the flower buds on the grape spikes are not yet flowering. This is the best timing for trimming ears.
Preferably, in the step 1), the pruning is performed by holding the spikes with a left hand and holding scissors with a right hand, and tightly attaching the main stems.
Preferably, in the step 2), the number of buds reserved by the reserved stems is 10-12.
Preferably, in the step 2), the remaining stems have 1-3 adjacent stems at the same height.
Preferably, in the step 2), the interval distance between the adjacent stems is 1-5mm. The interval distance between the adjacent branches refers to the horizontal interval distance between the adjacent branches.
Preferably, in the step 2), the number of the reserved flower buds of the adjacent peduncles is 10-12.
Preferably, in step 3), the reserved number of the stem groups is 3-4.
Preferably, in the step 4), the number of the flower buds reserved by the single peduncles is 10-12.
The second aspect of the invention provides a grape spike structure, which is provided with an upper trimming area, a middle spike-retaining area and a lower trimming area from top to bottom, and is obtained by trimming spikes by the method.
Preferably, the upper trimming area is a grape spike area between the top of the grape spike and the uppermost stem group; the middle ear-remaining area is a grape ear-flower area provided with a plurality of branch groups from top to bottom; the lower pruning area is a grape spike area below an individual peduncles.
As described above, the grape middle-section-remaining spike trimming method provided by the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) The grape middle-section ear trimming method provided by the invention is simple, convenient and feasible, reduces or eliminates grape trimming links, can solve the urgent and practical problems of large labor amount, concentrated labor amount and difficult labor amount in the grape industry, and can reduce the total labor amount of the grape by 25-30%, thereby saving labor and reducing the production cost of the grape.
(2) The grape middle-section trimming method provided by the invention has the advantages that the effect is direct, the original arrangement mode of multiple layers of inner and outer, uneven in size and disordered in arrangement of the fruits is changed into the annular single-layer fruit arrangement surrounding the main spike shaft, which is compact in arrangement, consistent in size and attractive in appearance, by trimming the grape labor-saving, and the quality and benefit of the grape are improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the overall structure of a main stem of a grape spike according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 shows a schematic structure of the middle ear-reserving section of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view showing the structure of the stem group according to the present invention.
Reference numerals
1. Upper trimming area
2. Middle ear-retaining region
3. Lower trimming area
4. Retaining branch
5. Flower bud
6. Stem group
7. Independent branch
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated below in connection with specific examples, which are to be understood as being illustrative of the invention and not limiting the scope of the invention.
Other advantages and effects of the present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the following disclosure, which describes the embodiments of the present invention with reference to specific examples. The invention may be practiced or carried out in other embodiments that depart from the specific details, and the details of the present description may be modified or varied from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
The invention provides a grape spike structure, which is shown in fig. 1-3, wherein an upper trimming area, a middle spike-retaining area and a lower trimming area are arranged from top to bottom, the upper trimming area is a grape spike area between the top of a grape spike and the uppermost branch group, the middle spike-retaining area is a grape spike area provided with a plurality of branch groups from top to bottom, and the lower trimming area is a grape spike area under an independent branch.
Example 1
The grape mid-section trimming method is implemented in a vineyard in Qingdao district of Shanghai city.
When the flower buds on the grape flower ears are fully opened to 3cm above the flower ears at the lowest end, and the flower buds on the flower ears are not yet flowering, pruning the branch stems from top to bottom from the top of the main stems of the grape flower ears. When in trimming, the flower ears are held in a flat manner by the left hand, the scissors are held by the right hand, and the main stems are tightly clung to the scissors for trimming, so that the branch stems are trimmed. When 11 flower buds are arranged on the trimmed stems, the stems are reserved, and the upper area is an upper trimming area. And reserving reserved branches, and reserving 2 adjacent branches at the same height to form a branch group. And then continuously trimming the branches downwards, repeating the process of forming the branch groups, and continuously reserving 3 branch groups so as to form a middle ear-reserving area. And then, independently reserving 1 branch under the middle ear-reserving area, setting the branch as an independent branch, and pruning all branches below the independent branch, wherein the number of flower buds reserved by the independent branch is 11, so as to form a lower pruning area.
After the trimming is completed, grape flower spike 1# is obtained. The grape cluster 1# is provided with an upper trimming area, a middle cluster-leaving area and a lower trimming area from top to bottom, wherein the upper trimming area is a grape cluster area from the top of the grape cluster to the uppermost branch group; the middle ear-remaining area is a grape ear-flower area provided with 3 branch groups from top to bottom; the lower pruning area is a grape spike area below an individual peduncles.
The weight of a cluster of grapes harvested on grape spike 1# was 600-700 grams according to the pruning method described above.
Example 2
The grape mid-section trimming method is implemented in a vineyard in Qingdao district of Shanghai city.
When the flower buds on the grape flower ears are fully opened to be 4cm above the flower ears at the lowest end, and the flower buds on the flower ears are not yet flowering, pruning the branch stems from top to bottom from the top of the main stems of the grape flower ears. When in trimming, the flower ears are held in a flat manner by the left hand, the scissors are held by the right hand, and the main stems are tightly clung to the scissors for trimming, so that the branch stems are trimmed. When 12 buds are arranged on the trimmed stems, the stems are reserved, and the upper area is an upper trimming area. And reserving reserved branches, and reserving 3 adjacent branches at the same height to form a branch group. And then continuously trimming the branches downwards, repeating the process of forming the branch groups, and continuously reserving 4 branch groups so as to form a middle ear-reserving area. And then, independently reserving 1 branch under the middle ear-reserving area, setting the branch as an independent branch, and pruning all branches below the independent branch, wherein the number of flower buds reserved by the independent branch is 12, so as to form a lower pruning area.
After the trimming is completed, grape flower spike No. 2 is obtained. The grape cluster 2# is provided with an upper trimming area, a middle cluster-leaving area and a lower trimming area from top to bottom, wherein the upper trimming area is a grape cluster area from the top of a grape cluster to the uppermost branch group; the middle ear-remaining area is a grape ear-flower area provided with 4 branch groups from top to bottom; the lower pruning area is a grape spike area below an individual peduncles.
The weight of a cluster of grapes harvested on grape cluster 2# was 600-700 grams according to the pruning method described above.
Comparative example 1
According to the conventional method without trimming, the grape spike is not trimmed in the whole grape growing period. Grape ears 1 were obtained.
According to the conventional spike trimming method with spike tip, only main spikes and branches in the region of 3-5cm below the lowest end of grape spikes are reserved during trimming. Grape spikelets 2 were obtained.
According to the conventional ear trimming method for reserving auxiliary ears, only left and right groups of ear branches at the uppermost part of the whole grape ear are reserved during trimming, and the rest of ear branches are trimmed. Grape spikelets 3 were obtained.
Test comparative example 1
The middle-section grape spike trimming method in example 1 was compared with the non-spike trimming method, spike tip trimming method and auxiliary spike trimming method in comparative example 1, and the amount of spike trimming and the amount of grain trimming were compared, and specific data are shown in table 1.
As can be seen from Table 1, every 667m 2 The middle-section ear trimming method, the ear trimming method with the ear tip and the ear trimming method with the ear side ear trimming have the same trimming labor amount, and are 10 working hours. Meanwhile, the maximum labor intensity of the trimming of the method without trimming the ears is 96 man hours/667 m 2 Secondly, the working amount for trimming the auxiliary ear trimming method is 65 man hours/667 m 2 The working amount for trimming the grain of the method for trimming the spike tip of the remained spike is 60 man hours/667 m 2 The middle-section ear trimming method does not need any labor amount for trimming, thereby reducing the production cost of the grape and showing great superiority.
TABLE 1 variation in the amount of labor used for different scion trimming methods
Test comparative example 2
Quality comparison was performed on a grape sample 1# on a grape cluster 1# obtained by trimming by the middle-stage trimming method of the grape in example 1, a grape sample 2 on a grape cluster 2 obtained by trimming by the sharp trimming method of the remaining cluster, and a grape sample 3 on a grape cluster 3 obtained by trimming by the sharp trimming method of the remaining cluster, compared with a grape sample 1 on a grape cluster 1 obtained by trimming by the non-trimming method of comparative example 1, and specific data are shown in table 2.
As can be seen from Table 2, the middle-stage scion trimming method is superior to other scion trimming methods in terms of grape coloration, spike shape uniformity, single grain weight, soluble solid content, acidity and other indexes.
TABLE 2 influence of different scion pruning methods on grape Properties and quality
In mechanism, the flowering and fruit setting periods of the grape are very close, even when the two periods are almost consistent in many times, the grape flowers consume much nutrition, and the more sufficient and reasonable the nutrition in the flowering period is, the more fruits can be set. The scion trimming can stimulate the grape to produce endogenous auxin, so that the fruit setting rate is greatly improved, and meanwhile, the fruit stalks and the fruit stalks are promoted to become thick and strong, and the thick fruit stalks are obviously more beneficial to transporting nutrition to fruit grains. The middle-section-remaining spike trimming method provided by the invention can reduce the consumption of nutrition by useless branches and fruits, and a plurality of useless branch groups can be generated after grape fruit setting in practice, and the method shears off the useless branch groups which are not beneficial to fruit setting, so that the consumption of nutrition is reduced, the nutrition demand of the fruit-bearing grape is ensured, and the normal growth and development of the grape are ensured. Meanwhile, the thinned and indifferent branch flower ears reserved by the method can enhance the ventilation capability between fruit bearing grapes. In addition, the nutrient transportation and transportation of the grape is from the upper part to the lower part of the flower spike (the fruit spike), and the method can ensure the supply of the grape fruit nutrition by leaving the spike in the middle section, promote the rapid expansion of the fruit, increase the accumulation and storage of nutrient substances, improve the sweetness of sugar and enhance the coloring degree, thereby improving the grape quality as shown in figures 1-2.
In conclusion, the grape middle-section ear trimming method provided by the invention is simple, convenient and feasible, can reduce the total labor amount of the grape, reduce the production cost of the grape and improve the quality and benefit of the grape. Therefore, the invention effectively overcomes various defects in the prior art and has high industrial utilization value.
The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles of the present invention and its effectiveness, and are not intended to limit the invention. Modifications and variations may be made to the above-described embodiments by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Accordingly, it is intended that all equivalent modifications and variations of the invention be covered by the claims, which are within the ordinary skill of the art, be within the spirit and scope of the present disclosure.
Claims (5)
1. A grape middle-section trimming method comprises the following steps:
1) Pruning the branch stems from top to bottom along the main stems of the grape flowers in the cutting season to form an upper pruning area;
2) Pruning until the branches with 10-12 flower buds are set as reserved branches, wherein the reserved branches have 1-4 adjacent branches at the same height, and reserving the reserved branches and the adjacent branches to form a branch group;
3) Continuously trimming the branches downwards, repeating the step 2), and continuously reserving 2-4 branch groups to form a middle ear-reserving area;
4) Reserving 1 branch below the middle ear-reserving region to be set as an independent branch, and shearing all branches below the independent branch to form a lower shearing region;
in the step 1), the spike trimming season is when the flower buds on the grape spikes fully open to 3-4cm above the lowest spike, and the flower buds on the grape spikes still do not bloom;
in the step 2), the interval distance between the adjacent branches is 1-5mm;
in the step 2), the number of the reserved flower buds of the adjacent peduncles is 10-12;
in the step 4), the number of the flower buds reserved by the single branch is 10-12.
2. The middle grape stem ear trimming method according to claim 1, wherein in the step 2), the remaining stems have 1-3 adjacent stems at the same height.
3. The middle grape vine pruning method according to claim 1, wherein in the step 3), the reserved number of the stem groups is 3-4.
4. A grape spike structure, characterized in that an upper trimming area, a middle spike-retaining area and a lower trimming area are arranged from top to bottom, and the grape spike-retaining and middle spike-retaining structure is obtained by spike-retaining by the grape spike-retaining and middle spike-retaining method according to any one of claims 1-3.
5. The grape spike structure of claim 4 wherein said upper trimming area is a grape spike area between the top of a grape spike and the uppermost set of stems; the middle ear-remaining area is a grape ear-flower area provided with a plurality of branch groups from top to bottom; the lower pruning area is a grape spike area below an individual peduncles.
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Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102726270A (en) * | 2012-05-30 | 2012-10-17 | 溧阳市天目湖大紫王葡萄专业合作社 | Grape planting method |
| CN103081737A (en) * | 2013-01-21 | 2013-05-08 | 新泰市唯特果树研究所 | Novel method for apple flower thinning and fruit thinning |
| CN108112420A (en) * | 2017-12-26 | 2018-06-05 | 山东农业大学 | A kind of flower spike trimming new method for improving vinifera coloring |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN103392523B (en) * | 2013-06-21 | 2015-11-25 | 顾祥茂 | A kind of whole fringe method improving blue or green grape Fruit-setting rate |
| CN103283559B (en) * | 2013-06-27 | 2015-02-04 | 镇江万山红遍农业园 | Panicle arrangement method for improving Kyoho grape setting rate |
| JP5751507B1 (en) * | 2014-08-27 | 2015-07-22 | 岡山県 | Nucleated grape bunch making method and raw grapes produced by the method |
| CN108184535B (en) * | 2017-12-27 | 2019-12-03 | 福建省农业科学院果树研究所 | A method of realize grape pot flowers and fruits with basin |
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Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102726270A (en) * | 2012-05-30 | 2012-10-17 | 溧阳市天目湖大紫王葡萄专业合作社 | Grape planting method |
| CN103081737A (en) * | 2013-01-21 | 2013-05-08 | 新泰市唯特果树研究所 | Novel method for apple flower thinning and fruit thinning |
| CN108112420A (en) * | 2017-12-26 | 2018-06-05 | 山东农业大学 | A kind of flower spike trimming new method for improving vinifera coloring |
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