CN114149871A - 一种兼具灭火功能的生物环保油污清洗剂及其制备方法与应用 - Google Patents
一种兼具灭火功能的生物环保油污清洗剂及其制备方法与应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN114149871A CN114149871A CN202111562775.4A CN202111562775A CN114149871A CN 114149871 A CN114149871 A CN 114149871A CN 202111562775 A CN202111562775 A CN 202111562775A CN 114149871 A CN114149871 A CN 114149871A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
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- Detergent Compositions (AREA)
Abstract
本发明提供了一种兼具灭火功能的生物环保油污清洗剂及其制备方法与应用,涉及清洗剂技术领域。本发明的兼具灭火功能的生物环保油污清洗剂包括如下质量份数的组分:微生物0.1~2份、表面活性剂2~5份、生物酶0.1~3份、促溶剂4.5~12份、辅剂2~12.5份、水65.5~71.3份。利用本发明的兼具灭火功能的生物环保油污清洗剂可以显著去除金属表面的油污,使其去除率达到95%以上,可以在多种温度条件下扑灭多种油类和木材纸张等的火灾,还同时具有很好的抗复燃性能。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及清洗剂技术领域,尤其涉及一种兼具灭火功能的生物环保油污清洗剂及其制备方法与应用。
背景技术
目前最常用的清洗油污的方法是利用化学药品或其他溶剂与污垢的反应来进行清洗。这种方法是通过溶解、乳化、分散、吸附等作用而达到清除油污的目的。但这种方法具有洗涤效果差、用量消耗多、生物毒性大、环境污染严重、应用范围窄等缺点,特别是油污进入洗涤废水后,只是转移污染而不能有效降解,会造成了严重的环保问题。此外,很多清洗物上或清洗环境里的残油污油都具有易燃易爆的特性,非常容易引发各种安全事故。但很多化学类的清洗剂或清洗油本身就有可燃性或助燃性,更需要在使用时非常小心,加倍防范其危险因素。
生物修复安防是指利用生物尤其是微生物及其酶,诱导或加快环境中泄漏的有害易燃危化品的降解过程,最终转化为无害不可燃物质的生物工程技术。利用生物修复安防的方法去除易燃危化品时具有如下优点:(1)危化污染物在原地被降解、清除,操作简便(2)快速降解可燃物,降低火灾风险;(3)就地处理,减少了排放物对周围环境的污染,避免了二次污染的产生;(4)较少的处理经费;(5)减少对灭火人员的危害。因此生物修复安防去险降污成为消防领域研究热点。
通过以上生物清洗和生物消防技术的结合,可以达到一举多得的功效。一种用于快速有效清洗表面油污,也能够高效灭火阻燃、促进废水中的油污快速降解的环保水基油污清洗剂,达到清洗、降危、除害、消防、生态修复多种功效为一体的综合作用。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供了一种兼具灭火功能的生物环保油污清洗剂及其制备方法与应用。
为了实现上述发明目的,本发明提供以下技术方案:
本发明提供了一种兼具灭火功能的生物环保油污清洗剂,包括如下质量份数的组分:
微生物0.1~2份、表面活性剂2~5份、生物酶0.1~3份、促溶剂4.5~12份、辅剂2~12.5份、水65.5~71.3份。
作为优选,包括如下质量份数的组分:
微生物0.5~1.5份、表面活性剂3~4份、生物酶1.1~2份、促溶剂6.5~10份、辅剂5~9.5份、水57.5~69.3份。
作为优选,包括如下质量份数的组分:
微生物1份、表面活性剂3.5份、生物酶1.55份、促溶剂8.25份、辅剂7.25份、水68.4份。
作为优选,所述微生物为芽孢杆菌。
作为优选,所述表面活性剂包括鼠李糖脂、槐糖脂和海藻糖脂中的一种或几种。
作为优选,所述生物酶包括脂肪酶、蛋白酶、淀粉酶和氧化酶中的一种或几种。
作为优选,所述促溶剂包括脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚、烷基葡糖苷、聚氧丙烯嵌段聚合物、十二烷基苯磺酸钠、烷基苯硫酸钠和咪唑啉和椰油酰胺丙基甜菜碱中的一种或几种。
所述辅剂包括偏硅酸钠、硅酸钠、磷脂酰乙醇胺、维生素、丙三醇、酵母粉和尿素中的一种或几种。
本发明还提供了所述的生物环保油污清洗剂的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
将微生物、表面活性剂、生物酶、促溶剂和辅剂溶解到水中制备得到生物环保油污清洗剂。
本发明还提供了所述的生物环保油污清洗剂在去除油污、灭火方面的应用;
所述生物环保油污清洗剂在去除油污时的使用方法为:将待清洗物料于稀释的生物环保油污清洗剂中反应5~15min;
所述稀释的倍数为2~33.3倍。
本发明提供了一种兼具灭火功能的生物环保油污清洗剂及其制备方法与应用。
本发明的清洗剂中所选的表面活性剂能协同作用,使本发明的生物环保油污清洗剂具有更优良的乳化分散特性,可以更快速的将油污剥离到水中,同时本发明的微生物菌剂和生物酶开始发挥作用,逐渐降解水中的油污,将有毒有害的油污降解成一些无毒无害或低毒低害的有机小分子,使其不会再对周边环境和生物造成污染毒害;
本发明的生物环保油污清洗剂具备快速高效、节能降耗、直接降污、环保减排等优点;
本发明的生物环保油污清洗剂还能够高效灭火阻燃除烟,使其达到清洗、降危、除害、消防、生态修复等多种功效为一体的综合作用。
附图说明
图1为对照水中油类组分的气相色谱检测结果。
图2为加入生物环保油污清洗剂培养24h后油类组分的气相色谱检测结果。
保藏说明
芽孢杆菌WB1,分类命名为芽孢杆菌Bacillus sp,保藏于中国微生物菌种保藏管理委员会普通微生物中心,地址为:北京市朝阳区北辰西路1号院3号,保藏编号为CGMCCNo.3669,保藏时间为2010年3月19日。
具体实施方式
本发明提供了一种兼具灭火功能的生物环保油污清洗剂,包括如下质量份数的组分:
微生物0.1~2份,优选为0.5~1.5份,进一步优选为1份;
表面活性剂2~5份,优选为3~4份,进一步优选为3.5份;
生物酶0.1~3份,优选为1.1~2份,进一步优选为1.55份;
促溶剂4.5~12份,优选为6.5~10份,进一步优选为8.25份;
辅剂2~12.5份,优选为5~9.5份,进一步优选为7.25份;
水65.5~71.3份,优选为67.5~69.4份,进一步优选为68.4份。
在本发明中,所述微生物为芽孢杆菌。
在本发明中,所述表面活性剂包括鼠李糖脂、槐糖脂和海藻糖脂中的一种或几种。
在本发明中,所述生物酶包括脂肪酶、蛋白酶、淀粉酶和氧化酶中的一种或几种。
在本发明中,所述促溶剂包括脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚、烷基葡糖苷、聚氧丙烯嵌段聚合物、十二烷基苯磺酸钠、烷基苯硫酸钠和咪唑啉和椰油酰胺丙基甜菜碱中的一种或几种。
在本发明中,所述辅剂包括偏硅酸钠、硅酸钠、磷脂酰乙醇胺、维生素、丙三醇、酵母粉和尿素中的一种或几种。
本发明还提供了所述的生物环保油污清洗剂的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
将微生物、表面活性剂、生物酶、促溶剂和辅剂溶解到水中制备得到生物环保油污清洗剂。
在本发明中所述溶解的顺序为:先将表面活性剂、生物酶和促溶剂溶解后,再将辅剂溶解,最后溶解微生物。
本发明还提供了所述的生物环保油污清洗剂在油污、灭火方面的应用;
所述生物环保油污清洗剂在去除油污时的使用方法为:将待清洗物料于稀释的生物环保油污清洗剂中反应5~15min,优选为10min;
所述稀释的倍数为2~33.3倍,优选为12~23.3倍,进一步优选为17.65倍。
在本发明中所述油污为金属表面油污、汽车发动机零部件表面的油污以及船甲板表面的油污。
下面结合实施例对本发明提供的技术方案进行详细的说明,但是不能把它们理解为对本发明保护范围的限定。
在本发明实施例中所述的芽孢杆菌为芽孢杆菌WB1,分类命名为芽孢杆菌Bacillus sp,保藏于中国微生物菌种保藏管理委员会普通微生物中心,地址为:北京市朝阳区北辰西路1号院3号,保藏编号为CGMCC No.3669,保藏时间为2010年3月19日。
实施例1
配制时先将配料罐用蒸馏水清洗干净,然后向其中加入6550g纯净蒸馏水,随后加入鼠李糖脂500g、脂肪酶100g、蛋白酶100g、淀粉酶100g、烷基葡糖苷500g、烷基苯硫酸钠200g,脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚500g,搅拌溶解后加入硅酸钠500g,维生素B110g,搅拌溶解后加入20g芽孢杆菌剂搅拌均匀得到生物环保油污清洗剂。
取生物环保油污清洗剂300mL,加入蒸馏水9700mL,得到稀释33.3倍的生物环保油污清洗剂,备用。
配制人造油污。将工业凡士林30g,20号机油34.5g,30号机油12g混合加热到20℃溶解混匀,倒入3.5g羊毛脂镁皂,8g石油磺酸钡,2g钙基脂和2g羊毛脂,在100℃条件下溶解,待完全溶解后加入8g三氧化二铝搅拌均匀,备用。
取尺寸为50mm×50mm×5mm的不锈钢钢片,用砂布将钢片打磨光亮后用脱脂棉擦净,吊挂在摆洗机S形钩上,浸入无水乙醇中,再用镊子夹脱脂棉擦洗。然后把钢片移至丙酮中漂洗,用热风吹干,存放于干燥器内备用。将准备好的钢片,用挂钩挂好,置于40℃的烘箱中干燥30min,冷却后准确称量,为22.0633克。将称量后的试片,平放在干净的滤纸上,用小刮刀或吸管摄取规定用油污,均匀地涂覆在试片无字一面上的规定部位,其余表面不涂覆,并将试片两侧和底边多余的油污用滤纸擦去。然后将涂好油污的试片用S形钩挂在试片架上,放入温度控制在40±2℃的恒温干燥箱中,干燥30min后取出,用滤纸擦去底边沾染的油污,于干燥器中冷却称量,为22.1308克。
在500mL烧杯中,倒入400mL配好的稀释33.3倍的生物环保油污清洗剂,然后将烧杯放置于摆洗机的水浴孔中,使清洗剂溶液温度保持在60℃。将携带油污的钢片夹持在摆洗机的摆架上,使钢片表面垂直于摆动方向。在清洗剂溶液中浸泡3min,然后开动摆洗机摆洗3min。摆洗机的摆动频率为40±2次/min。摆动距离为50±2mm。摆洗结束后,连同挂钩取出钢片,再在60℃,400mL的蒸馏水中摆洗30s,取下钢片,放入40℃的恒温箱内干燥2h。冷却至室温,称量,得到清洗后钢片的重量为22.0644克。根据公式计算净洗力。
净洗力%=[(携带油污的钢片的质量-清洗后钢片的重量)/(携带油污的钢片的质量-原钢片质量)]×100%。
经过计算得到生物环保油污清洗剂的净洗力能达到98.4%。
实施例2
先将配料罐用蒸馏水清洗干净,然后向其中加入6950g纯净水,随后加入槐糖脂500g、烷基葡糖苷1000g、聚氧丙烯嵌段聚合物30g,脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚20g、磷脂酰乙醇胺30g、咪唑啉50g,脂肪酶、氧化酶和淀粉酶各5g搅匀后,加入偏硅酸钠500g,丙三醇200g、酵母粉10g,尿素10g搅拌均匀后,再加入经过100g芽孢杆菌剂,搅拌均匀得到生物环保油污清洗剂。
将上述生物环保油污清洗剂稀释2倍后,得到稀释的清洗剂。将汽车发动机零部件浸泡于该稀释的清洗剂中,浸泡15min后,捞出,用刷子对表面黏附的油污进行轻轻刷洗,随后用少量清水对零部件进行表面清洗并用洁净的干布擦干。清洗后的汽车发动机零部件上没有任何油腻感觉。说明该生物环保油污清洗剂对汽车发动机零部件表面的油污有很好的清洗效果。
实施例3
先将配料罐用蒸馏水清洗干净,然后向其中加入713kg纯净蒸馏水,随后加入海藻糖脂20kg、咪唑啉5kg,椰油酰胺丙基甜菜碱5kg,脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚20kg,十二烷基苯磺酸钠15kg、脂肪酶1kg,搅拌溶解后,加入偏硅酸钠20kg,溶解均匀。之后加入15kg芽孢杆菌搅拌均匀,得到生物环保油污清洗剂。
将上述生物环保油污清洗剂稀释5倍后进行船甲板表面油污的清洗。清洗方法为:将稀释5倍的清洗剂用喷液器均匀地喷洒在待清洗船甲板油污表面,待保持反应5min后,用压力清洗机喷水冲洗干净即可。该清洗方法可以将船甲板表面的油污去除干净。说明本发明的生物环保油污清洗剂可以去除船甲板表面的油污。
实施例4
取本实施例1的生物环保油污清洗剂100mL,加入含有0.2g原油的100mL水内,置于30℃摇床上培养24h,转速为200rpm。以含有0.2g原油的100mL水为对照水。培养结束时,向培养液中加入石油醚,离心打破水包油乳液,有机相用颗粒状无水硫酸钠过滤脱水后置于预先恒重的烧杯中,室温氮气吹脱至恒重,分别采用重量法和气相色谱法测定培养液中残油含量。采用下面公式计算石油烃的生物降解率(A):A=(W0-W1/W0)×100%。
式中:W0为对照水中残油含量;W1为加入生物环保油污清洗剂的水培养24h后的残油含量。
对照水中油类组分的气相色谱检测结果如图1所示。
为加入生物环保油污清洗剂培养24h后油类组分的气相色谱检测结果如图2所示。
经过计算得出:培养24h后,加入生物环保油污清洗剂的水中石油烃的降解率达到70.3%,总石油烃中各种成分的含量显著降低,其中短链烷烃减少了95%,长链烷烃减少了72%,芳香烃减少了64%。
实施例5
按GB17835-2008水系灭火剂中规定的方法对实施例2得到的生物环保油污清洗剂进行灭火剂参数测定。实验结果如表1和表2所示。
表1生物环保油污清洗剂的理化性能
表2生物环保油污清洗剂的灭火性能
表1~2显示,本实施例得到的生物环保油污清洗剂的理化性质和灭火性能都达到了水系灭火剂的标准。
由以上实施例可知,本发明提供了一种兼具灭火功能的生物环保油污清洗剂及其制备方法与应用。利用本发明的方法可以显著去除金属表面、汽车发动机零部件表面以及船甲板表面的油污,还具有灭火功能。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式,应当指出,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明原理的前提下,还可以做出若干改进和润饰,这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。
Claims (10)
1.一种兼具灭火功能的生物环保油污清洗剂,其特征在于,包括如下质量份数的组分:
微生物0.1~2份、表面活性剂2~5份、生物酶0.1~3份、促溶剂4.5~12份、辅剂2~12.5份、水65.5~71.3份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的生物环保油污清洗剂,其特征在于,包括如下质量份数的组分:
微生物0.5~1.5份、表面活性剂3~4份、生物酶1.1~2份、促溶剂6.5~10份、辅剂5~9.5份、水67.5~69.3份。
3.根据权利要求2所述的生物环保油污清洗剂,其特征在于,包括如下质量份数的组分:
微生物1份、表面活性剂3.5份、生物酶1.55份、促溶剂8.25份、辅剂7.25份、水68.4份。
4.根据权利要求1~3任意一项所述的生物环保油污清洗剂,其特征在于,所述微生物为芽孢杆菌。
5.根据权利要求4所述的生物环保油污清洗剂,其特征在于,所述表面活性剂包括鼠李糖脂、槐糖脂和海藻糖脂中的一种或几种。
6.根据权利要求5所述的生物环保油污清洗剂,其特征在于,所述生物酶包括脂肪酶、蛋白酶、淀粉酶和氧化酶中的一种或几种。
7.根据权利要求6所述的生物环保油污清洗剂,其特征在于,所述促溶剂包括脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚、烷基葡糖苷、聚氧丙烯嵌段聚合物、十二烷基苯磺酸钠、烷基苯硫酸钠、咪唑啉和椰油酰胺丙基甜菜碱中的一种或几种。
8.根据权利要求7所述的生物环保油污清洗剂,其特征在于,所述辅剂包括偏硅酸钠、硅酸钠、磷脂酰乙醇胺、维生素、丙三醇、酵母粉和尿素中的一种或几种。
9.权利要求1~8任意一项所述的生物环保油污清洗剂的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
将微生物、表面活性剂、生物酶、促溶剂和辅剂溶解到水中制备得到。
10.权利要求1~8任意一项所述的生物环保油污清洗剂在去除油污、灭火方面的应用;
所述生物环保油污清洗剂在去除油污时的使用方法为:将待清洗物料于稀释的清洗剂中反应5~15min;
所述稀释的倍数为2~33.3倍。
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