CN114114424B - Method for correlating micro-logging interpretation of monitoring records and establishing result chart - Google Patents
Method for correlating micro-logging interpretation of monitoring records and establishing result chart Download PDFInfo
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- CN114114424B CN114114424B CN202010889257.2A CN202010889257A CN114114424B CN 114114424 B CN114114424 B CN 114114424B CN 202010889257 A CN202010889257 A CN 202010889257A CN 114114424 B CN114114424 B CN 114114424B
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- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
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- G01V1/42—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting specially adapted for well-logging using generators in one well and receivers elsewhere or vice versa
Abstract
The invention relates to a method for correlating micro-log interpretation of monitoring records and establishing a result chart, which comprises the following steps: (1) Obtaining seismic wave record data of a common receiving point seismic trace set for micro-logging interpretation; (2) micro-well interpretation: (2.1) generating a correlation image of a time-depth line segment and a micro-logging monitoring record, wherein the correlation image simultaneously receives the seismic wave images and the time-depth line segment of all seismic channels of the point seismic channel set; (2.2) obtaining the stratum speed according to the slope of the time-depth line segment, and further obtaining the corresponding relation between the stratum depth and the stratum speed; (3) A micro-log interpretation outcome map is generated that correlates the monitoring records. The invention makes the comparison of the excitation waveform change characteristics of the micro-logging at different depths more clear, and the micro-logging interpretation is more visual, simple and fine, and has important significance for well depth design, static correction and seismic data quality improvement in seismic acquisition construction.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for micro-logging interpretation and establishing a result chart, and belongs to the technical field of oil-gas geological exploration.
Background
Micro-logging belongs to a method for obtaining surface layer geophysical parameters in seismic exploration, and is generally divided into in-well micro-logging (in-well stimulated surface receiving) and surface micro-logging (surface stimulated surface receiving), and the interpretation methods of the two are basically consistent.
Taking micro-logging in a well as an example, micro-logging construction is as shown in fig. 1, a well penetrating through a low-speed layer and a speed-reducing layer and reaching a high-speed layer is drilled on the ground, a cable with detonators is placed in the well along a straight line passing through a central point o of the well, the detonators are arranged on the cable at set intervals, so that excitation points formed by the detonators are arranged in the well from shallow depth, the distance between each excitation point and the central point of the well is an excitation depth H, the distance between adjacent excitation points is an excitation point distance, and the excitation points in fig. 1 are vertically and downwards arranged from the point o.
And arranging detectors near the wellhead of the earth surface, wherein the detectors form detector points which are used for receiving the seismic waves generated by the explosion of the excitation points and recording the seismic waves as seismic wave monitoring records. The number of the detection points is generally 3-12, and the distance between the detection points and the wellhead center point is well detection distance d (namely offset distance), and is generally 1-6 m. Depending on the topography, the detector layout pattern is typically in the form of a line, a right angle, a fan or a cross, in fig. 1, points aligned in a horizontal direction.
One purpose of microlog interpretation is to obtain the propagation velocity of seismic waves in formations of different depths (i.e., seismic velocity, the same applies below), thereby identifying the medium, thickness, and demarcating the formations. The basic principle is as follows:
1. when excitation points are excited from deep to shallow, if the propagation velocity of seismic waves generated by some excitation points distributed continuously in depth in the stratum nearby is uniform, the stratum medium at the depth where these excitation points are located should be uniform, thereby dividing each "velocity layer".
2. However, the seismic velocity V cannot be directly acquired, and the geophone can only obtain seismic data of the amplitude of the seismic wave changing with time, so as to generate a seismic image (as shown in fig. 2 and 3), and the time when the initial seismic wave generated by the excitation point at the excitation moment reaches the geophone, namely the first arrival time t of the geophone, can be "picked up" on the seismic image by image identification (manual or software processing). The picking principle is as follows:
a micro log monitor record display is first obtained. In the micro-logging construction process, the wave detectors record seismic wave signal data from the excitation time of the excitation points, the seismic wave generated by explosion of each excitation point is recorded by monitoring the seismic wave received and recorded by one wave detector, which is called a 'seismic trace', and the 'trace number' is arranged for distinguishing. A display of microlog monitoring records obtained with microlog interpretation software (e.g., KLseis) is shown in fig. 2. Figure 2 shows a total of 28 excitation points, 5 detection points in the micro-logging construction. The ordinate is time, each seismic trace is firstly arranged from shallow to deep (left to right in the figure) according to the depth of an excitation point, and each excitation point is arranged according to the trace number of the No. 1-5 wave detection point.
It should be noted that, in order to facilitate the identification of the first arrival time, the conventional micro-logging interpretation software displays the seismic wave image by adopting a method of "amplifying the amplitude and cutting off the threshold", that is, firstly amplifying the amplitude of the seismic wave to make the first waveform more obvious, so that the time when the first wave occurs can be better identified, but after the amplitude is amplified, the width (the left-right direction in fig. 2) of the seismic wave image becomes larger, the intervals between adjacent seismic channels are equal at the moment 0, the waves with the excessively large amplitude overlap each other to affect the observation, therefore, an amplitude threshold value is set, the amplitude part of the wave exceeding the threshold value is cut off, and the amplitude part of the seismic wave is displayed by the threshold value, such as the part where the wave crest and the wave trough are straight lines in the seismic wave images in fig. 2 and 3.
After the display diagram of the micro-logging monitoring record is displayed, the first wave of each seismic wave image is identified, the starting position of the first wave is found, and the seismic wave image is marked, so that the pickup of the first arrival time of the detection point is completed. The pickup spot first arrival time in fig. 2 is marked with "|".
In addition, after the pickup of the first arrival time is completed in the interface of fig. 2, the same receiving channel data may be extracted from the 28 co-excitation point channel sets to form 5 co-receiving point channel sets, namely "extraction channels", where each co-receiving point channel set has 28 channels, and each channel represents the records of the excitation points of the same detector at different depths, as shown in fig. 3, and is a display diagram of the micro-logging monitoring record of "extraction channel display". However, in the existing software, the interface of fig. 3 can only perform "track drawing display", and cannot perform the operation of picking up the first arrival time.
3. After the first arrival time of the detection point is obtained, the distance between the detection point and the excitation point, namely the offset, can be obtained by using the excitation depth H and the well offset d according to the Pythagorean theorem, so that the following formula is provided:
wherein T is the "wellhead first arrival time" of the initial seismic wave generated by the excitation point at the excitation time to reach the wellhead center point, i.e. the time when the initial seismic wave propagates to the wellhead center point in the depth direction, since the distance between each detection point and the excitation point does not extend in the depth direction, it is necessary to convert (correct) the detection point first arrival time T into the wellhead first arrival time T, and the conversion uses the formula of correcting each first arrival time derived from the above formula:
inputting the parameter H, d into the micro-logging interpretation software can automatically correct T to T, and in the micro-logging interpretation interface in fig. 4, the corrected wellhead first arrival time uses an "x" mark.
4. According to the obtained wellhead first arrival time T, the stratum can be interpreted in a time-depth coordinate system of micro-logging interpretation software, as shown in an interpretation interface of fig. 4, the abscissa is time, the ordinate is depth, each 'x' point in the graph corresponds to each excitation point and the first arrival time thereof (the abscissa of the point is wellhead first arrival time T of the excitation point, and the ordinate is excitation depth H), each point is connected into a line segment, an operator inevitably performs a choice on the point according to the overall trend and experience of each point when connecting, and the positions of the line and the point can be manually adjusted, as shown in fig. 4, and certain points are outside the line segment. The slope of the line segment, that is, the speed representing the speed layer, and the seismic wave speeds in the same speed layer are equal according to the description of the first principle, and a plurality of speed layers can be divided according to the ordinate (depth) corresponding to the intersection point of the adjacent line segments, and in fig. 5, three speed layers, namely, a low speed layer (300 m/s), a deceleration layer (1300 m/s) and a high speed layer (2033 m/s), are respectively arranged.
And a micro-logging interpretation result diagram shown in fig. 5 can be established, wherein the thickness of each velocity layer is calculated according to the length of each line segment in the vertical direction, and the medium type of the velocity layer can be obtained by combining geological exploration.
In summary, the existing micro-logging interpretation method can be summarized into two steps, firstly, the micro-logging monitoring record is used for displaying graphs (fig. 2 and 3), the first arrival time of the detection point is picked up at a pick-up interface, and the first arrival time of the wellhead is converted by calculation; and secondly, entering a micro-logging interpretation interface (figure 4), marking each point in a time-depth coordinate system according to the corrected corresponding relation between the first arrival time and the excitation depth of the excitation point, further drawing a line segment by a connecting line, and dividing a speed layer according to the slope of the line segment.
The above explained process has the following drawbacks:
1. the first arrival time pickup accuracy is not high.
As can be seen from the description of the micro-logging principle, the first arrival time of the wave detection point is based on the identification of the seismic wave image, the quality of the seismic wave image has a great influence on the accuracy of the micro-logging interpretation result, but is influenced by the measures of 'amplifying amplitude and threshold cutting', and the wave crest and the wave trough of the seismic wave image are cut off, so that the waveform is not fully displayed and the change characteristics are not obvious.
On the one hand, as shown in the micro-well logging monitoring record display diagram after channel extraction shown in fig. 3, the seismic channels are displayed according to the depth sequence of the excitation points, and the adjacent channels are arranged at equal intervals at the starting points, because the waveforms are not fully displayed and the change characteristics are not obvious, when the first arrival time is picked up, the contrast of the amplitudes and the frequencies of the waveforms of the adjacent channels is not high and the difference is not obvious, the change rule of the seismic waves is difficult to compare from the depth arrangement direction of the excitation points, and the seismic channels cannot be used for distinguishing different stratum, and cannot guide the pickup of the first arrival time.
On the other hand, in actual construction, due to wind blowing, artificial interference, mutual inductance of circuits in the detectors, and the like, the initial value of the detectors before receiving the initial seismic wave signals is often not an ideal 0 value, and the interference can randomly occur along with different detectors and different positions where the detectors are placed, and cannot be completely avoided. The interference noise is sometimes amplified above the threshold and becomes first-arrival artifacts, such as the 28 th channel in fig. 3, due to the "amplified amplitude, threshold cut" measure.
2. The final interpretation result has low contrast with the monitoring record diagram, and the first arrival time of artificial modification is difficult to find, so that the interpretation result is wrong.
In the interpretation process, the condition that certain seismic waveforms of certain seismic traces are abnormal occurs on the monitoring record diagram, and after the condition occurs, due to the fact that the monitoring record is intricate and complex, manual examination is time-consuming and labor-consuming, illegal operations of manually modifying first arrival time and trying to make interpretation results ideal can occur. In the micro-logging interpretation interface, the situation that a certain point deviates from the overall trend of the adjacent points is also possible, and the first arrival time can be artificially modified.
The above explanation of the micro-logging process shows that the first arrival time of the pickup detector and the micro-logging explanation are performed separately, the working interfaces are different, the working contents are different, and only the explanation interface in the final interpretation result diagram has no seismic wave image. Therefore, the comparison analysis and the inspection of each seismic wave image cannot be intuitively performed on an interpretation interface and in a final interpretation result diagram.
The operation of manually modifying the first arrival time will be difficult to find. Especially, under the condition that the shot points are arranged more and deeper along the excitation depth, the waveform change rule difference of the adjacent channels is smaller due to the increase of the number of the seismic channels, so that the condition that the first arrival time is manually modified is more difficult to find, and the final interpretation result is wrong.
In summary, with the increase of the exploration difficulty of the seismic block and the deep exploration degree, the surface structure investigation is finer and finer, the prior micro-logging interpretation method is difficult to meet the higher requirements on the precision of micro-logging construction and data interpretation,
disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for correlating micro-log interpretation of monitoring records and establishing a result chart so as to improve the accuracy of the method.
In order to solve the technical problems, a method for correlating micro-log interpretation of monitoring records and establishing a result chart is provided, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Obtaining seismic wave record data of a common receiving point seismic trace set for micro-logging interpretation;
(2) Micro-well interpretation:
(2.1) establishing a coordinate system, wherein the coordinate system is a time-depth coordinate system of a plane rectangular coordinate, the ordinate is depth, and the abscissa is time; based on the seismic wave record data of the common receiving point seismic trace set, generating a correlation image of a time-depth line segment and a micro-logging monitoring record in the coordinate system, wherein the correlation image is used for simultaneously receiving the seismic wave images and the time-depth line segment of all seismic traces of the common receiving point seismic trace set;
the seismic wave images of all the seismic channels of the common receiving point seismic channel set are obtained by reproducing the seismic wave record data in the coordinate system and longitudinally arranging the seismic wave record data according to the sequence from shallow to deep of the excitation depth corresponding to all the seismic channels; meanwhile, the area of each seismic channel for displaying the seismic wave image is bounded by a transverse straight line passing through the time starting point of the seismic channel and can be divided into a wave crest display area and a wave trough display area, wherein the amplitude of the seismic wave image on the transverse straight line is 0, the wave crest display area and the wave trough display area are respectively provided with an upward display width and a downward display width, and the ordinate is provided with a set scale, so that the upward display width of each seismic channel is in direct proportion to the excitation point distance of the seismic channel and an upward adjacent seismic channel, and the downward display width of each seismic channel is in direct proportion to the excitation point distance of the seismic channel and a downward adjacent seismic channel; the excitation point distance is the actual distance between adjacent excitation points in the depth direction; meanwhile, according to the size of the upward and downward display widths, taking all waveforms of all the seismic channels as targets, and adjusting at least one of the scale, the amplitude scaling of the waveforms of all the seismic channels and the amplitude threshold value, so that the waveforms of all the seismic channels can be displayed in the area limited by the upward and downward display widths as far as possible;
the time-depth line segment is obtained by picking up the first arrival time point of the wellhead on the seismic wave image of each seismic channel, marking the seismic wave image, and fitting the first arrival time point of the wellhead into a line segment; the wellhead first arrival time is obtained by picking up the first arrival time of the wave detection points of the wave images of all the seismic channels according to the wellhead first arrival time, the wellhead first arrival time is converted from the first arrival time of the wave detection points according to the excitation depth and the well detection distance of the seismic channels, the first arrival time of the wave detection points is obtained by picking up the first arrival time of the wave detection points of the wave images of all the seismic channels, and the first arrival time of the wave detection points represents the moment when the wave detection device initially receives the wave detection waves;
(2.2) obtaining the stratum velocity of the stratum where the excitation point of each seismic channel is located according to the slope of the time-depth line segment, and obtaining the corresponding relation between the stratum depth and the stratum velocity according to the corresponding relation between the excitation depth corresponding to the seismic channel and the stratum velocity;
(3) And generating a micro-well logging interpretation result diagram of the association monitoring record according to the corresponding relation between the stratum depth and the stratum speed, wherein the micro-well logging interpretation result diagram comprises the association image.
Further, said step (1) includes the step of selecting a common receive point seismic gather from said seismic wave monitoring data:
(1.1) extracting a common receiving point seismic trace set corresponding to each detector according to the detector number from seismic wave monitoring data and numbering;
(1.2) displaying the seismic wave record data of each co-receiving point seismic trace set as a micro-log monitoring record display; picking up and marking a first arrival time point of a wave detector on a seismic wave image of each seismic channel of the micro-logging monitoring record display diagram, wherein the first arrival time of the wave detector represents the moment when the wave detector initially receives the seismic wave;
(1.3) according to the micro-well monitoring record display diagram marked with the first arrival time point of the detection point, preferably, the micro-well monitoring record display diagram with small background interference of the displayed seismic wave image and crisp waveform starting at the first arrival time point of the detection point is adopted, and the seismic trace set corresponding to the selected micro-well monitoring record display diagram is used as the common receiving point seismic trace set for generating the associated image in the step (2).
Further, the vertical coordinate of the micro-well logging monitoring record display diagram is depth, the horizontal coordinate is time, all the seismic channels are longitudinally arranged from shallow to deep according to the excitation depth, meanwhile, the area of each seismic channel displaying the seismic wave image is divided into a wave crest display area and a wave trough display area by taking a horizontal straight line passing through the time starting point of the seismic channel as a boundary, the amplitude of the seismic wave image on the horizontal straight line is 0, the wave crest display area and the wave trough display area are respectively provided with an upward display width and a downward display width, the vertical coordinate is provided with a set scale, so that the upward display width of each seismic channel is in direct proportion to the excitation point distance of the seismic channel and the seismic channel adjacent to the upward display width of each seismic channel, and the downward display width of each seismic channel is in direct proportion to the excitation point distance of the seismic channel and the seismic channel adjacent to the downward display point distance of the seismic channel; the excitation point distance is the actual distance between adjacent excitation points in the depth direction; and simultaneously, according to the upward and downward display width, taking all waveforms of all the seismic channels as targets, and adjusting at least one of the scale, the amplitude scaling of the waveforms of all the seismic channels and the amplitude threshold value, so that the waveforms of all the seismic channels can be displayed in the area limited by the upward and downward display width as much as possible.
Further, in the process of fitting the first arrival time points at the wellhead into line segments, waveform comparison is carried out on the seismic wave images of a plurality of mutually adjacent seismic channels, the comparison content comprises amplitude values of waveforms and wave numbers per second, wherein the amplitude values of the waveforms represent the seismic wave energy, the wave numbers per second represent the frequency of the seismic waves, and if the comparison finds that the energy and the frequency of two or more mutually adjacent seismic channels tend to be consistent, the first arrival time points at the wellhead corresponding to the mutually adjacent seismic channels are fitted into the same time-depth line segments.
In the process of establishing a micro-logging interpretation result analysis chart, the invention correlates the seismic wave characteristics displayed by the micro-logging monitoring record with the first arrival time depth line segment, thereby having the following advantages: (1) The time-depth line segment can be compared, all waveform change characteristics can be observed and compared, so that the change characteristics of excitation waveforms of different depths of the micro-logging are more visual and clear when being compared with each other, and the abnormal records which do not accord with the actual conditions can be conveniently detected; (2) The common receiving point seismic trace sets are adopted, the offset distances of adjacent seismic traces are the same, the contrast is improved, and further in the time-depth line segment diagram of the associated micro-logging monitoring record, the distance between adjacent seismic traces of the micro-logging monitoring record, which is displayed in the diagram, is consistent with the distance between the adjacent excitation points (shot points), which is displayed in the diagram, and the contrast is higher, so that the micro-logging interpretation process is more visual and simple, and the accuracy of results is improved; (3) The correlation combination of the monitoring record and the interpretation result enables the position of the first arrival time point of the waveform of each seismic trace in the micro-logging monitoring record and the position of each endpoint of the fitted time-depth line segment to be simultaneously displayed in the figure, and the initial time point of the detection point and the first arrival time point of the wellhead on the waveform of each seismic trace are also simultaneously displayed, so that the micro-logging interpretation process is simplified, error information or abnormal information is conveniently checked, and the accuracy of micro-logging interpretation is improved; (4) Can be saved as a final monitoring record print or a scratch. The method has important significance for well depth design, static correction and seismic data quality improvement in seismic acquisition construction.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a prior art microlog construction method;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a conventional micro-log monitoring record display and its first arrival time pickup interface;
FIG. 3 is a display of a microlog monitor record of "draw display" based on FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a prior art micro-well interpretation interface;
FIG. 5 is a diagram of the interpretation of a prior art microlog;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a micro-log monitoring record display of a 2 nd co-received point seismic trace set and its first arrival time pickup interface in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a micro-log monitoring record display of a 3 rd common receive point seismic gather and its first arrival time pickup interface in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a micro-log interpretation interface in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 9 is a diagram of microlog interpretation of an associated monitoring record in an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The embodiment of the method for explaining and establishing a result chart of the microlog of the correlation monitoring record takes one microlog point in a certain area as an example (the embodiment is consistent with the microlog construction scheme used in fig. 2-5 and the obtained original microlog data, and the same points are not described in detail), and is specifically described as follows:
(1) Seismic wave monitoring data for micro-log interpretation is obtained.
The micro-logging raw data used in the embodiment is seismic wave monitoring data obtained through seismic logging construction, the seismic logging construction adopts a method of in-well shot point excitation and ground detector reception, the shot points are 28 in total, and the excitation depths of the shot points are sequentially 30m, 28m, 26m, 24m, 22m, 20m, 18m, 16m, 15m, 14m, 13m, 12m, 11m, 10m, 9m, 8m, 7m, 6m, 5m, 4.5m, 4m, 3.5m, 3m, 2.5m, 2m, 1.5m, 1m and 0.5m from deep to shallow. The excitation point distance between the well depth and the well depth is 2m, the excitation point distance between the well depth and the well depth is 16-5m, the excitation point distance is 1m, and the excitation point distance between the well depth and the well depth is 5m-0.5m, and the excitation point distance is 0.5m.
The number of detectors is 5, and the number is 1 to 5.
(2) A micro log monitor record display is generated.
After the completion of the seismic logging construction, the common receiving point seismic trace sets (namely, the seismic wave record data which are received by the same detector and are excited by the shots with different depths) corresponding to each detector are extracted from the seismic wave monitoring data according to the serial numbers of the detectors, so that 5 common receiving point seismic trace sets are respectively 1 st, 2 nd, 3 rd, 4 th and 5 th common receiving point seismic trace sets. Wherein each common receiver gather has 28 traces, each trace representing a record of a different depth excitation of the same detector.
As shown in fig. 6, taking the 2 nd co-receiving point seismic trace set as an example, the seismic wave recording data of the co-receiving point seismic trace set is displayed in a time-depth coordinate system, the ordinate of the time-depth coordinate system is the excitation point depth (m), and the abscissa is the detector recording time (ms). The method comprises the steps of longitudinally arranging all seismic channels from shallow to deep according to the excitation depth, wherein the width of an area of each seismic channel for displaying a seismic wave image in the direction of the amplitude value of the seismic wave (up-down direction) is defined by a transverse straight line passing through the time starting point of the seismic channel, the area can be divided into wave crest and wave trough display areas, the amplitude of the seismic wave image on the transverse straight line is 0, the transverse straight line is intersected with the ordinate and parallel to the abscissa, the amplitude of the upward wave crest of the seismic wave image above the transverse straight line is greater than 0, the amplitude of the downward wave trough of the seismic wave image below the transverse straight line is less than 0, and the wave crest and wave trough display areas respectively have upward and downward display widths. The ordinate has a scale set so that the upward display width of each seismic trace is proportional to the distance between the seismic trace and the excitation point of the upwardly adjacent seismic trace, and the downward display width of each seismic trace is proportional to the distance between the seismic trace and the excitation point of the downwardly adjacent seismic trace. The excitation point distance is the actual distance between adjacent excitation points in the depth direction, namely the display width of each seismic channel is determined according to the fact that the actual distance between the excitation depths of the excitation points corresponding to each adjacent seismic channel is reduced according to the scale and is in a proportional relation, so that on one hand, people can recognize the excitation depth and the change rule of the excitation depth of each seismic channel from the graph, on the other hand, the excitation point distance is used for reserving more display width in the longitudinal direction of the graph, waveforms of each seismic channel can be displayed in the display interval between the channels as much as possible, meanwhile, according to the size of the upward display width and the downward display width in the graph, the amplitude scaling and the amplitude threshold value of the waveforms of each seismic channel are adjusted, and the waveforms of each seismic channel are displayed in the graph as much as possible, and finally, as shown in fig. 6.
(3) The first arrival time point of the geophone is picked up on the seismic image of each seismic trace, marked with "|" in fig. 6. The first arrival time of the wave detector is the moment when the wave detector receives the seismic waves, the point corresponding to the moment on the waveform of the seismic channels is the first arrival time of the wave detector, the wave detector can be automatically picked up or manually picked up through software, an interface is shown in fig. 6, and the vertical line 'I' on the waveform of each seismic channel is the first arrival time of the wave detector.
(4) Repeating the steps (2) and (3) to obtain a micro-well logging monitoring record display diagram of the 1 st to 5 th common receiving point seismic trace sets, and selecting one seismic trace set from the micro-well logging monitoring record display diagram as an interpretation basis of micro-well logging interpretation.
The optimization rule is to select the seismic trace set with small background interference and crisp jump by comparison. "background interference" refers to an interference waveform on a seismic image of a seismic trace, the amplitude value of the interference waveform appearing before the arrival of a first arrival signal of the seismic wave exceeds the amplitude value of the first arrival signal, and "small background interference" refers to the number of interference waveforms being smaller than a set value (preferably 0 or 1). As shown in fig. 7, in the 3 rd common receiving point seismic trace set, the 1 st seismic trace and the 28 th seismic trace have interference waveforms with amplitude values exceeding the amplitude value of the first arrival signal before the arrival of the first arrival signal, which indicates that there is background interference, the interference waveforms appearing on the 28 th seismic trace exceed ten, and the amplitude of the first wave of the 1 st seismic trace exceeds a threshold value, which indicates that the background interference is large. The "jump and crisp" means that the first wave of the seismic wave appears more obviously and is easy to identify, and it is difficult to identify which wave is the first wave of the seismic wave from the first three waves of the 1 st track, so that the "jump and crisp" is not easy. By comparing fig. 6 and fig. 7, it is obvious that the 2 nd receiving point seismic trace set meets the requirements of small background interference and quick and crisp take-off.
(5) In the micro-logging monitoring record display diagram which is taken as an explanation basis, the first arrival time point of the wave form of each seismic trace which is picked up is corrected according to the well detection distance and the excitation depth (the correction method is described in the background art), and the corrected first arrival time point of the well head is marked by an X. As shown on the right side of fig. 8.
(6) Micro-log interpretation
The time-depth line segments are obtained from the corrected wellhead first arrival time point fitting, as shown by the broken lines in the right side of fig. 8. The ordinate of fig. 8 is depth, and the abscissa of the right image is time.
And connecting the wellhead first-arrival time points with line segments in a fitting mode to form a plurality of line segments, namely, a time-depth line segment (time on the abscissa and depth on the ordinate) obtained by fitting the wellhead first-arrival time points, wherein the time-depth line segment is associated with a corresponding seismic trace waveform image, and a time-depth line segment and micro-logging monitoring record association diagram is formed, as shown on the right side of fig. 8.
Based on the time-depth line segments, the stratum velocity (seismic wave velocity) of the seismic wave of each seismic channel in the stratum where the excitation point is located can be obtained, so that the explanation is completed. As shown on the left side of fig. 8, the ordinate is the formation depth (m), the abscissa is the formation velocity (m/s), and specifically, the velocity of the seismic wave of each seismic trace at the excitation depth, that is, the formation velocity, is obtained according to the slope of the time-depth line segment. In fig. 8, there are four vertical lines, each corresponding to one time-depth line segment on the right side.
When the line segments are connected by the first arrival time points of the wellhead, namely, in the process of fitting the line segments from the first arrival time points of the wellhead, waveform comparison can be carried out on the seismic wave images of a plurality of mutually adjacent seismic channels, wherein the comparison content comprises amplitude values (the amplitude values represent the seismic wave energy) of the waveforms and wave numbers per second (the wave numbers per second represent the frequency of the seismic waves), if the energy and the frequency of two or more mutually adjacent seismic channels are found to be consistent after comparison, the fact that the corresponding excitation points are in the same velocity layer is indicated, and the first arrival time points of the mutually adjacent seismic channels are fitted in the same time depth curve.
As can be seen from fig. 8: the excitation depth is 0.5m-2m, the earthquake wave energy is strong, the frequency is low, the stratum speed is small (220 m/s), and the earthquake wave energy is a low-speed layer; the frequency of the earthquake wave with the excitation depth of 2m-5m is secondary, and the stratum speed is 1234m/s, which is the first deceleration layer; the excitation depth is 6m-11m, the seismic wave frequency is slightly higher, and the speed is 1602m/s, which is the second deceleration layer; the seismic wave with the excitation depth below 12m has higher frequency and stable waveform, is a better excitation horizon, has the speed reaching 1992m/s and is a high-speed layer.
(7) Based on the micro-log interpretation, a micro-log interpretation result map of the associated monitoring record is generated. As shown in fig. 9, the ordinate represents the formation depth (m), the abscissa represents the time (ms), and the left to right represents a lithology columnar image and a correlation image of a time-depth line segment and a micro-logging monitoring record, respectively, in the same coordinate system. The graph can be printed as a final monitoring record and can also be saved in a computer.
The correlation image and the depth line segment in the micro-well logging interpretation step (figure 8) are the same as the display content of the correlation chart of the micro-well logging.
The lithology columnar image can compare the seismic characteristics of different drilling lithology due to the formation speed, further determine the corresponding relation between lithology and the formation speed and generate the lithology columnar image, which belongs to the prior art.
As explained by the above examples of the present invention, the present invention finely recognizes that the total thickness of the low and slow down layers is 12.48m (2.04 m+3.40m+7.04 m) (FIG. 9). Whereas the lack of waveform comparison, explained by prior art software, only one deceleration layer was identified with a total thickness of 9.6m (1.68 m+7.92 m) less than the 2.88m (see fig. 5) for the embodiment of the present invention.
In summary, in the micro-well logging interpretation result diagram and the micro-well logging interpretation interface, because the correlation image of the existing time-depth line segment and the micro-well logging monitoring record and the display width of the seismic channels in the monitoring record are determined in a proportional relation according to the actual distance between the excitation depths of the excitation points corresponding to the adjacent seismic channels, the waveform change of all the seismic channels of the common receiving point seismic channel set monitored by the same detector can be observed, and because all the seismic channels form the common receiving point seismic channel set, the offset distances of the adjacent seismic channels in the diagram are the same, and the waveform change trend of the waveform of each seismic channel along with the excitation depth change can be relatively intuitively compared and observed. When picking up at an initial time point, the change rule can be summarized according to the waveform change trend of the adjacent seismic channels, so that accurate picking up is realized; and when the interpretation result is checked, whether the waveform change trend of the seismic channel is reasonable or not can be compared and judged so as to check out an unreasonable suspected abnormal record.
Furthermore, the waveform change patterns of the monitoring records in the figures are parallel to the associated time-depth line segments left and right, so that the waveform change characteristics of the seismic channels and the associated time-depth line segments can be compared left and right, the change characteristics of the excitation waveforms of different depths of the micro-logging are more visual and clear when compared with each other, and the abnormal records which do not accord with the actual conditions can be conveniently detected.
The distance displayed in the graph between adjacent seismic traces of the micro-logging monitoring record is equal to the depth distance of adjacent excitation points (shot points), so that the occurrence depth of the seismic traces is more intuitively presented in front of an observer, the observer can more easily correlate the change of waveform characteristics with the stratum depth and the initial point, the waveform characteristic change trend of the adjacent seismic traces, the waveform characteristics and the time depth line segments are conveniently compared, and the integral observation and the comprehensive judgment are carried out, so that the micro-logging interpretation process is more intuitive and simpler, and the accuracy of results is improved; moreover, due to the association and combination of the monitoring record and the interpretation result, the position of the first arrival time point of the waveform of each seismic trace in the micro-logging monitoring record and the position of each endpoint of the fitted time-depth line segment are simultaneously displayed in the figure, and the initial time point of the detection point on the waveform of each seismic trace and the first arrival time point of the wellhead are also simultaneously displayed, so that the micro-logging interpretation process is simplified, error information or abnormal information is conveniently checked, and the micro-logging interpretation accuracy is improved.
Claims (4)
1. A method of correlating a microlog interpretation of a monitoring record with the creation of a result map, comprising the steps of:
(1) Obtaining seismic wave record data of a common receiving point seismic trace set for micro-logging interpretation;
(2) Micro-well interpretation:
(2.1) establishing a coordinate system, wherein the coordinate system is a time-depth coordinate system of a plane rectangular coordinate, the ordinate is depth, and the abscissa is time; based on the seismic wave record data of the common receiving point seismic trace set, generating a correlation image of a time-depth line segment and a micro-logging monitoring record in the coordinate system, wherein the correlation image is used for simultaneously receiving the seismic wave images and the time-depth line segment of all seismic traces of the common receiving point seismic trace set;
the seismic wave images of all the seismic channels of the common receiving point seismic channel set are obtained by reproducing the seismic wave record data in the coordinate system and longitudinally arranging the seismic wave record data according to the sequence from shallow to deep of the excitation depth corresponding to all the seismic channels; meanwhile, the area of each seismic channel for displaying the seismic wave image is bounded by a transverse straight line passing through the time starting point of the seismic channel and can be divided into a wave crest display area and a wave trough display area, wherein the amplitude of the seismic wave image on the transverse straight line is 0, the wave crest display area and the wave trough display area are respectively provided with an upward display width and a downward display width, and the ordinate is provided with a set scale, so that the upward display width of each seismic channel is in direct proportion to the excitation point distance of the seismic channel and an upward adjacent seismic channel, and the downward display width of each seismic channel is in direct proportion to the excitation point distance of the seismic channel and a downward adjacent seismic channel; the excitation point distance is the actual distance between adjacent excitation points in the depth direction; meanwhile, according to the size of the upward and downward display widths, taking all waveforms of all the seismic channels as targets, and adjusting at least one of the scale, the amplitude scaling of the waveforms of all the seismic channels and the amplitude threshold value, so that the waveforms of all the seismic channels can be displayed in the area limited by the upward and downward display widths as far as possible;
the time-depth line segment is obtained by picking up the first arrival time point of the wellhead on the seismic wave image of each seismic channel, marking the seismic wave image, and fitting the first arrival time point of the wellhead into a line segment; the wellhead first arrival time is obtained by picking up the first arrival time of the wave detection points of the wave images of all the seismic channels according to the wellhead first arrival time, the wellhead first arrival time is converted from the first arrival time of the wave detection points according to the excitation depth and the well detection distance of the seismic channels, the first arrival time of the wave detection points is obtained by picking up the first arrival time of the wave detection points of the wave images of all the seismic channels, and the first arrival time of the wave detection points represents the moment when the wave detection device initially receives the wave detection waves;
(2.2) obtaining the stratum velocity of the stratum where the excitation point of each seismic channel is located according to the slope of the time-depth line segment; obtaining the corresponding relation between the stratum depth and the stratum speed according to the corresponding relation between the excitation depth corresponding to the seismic channel and the stratum speed;
(3) And generating a micro-well interpretation result diagram of the correlation monitoring record according to the corresponding relation between the stratum depth and the stratum speed obtained by micro-well interpretation, wherein the micro-well interpretation result diagram comprises the correlation image.
2. The method of correlating recorded micro-log interpretation and creation of a production map of claim 1, wherein said step (1) includes the step of selecting a set of co-received point seismic traces from said seismic wave monitoring data:
(1.1) extracting a common receiving point seismic trace set corresponding to each detector according to the detector number from seismic wave monitoring data and numbering;
(1.2) displaying the seismic wave record data of each co-receiving point seismic trace set as a micro-log monitoring record display; picking up and marking the first arrival time point of the wave detection point on the seismic wave image of each seismic channel of the micro-logging monitoring record display diagram;
(1.3) according to the micro-well monitoring record display diagram marked with the first arrival time point of the detection point, preferably, the micro-well monitoring record display diagram with small background interference of the displayed seismic wave image and crisp waveform starting at the first arrival time point of the detection point is adopted, and the seismic trace set corresponding to the selected micro-well monitoring record display diagram is used as the common receiving point seismic trace set for generating the associated image in the step (2).
3. The method for interpreting microlog and creating a result map according to claim 2, wherein the microlog is characterized in that the ordinate of the microlog is depth, the abscissa is time, each seismic trace is longitudinally arranged from shallow to deep according to the excitation depth, meanwhile, the area of each seismic trace displaying the seismic wave image is divided into a crest and a trough displaying area by taking a transverse straight line passing through the time starting point of the seismic trace as a boundary, the amplitude of the seismic wave image on the transverse straight line is 0, the crest and the trough displaying area are respectively provided with an upward display width and a downward display width, the ordinate is provided with a set scale, so that the upward display width of each seismic trace is in direct proportion to the excitation point distance of the seismic trace and the seismic trace adjacent to the upward direction, and the downward display width of each seismic trace is in direct proportion to the excitation point distance of the seismic trace and the seismic trace adjacent to the downward direction; the excitation point distance is the actual distance between adjacent excitation points in the depth direction; and simultaneously, according to the upward and downward display width, taking all waveforms of all the seismic channels as targets, and adjusting at least one of the scale, the amplitude scaling of the waveforms of all the seismic channels and the amplitude threshold value, so that the waveforms of all the seismic channels can be displayed in the area limited by the upward and downward display width as much as possible.
4. The method for correlating and interpreting microlog recorded as in claim 1, wherein during the process of fitting the first arrival time points at the wellhead to line segments, waveform comparison is performed on the seismic wave images of a plurality of mutually adjacent seismic traces, the comparison content comprising amplitude values of the waveforms, and wave numbers per second, wherein the amplitude values of the waveforms represent the seismic wave energy, the wave numbers per second represent the frequency of the seismic waves, and if the comparison finds that the energy and the frequency of two or more mutually adjacent seismic traces tend to be consistent, the first arrival time points at the wellhead corresponding to the mutually adjacent seismic traces are fitted to the same time-depth line segments.
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