CN114114424A - Micro-logging interpretation of associated monitoring records and method for establishing result diagram - Google Patents
Micro-logging interpretation of associated monitoring records and method for establishing result diagram Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for micro-logging interpretation of associated monitoring records and establishment of a result chart, which comprises the following steps: (1) acquiring seismic wave recording data of a common receiving point seismic gather for micro-logging interpretation; (2) interpretation of microlog: (2.1) generating a correlation image of the time-depth line segment and the micro-logging monitoring record, wherein the correlation image simultaneously has a seismic wave image and a time-depth line segment of each seismic channel of the common receiving point seismic gather; (2.2) obtaining the stratum speed according to the slope of the time-depth line segment, and further obtaining the corresponding relation between the stratum depth and the stratum speed; (3) and generating a micro-logging interpretation result map of the associated monitoring records. The invention makes the comparison of the variation characteristics of the excitation waveform at different depths of the micro-logging more clear, and the micro-logging interpretation is more intuitive, simple and fine, and has important significance for well depth design, static correction and seismic data quality improvement in seismic acquisition construction.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for interpreting micro-logging and establishing a result map, belonging to the technical field of oil-gas geological exploration.
Background
Micro-logging belongs to a method for solving surface geophysical parameters in seismic exploration, and is generally divided into borehole micro-logging (borehole excitation ground reception) and ground micro-logging (ground excitation ground reception), and the interpretation methods of the two are basically consistent.
Taking micro-logging in a well as an example, the micro-logging construction is shown in fig. 1, a well which passes through a low-speed layer and a deceleration layer and reaches the high-speed layer is drilled on the ground, a cable provided with detonators is placed in the well along a straight line passing through a well head central point o, the detonators are arranged on the cable at set intervals, so that excitation points formed by the detonators are arranged in the well from shallow depth to deep depth, the distance between each excitation point and the well head central point is an excitation depth H, the distance between adjacent excitation points is an excitation point distance, and the excitation points in fig. 1 are points vertically arranged downwards from the o point.
And arranging a geophone near a wellhead of the earth surface, wherein the geophone forms a geophone point, and the geophone point is used for receiving seismic waves generated by explosion of the excitation point and recording the seismic waves as seismic wave monitoring records. The number of the detection points is usually 3-12, and the distance between the detection points and the center point of the wellhead is a well detection distance d (namely an offset distance), and is usually 1-6 m. The detector layout pattern typically has a straight, right-angled, fan-shaped or cross-shaped pattern, depending on the relief of the surface, and in fig. 1 the points are arranged in a straight line along the horizontal direction.
One purpose of microblogging interpretation is to obtain the propagation velocity of seismic waves in formations at different depths (i.e., seismic wave velocity, the same applies below), and thus identify the medium, thickness, and compartmentalization of each formation. The basic principle is as follows:
first, when excitation points are excited from deep to shallow, if the propagation velocities of seismic waves generated by some excitation points distributed continuously in depth in the formations nearby the seismic waves are consistent, the formation media at the depths of the excitation points should be consistent, so as to divide the various "velocity layers".
Secondly, the seismic wave velocity V cannot be directly acquired, the geophone can only acquire seismic wave data of the amplitude of the seismic wave changing along with time, so as to generate a seismic wave image (as shown in fig. 2 and 3), and the time of the initial seismic wave generated by the excitation point at the excitation time reaching the geophone point, namely the geophone point initial arrival time t, can be 'picked up' on the seismic wave image through image recognition (manual or software processing). The pick-up principle is as follows:
first, a display of the micro-log monitoring record is obtained. In the construction process of micro-logging, the geophone records seismic wave signal data from the moment of excitation of an excitation point, seismic waves generated by explosion of each excitation point are monitored and recorded by seismic waves received and recorded by one detection point, and are called as a seismic channel, and channel numbers are arranged for distinguishing. A display of the microlog monitoring record obtained using microlog interpretation software (e.g., klsei) is shown in fig. 2. The micro-logging construction shown in fig. 2 has 28 excitation points and 5 detection points. The ordinate is time, the seismic channels are firstly arranged according to the depth of the excitation points from shallow to deep (from left to right in the figure), and each excitation point is arranged according to the channel number of the No. 1-5 demodulator probe.
It should be noted that, in order to facilitate the identification of the first arrival time, the existing micro-logging interpretation software displays the seismic wave image by using the method of "amplitude amplification and threshold removal", that is, the amplitude of the seismic wave is first amplified to make the first waveform more obvious, so that the time when the first wave occurs can be better identified, but after the amplitude is amplified, the width (left and right directions in fig. 2) of the seismic wave image becomes larger, the interval between adjacent seismic channels is equal at time 0, waves with excessive amplitudes overlap each other to affect the observation, and therefore, an amplitude threshold is set, and the amplitude portion of the waves exceeding the threshold is removed and displayed as the threshold, such as the portions where the peaks and the troughs in the seismic wave image are straight lines in fig. 2 and 3.
After the display of the micro-logging monitoring record, the 'first wave' of each seismic wave image is identified, the starting position of the 'first wave' is found and marked on the seismic wave image, and then the 'picking up' of the initial arrival time of the wave detection point is completed. The first arrival time of the picked-up demodulator probes in FIG. 2 is marked with an "|".
In addition, after the first arrival time is picked up in the interface of fig. 2, the same received trace data may be extracted from 28 common excitation point trace sets to form 5 common receiving point trace sets, i.e., "drawing traces", where there are 28 traces in each common receiving point trace set, and each trace represents the recording of excitation points at different depths of the same geophone, respectively, as shown in fig. 3, which is a display diagram of the microlog monitoring record of "drawing trace display". However, in the existing software, the interface of fig. 3 can only perform "track-drawing display" and cannot perform the operation of picking up the first arrival time.
Thirdly, after the first arrival time of the detection point is obtained, according to the pythagorean theorem, the distance between the detection point and the excitation point, namely the shot-geophone distance, can be obtained by using the excitation depth H and the well-geophone distance d, so that the following formula is provided:
wherein T is the "wellhead first arrival time" at which the initial seismic wave generated by the excitation point at the excitation time arrives at the wellhead center point, that is, the time for the initial seismic wave to propagate to the wellhead center point along the depth direction, and since the distance between each demodulation point and the excitation point is not extended along the depth direction, the first arrival time T at the demodulation point needs to be converted (corrected) into the wellhead first arrival time T, and the conversion adopts the formula derived from the above formula for correcting each first arrival time:
the entry of parameter H, d in the microlog interpretation software automatically corrects T to T, and the corrected wellhead first arrival time is marked with an "x" in the microlog interpretation interface of fig. 4.
Fourthly, according to the well mouth first arrival time T obtained in the above, the stratum can be explained in a time and depth coordinate system of micro logging interpretation software, as shown in an explanation interface of FIG. 4, the abscissa is time, the ordinate is depth, each X point in the diagram corresponds to each excitation point and its first arrival time (the abscissa of the point is the well mouth first arrival time T of the excitation point, and the ordinate is the excitation depth H), the points are connected into line segments, because errors cannot be avoided, an operator chooses points according to the overall trend and experience of the points when connecting the lines, the positions of the line and the point can be manually adjusted, as shown in FIG. 4, some points are outside the line segments. The slope of the line segment represents the velocity of the velocity layer, and as can be seen from the description of the first principle, the seismic wave velocity in the same velocity layer is equal, and a plurality of velocity layers can be defined according to the ordinate (depth) corresponding to the intersection point of adjacent line segments, and in fig. 5, there are three velocity layers, namely, a low velocity layer (300m/s), a deceleration layer (1300m/s), and a high velocity layer (2033 m/s).
And then a micro-logging interpretation result chart as shown in fig. 5 can be established, wherein the thickness of each velocity zone is calculated according to the length of each line segment in the vertical direction, and the medium type of the velocity zone can be obtained by combining geological exploration.
In summary, the conventional micro-logging interpretation method can be summarized into two steps, wherein in the first step, a micro-logging monitoring record display graph (fig. 2 and 3) is used, the first arrival time of a wave detection point is picked up on a pickup interface, and is converted into the first arrival time of a wellhead through calculation; and secondly, entering a micro-logging interpretation interface (figure 4), marking each point in a time-depth coordinate system according to the corresponding relation between the corrected first arrival time and the excitation depth of the excitation point, further drawing a line segment by connecting lines, and dividing a speed layer according to the slope of the line segment.
The above explanation process has the following drawbacks:
1. first arrival time pickup accuracy is not high.
It can be known from the introduction of the micro-logging principle that the initial arrival time of the detection point is based on the identification of the seismic wave image, the quality of the seismic wave image has a great influence on the accuracy of the micro-logging interpretation result, but the wave form display is incomplete and the change characteristic is not obvious after the wave crest and the wave trough of the seismic wave image are cut off under the influence of measures of amplitude amplification and threshold cutting.
On the one hand, as shown in fig. 3, the diagram of the micro-logging monitoring record after the trace extraction is shown, the seismic traces are displayed according to the depth sequence of the excitation points, and the adjacent traces are arranged at equal intervals at the starting point, because the waveforms are not completely displayed and the change characteristics are not obvious, when the first arrival time is picked up, the amplitude and the frequency of the waveforms of the adjacent traces are not high in contrast and have no obvious difference, the change rule of the seismic waves is difficult to be compared from the depth arrangement direction of the excitation points, the diagram cannot be used for distinguishing different stratums, and the first arrival time pickup cannot be guided.
On the other hand, in actual construction, due to wind blowing, artificial interference, mutual inductance of an internal circuit of the geophone and the like, the initial value of the geophone before the initial seismic wave signal is received is often not an ideal 0 value, and the interference can randomly occur along with different geophones and different placement positions of the geophone and cannot be completely avoided. Due to the "amplitude amplification and threshold removal" measure, the interference noise is sometimes amplified above the threshold and becomes a first arrival artifact, such as the first wave of trace 28 in fig. 3, which causes the first arrival artifact.
2. The contrast of the final interpretation result and the monitoring record chart is not high, and the artificial modification of the first arrival time is difficult to find, so that the interpretation result is wrong.
In the interpretation process, some seismic waveforms of some seismic traces are abnormal on the monitoring recording chart, and after the situation occurs, due to the fact that the monitoring recording is complicated, time and labor are consumed for manual inspection, illegal operations of manually modifying the first arrival time and trying to make the interpretation result ideal occur. In the micro-logging interpretation interface, the situation that a certain point deviates from the overall trend of adjacent points may occur, and the first arrival time may also be modified manually.
As can be seen from the above description of the micro-logging interpretation process, the first arrival time of the pickup probe and the micro-logging interpretation are performed separately, the working interfaces are different, the working contents are also different, and only the interpretation interface in the final interpretation result diagram has no seismic image. Therefore, the comparison analysis and the inspection of each seismic wave image cannot be intuitively carried out on the interpretation interface and the final interpretation result diagram.
The operation of manually modifying the first arrival time will be difficult to find. Especially, under the condition that the shot points are more and deeper arranged along the excitation depth, the difference of the waveform change rules of adjacent channels is smaller due to the increase of the number of seismic channels, so that the condition of artificially modifying the first arrival time is more difficult to find, and the final interpretation result is wrong.
In conclusion, with the increasing of exploration difficulty of seismic blocks and the deepening of exploration degree, surface structure investigation becomes more and more precise, the existing micro-logging interpretation method is difficult to meet the higher requirements on micro-logging construction and data interpretation precision,
disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for interpreting micro-logging of associated monitoring records and establishing a result graph so as to improve the accuracy of the micro-logging.
To solve the above technical problem, a method for interpreting micro-logs associated with monitoring records and establishing a result chart is provided, which comprises the following steps:
(1) acquiring seismic wave recording data of a common receiving point seismic gather for micro-logging interpretation;
(2) interpretation of microlog:
(2.1) establishing a coordinate system, wherein the coordinate system is a time-depth coordinate system of a plane rectangular coordinate, the ordinate is depth, and the abscissa is time; generating a correlation image of a time-depth line segment and a micro-logging monitoring record correlation in the coordinate system based on the seismic wave recording data of the common receiving point seismic gather, wherein the correlation image simultaneously has a seismic wave image and a time-depth line segment of each seismic channel of the common receiving point seismic gather;
the seismic wave images of all seismic channels of the common receiving point seismic channel set are obtained by reproducing the seismic wave recording data in the coordinate system and longitudinally arranging the seismic wave recording data according to the excitation depth corresponding to all seismic channels from shallow to deep; meanwhile, the area of each seismic channel for displaying the seismic wave image is divided into a wave crest display area and a wave trough display area by taking a transverse straight line passing through the time starting point of the seismic channel as a boundary, the amplitude of the seismic wave image on the transverse straight line is 0, the wave crest display area and the wave trough display area respectively have upward display width and downward display width, and the vertical coordinate is provided with a set scale so that the upward display width of each seismic channel is in direct proportion to the distance between the seismic channel and the excitation point of the upward adjacent seismic channel, and the downward display width of each seismic channel is in direct proportion to the distance between the seismic channel and the excitation point of the downward adjacent seismic channel; the excitation point distance is the actual distance of the adjacent excitation points in the depth direction; meanwhile, according to the size of the upward and downward display width, all the waveforms of each seismic channel are displayed as a target, and at least one of the scale, the amplitude scaling of the waveforms of each seismic channel and the amplitude threshold value is adjusted, so that the waveform of each seismic channel can be displayed in the area constrained by the upward and downward display width as much as possible;
the time-depth line segment is obtained by picking up wellhead first-arrival time points on seismic wave images of the seismic channels, marking the seismic wave images, and fitting the wellhead first-arrival time points into line segments; the wellhead first-arrival time point is obtained by picking up seismic wave images of each seismic channel according to wellhead first-arrival time, the wellhead first-arrival time is converted from wave detection point first-arrival time according to the excitation depth and well detection distance of each seismic channel, the wave detection point first-arrival time is obtained by picking up wave detection point first-arrival time points of the seismic wave images of each seismic channel, and the wave detection point first-arrival time represents the time when the geophone initially receives seismic waves;
(2.2) acquiring the stratum velocity of the stratum where the excitation point of each seismic channel is located according to the slope of the time-depth line segment, and acquiring the corresponding relation between the stratum depth and the stratum velocity according to the corresponding relation between the excitation depth corresponding to the seismic channel and the stratum velocity;
(3) and generating a micro-logging interpretation result diagram of the associated monitoring record according to the corresponding relation between the depth of the stratum and the speed of the stratum, wherein the micro-logging interpretation result diagram comprises the associated image.
Further, the step (1) includes the step of selecting a common reception point seismic gather from the seismic wave monitoring data:
(1.1) extracting and numbering a common receiving point seismic channel set corresponding to each geophone according to the geophone number from the seismic wave monitoring data;
(1.2) displaying the seismic wave recording data of each common receiving point seismic gather as a micro-logging monitoring recording display graph; picking up and marking a wave detection point first-break time point on a seismic wave image of each seismic channel displayed by a micro-logging monitoring record, wherein the wave detection point first-break time represents the time when the geophone initially receives seismic waves;
(1.3) according to the display diagram of the micro-logging monitoring record marked with the first arrival time point of the wave detection point, preferably, the micro-logging monitoring record display diagram which displays the seismic wave image and has small background interference and crisp waveform jump at the first arrival time point of the wave detection point, and taking the selected seismic gather corresponding to the display diagram of the micro-logging monitoring record as the common receiving point seismic gather used for generating the correlation image in the step (2).
Furthermore, the ordinate of the display image of the micro-logging monitoring record is depth, the abscissa is time, each seismic channel is longitudinally arranged from shallow to deep according to the excitation depth, meanwhile, the area of each seismic channel for displaying the seismic wave image is bounded by a transverse straight line passing through the time starting point of the seismic channel and can be divided into a wave crest display area and a wave trough display area, the amplitude of the seismic wave image on the transverse straight line is 0, the wave crest display area and the wave trough display area respectively have upward display width and downward display width, the ordinate has a set scale, so that the upward display width of each seismic channel is in direct proportion to the excitation point distance of the seismic channel and the upward adjacent seismic channel, and the downward display width of each seismic channel is in direct proportion to the excitation point distance of the seismic channel and the downward adjacent seismic channel; the excitation point distance is the actual distance of the adjacent excitation points in the depth direction; and simultaneously, according to the sizes of the upward and downward display widths, all the waveforms of each seismic channel are displayed as a target, and at least one of the scale, the amplitude scaling of the waveforms of each seismic channel and the amplitude threshold value is adjusted, so that the waveform of each seismic channel can be displayed in the area constrained by the upward and downward display widths as much as possible.
Further, in the process of fitting a line segment from the wellhead first arrival time point, waveform comparison is carried out on seismic wave images of a plurality of seismic traces which are adjacent to each other, the comparison content comprises the amplitude of the waveform and the wave number of each second, wherein the amplitude of the waveform represents seismic wave energy, the wave number of each second represents seismic wave frequency, and if the comparison shows that the energy and the frequency of two or more seismic traces which are adjacent to each other tend to be consistent, the wellhead first arrival time points corresponding to the seismic traces which are adjacent to each other are fitted in the same time depth line segment.
In the process of establishing a micro-logging interpretation result analysis chart, the invention associates the seismic wave characteristics displayed by the micro-logging monitoring record with the first arrival time depth line section, thereby having the following advantages: (1) the method can compare the time-depth line segments, observe and compare all waveform change characteristics, so that the change characteristics of the excitation waveforms at different depths of the micro-logging are more visual and clear when being compared with each other, and abnormal records which do not accord with actual conditions can be conveniently detected; (2) the common receiving point seismic gather is adopted, the offset distances of adjacent seismic channels are the same, the contrast is improved, further in a time-depth line section graph of the associated micro-logging monitoring record, the distance displayed in the graph between the adjacent seismic channels of the micro-logging monitoring record is consistent with the distance displayed in the graph of the excitation distance of an adjacent excitation point (shot point), the contrast is higher, the micro-logging interpretation process is more visual, simple and convenient, and the result accuracy is improved; (3) because the monitoring record and the interpretation result are combined in a correlation manner, the initial time point of the wave form of each seismic channel and the initial time point of the well head on the wave form of each seismic channel and the initial time point of the well head are displayed simultaneously in the graph, so that the interpretation process of the micro-logging is simplified, the error information or the abnormal information is convenient to check, and the accuracy of the micro-logging interpretation is improved; (4) can be printed or snap-printed as the final monitoring record. The method has important significance for well depth design, static correction and improvement of seismic data quality in seismic acquisition construction.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a prior art micro-logging construction method;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a prior art microlog monitor display and its first arrival time pickup interface;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the microlog monitoring record "pull-track display" shown in FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a prior art microlog interpretation interface;
FIG. 5 is a diagram of prior art micro-logging interpretation results;
FIG. 6 is a schematic illustration of a microlog monitor display plot and its first arrival time pickup interface for the 2 nd common receiver seismic gather embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic illustration of a microlog monitor display plot and its first arrival time pickup interface for the 3 rd common receiver seismic gather embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of a microlog interpretation interface in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 9 is a micro-log interpretation of correlated monitor records in an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The embodiment of the method for interpreting micro-logging and establishing a result chart of the associated monitoring record takes a micro-logging point in a certain area as an example (the embodiment is consistent with the micro-logging construction scheme used in fig. 2-5 and the obtained micro-logging original data, and the details of the same are omitted), and the following is specifically described:
(1) seismic wave monitoring data for microblogging interpretation is obtained.
The micro-logging raw data used in this embodiment is seismic wave monitoring data obtained through seismic logging construction, the seismic logging construction adopts shot point excitation in a well and ground geophone receiving modes, 28 shot points are adopted, and the excitation depths of the shot points are 30m, 28m, 26m, 24m, 22m, 20m, 18m, 16m, 15m, 14m, 13m, 12m, 11m, 10m, 9m, 8m, 7m, 6m, 5m, 4.5m, 4m, 3.5m, 3m, 2.5m, 2m, 1.5m, 1m and 0.5m from deep to shallow in sequence. The distance between excitation points is 2m between 30m and 16m of well depth, the distance between excitation points is 1m between 16m and 5m of well depth, and the distance between excitation points is 0.5m between 5m and 0.5m of well depth.
The number of the detectors is 5, and the detectors are numbered from No. 1 to No. 5.
(2) And generating a display of the micro-logging monitoring record.
After the seismic logging construction is completed, common receiving point seismic channel gathers (namely seismic wave recording data which are received by the same geophone and are excited by shot points at different depths) corresponding to the geophones are extracted from seismic wave monitoring data according to the serial numbers of the geophones, so that 5 common receiving point seismic channel gathers are provided, namely the 1 st, 2 nd, 3 rd, 4 th and 5 th common receiving point seismic channel gathers. Wherein each common receiver gather has 28 traces, each trace representing a recording of different depth shots of the same detector.
As shown in fig. 6, taking the 2 nd common-receiving-point seismic gather as an example, the seismic wave recording data of the common-receiving-point seismic gather is displayed in the time-depth coordinate system, and the ordinate of the time-depth coordinate system is the excitation point depth (m) and the abscissa is the geophone recording time (ms). The method comprises the steps of longitudinally arranging seismic channels from top to bottom according to excitation depth, dividing the width of a region of each seismic channel displaying a seismic wave image in the seismic wave amplitude value direction (up-down direction) into a peak and trough display region by taking a transverse straight line passing through the time start point of the seismic channel as a boundary, wherein the amplitude of the seismic wave image on the transverse straight line is 0, the transverse straight line is crossed with a vertical coordinate and is parallel to the horizontal coordinate, the amplitude of an upward peak of the seismic wave image above the transverse straight line is more than 0, the part of the seismic wave image below the transverse straight line is a downward trough, the amplitude is less than 0, and the peak and trough display regions respectively have upward and downward display widths. The ordinate has a set scale, so that the upward display width of each seismic channel is in direct proportion to the distance between the seismic channel and the excitation point of the upward adjacent seismic channel, and the downward display width of each seismic channel is in direct proportion to the distance between the seismic channel and the excitation point of the downward adjacent seismic channel. The distance between the excitation points is the actual distance of the adjacent excitation points in the depth direction, that is, the display width of the seismic channels is determined by the reduced and proportional relation of the actual distance between the excitation depths of the excitation points corresponding to the adjacent seismic channels, so that on one hand, people can recognize the change rule of the excitation depth and the excitation depth of each seismic channel from the graph, on the other hand, more display widths are reserved in the longitudinal direction of the graph, the waveform of each seismic channel can be displayed in the display interval between the channels as much as possible, and simultaneously, according to the size of the upward and downward display widths in the graph, the waveform of each seismic channel is displayed as a target, the amplitude scaling and the amplitude threshold value of the waveform of each seismic channel are adjusted, so that the waveform of each seismic channel is displayed in the graph as much as possible, and finally as shown in fig. 6.
(3) The first arrival time points of the demodulator probe are picked up on the seismic image of each seismic trace and marked with "|" in fig. 6. The first arrival time of the wave detection point is the time when the geophone receives seismic waves, the point corresponding to the time on the waveform of the seismic trace is the first arrival time of the wave detection point, the geophone can be automatically picked up or manually picked up through software, as shown in an interface shown in fig. 6, and the vertical line "|" on the waveform of each seismic trace is the first arrival time of the wave detection point.
(4) And (4) repeating the steps (2) and (3) to obtain a micro-logging monitoring record display graph of the 1 st-5 th common receiving point seismic gather, and preferably selecting one seismic gather as an explanation basis of micro-logging explanation.
The optimization rule is to select a seismic gather with small background interference and crisp take-off through comparison. The "background interference" refers to an interference waveform whose amplitude value appearing before arrival of a seismic wave first arrival signal on a seismic wave image of a seismic trace exceeds the amplitude value of the first arrival signal, and the "background interference is small" refers to that the number of the interference waveforms is less than a set value (may be 0 or 1). As shown in fig. 7, in the 3 rd common receiving point seismic trace set, the 1 st seismic trace and the 28 th seismic trace have interference waveforms with amplitude values exceeding the amplitude value of the first arrival signal before the arrival of the first arrival signal, which indicates that there is background interference, the interference waveforms appearing on the 28 th seismic trace exceed ten, and the amplitude of the first wave of the 1 st seismic trace exceeds the threshold value, which indicates that the background interference is large. The 'jump is not crisp' because the first wave of the seismic wave appears obviously and is easy to identify, and the first three waves of the 1 st channel are difficult to distinguish which is the first wave of the seismic wave. By comparing fig. 6 and fig. 7, it is clear that the 2 nd receiving point seismic gather meets the requirements of small background interference and crisp take-off.
(5) In the display of the micro-logging monitoring record as the basis of the explanation, the first arrival time point of the wave detection point of the waveform of each seismic channel which has been picked up is corrected according to the well detection distance and the excitation depth (the correction method is described in the background art), and the corrected first arrival time point of the well head is marked by an x. As shown on the right side of fig. 8.
(6) Micro-logging interpretation
A time-depth line segment is obtained from the corrected wellhead first arrival time point fit, as shown by the broken line in the right side of fig. 8. The ordinate of fig. 8 is depth, and the abscissa of the right image is time.
Connecting the wellhead first-arrival time points by line segments in a fitting manner to form a multi-segment line segment, namely a time-depth line segment (the abscissa is time and the ordinate is depth) obtained by fitting the wellhead first-arrival time points, associating the time-depth line segment with the corresponding seismic trace waveform image, and forming an association diagram of the time-depth line segment and the micro-logging monitoring record, as shown on the right side of fig. 8.
Based on the time-depth line segment, the stratum velocity (seismic wave velocity) of the stratum where the seismic wave of each seismic channel is located at the excitation point can be obtained, and therefore the explanation is completed. As shown in the left side of fig. 8, the ordinate is the formation depth (m), the abscissa is the formation velocity (m/s), and specifically, the velocity of the seismic wave of each seismic trace at the excitation depth corresponding to the formation, that is, the formation velocity, is obtained according to the slope of the time-depth line segment. In fig. 8, there are four vertical lines, each corresponding to a time depth line segment on the right side.
When the well head first arrival time points are used for connecting line segments, namely in the process of synthesizing line segments by the well head first arrival time points, the seismic wave images of a plurality of seismic channels adjacent to each other can be subjected to waveform comparison, the comparison content comprises the amplitude value of the waveform (the amplitude value represents the seismic wave energy) and the number of wave numbers per second (the wave numbers per second represent the frequency of the seismic waves), if the energy and the frequency of two or more seismic channels adjacent to each other tend to be consistent after the comparison, the corresponding excitation points are in the same velocity layer, and the first arrival time points of the seismic channels adjacent to each other are fit in the same depth-time curve.
As can be seen in fig. 8: the excitation depth is 0.5m-2m, the seismic wave energy is strong, the frequency is low, the stratum speed is low (220m/s), and the stratum is a low-speed layer; the first deceleration layer is the stratum with the stratum velocity of 1234m/s, which is the second frequency of seismic wave with the excitation depth of 2m-5 m; the seismic wave with the excitation depth of 6m to 11m has a slightly higher frequency and a velocity of 1602m/s, and is a second velocity reduction layer; the seismic wave with the excitation depth of less than 12m has higher frequency and stable waveform, is a better excitation layer, has the speed of 1992m/s, and is a high-speed layer.
(7) And generating a micro-logging interpretation result graph of the associated monitoring records based on the micro-logging interpretation. As shown in fig. 9, the ordinate is the formation depth (m), the abscissa is the time (ms), and in the same coordinate system, from left to right, the lithology bar image and the correlation image of the time-depth line segment and the micro-logging monitoring record are respectively. The graph can be printed as a final monitoring record and can be captured and stored on a computer.
The display contents of the depth line segment and the micro-logging monitoring record correlation diagram in the correlation image and micro-logging interpretation step (figure 8) are the same.
The lithologic columnar image can compare seismic characteristics of different well lithologies due to the fact that stratum velocities are obtained, further determine the corresponding relation between the lithology and the stratum velocities, and generate the lithologic columnar image, and the lithologic columnar image belongs to the prior art.
By the explanation of the above embodiment of the present invention, the present invention finely identifies two deceleration layers, the total thickness of the low and deceleration layers being 12.48m (2.04m +3.40m +7.04m) (FIG. 9). However, due to the lack of waveform comparison, the prior art software explanation only recognizes one deceleration layer, and the total thickness of the low and deceleration layers is 9.6m (1.68m +7.92m), which is 2.88m smaller than the embodiment of the invention (see fig. 5).
In summary, in the micro-logging interpretation result diagram and the micro-logging interpretation interface of the invention, due to the existence of the associated image in which the time-depth line segment is associated with the micro-logging monitoring record, and the display width of the seismic channels in the monitoring record is determined according to the direct proportion relation of the actual distance between the excitation depths of the excitation points corresponding to the adjacent seismic channels, the waveform changes of all seismic channels of the common receiving point seismic channel set monitored by the same detector can be observed, and due to the fact that the common receiving point seismic channel set is formed by all the seismic channels, the offset distances of the adjacent seismic channels in the diagram are the same, and the waveform change trend of the waveform of each seismic channel along with the excitation depth can be observed in a more intuitive up-down comparison mode. When the initial time point is picked up, the change rule can be summarized according to the waveform change trend of the adjacent seismic channels, so that accurate pickup is realized; when the interpretation results are verified, the waveform variation trend of the seismic channel can be compared and judged to be reasonable, so that abnormal records which are not reasonable are checked.
Furthermore, the waveform change graph of the monitoring record in the graph is parallel to the time-depth line segment associated with the waveform change graph, so that the waveform change characteristics of the seismic channel and the time-depth line segment associated with the waveform change graph can be compared left and right, the change characteristics of the excitation waveforms of the micro-logging different depths are more visual and clear when being compared with each other, and abnormal records which do not accord with actual conditions can be conveniently detected.
The distance displayed in the diagram between the adjacent seismic channels of the micro-logging monitoring record is equal to the depth distance of the adjacent excitation points (shot points), so that the occurrence depth of the seismic channels is more visually presented to an observer, the observer can more easily correlate the change of the waveform characteristics with the depth of the stratum and the initial point, the change trend of the waveform characteristics of the adjacent seismic channels is conveniently compared, the waveform characteristics and the time-depth line segment are compared, the overall observation and comprehensive judgment are carried out, the micro-logging interpretation process is more visual, simple and rapid, and the result accuracy is improved; furthermore, due to the correlation and combination of the monitoring record and the interpretation result, the initial time point of the wave form of each seismic channel and the initial time point of the well mouth on the wave form of each seismic channel are displayed simultaneously in the graph, and the initial time point of the wave detection point and the initial time point of the well mouth on the wave form of each seismic channel are displayed simultaneously, so that the interpretation process of the micro-logging is simplified, the error information or the abnormal information is checked conveniently, and the interpretation accuracy of the micro-logging is improved.
Claims (4)
1. A method for micro-logging interpretation and production graph establishment of associated monitoring records is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) acquiring seismic wave recording data of a common receiving point seismic gather for micro-logging interpretation;
(2) interpretation of microlog:
(2.1) establishing a coordinate system, wherein the coordinate system is a time-depth coordinate system of a plane rectangular coordinate, the ordinate is depth, and the abscissa is time; generating a correlation image of a time-depth line segment and a micro-logging monitoring record correlation in the coordinate system based on the seismic wave recording data of the common receiving point seismic gather, wherein the correlation image simultaneously has a seismic wave image and a time-depth line segment of each seismic channel of the common receiving point seismic gather;
the seismic wave images of all seismic channels of the common receiving point seismic channel set are obtained by reproducing the seismic wave recording data in the coordinate system and longitudinally arranging the seismic wave recording data according to the excitation depth corresponding to all seismic channels from shallow to deep; meanwhile, the area of each seismic channel for displaying the seismic wave image is divided into a wave crest display area and a wave trough display area by taking a transverse straight line passing through the time starting point of the seismic channel as a boundary, the amplitude of the seismic wave image on the transverse straight line is 0, the wave crest display area and the wave trough display area respectively have upward display width and downward display width, and the vertical coordinate is provided with a set scale so that the upward display width of each seismic channel is in direct proportion to the distance between the seismic channel and the excitation point of the upward adjacent seismic channel, and the downward display width of each seismic channel is in direct proportion to the distance between the seismic channel and the excitation point of the downward adjacent seismic channel; the excitation point distance is the actual distance of the adjacent excitation points in the depth direction; meanwhile, according to the size of the upward and downward display width, all the waveforms of each seismic channel are displayed as a target, and at least one of the scale, the amplitude scaling of the waveforms of each seismic channel and the amplitude threshold value is adjusted, so that the waveform of each seismic channel can be displayed in the area constrained by the upward and downward display width as much as possible;
the time-depth line segment is obtained by picking up wellhead first-arrival time points on seismic wave images of the seismic channels, marking the seismic wave images, and fitting the wellhead first-arrival time points into line segments; the wellhead first-arrival time point is obtained by picking up seismic wave images of each seismic channel according to wellhead first-arrival time, the wellhead first-arrival time is converted from wave detection point first-arrival time according to the excitation depth and well detection distance of each seismic channel, the wave detection point first-arrival time is obtained by picking up wave detection point first-arrival time points of the seismic wave images of each seismic channel, and the wave detection point first-arrival time represents the time when the geophone initially receives seismic waves;
(2.2) obtaining the stratum velocity of the stratum where the excitation point of each seismic channel is located according to the slope of the time-depth line segment; obtaining the corresponding relation between the stratum depth and the stratum velocity according to the corresponding relation between the excitation depth corresponding to the seismic channel and the stratum velocity;
(3) and generating a micro-logging interpretation result graph of the associated monitoring record according to the corresponding relation between the stratum depth and the stratum speed obtained by micro-logging interpretation, wherein the micro-logging interpretation result graph comprises the associated image.
2. The method of microlog interpretation and production map creation of correlated monitor records as claimed in claim 1, wherein said step (1) includes the step of selecting common receiver point seismic gathers from said seismic wave monitoring data:
(1.1) extracting and numbering a common receiving point seismic channel set corresponding to each geophone according to the geophone number from the seismic wave monitoring data;
(1.2) displaying the seismic wave recording data of each common receiving point seismic gather as a micro-logging monitoring recording display graph; picking up and marking a wave detection point first-break time point on a seismic wave image of each seismic channel displayed by a micro-logging monitoring record, wherein the wave detection point first-break time represents the time when the geophone initially receives seismic waves;
(1.3) according to the display diagram of the micro-logging monitoring record marked with the first arrival time point of the wave detection point, preferably, the micro-logging monitoring record display diagram which displays the seismic wave image and has small background interference and crisp waveform jump at the first arrival time point of the wave detection point, and taking the selected seismic gather corresponding to the display diagram of the micro-logging monitoring record as the common receiving point seismic gather used for generating the correlation image in the step (2).
3. The method of claim 2 for micro-log interpretation of correlated monitoring records and creation of a production map, it is characterized in that the vertical coordinate of the display of the micro-logging monitoring record is depth, the horizontal coordinate is time, all seismic channels are longitudinally arranged from shallow to deep according to the excitation depth, meanwhile, the area of each seismic channel displaying the seismic wave image is bounded by a transverse straight line passing through the time starting point of the seismic channel, can be divided into a wave crest display area and a wave trough display area, the amplitude of the seismic wave image on the transverse straight line is 0, the wave crest display area and the wave trough display area are respectively provided with upward display width and downward display width, the ordinate is provided with a set scale, so that the upward display width of each seismic channel is in direct proportion to the distance between the seismic channel and the excitation point of the upward adjacent seismic channel, and the downward display width of each seismic channel is in direct proportion to the distance between the seismic channel and the excitation point of the downward adjacent seismic channel; the excitation point distance is the actual distance of the adjacent excitation points in the depth direction; and simultaneously, according to the sizes of the upward and downward display widths, all the waveforms of each seismic channel are displayed as a target, and at least one of the scale, the amplitude scaling of the waveforms of each seismic channel and the amplitude threshold value is adjusted, so that the waveform of each seismic channel can be displayed in the area constrained by the upward and downward display widths as much as possible.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein during the fitting of the trace lines from the wellhead first-arrival time points, the seismic images of a plurality of seismic traces adjacent to each other are subjected to waveform comparison, the comparison includes the amplitude of the waveform and the number of waves per second, wherein the amplitude of the waveform represents the seismic energy, and the number of waves per second represents the frequency of the seismic waves, and if the comparison shows that the energies and frequencies of two or more seismic traces adjacent to each other tend to be consistent, the wellhead first-arrival time points corresponding to the seismic traces adjacent to each other are fitted in the same time-depth line segment.
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