CN114159428A - 土木香内酯及其衍生物在制备防治精神疾病产品中的应用 - Google Patents
土木香内酯及其衍生物在制备防治精神疾病产品中的应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN114159428A CN114159428A CN202111483075.6A CN202111483075A CN114159428A CN 114159428 A CN114159428 A CN 114159428A CN 202111483075 A CN202111483075 A CN 202111483075A CN 114159428 A CN114159428 A CN 114159428A
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Abstract
Description
技术领域
本发明属于医药技术领域,涉及土木香内酯及其衍生物在制备防治精神疾病产品中的应用。
背景技术
焦虑症和抑郁症(depressive disorder)属于情感性精神障碍,是高致病率、高致残率和高自杀率的精神心理障碍,已成为严重的社会和公共卫生问题。根据世界卫生组织(WTO)发表的报告,情感障碍已成为世界第四大疾患,全球的抑郁症患者已达3.4亿人,而且这个数字仍然呈上升趋势。
目前,抑郁症的治疗包括药物治疗、非药物治疗、其他治疗等。临床上需要根据患者病情轻重缓急、病程长短、以往治疗效果、个体差异等情况来选择相应治疗。现有的抗抑郁药主要类型包括:传统抗抑郁药包括单胺氧化酶抑制剂(MAOIs)和三环四环等杂环类抗抑郁药(TCAs)、SSRIs、选择性NE再摄取抑制剂(NRIs)、NE和DA再摄取抑制剂(NDRIs)、S选择性NE再摄取抑制剂、NE能及特异性5-HT能抗抑郁药(NaSSA)、5-HT2受体拮抗剂及5-HT再摄取抑制剂(SARIs)和其他抗抑郁药等。服用西药有利于快速改善症状,所以在临床上应用广泛,但也存在着诸多副作用,而且有调查显示在抗抑郁用药患者中约有三分之一是由于无法忍受药物的副作用而被迫停药。如马普替林和米安舍林容易诱发癫痫,服用氟西汀常存在胃肠道反应,还包括高血压危象、轻躁症的症状加重以及导致患者性欲低下等。这都给患者带来了很多痛苦和不便,大大影响了人们的正常生活。因此,需迫切寻找疗效更为理想的抗抑郁、抗焦虑症药物和治疗手段。
发明内容
本发明提供了土木香内酯及其衍生物在制备防治精神疾病产品中的应用,本发明中,精神疾病是指情感性精神障碍疾病。
为了实现本发明的技术目的,本发明采用以下技术方案:
土木香内酯及其衍生物在制备防治精神疾病产品中的应用,所述土木香内酯及其衍生物的化学式结构通式如下:
其中:R为H或卤素;X为O或NH。
R为卤素时,X为O时,土木香内酯的卤代衍生物的制备方法是:土木香内酯在光照或过氧化物存在下低温(0℃-20℃)时与N-溴代丁二酰亚胺(NBS)反应即可得到式Ⅰ-Ⅳ所示的化合物。
R为H时,X为NH时,土木香内酯的内酰胺衍生物的制备方法是:土木香内酯与氨(或胺)的醇溶液加入适量的甲醇钠和氰化钠催化发生氨解即可得到式Ⅴ所示的化合物。
优选地,所述精神疾病为抑郁症和/或焦虑症。
优选地,所述防治为预防、缓解和/或治疗,所述产品为药物、食品或保健品。
优选地,所述产品以土木香内酯及其衍生物为唯一活性成分,或者将土木香内酯及其衍生物作为活性成分之一使用。
优选地,所述药物由土木香内酯及其衍生物与不同的药学上可接受的辅料混合制成。
更优选地,所述药学上可接受的辅料选自淀粉、蔗糖、糊精、微晶纤维素、预胶化淀粉、羧甲基纤维素钠、乙醇、硬脂酸镁、氧化镁、甘露醇、滑石粉、甘油、十二烷基磺酸钠等常规药物辅料中的一种或多种。
优选地,所述药物的剂型为口服制剂、注射剂、舌下含化片剂、吸入剂或外用制剂。
更优选地,所述的口服制剂是片剂、胶囊剂、颗粒剂、散剂、滴剂、果汁剂、丸剂或糖浆。所述的注射剂是注射液、粉针剂或冻干粉针剂。所述吸入剂包括喷鼻剂和雾化吸入剂。所述的外用制剂包括贴剂和软膏。
优选地,所述药物的给药对象是哺乳动物,所述哺乳动物包括人。
本发明所提及的化合物土木香内酯抗抑郁/焦虑药效试验通过CUMS建立抑郁小鼠,从动物行为学方面和细胞实验评价土木香内酯抗抑郁/焦虑效果。实验结果表明,土木香内酯可以缓解抑郁症模型小鼠的抑郁程度,其作用强度和氟西汀相仿。同时,土木香内酯能够明显抑制LPS诱导的BV2细胞炎症因子TNF-α、IL-6和IL-1β的产生。本发明为预防和治疗抑郁症/焦虑症提供了一种中药单体成分新药,拓宽了土木香内酯及其衍生物的临床用途。加之土木香内酯具有来源广泛,低毒性等特点,因此其在抑郁症/焦虑症治疗中具有很好的应用开发前景。
附图说明
图1为土木香内酯及其衍生物对CUMS模型小鼠糖水偏爱影响的柱状图。
图2为土木香内酯及其衍生物对CUMS模型小鼠中心移动距离影响的柱状图。
图3为土木香内酯及其衍生物对CUMS模型小鼠进入开放臂次数影响的柱状图。
图4为土木香内酯及其衍生物对CUMS模型小鼠游泳不动时间影响的柱状图。
图5为土木香内酯及其衍生物对CUMS模型悬尾不动时间影响的柱状图。
图6为CCK8检测细胞活力的柱状图。
图7为酶联免疫法(ELISA)检测不同浓度的土木香内酯对BV2细胞中炎性因子TNF-α分泌的影响的柱状图。
图8为酶联免疫法(ELISA)检测不同浓度的土木香内酯对BV2细胞中炎性因子IL-1β分泌的影响的柱状图。
图9为酶联免疫法(ELISA)检测不同浓度的土木香内酯对BV2细胞中炎性因子IL-6分泌的影响的柱状图。
具体实施方式
为了更清楚地说明本发明,下面结合实施例并对照附图对本发明作进一步详细说明。本领域技术人员应当理解,下面所具体描述的内容是说明性的而非限制性的,不应以此限制本发明的保护范围。
下述实施例中如无特殊说明,所用的材料、试剂等,均可从商业途径得到,相关实验手段亦可通过常规技术手段实现。
土木香内酯(Alantolactone)是一种萜类化合物,化学别名:3a,5,6,7,8,8a,9,9a-八氢-5,8a-二甲基-3-亚甲基萘并[2,3-b]呋喃-2(3H)-酮。化学式为C15H20O2,分子量为232.32,为白色粉末,可溶于甲醇、乙醇、DMSO等有机溶剂。
土木香内酯及其衍生物化学结构通式如下:
其中:R为H或卤素;X为O或NH。
土木香内酯的结构为:
实施例
一、实验材料
1、实验动物:7周龄野生型雄性C57BL/6小鼠,购自湖南斯莱克景达有限公司。本实验所有动物于江西中医药大学实验动物科技中心动物屏障间进行饲养,实验前一周为适应期,自由摄食和饮水,适应期内饲料与饮用水完全相同。
2、药物:土木香内酯(3a,5,6,7,8,8a,9,9a-八氢-5,8a-二甲基-3-亚甲基萘并[2,3-b]呋喃-2(3H)-酮),购自成都埃法生物科技有限公司;土木香内酯衍生物Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ;氟西汀,购自成都埃法生物科技有限公司。
二、CUMS抑郁症模型的制备
CUMS模型通过每日随机给予小鼠2种压力干预应激,诱导小鼠出现抑郁样症状。同时长期的社交隔离也会导致小鼠产生抑郁焦虑样行为。在本次造模中,采用了CUMS联合孤养法共同制备小鼠抑郁模型。CUMS组小鼠每日不定时随机给予下表所示的2种应激源,每种应激源不连续出现2次,使小鼠不能预知刺激的发生。造模共持续40天。
实验应激源介绍
三、实验分组
基于造模前糖水偏爱基线测试结果,将WT小鼠随机分为4组,每组10只。
1)对照组(CG):对照小鼠;
2)模型组(CUMS):采用上述CUMS模型造模;
3)阳性参考组(Flu):采用氟西汀药物作为阳性参考药物,用生理盐水溶解配制成1mg/ml,造模前开始灌胃给药,10mg/kg/day;
4)给药组(NZ、Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ):采用土木香内酯(3a,5,6,7,8,8a,9,9a-八氢-5,8a-二甲基-3-亚甲基萘并[2,3-b]呋喃-2(3H)-酮)及其衍生物治疗,造模30天后开始尾静脉注射给药,2mg/kg/day,持续十天。
四、相关行为学研究
1、糖水偏好实验
1)实验方法:
糖水偏好实验在整体动物实验中一共进行了2次。在CUMS造模前,通过糖水偏好实验测量所有小鼠蔗糖偏好系数,保证进行实验的小鼠状态一致。在实验结束后,糖水偏好实验作为动物行为学的一部分,用于评价小鼠快感缺失的程度。在实验第一天,给予一瓶为纯水,一瓶1%糖水(w/v),24h后,更换为2瓶纯水。24h后,剥夺小鼠饲料和水源,持续24h。禁食禁水完成后,开始测量糖水偏好系数。开始测量前,所有进行实验的小鼠均需单笼饲养。每只小鼠均给予一瓶糖水和一瓶纯水,24h后收取两个水瓶,计算小鼠24h内糖水和纯水的消耗量。
糖水偏好系数计算方式为:糖水偏好系数(%)=糖水消耗量1(糖水消耗量+纯水消耗量)×100%
2)实验结果:
如图1所示,模型组的糖水偏好系数小于对照组。给药组能逆转CUMS模型小鼠在SPT中糖水偏好的降低。阳性对照物氟西汀也显示同样的作用。结果表明,木土香内酯及其衍生物能减轻小鼠抑郁样症状。
2、旷场实验
1)实验方法:
实验在一个正方形的白色敞箱中进行(40×40×40cm),敞箱顶部装有摄像机,摄像机连接动物行为学分析软件系统Smart8.0。敞箱四周保证静音,并用遮光帘隔绝外部视野。敞箱内部无明显干扰标记,无灯光阴影。每只小鼠测试前,均需对敞箱进行消毒,并清洁敞箱。小鼠单独地放入箱内的一个固定角落,允许其自由的在箱内探索6min。用摄影机全程记录小鼠行为,利用行为学分析软件分析视频的后4min运动轨迹。运动总轨迹长度反应大鼠的运动能力。定义敞箱底部正中间约1/4区域为中心区,分析小鼠在中心区移动距离,进入中心区次数与中心区停留时间,作为小鼠抑郁样行为的评判标准。
2)实验结果:
如图2所示,模型组的中心移动距离少于正常对照组,给药组能增加CUMS模型小鼠在OPF中的中心移动距离。阳性对照物氟西汀也显示同样的作用。结果表明,木土香内酯及其衍生物能减轻小鼠抑郁样症状。
3、高架十字实验
1)实验步骤:
高架十字迷宫仪器(北京金科颐科技发展有限制作)由2个相对的敞开臂(四周均敞开,50cm×10cm)、2个相对的闭臂(仅顶部敞开,50cm×10cm×40cm)和一个连接4个臂的中间区域组成,迷宫距离地面70cm高。将小鼠置于中心区域,将其头部朝向其中一只闭合的手臂,然后让其自由探索迷宫6min,并采集视频。采用行为学分析软件Smart8.0分析视频后4min小鼠运动轨迹。定义当四只爪子越过分界线完全进入一只手臂时为有效数据。每次测试后,对仪器进行消毒清洁。
2)实验结果:
如图3所示,与对照组相比,模型组进入开放臂的次数明显减少。给药组能增加CUMS模型小鼠在EPM中的进入开放臂的次数。阳性对照物氟西汀也显示同样的作用。结果表明,木土香内酯及其衍生物对焦虑抑郁行为有明显的改善效果。
4、强迫游泳
1)实验步骤:
强迫游泳实验在一个装有纯净水的透明的圆形桶中进行,桶直径12cm,水深25cm,纯水温度为23-25℃。仪器正前方装有摄像机,并与水面齐平。将小鼠放入水中后,采集其在水中6min的活动视频。采用分析软件Smart8.0分析视频后5min内小鼠的静止不动时间。静止不动行为定义为小鼠漂浮、不挣扎,或仅依靠偶尔摆动维持漂浮不动的行为。
2)实验结果:
如图4所示,与对照组相比,模型组的不动时间显著增加,给药组能减少CUMS模型小鼠在FST中的不动时间。阳性对照物氟西汀也显示同样的作用。结果表明,木土香内酯及其衍生物对焦虑抑郁行为有明显的改善效果。
5、悬尾实验
1)实验步骤
悬尾实验仪器为顶部带钩的白色箱子。测量开始之前,在距小鼠鼠尾1/3处用绳子固定并倒挂于箱子顶部,小鼠头部离地面15min。仪器正前方摆放摄像机进行录像。实验共持续6min。采用行为学软件Smart8.0分析小鼠后4min的静止不动时间。
2)实验结果
如图5所示,与对照组相比,模型组的不动时间显著增加,给药组能减少CUMS模型小鼠在TST中的不动时间。阳性对照物氟西汀也显示同样的作用。结果表明,木土香内酯及其衍生物对焦虑抑郁行为有明显的改善效果。
五、细胞实验
1、CCK8检测细胞活力
1)实验方法:
BV2细胞正常培养于补充有10%胎牛血清(FBS)DMEM培养基中,并置于5%CO2、37℃二氧化碳培养箱中。将上述BV2细胞按每孔加入200μL8000-10000个细胞种板到96孔板,在进行细胞培养加入不同浓度的土木香内酯(1μM、2μM、5μM)和阳性药物氟西汀(10μM),再加入1μg/ml LPS进行刺激。待刺激完成后,将10μL CCK-8溶液加入到细胞标准96孔板中,并设空白对照组(含有相应量细胞培养液、CCK-8溶液,但没有加入BV2细胞的孔)。然后将处理后的细胞板置于细胞培养箱内继续孵育2-4h,取出细胞培养板,置于用酶标仪中进行450nm吸光度检测。根据吸光度的相对比值确定BV2细胞的细胞活力。
2)实验结果:
CCK8法检测显示,土木香内酯组以及阳性药组与对照组相比,细胞生存率均无显著性差异(图6),表明阳性药物氟西汀和不同浓度的土木香内酯(1μM、2μM、5μM)均不会对BV2细胞产生毒性作用,可以用该浓度做后续实验。
2、酶联免疫法(ELISA)检测不同浓度的土木香内酯对BV2细胞中炎性因子分泌的影响
1)实验方法:
取各组药物干预后的BV2细胞的培养上清,2-8℃条件离心20分钟左右(2000-3000转/分),收集上清。按ELISA试剂盒操作步骤检测炎症因子TNF-α、IL-6以及IL-1β的含量。
2)步骤如下:
将试剂盒中的所有试剂恢复至室温,根据说明书进行溶液的配制,将准备好的样品和标准品加入相应的孔中,37℃孵育30min,洗板5次后,加入酶标试剂,37℃孵育30min,洗板5次后,加入显色液AB,37℃孵育30min,最后加入终止液,15min内使用酶标仪在450nm波长测定吸光度值。
3)实验结果:
如图7、8、9所示,与对照组(CG)相比,1ug/ml LPS刺激后BV2细胞产生炎症因子TNF-α、IL-6和IL-1β水平明显增加,表明造模成功。与LPS相比,在给予不同浓度的土木香内酯处理后,TNF-α、IL-6和IL-1β水平明显降低,阳性对照物氟西汀也显示同样的作用。结果表明土木香内酯能够明显抑制LPS诱导的BV2细胞炎症因子TNF-α、IL-6和IL-1β的产生。
通过CUMS建立抑郁小鼠,动物行为学方面和细胞实验结果表明,土木香内酯及其衍生物可以缓解抑郁症模型小鼠的抑郁程度,其作用强度和氟西汀相仿。同时,土木香内酯能够明显抑制LPS诱导的BV2细胞炎症因子TNF-α、IL-6和IL-1β的产生。
因此,土木香内酯能抑制小胶质细胞介导的炎症反应以及抑制LPS诱导的神经炎症,并且土木香内酯能够逆转快感缺失现象,表现出抗抑郁效果或抗焦虑效果,从而可以将其用于制备预防、缓解和/或治疗情感性精神障碍疾病的产品中,所述产品可以是药物、食品或保健品,以土木香内酯及其衍生物为唯一活性成分,或者将土木香内酯及其衍生物作为活性成分之一使用。
针对不同的使用人群,可以将土木香内酯及其衍生物与不同的药学上可接受的辅料混合,制成预防、缓解和/或治疗情感性精神障碍疾病的药物,药学上可接受的辅料可以是淀粉、蔗糖、糊精、微晶纤维素、预胶化淀粉、羧甲基纤维素钠、乙醇、硬脂酸镁、氧化镁、甘露醇、滑石粉、甘油、十二烷基磺酸钠等常规药物辅料中的一种或多种。药物剂型可以是口服制剂、注射剂、舌下含化片剂、吸入剂、外用制剂,其中口服制剂可以是片剂、胶囊剂、颗粒剂、散剂、滴剂、果汁剂、丸剂或糖浆;注射剂可以是注射液、粉针剂或冻干粉针剂;吸入剂包括喷鼻剂和雾化吸入剂;外用制剂包括贴剂和软膏。
将土木香内酯及其衍生物应用在制备抗抑郁症/焦虑症药物中时,药物的给药对象是哺乳动物,哺乳动物包括人。
显然,本发明的上述实施例仅仅是为更清楚地说明本发明所作的举例,而并非是对本发明的实施方式的限定,对于所属领域的普通技术人员来说,在上述说明的基础上还可以做出其他不同形式的变化或变动,这里无法对所有的实施方法予以穷举,凡是属于本发明的技术方案所引申出的显而易见的变化或变动仍处于本发明的保护范围之列。
Claims (10)
3.根据权利要求1所述的土木香内酯及其衍生物在制备防治精神疾病产品中的应用,其特征在于,所述精神疾病为抑郁症和/或焦虑症。
4.根据权利要求1所述的土木香内酯及其衍生物在制备防治精神疾病产品中的应用,其特征在于,所述防治为预防、缓解和/或治疗,所述产品为药物、食品或保健品。
5.根据权利要求1-4任意一项所述的土木香内酯及其衍生物在制备防治精神疾病产品中的应用,其特征在于,所述产品以土木香内酯及其衍生物为唯一活性成分,或者将土木香内酯及其衍生物作为活性成分之一使用。
6.根据权利要求4所述的土木香内酯及其衍生物在制备防治精神疾病产品中的应用,其特征在于,所述药物由土木香内酯及其衍生物与不同的药学上可接受的辅料混合制成。
7.根据权利要求6所述的土木香内酯及其衍生物在制备防治精神疾病产品中的应用,其特征在于,所述药学上可接受的辅料选自包括淀粉、蔗糖、糊精、微晶纤维素、预胶化淀粉、羧甲基纤维素钠、乙醇、硬脂酸镁、氧化镁、甘露醇、滑石粉、甘油、十二烷基磺酸钠在内的常规药物辅料中的一种或多种。
8.根据权利要求4所述的土木香内酯及其衍生物在制备防治精神疾病产品中的应用,其特征在于,所述药物的剂型为口服制剂、注射剂、舌下含化片剂、吸入剂或外用制剂。
9.根据权利要求8所述的土木香内酯及其衍生物在制备防治精神疾病产品中的应用,其特征在于,所述的口服制剂是片剂、胶囊剂、颗粒剂、散剂、滴剂、果汁剂、丸剂或糖浆;所述的注射剂是注射液、粉针剂或冻干粉针剂;所述吸入剂包括喷鼻剂和雾化吸入剂;所述的外用制剂包括贴剂和软膏。
10.根据权利要求4所述的土木香内酯及其衍生物在制备防治精神疾病产品中的应用,其特征在于,所述药物的给药对象是哺乳动物,所述哺乳动物包括人。
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