CN114130355A - 活性碳纤维在制备气体吸附材料或制造碘过滤装置中的用途、气体吸附材料和碘过滤装置 - Google Patents
活性碳纤维在制备气体吸附材料或制造碘过滤装置中的用途、气体吸附材料和碘过滤装置 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN114130355A CN114130355A CN202111372388.4A CN202111372388A CN114130355A CN 114130355 A CN114130355 A CN 114130355A CN 202111372388 A CN202111372388 A CN 202111372388A CN 114130355 A CN114130355 A CN 114130355A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- activated carbon
- carbon fiber
- iodine
- gas
- use according
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical class C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 59
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 55
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 55
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 55
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims description 8
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 70
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 58
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- IMNIMPAHZVJRPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylenediamine Chemical compound C1CN2CCN1CC2 IMNIMPAHZVJRPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- VKYKSIONXSXAKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexamethylenetetramine Chemical compound C1N(C2)CN3CN1CN2C3 VKYKSIONXSXAKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- NLKNQRATVPKPDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium iodide Chemical compound [K+].[I-] NLKNQRATVPKPDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000002657 fibrous material Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000004312 hexamethylene tetramine Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000010299 hexamethylene tetramine Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- 229920002239 polyacrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920000297 Rayon Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003763 carbonization Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenol group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=C1)O ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 13
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- PNDPGZBMCMUPRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N iodine Chemical compound II PNDPGZBMCMUPRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 45
- 230000002285 radioactive effect Effects 0.000 description 12
- 230000004584 weight gain Effects 0.000 description 11
- 235000019786 weight gain Nutrition 0.000 description 11
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 4
- JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Zn+2] JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920006282 Phenolic fiber Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000010426 asphalt Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011592 zinc chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000005074 zinc chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 208000036626 Mental retardation Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000024770 Thyroid neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007705 chemical test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000536 complexating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000030159 metabolic disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003758 nuclear fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium hydroxide Substances [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000002901 radioactive waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 201000002510 thyroid cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
- B01J20/20—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising free carbon; comprising carbon obtained by carbonising processes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D39/00—Filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
- B01D39/02—Loose filtering material, e.g. loose fibres
- B01D39/06—Inorganic material, e.g. asbestos fibres, glass beads or fibres
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D46/00—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
- B01D46/30—Particle separators, e.g. dust precipitators, using loose filtering material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/02—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
- B01J20/04—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising compounds of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals or magnesium
- B01J20/046—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising compounds of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals or magnesium containing halogens, e.g. halides
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/22—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising organic material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J20/28014—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their form
- B01J20/28023—Fibres or filaments
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J20/28054—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J20/28054—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
- B01J20/28057—Surface area, e.g. B.E.T specific surface area
- B01J20/28064—Surface area, e.g. B.E.T specific surface area being in the range 500-1000 m2/g
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J20/28054—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
- B01J20/28057—Surface area, e.g. B.E.T specific surface area
- B01J20/28066—Surface area, e.g. B.E.T specific surface area being more than 1000 m2/g
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J20/28054—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
- B01J20/28069—Pore volume, e.g. total pore volume, mesopore volume, micropore volume
- B01J20/28073—Pore volume, e.g. total pore volume, mesopore volume, micropore volume being in the range 0.5-1.0 ml/g
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J20/28054—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
- B01J20/28069—Pore volume, e.g. total pore volume, mesopore volume, micropore volume
- B01J20/28076—Pore volume, e.g. total pore volume, mesopore volume, micropore volume being more than 1.0 ml/g
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J20/28054—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
- B01J20/28078—Pore diameter
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J20/28054—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
- B01J20/28078—Pore diameter
- B01J20/2808—Pore diameter being less than 2 nm, i.e. micropores or nanopores
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
- G21F9/00—Treating radioactively contaminated material; Decontamination arrangements therefor
- G21F9/02—Treating gases
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
- B01D2257/20—Halogens or halogen compounds
- B01D2257/202—Single element halogens
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Nanotechnology (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
- Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及一种活性碳纤维在制备气体吸附材料或者制造碘过滤装置中的用途、气体吸附材料和碘过滤装置,其中,活性碳纤维具有多孔结构,多孔结构包括直径不超过2nm的微孔以及其他孔径的孔,多孔结构中微孔的容积占多孔结构的总孔容积的65%‑95%。本发明通过使用微孔占比在65%‑95%的活性碳纤维作为原料制备气体吸附材料或者制造碘过滤装置,实现了通过对微孔比例的调控,降低了活性碳纤维对水汽的吸收,为气态碘的吸收提供了更充足的空间,增加了气体吸附材料或者碘过滤装置对气态碘的吸附效率。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及放射性废气处理技术领域,特别是涉及一种气活性碳纤维在制备气体吸附材料或制造碘过滤装置中的用途、气体吸附材料和碘过滤装置。
背景技术
核设施的运行及核燃料后处理等领域均会产生放射性碘,接触放射性碘会导致人体代谢紊乱、智力低下和甲状腺癌增加,因此,各领域的厂房通风系统及人员防护装备中均需要使用放射性碘过滤装置。目前放射性碘过滤装置一般采用活性炭作为吸附材料,但活性炭在高湿度条件下,容易吸附水汽,因而对气态碘的过滤效率不佳。
发明内容
基于此,有必要提供一种活性碳纤维在制备气体吸附材料或制造碘过滤装置中的用途、气体吸附材料和碘过滤装置,以改善水汽对气体吸附材料的吸附性能影响较大的情况。
本发明的第一方面,提供了一种活性碳纤维在制备气体吸附材料或制造碘过滤装置中的用途,活性碳纤维具有多孔结构,多孔结构包括直径不超过2nm的微孔以及其他孔径的孔,多孔结构中微孔的容积占多孔结构的总孔容积的65%-95%。
值得说明的是,本发明创造性地选择具有多孔结构的活性碳纤维作为气体吸附材料的原料,并通过控制活性碳纤维的微孔比例,降低了活性碳纤维对水汽的吸收,能够为气态碘的吸收提供更充足的空间,增加了气体吸附材料对气态碘的吸附效率。
本发明的一种实现方式中,活性碳纤维的总孔容积为0.6~1.2cc/g。
本发明的一种实现方式中,活性碳纤维的比表面积为500~2000m2/g。
本发明的一种实现方式中,活性碳纤维的表面分布有化学吸附剂,化学吸附剂包括六亚甲基四胺、三乙撑二胺以及碘化钾中的至少一种。
本发明的一种实现方式中,化学吸附剂和活性碳纤维的质量比为(0.01~0.15):1。
本发明的一种实现方式中,上述用途中使用的活性碳纤维的制备包括如下步骤:
将用于碳化和活化的纤维材料与活化剂升温至700-900℃,在恒温下于保护气氛中反应;
反应结束后将反应产物冷却至室温,并洗涤至中性;
其中,升温速率为5~10℃/min,恒温反应时间为1~2h。
本发明的一种实现方式中,纤维材料选自聚丙烯腈纤维、粘胶纤维、沥青纤维和酚醛纤维中的至少一种;
升温速率为5~10℃/min,恒温反应时间为1~2h。
本发明的第二方面,提供了一种气体吸附材料,其制备原料包括上述用途中使用的活性碳纤维。
本发明的第三方面,提供了一种碘过滤装置,含有上述用途中使用的活性碳纤维或者气体吸附材料。
本发明的一种实现方式中,碘过滤装置选自防毒面罩和空气净化器中的任意一种。
本发明提供了一种活性碳纤维在制备气体吸附材料或者碘过滤装置中的而用途,通过使用微孔占比在65%-95%的活性碳纤维作为气体吸附材料,实现了通过对微孔比例的调控,改善活性碳纤维表现出的水汽吸附情况,为高湿度环境下气态碘的吸收提供了更充足的空间,从而能够增加高湿度环境下活性碳纤维对气态碘的吸附效率。
具体实施方式
为了便于理解本发明,下面将通过实施例对本发明进行更全面的描述。但是,本发明可以以许多不同的形式来实现,并不限于本文所描述的实施例。相反地,提供这些实施例的目的是使对本发明的公开内容的理解更加透彻全面。
除非另有定义,本文所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本发明的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同。本文中在本发明的说明书中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施例的目的,不是旨在于限制本发明。本文所使用的术语“和/或”包括一个或多个相关的所列项目的任意的和所有的组合。
目前放射性碘过滤装置一般采用活性炭作为过滤材料,但活性炭容易吸附水汽,对气态碘的过滤效率不佳。
为了解决上述技术问题,提高对气态碘的吸附效果,发明人提供了一种活性碳纤维在制备气体吸附材料或者制造碘过滤装置中的用途,采用具有多孔结构的活性碳纤维作为气体过滤材料或者碘过滤装置的制备原料,可以理解的是,相比于活性炭,活性碳纤维具有较多的微孔,对水汽的吸附能力远低于颗粒活性炭,进一步,选择微孔孔容占多孔结构的总孔容容积的65%-95%的活性碳纤维制备气体吸附材料,通过调控活性碳纤维的微孔比例,能够使得活性碳纤维表现出更低的水汽吸附性能,为高湿度环境下气态碘的吸附提供了更充足的空间,从而能够增加活性碳纤维对气态碘的吸附效率,进而能够提高气体吸附材料或者碘过滤装置对气态碘的吸附。需要说明的是,微孔孔容是指活性碳纤维的多孔结构中分布的分微孔的容积,也即微孔的体积,多孔结构的总孔容容积也即活性碳纤维表面分布的所以孔洞的总容积。
在一些实施方案中,活性碳纤维的总孔容积为0.6~1.2cc/g,优选为0.9~1.2cc/g,更优选为1.0cc/g或者1.1cc/g,较大的孔容可以提供更多的吸附空间,延长吸附材料的使用寿命。
在一些实施方案中,活性碳纤维的比表面积为500~2000m2/g,更优选为900~1800m2/g,更优选为1000m2/g,1200m2/g,1400m2/g,1600m2/g,比表面积越大,气体吸附材料的吸附能力越强。
在一些实施方案中,化学吸附剂和活性碳纤维的质量比为0.01~0.15,优选为0.04~0.1,更有选为0.05,0.06或者0.08。
在一些实施方案中,活性碳纤维上浸渍有化学吸附剂,化学吸附剂包括六亚甲基四胺、三乙撑二胺、碘化钾中的至少一种。
在一些具体实施方案中,化学吸附剂包括六亚甲基四胺、三乙撑二胺、碘化钾,其中,六亚甲基四胺独特的分子结构具有挥发性低和闪点高的特点,浸渍吸附在活性碳纤维上,能够增加气体吸附材料的着火点,提高气体吸附材料的安全性;此外,六亚甲基四胺具有四个氨基,对有机碘具有较强的络合能力,因而能够实现在保持吸附效率的情况下提高吸附材料的着火点。
在一些实施方案中,上述用途中使用的活性碳纤维的制备包括如下步骤:
将用于碳化和活化的纤维材料与活化剂升温至700-900℃,在恒温下于保护气氛中反应;
反应结束后将反应产物冷却至室温,并洗涤至中性;
其中,升温速率为5~10℃/min,恒温反应时间为1~2h;。
一些优选实施方案中,升温速率为5~10℃/min,优选为7~10℃/min,恒温反应时间为1~2h,优选为1.5h。
一些具体实施方案中,为了达到更好的活化性能和吸附效果,活性碳纤维选自聚丙烯腈纤维、粘胶纤维、沥青纤维或酚醛纤维中的至少一种纤维材料中的至少一种,纤维材料和活化剂的质量比为(1~3):7,活化剂采用KOH和氯化锌。
在一些具体实施方案中,KOH、氯化锌和纤维材料的质量比为2:5:1,以使得活性碳纤维达到较佳的活化性能。
本发明的第二方面,提供了一种气体吸附材料,其制备原料包括上述用途中使用的活性碳纤维,具体地,气体吸附材料可以为活性碳纤维毡。
在一些具体实施方案中,活性碳纤维毡的厚度为3-5mm,优选为4mm。
在一些实施方案中,气体吸附材料通过将活性碳纤维进行化学浸渍得到,以用于在活性碳纤维表面附着碘吸附剂,增加活性碳纤维对碘的吸附效果。本实施例通过对活性碳纤维孔径的调控,改善了活性碳纤维表现出的水汽吸附性能,为吸附气态碘提供更多的吸附空间,浸渍化学吸附剂后,对碘的吸附效率可以达到85%-99.99%。
在一些实施方案中,制备气体吸附材料包括化学浸渍步骤,化学浸渍步骤具体包括:将活性碳纤维和化学吸附剂按照一定的质量比混合浸渍并烘干,得到气体吸附材料。
在一些具体实施方案中,活性碳纤维材料和化学吸附剂的质量比为0.01~0.15,浸渍时间为30~60min,优选为50min,以使得气体吸附材料达到较佳的吸附效果。
本发明的第三方面,提供了一种碘过滤装置,含有上述用途中使用的活性碳纤维或者气体吸附材料。
本发明的一种实现方式中,碘过滤装置选自防毒面罩和空气净化器中的任意一种。
下面将结合实施例对本发明的实施方案进行详细描述。
实施例1活性碳纤维材料的吸附测试
对具有不同微孔占比的活性碳纤维在同等流量、不同湿度空气下进行吸附测试,测得不同微孔占比下,活性碳纤维的增重情况,具体如表1所示,其中,微孔占比是指活性碳纤维具有的多孔结构中,微孔的孔容占总孔容的比例。
表1
微孔占比 | 相对湿度40% | 相对湿度60% | 相对湿度90% |
30% | 吸附增重4.21g | 吸附增重5.05g | 吸附增重7.17g |
50% | 吸附增重4.06g | 吸附增重4.63g | 吸附增重6.48g |
65% | 吸附增重3.59g | 吸附增重3.84g | 吸附增重4.23g |
95% | 吸附增重3.28g | 吸附增重3.31g | 吸附增重3.32g |
根据上述实验结果可知,活性碳纤维上存在有大量微孔,易吸附气相和液相小分子物质,当微孔占比在30%-50%时,随着微孔占比的增加,活性碳纤维对水汽的吸附也随之增加,但当微孔占比达到65%以上时,活性碳纤维对水汽的吸附反而减小,在微孔占比为65%-95%范围内,活性碳纤维对水汽的吸附程度较低。
由此可知,本实施例通过微孔占比的调控,可以降低活性碳纤维对水汽的吸收情况,使得活性碳纤维表现出更好的气体吸附性能,进而,可以理解的是,可以减少气体吸附材料对水汽的吸收量,从而为气体吸附材料在高湿条件下吸附气态碘提供更充足的空间,在高湿环境下获得更好的碘吸附效果。
实施例2聚丙烯腈基浸渍活性碳纤维气体吸附材料
用聚丙烯腈纤维经KOH高温活化法制得比表面积1200-1600m2/g的活性炭纤维,微孔分布占比为85%~90%,孔容为0.8~1cc/g,制成厚度3-4mm的毡状纤维,用KI/三乙撑二胺混合溶液浸渍后烘干,使得浸渍剂质量占比约5%,得到放射性碘吸附材料。
实施例3沥青基浸渍活性碳纤维气体吸附材料
用沥青纤维经水蒸气高温活化法制得比表面积1000-1500m2/g的碳纤维,微孔分布占比为80%~90%,孔容为0.7~0.9cc/g,制成厚度3-5mm的纤维毡,用KI/六亚甲基四胺混合液浸渍后烘干,使得浸渍剂质量占比为4%~8%,得到放射性碘吸附材料。
实施例4聚丙烯腈基浸渍活性碳纤维气体吸附材料
用聚丙烯腈纤维经水蒸气高温活化法制得比表面积1000-1600m2/g的活性炭纤维,微孔分布占比为80%~90%,孔容为0.8~1.1,制成厚度3-4mm的毡状纤维,用三乙撑二胺溶液浸渍后烘干,使得浸渍剂质量占比约5%,得到放射性碘吸附材料。
实施例5沥青基浸渍活性碳纤维气体吸附材料
用沥青纤维经水蒸气高温活化法制得比表面积1000-1500m2/g的碳纤维,微孔分布占比为80%~90%,孔容为0.7~0.9cc/g,制成厚度3-5mm的纤维毡,用六亚甲基四胺溶液浸渍后烘干,使得浸渍剂质量占比为4%~8%,得到放射性碘吸附材料。
实施例6聚丙烯腈基浸渍活性炭纤维气体吸附材料
用聚丙烯腈纤维经水蒸气高温活化法制得比表面积1000-1600m2/g的活性炭纤维,微孔分布占比为80%~90%,孔容为0.8~1.1cc/g,制成厚度3-4mm的毡状纤维,用KI/三乙撑二胺/六亚甲基四胺混合溶液浸渍后烘干,使得浸渍剂质量占比约5%,得到放射性碘吸附材料。
对比例1未经化学浸渍的活性碳纤维材料
用聚丙烯腈纤维经KOH高温活化法制得比表面积1200-1600m2/g的活性炭纤维,微孔分布占比为85%~90%,孔容为0.8~1cc/g,制成厚度3-4mm的毡状纤维,得到放射性碘吸附材料。
实施例2~6的气体吸附材料以及对比例1制备的活性碳纤维材料按照ASTM D3803标准执行碘吸附化学测试,测得的吸附效果如表2所示。
表2
着火点(℃) | 吸附效率 | |
实施例2 | 412 | 99.36 |
实施例4 | 392 | 99.27 |
实施例6 | 423 | 99.32 |
对比例1 | 460 | 89.614 |
根据实施例2~6的气体吸附材料以及对比例1制备的活性碳纤维的碘吸附效果对比可知,本实施例经微孔调控后的活性碳纤维浸渍化学试剂后具有较佳的碘吸附效果,吸附效率可以达到89%-99%。
根据实施例2和实施例4的实验数据可知,KI和三乙撑二胺组合使用,相比于单独使用三乙撑二胺作为碘化学吸附剂,能够增加活性气体吸附材料的着火点,提高气体吸附材料使用的安全性;根据实施例2和实施例6的实验数据可知,将KI、三乙撑二胺和六亚甲基四胺组合使用,相比于KI和三乙撑二胺组合使用,能够进一步气体吸附材料的着火点,增加气体吸附材料使用的安全性。
以上实施例的各技术特征可以进行任意的组合,为使描述简洁,未对上述实施例中的各个技术特征所有可能的组合都进行描述,然而,只要这些技术特征的组合不存在矛盾,都应当认为是本说明书记载的范围。
以上实施例仅表达了本发明的几种实施方式,其描述较为具体和详细,但并不能因此而理解为对发明专利范围的限制。应当指出的是,对于本领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明构思的前提下,还可以做出若干变形和改进,这些都属于本发明的保护范围。因此,本发明专利的保护范围应以所附权利要求为准。
Claims (10)
1.活性碳纤维在制备气体吸附材料或制造碘过滤装置中的用途,所述活性碳纤维具有多孔结构,所述多孔结构包括直径不超过2nm的微孔以及其他孔径的孔,所述多孔结构中微孔的容积占多孔结构的总孔容积的65%-95%。
2.根据权利要求1所述的用途,其特征在于,所述活性碳纤维的总孔容积为0.6~1.2cc/g。
3.根据权利要求2所述的用途,其特征在于,所述活性碳纤维的比表面积为500~2000m2/g。
4.根据权利要求3所述的用途,其特征在于,所述活性碳纤维的表面分布有化学吸附剂,所述化学吸附剂包括六亚甲基四胺、三乙撑二胺以及碘化钾中的至少一种。
5.如权利要求4所述的用途,其特征在于,所述化学吸附剂和所述活性碳纤维的质量比为(0.01~0.15):1。
6.根据权利要求1-5任一项所述的用途,其特征在于,所述活性碳纤维的制备包括如下步骤:
将用于碳化和活化的纤维材料与活化剂升温至700-900℃,在恒温下于保护气氛中反应;
反应结束后将反应产物冷却至室温,并洗涤至中性;
其中,升温速率为5~10℃/min,恒温反应时间为1~2h。
7.如权利要求6所述的用途,其特征在于,所述纤维材料包括聚丙烯腈纤维、粘胶纤维、沥青纤维和酚醛纤维中的至少一种。
8.一种气体吸附材料,其特征在于,其制备原料包含权利要求1~7任一项所述的用途所使用的活性碳纤维。
9.一种碘过滤装置,其特征在于,含有权利要求1~7任一项所述的用途所使用的活性碳纤维或权利要求8所述的气体吸附材料。
10.根据权利要求9所述的碘过滤装置,其特征在于,所述碘过滤装置选自防毒面罩和空气净化器中的任意一种。
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN202111372388.4A CN114130355B (zh) | 2021-11-18 | 2021-11-18 | 活性碳纤维在制备气体吸附材料或制造碘过滤装置中的用途、气体吸附材料和碘过滤装置 |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN202111372388.4A CN114130355B (zh) | 2021-11-18 | 2021-11-18 | 活性碳纤维在制备气体吸附材料或制造碘过滤装置中的用途、气体吸附材料和碘过滤装置 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN114130355A true CN114130355A (zh) | 2022-03-04 |
CN114130355B CN114130355B (zh) | 2024-05-03 |
Family
ID=80390463
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN202111372388.4A Active CN114130355B (zh) | 2021-11-18 | 2021-11-18 | 活性碳纤维在制备气体吸附材料或制造碘过滤装置中的用途、气体吸附材料和碘过滤装置 |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
CN (1) | CN114130355B (zh) |
Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN102140709A (zh) * | 2011-01-27 | 2011-08-03 | 济南大学 | 一种多微孔活性炭纤维及其制备方法 |
CN103252214A (zh) * | 2013-05-21 | 2013-08-21 | 济南大学 | 活性炭纤维、分级多孔Ni-Ni3P/活性炭纤维复合材料以及它们的制备和应用 |
CN103920460A (zh) * | 2014-04-11 | 2014-07-16 | 武汉理工大学 | 一种高性能生物质活性炭纤维的制备方法 |
CN108722175A (zh) * | 2018-05-23 | 2018-11-02 | 厦门恒绿环保工业有限公司 | 挥发性有机废气处理系统及方法 |
CN110073444A (zh) * | 2016-12-15 | 2019-07-30 | 东洋纺株式会社 | 放射性物质去除过滤器、使用其的放射性物质去除过滤器单元及放射性物质的去除方法 |
JP2020117824A (ja) * | 2019-01-22 | 2020-08-06 | 日本製紙株式会社 | 活性炭素繊維材料 |
CN113060726A (zh) * | 2021-03-25 | 2021-07-02 | 河南理工大学 | 一种粘胶基含氮活性碳纤维材料及其制备方法和应用 |
-
2021
- 2021-11-18 CN CN202111372388.4A patent/CN114130355B/zh active Active
Patent Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN102140709A (zh) * | 2011-01-27 | 2011-08-03 | 济南大学 | 一种多微孔活性炭纤维及其制备方法 |
CN103252214A (zh) * | 2013-05-21 | 2013-08-21 | 济南大学 | 活性炭纤维、分级多孔Ni-Ni3P/活性炭纤维复合材料以及它们的制备和应用 |
CN103920460A (zh) * | 2014-04-11 | 2014-07-16 | 武汉理工大学 | 一种高性能生物质活性炭纤维的制备方法 |
CN110073444A (zh) * | 2016-12-15 | 2019-07-30 | 东洋纺株式会社 | 放射性物质去除过滤器、使用其的放射性物质去除过滤器单元及放射性物质的去除方法 |
CN108722175A (zh) * | 2018-05-23 | 2018-11-02 | 厦门恒绿环保工业有限公司 | 挥发性有机废气处理系统及方法 |
JP2020117824A (ja) * | 2019-01-22 | 2020-08-06 | 日本製紙株式会社 | 活性炭素繊維材料 |
CN113060726A (zh) * | 2021-03-25 | 2021-07-02 | 河南理工大学 | 一种粘胶基含氮活性碳纤维材料及其制备方法和应用 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN114130355B (zh) | 2024-05-03 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
Hina et al. | Preparation and performance comparison of cellulose-based activated carbon fibres | |
US20070021300A1 (en) | Process for the production of activated carbon | |
Tripathi et al. | Activated Carbon Fabric: An Adsorbent Material for Chemical Protective Clothing. | |
JP5428857B2 (ja) | 脱臭性繊維構造物およびエアフィルター | |
CN113103680A (zh) | 抗菌净化调湿的硅藻布 | |
CN112154264B (zh) | 汽车吸附罐用活性碳纤维片材 | |
KR101918652B1 (ko) | 포름알데히드 가스 제거용 활성탄소 및 그 제조방법 | |
CN110461372B (zh) | 空气净化用活性炭片材 | |
KR20130091115A (ko) | 공기 정화용 복합 필터 | |
KR102039512B1 (ko) | 유해공기 정화용 필터 | |
KR20150050419A (ko) | 활성탄소섬유 및 그 제조방법 | |
CN110404576A (zh) | 三维大孔-介孔复合结构的自支撑Fe-N-C纳米电催化剂材料及其制备方法 | |
KR102056435B1 (ko) | Butane 흡착능이 개선된 활성탄 및 이의 제조방법 | |
US20200139342A1 (en) | Metal-organic framework, method for preparing the same, and adsorption device employing the same | |
Wang et al. | Activated carbon fibers prepared by one-step activation with cucl2 for highly efficient gas adsorption | |
CN109158094B (zh) | 一种基于mof材料的纸基吸附材料的制备方法 | |
CN114130355B (zh) | 活性碳纤维在制备气体吸附材料或制造碘过滤装置中的用途、气体吸附材料和碘过滤装置 | |
JP7229788B2 (ja) | 活性炭素繊維材料 | |
JP2020078787A (ja) | フィルタ | |
KR101600516B1 (ko) | 공기정화용 카본블록 필터 조성물 및 이를 이용한 카본블록 필터. | |
JPS6155611B2 (zh) | ||
RU2736950C1 (ru) | Способ получения модифицированных сорбирующих углеродных материалов на основе активного угля фас-э и активированного нетканого материала "карбопон-актив" с закрепленными гранулами резорцин-формальдегидного аэрогеля | |
KR20210021451A (ko) | 활성탄 | |
KR102005016B1 (ko) | 알데히드류 가스 제거용 활성탄소의 제조방법 | |
WO2024090205A1 (ja) | ガス吸着剤ならびにそれを用いたガス吸着シート、濾材およびエアフィルター |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PB01 | Publication | ||
PB01 | Publication | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
GR01 | Patent grant | ||
GR01 | Patent grant |