CN114158334A - Application method of special granulated phosphate fertilizer for calcium-containing peanuts - Google Patents

Application method of special granulated phosphate fertilizer for calcium-containing peanuts Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114158334A
CN114158334A CN202111484714.0A CN202111484714A CN114158334A CN 114158334 A CN114158334 A CN 114158334A CN 202111484714 A CN202111484714 A CN 202111484714A CN 114158334 A CN114158334 A CN 114158334A
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Prior art keywords
peanuts
calcium
phosphate fertilizer
special
period
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CN202111484714.0A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
王仁宗
邢志强
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Hubei Forbon Technology Co Ltd
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Hubei Forbon Technology Co Ltd
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Priority to CN202111484714.0A priority Critical patent/CN114158334A/en
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01CPLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C21/00Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
    • A01C21/005Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern

Abstract

The invention discloses an application method of a special granulated phosphate fertilizer for calcium-containing peanuts, which comprises the following steps: spreading 15-25 Kg/mu of special granulated phosphate fertilizer for calcium-containing peanuts before peanut sowing, wherein the soil turning depth is 25-40 cm; applying 5-10 Kg/mu of special granulated phosphate fertilizer for calcium-containing peanuts in the peanut flowering period, wherein the depth of grooves is 5-15 cm; 10-15 Kg/mu of special granular phosphate fertilizer for calcium-containing peanuts is applied in a row in the pod bearing period of the peanuts, the depth of a row ditch is 5-15 cm, the fertilizing amount before sowing is higher than that in the pod bearing period, and the fertilizing amount in the pod bearing period is higher than that in the flowering period. The invention combines the calcium and the phosphorus elements for application, and meets the nutrient requirements of the peanuts on the phosphorus and the calcium in the whole growth period. The fertilization mode is divided into three times of fertilization before sowing, in a flowering period and in a pod bearing period, the nutrient requirements of the peanuts in different growth periods on calcium are met corresponding to the vigorous requirements of the peanuts in different growth periods, the stress resistance of the peanuts is enhanced, the nutrient absorption capacity of the peanuts is enhanced, the pod yield of the peanuts is increased by more than 10%, and the pod quality is optimized.

Description

Application method of special granulated phosphate fertilizer for calcium-containing peanuts
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of agricultural fertilizers, and particularly discloses an application method of a special granulated phosphate fertilizer for calcium-containing peanuts.
Background
Peanuts are important oil crops and economic crops in China, the planting area is the second world, and the total production is the first world. Peanut is one of crops requiring the most nutrition of calcium, and is about 5 times of rice and 7 times of wheat compared with other crops with the same yield level. The amount of calcium absorbed by peanuts is second only to nitrogen and potassium, and 2.0-2.5Kg of calcium, even more than phosphorus (1.0 + -0.8 Kg requirement), is the third most nutrient element for every 100Kg of pod formed.
Calcium plays an important role in maintaining the stability of plant cell membranes, increasing the content of chlorophyll, improving the photosynthesis of leaves, and promoting the operation of photosynthetic products and protein metabolism. Therefore, maintaining reasonable supply of soil calcium and meeting nutrient requirements of plant calcitonin are one of the key points of current peanut cultivation management.
According to the research, the yield reduction of the peanuts caused by the empty shells or the unsaturated seeds of the peanuts due to the calcium deficiency in the soil in China is up to 30-50%. The southern peanuts are mainly cultivated in hilly red soil dry land, due to large rainfall and high temperature, soil in the southern red soil region is strongly mineralized, cations such as calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium and the like are seriously leached along with the loss of water and soil, the higher the erosion modulus is, the lower the pH value of the soil is, the higher the leaching amount of exchangeable calcium ions is, and a vicious circle of soil acidification and calcitonin deficiency is formed.
Researches find that after the calcium fertilizer is applied, the cells of the lateral root cortex of the peanut are arranged tightly without the phenomenon of cell wall relaxation, and when the calcium fertilizer is lacked, the cross section of the lateral root is deformed, the cell wall of the root is seriously damaged, relaxed and twisted, thereby influencing the nutrient absorption capability of the peanut.
At present, farmers apply nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers emphatically in peanut production, but neglect the application problem of medium and micro fertilizers, which causes soil nutrient imbalance, wherein the content of medium and trace elements is lower than a critical value, and meanwhile, due to poor mobility of calcium, even if the content of calcium in soil is enough, the phenomenon of peanut shell empty caused by lack of calcium often occurs, thus seriously affecting the yield and quality of peanuts. Meanwhile, calcium fertilizers in the market mainly comprise water-soluble fertilizers such as calcium superphosphate and the like, the nutrient release is fast, the leaching loss is large, the utilization rate is low, and the peanuts are generally lack of calcium in the pod bearing period.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the fertilization habits of farmers and the defects of the existing calcium fertilizer and provides an application method of a special granulated phosphate fertilizer for calcium-containing peanuts. According to the characteristics of the peanuts requiring calcium nutrition in the whole growth period, the calcium-containing peanuts are scientifically supplied in different times, the different requirements of the peanuts in different growth periods on the calcium are met, and meanwhile, the special granulated phosphate fertilizer for the calcium-containing peanuts adopts a resin coating slow release technology, so that the nutrients are continuously provided in the whole peanut growth period. The method can enhance nutrient absorption capacity of peanut, increase peanut pod yield, and optimize pod quality.
The application method of the special granulated phosphate fertilizer for the calcium-containing peanuts is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) uniformly spreading special granulated phosphate fertilizer for calcium-containing peanuts on the surface of the soil before sowing the peanuts, turning the soil and putting the fertilizer into the soil after the spreading is finished; the depth of the soil is 25-40 cm.
2) Applying a certain amount of special calcium-containing granular phosphate fertilizer for peanuts in the flowering period of the peanuts; the depth of the grooves is 5-15 cm.
3) Applying a certain amount of special granulated phosphate fertilizer for the calcium-containing peanuts in the final pod bearing period of the peanuts. The depth of the grooves is 5-15 cm.
The application amount of the special granulated phosphate fertilizer for the calcium-containing peanuts before sowing is 15-25 Kg/mu, the application amount of the special granulated phosphate fertilizer for the calcium-containing peanuts during the flowering period is 5-10 Kg/mu, and the application amount of the special granulated phosphate fertilizer for the calcium-containing peanuts during the pod setting period is 10-15 Kg/mu.
The method comprises the following steps: the fertilization amount before sowing is higher than the fertilization amount in the pod bearing period, and the fertilization amount in the pod bearing period is higher than the fertilization amount in the flowering period.
The invention adopts a fertilizing mode which is scientific and reasonable. The fertilizer is applied for three times before sowing, in the flowering period and in the pod bearing period, and the high-yield cultivation technology of the peanuts is combined, so that the nutrient requirements of the peanuts on phosphorus and calcium in different growth periods are met, the nutrient absorption capacity of the peanuts is enhanced, the pod yield of the peanuts can be improved by over 10 percent, and the pod quality is optimized.
Calcium-containing granular phosphate fertilizer produced by Hubei Fubang science and technology Limited company has a slow release function, and medium elements with peanut growth specificity are added while large-amount element phosphorus is coordinated.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to specific examples, wherein the granulated phosphate fertilizer containing calcium for peanuts used in the examples of the present invention is a granulated phosphate fertilizer containing calcium produced by the science and technology ltd of fubang, north of lake, and the granulated phosphate fertilizer containing calcium is applied in combination with calcium and phosphorus elements.
Example 1:
the fertilizing method of the special granulated phosphate fertilizer for the calcium-containing peanuts in peanut cultivation is carried out according to the following steps:
1) spreading 15 Kg/mu of special granulated phosphate fertilizer for calcium-containing peanuts before peanut sowing, wherein the soil turning depth is 25 cm;
2) applying 5 Kg/mu of special granular phosphate fertilizer for calcium-containing peanuts in the peanut flowering period, wherein the depth of grooves is 15 cm;
3) 10 Kg/mu of special granulated phosphate fertilizer for calcium-containing peanuts is applied to the peanuts in the pod setting period of the peanuts, and the depth of the furrows is 15 cm.
The test was performed on peanuts according to the procedure described above. The test variety is Nonghua No. 5, the nitrogen level (counted by N) is 11 Kg/mu, and the phosphorus level (counted by P)2O5Calculated) 7 Kg/mu, and the potassium level is 9 Kg/mu. The experimental design sets 3 treatments according to calcium factors, namely applying no fertilizer, only nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium and applying special granulated phosphate fertilizer (P) for calcium-containing peanuts2O5CaO is 12-30), 30 Kg/mu, and the fertilizing proportion and period are consistent with the steps. The test result shows that only nitrogen phosphorus potassium and calcium-containing granular phosphate fertilizer (P) is applied without applying fertilizer2O5CaO is 12-30), the yield of 30 Kg/mu peanut pods is 253.3 Kg/mu, 373.1 Kg/mu and 427.4 Kg/mu respectively, compared with the method of not fertilizing and only fertilizing nitrogen phosphorus potassium, the yield of 30 Kg/mu peanut pods containing calcium granular phosphate fertilizer is increased by 174.1 Kg/mu and 54.3 Kg/mu respectively, and the yield is increased by 68.7 percent and 14.6 percent respectively.
Example 2:
the fertilizing method of the special granulated phosphate fertilizer for the calcium-containing peanuts in peanut cultivation is carried out according to the following steps:
1) and (3) spreading 25 Kg/mu of special granulated phosphate fertilizer for calcium-containing peanuts before sowing the peanuts, wherein the soil turning depth is 35 cm.
2) 10 Kg/mu of special granulated phosphate fertilizer for calcium-containing peanuts is applied to the peanuts in the flowering period of the peanuts, and the depth of the grooves is 15 cm.
3) 15 Kg/mu of special granular phosphate fertilizer for calcium-containing peanuts is applied to the peanuts in the pod setting period, and the depth of the furrows is 15 cm.
The test was performed on peanuts according to the procedure described above. The test variety is Hunan flower 2008, the nitrogen level (counted by N) is 11 Kg/mu, and the phosphorus level (counted by P)2O5Calculated) 7 Kg/mu, and the potassium level is 9 Kg/mu. The experimental design sets 3 treatments according to calcium factors, namely applying no fertilizer, only nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium and applying special granulated phosphate fertilizer (P) for calcium-containing peanuts2O5CaO of 12 to 30 percent) 50 Kg/mu, fertilization proportion,The time period corresponds to the above steps. The test result shows that only nitrogen phosphorus potassium and calcium-containing granular phosphate fertilizer (P) is applied without applying fertilizer2O512-12 percent of MgO) and the peanut pod yields of 50 Kg/mu are respectively 151.5 Kg/mu, 244.7 Kg/mu and 287.4 Kg/mu, compared with the peanut pods which are not fertilized with fertilizer and are only fertilized with nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, the peanut pods which are 50 Kg/mu and contain calcium granulated phosphate fertilizer respectively increase the yields of 135.9 Kg/mu and 42.7 Kg/mu, and the yield increase rates respectively reach 89.7 percent and 17.4 percent.
Example 3:
the fertilizing method of the special granulated phosphate fertilizer for the calcium-containing peanuts in peanut cultivation is carried out according to the following steps:
1) 20 Kg/mu of special granulated phosphate fertilizer for calcium-containing peanuts is spread before the peanuts are sowed, and the soil turning depth is 40 cm;
2) applying 8 Kg/mu of special granular phosphate fertilizer for calcium-containing peanuts in the peanut flowering period, wherein the depth of grooves is 5 cm;
3) the special granulated phosphate fertilizer for the calcium-containing peanuts is applied to the peanuts at the pod setting stage of the peanuts at 12 Kg/mu, and the depth of the furrows is 5 cm.
The test was performed on peanuts according to the procedure described above. The test variety is Nongdan No. 5, the nitrogen level (counted by N) is 11 Kg/mu, and the phosphorus level (counted by P)2O5Calculated) 7 Kg/mu, and the potassium level is 9 Kg/mu. The experimental design sets 3 treatments according to calcium factors, namely applying no fertilizer, only nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium and applying special granulated phosphate fertilizer (P) for calcium-containing peanuts2O5CaO is 12-30)40 Kg/mu, and the fertilizing proportion and period are consistent with the steps. The test result shows that only nitrogen phosphorus potassium and calcium-containing granular phosphate fertilizer (P) is applied without applying fertilizer2O5CaO is 12-30), the yield of peanut pods of 40 Kg/mu is 261.4 Kg/mu, 369.3 Kg/mu and 439.7 Kg/mu respectively, compared with the method of not applying fertilizer and only applying nitrogen phosphorus potassium, the yield of peanut pods of 30 Kg/mu containing calcium granulated phosphate fertilizer is 178.3 Kg/mu and 70.4 Kg/mu respectively, and the yield is increased by 68.2 percent and 19.1 percent respectively.
Example 4:
the fertilizing method of the special granulated phosphate fertilizer for the calcium-containing peanuts in peanut cultivation is carried out according to the following steps:
1) 18Kg of special granulated phosphate fertilizer for calcium-containing peanuts is broadcast and applied to each mu of peanuts before the peanuts are sowed, and the soil turning depth is 30 cm.
2) The granular phosphate fertilizer special for the calcium-containing peanuts is applied to the peanuts in the flowering period of the peanuts by 7 Kg/mu, and the depth of the grooves is 10 cm.
3) 13 Kg/mu of special granular phosphate fertilizer for calcium-containing peanuts is applied to the peanuts in the pod setting period, and the depth of the furrows is 10 cm.
The test was performed on peanuts according to the procedure described above. The test variety is Yuhua No. 37, the nitrogen level (counted by N) is 11 Kg/mu, and the phosphorus level (counted by P)2O5Calculated) 7 Kg/mu, and the potassium level is 9 Kg/mu. The experimental design sets 3 treatments according to calcium factors, namely applying no fertilizer, only nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium and applying special granulated phosphate fertilizer (P) for calcium-containing peanuts2O5CaO is 12-30)38 Kg/mu, and the fertilizing proportion and period are consistent with the steps. The test result shows that only nitrogen phosphorus potassium and calcium-containing granular phosphate fertilizer (P) is applied without applying fertilizer2O512-12 percent of MgO) and the peanut pod yields of 38 Kg/mu are 157.3 Kg/mu, 249.4 Kg/mu and 297.7 Kg/mu respectively, compared with the peanut pods which are not fertilized with fertilizer and are only fertilized with nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, the peanut pods containing calcium granular phosphate fertilizer of 50 Kg/mu are respectively increased by 140.4 Kg/mu and 48.3 Kg/mu, and the yield increase rate respectively reaches 89.3 percent and 19.4 percent.

Claims (5)

1. The application method of the special granulated phosphate fertilizer for the calcium-containing peanuts is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) uniformly spreading special granulated phosphate fertilizer for calcium-containing peanuts on the surface of the soil before sowing the peanuts, turning the soil and putting the fertilizer into the soil after the spreading is finished;
2) applying a certain amount of special calcium-containing granular phosphate fertilizer for peanuts in the flowering period of the peanuts;
3) applying a certain amount of special granulated phosphate fertilizer for the calcium-containing peanuts in the final pod bearing period of the peanuts.
2. The method for applying the granulated phosphate fertilizer special for the calcium-containing peanuts according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: after the special granulated phosphate fertilizer for the calcium-containing peanuts is applied, the soil turning depth is 25-40 cm.
3. The method for applying the granulated phosphate fertilizer special for the calcium-containing peanuts according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: when the granulated phosphate fertilizer special for the calcium-containing peanuts is applied in a strip mode, the depth of a strip ditch is 5-15 cm.
4. The method for applying the granulated phosphate fertilizer special for the calcium-containing peanuts according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the application amount of the special granulated phosphate fertilizer for the calcium-containing peanuts before sowing is 15-25 Kg/mu, the application amount of the special granulated phosphate fertilizer for the calcium-containing peanuts during the flowering period is 5-10 Kg/mu, and the application amount of the special granulated phosphate fertilizer for the calcium-containing peanuts during the pod setting period is 10-15 Kg/mu.
5. The method for applying the granulated phosphate fertilizer special for the calcium-containing peanuts according to claim 4, is characterized in that: the fertilization amount before sowing is higher than the fertilization amount in the pod bearing period, and the fertilization amount in the pod bearing period is higher than the fertilization amount in the flowering period.
CN202111484714.0A 2021-12-07 2021-12-07 Application method of special granulated phosphate fertilizer for calcium-containing peanuts Pending CN114158334A (en)

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Application publication date: 20220311